• Caloramator celer is a strict anaerobic, alkalitolerant, thermophilic bacterium capable of converting glucose to hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide, acetate, ethanol and formate by a mixed acid fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • Mannose is a sugar monomer of the aldohexose series of carbohydrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mannose XYZ permease is a member of the family, with this distinct method being used by bacteria for sugar uptake particularly exogenous hexoses in the case of mannose XYZ to release the phosphate esters into the cell cytoplasm in preparation for metabolism primarily through the route of glycolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of this study was to quantify uptake of pentose and hexose monosaccharides in an industrial substrate and to present a kinetic growth model of C. saccharolyticus that includes sugar uptake on defined and industrial media. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the observation indicates a regulation system that has fundamental research relevance, since pentose and glucose uptake in C. saccharolyticus has only been described with ABC transporters, whereas previously reported diauxic growth phenomena have been correlated mainly to PTS systems for sugar uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unfortunately, baker's yeast is unable to efficiently metabolize pentose sugars, particularly D-xylose, which accounts for up to 35% of total sugars in xylan-rich lignocellulosic biomass such as hard woods and straw [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74850","yeaD","Escherichia coli","D-hexose-6-phosphate epimerase-like protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The experimental data included four different cases: glucose, xylose, sugar mixture, and wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) fermentations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The substrate uptake rate of C. saccharolyticus on single sugar-defined media was higher on glucose compared to xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, in the defined sugar mixture and WSH, the pentoses were consumed faster than glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequently, the cultures entered a lag phase when all pentoses were consumed after which glucose uptake rate increased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, once all pentoses were consumed, C. saccharolyticus most probably expressed another uptake system to account for the observed increased glucose uptake rate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (lookformedical.com)
  • Combining experimental results from batch fermentations with genome analysis, reconstruction of central carbon metabolism and metabolic flux analysis (MFA), this study shed light on glucose catabolism of the thermophilic alkalitolerant bacterium C. celer . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • In addition, global warming has led to an increase in temperature of water, which has affected the normal lifecycles of bacteria and algae, mainly by increasing the duration of bloom seasons. (ncsu.edu)
  • In simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Arundo hydrolysate, GS1.11-26 produced 32% more ethanol than the parent strain Ethanol Red, due to efficient D-xylose utilization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although there are various species of bacteria, filamentous fungi and other yeast species that are naturally capable of efficiently metabolizing D-xylose, they lack the other crucial advantages of the yeast S. cerevisiae , which have made it the most prominent industrial microorganism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inherently higher robustness and tolerance of S. cerevisiae to various inhibitors gives it a head start in programs aimed at developing strains with extreme inhibitor tolerance, able to efficiently ferment hexoses and pentoses in concentrated lignocellulose hydrolysates [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • citation needed] The PEP-dependent sugar transporting phosphotransferase system transports and simultaneously phosphorylates its sugar substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The tubers of the widely distributed Cyperus esculentus are rich in oil, and therefore, the plant is considered to have a high utilization value in the vegetable oil industry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mesophilic microorganisms are not capable of producing H 2 at high yield being it reported in the range of 1-2 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Utilization of lactose, when present, has a positive and use of rate-limiting resources such as carbon and energy. (lu.se)
  • The glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate can be converted into the 6‐carbon sugar phosphate called fructose‐6‐phosphate by the reactions of triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, and fructose bisphosphase. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • The hexose monophosphate shunt interconverts 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐carbon sugar phosphates. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • The 5‐carbon sugar phosphates are interconverted by the action of epimerase and isomerase to yield ribulose‐5‐phosphate, which is phosphorylated by the enzyme ribulose phosphate kinase to make RuBP, the acceptor of CO 2 . (cliffsnotes.com)
  • For a biotechnological exploitation of this bacterium for H 2 production it is crucial to understand the factors that regulate carbon and electron fluxes and therefore the final distribution of metabolites to channel the metabolic flux towards the desired product. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zobell ( 2 ) observed that the number of bacteria on surfaces was dramatically higher than in the surrounding medium (in this case, seawater). (cdc.gov)
  • Here we show that the ability to digest xanthan gum is common in human gut microbiomes from industrialized countries and appears contingent on a single uncultured bacterium in the family Ruminococcaceae. (nature.com)
  • It is initiated by the en bloc transfer on Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 to nascent glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum in a co-translational manner as the protein entered through the transport system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sugar-binding transport ATP-binding protein aka MalK1 aka TT_C0211, component of The trehalose/maltose/sucrose/palatinose porter (TTC1627-9) plus MalK1 (ABC protein, shared with 3.A.1.1.24) (Silva et al. (lbl.gov)
  • Two major thrusts in the last decade have dramatically impacted our understanding of biofilms: the utilization of the confocal laser scanning microscope to characterize biofilm ultrastructure, and an investigation of the genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • Fucose is a monosaccharide that is commonly found in the cell walls of bacteria and is involved in the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mannose XYZ permease is a member of the family, with this distinct method being used by bacteria for sugar uptake particularly exogenous hexoses in the case of mannose XYZ to release the phosphate esters into the cell cytoplasm in preparation for metabolism primarily through the route of glycolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • When grown under CO 2 -limiting conditions in the light, secretion of endo-β-1,4-glucanases by the cell causes digestion of exogenous cellulose, followed by cellobiose uptake and assimilation. (nature.com)
  • Pretreatment is the key step to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass making sugars available for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. (springeropen.com)
  • The toxic nature of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate severely impedes its efficient substrate utilization and bioethanol fermentation. (springeropen.com)
  • Although methods to remove inhibitors physically, chemically, or biologically may help moderate the problem of toxic compounds in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, it is not economically feasible to remove inhibitors from hydrolysate prior to fermentation due to the cost associated with additional processing steps and the potential loss of fermentable sugars (Jönsson et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Although Z. mobilis demonstrates advantages in ethanol fermentation, the inhibitors derived from biomass deconstruction and hydrolysis still have detrimental effects on Z. mobilis , especially when high biomass solid loading is used during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis steps to generate high concentration of sugars besides the potential additive or synergistic inhibitions of various inhibitors in the hydrolysate (Franden et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Here, we present a systematic strategy for optimizing non-native sugar fermentation by recombinant S. cerevisiae , using cellobiose as a model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • they are responsible for the conversion of sugars to ethanol and carbon dioxide, which make a relatively small contribution to flavour, and hundreds of by-products, some of them not yet identified, that greatly contribute to the fermentation bouquet. (moam.info)
  • Sucrose and other sugars, such as xylose, rhamnose and arabinose, are present in very low concentrations, and it is widely accepted that S. cerevisiae strains do not use these sugars as carbon or energy sources during alcoholic fermentation (Bisson, 1993). (moam.info)
  • This work demonstrated an effective approach of improved butanol fermentation and its probable mechanisms of this positive effect, i.e. the adsorption of ABE solvent and the adhesion of bacteria on porous substrate accounted for the production improvement and the proportional variation of solvent constituents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further analysis explained why R. ferrireducens is unable to grow via photosynthesis or fermentation of sugars like other members of this genus and uncovered novel genes for benzoate metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It also has the unique ability to convert sugars to electricity, oxidizing the sugars to carbon dioxide with quantitative electron transfer to graphite electrodes in microbial fuel cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The novel ability of R. ferrireducens to oxidize sugars to carbon dioxide with quantitative electron transfer to electrodes in microbial fuel cells is of interest because of the possibility of using sugars as a renewable energy source for power production [ 1 , 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pre-biotics- Inulin IQ FOS (Fructooligosaccharides)- one of the best-known pre-biotics, FOS is known to support the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. (nwcnaturals.com)
  • We used growth, transcriptomic, and metabolite analysis to characterize key differences in the utilization of 2′FL, 3FL and DFL (FLs) between B. longum subsp. (nature.com)
  • Two major thrusts in the last decade have dramatically impacted our understanding of biofilms: the utilization of the confocal laser scanning microscope to characterize biofilm ultrastructure, and an investigation of the genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • In the final step of cellulose utilization, small cellodextrins or cellobiose (CB) produced by endo-/exoglucanase activity have to be converted into glucose, and the conversion pathways differ between cellulolytic species. (nature.com)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae , a key organism used for the manufacture of renewable fuels and chemicals, has been engineered to utilize non-native sugars derived from plant cell walls, such as cellobiose and xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, glucose-sensing and signaling pathways and their target genes, including the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway controlling the majority of glucose-induced changes, the Snf3-Rgt2-Rgt1 pathway regulating hexose transport, and the Snf1-Mig1 glucose repression pathway, were at most only partially activated under cellobiose conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used systems-level input to reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying suboptimal metabolism of the non-glucose sugar cellobiose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous papers (29, 27) have dealt with an¢ defined the conditions necessary for the analysis o: the adaptive process against a constant genome These results emphasized the importance of en: ploying known diploid strains in which the haplo phase could be suppressed whenever genetic con stancy was desired during the course of an experi ment. (nih.gov)
  • Instead, HMOs act as a bioactive and prebiotic enriching HMO-utilizing bacteria and cause systematic changes in the host. (nature.com)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key organism used for the manufacture of renewable fuels and chemicals, but it is not capable of using mixed sugars derived from the plant cell wall [ 1 ]-[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the yield of solvent decreased with the increased initial sugar concentration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • infantis is a prevalent species in the breast-fed infant gut and the molecular mechanisms of HMO utilization for the type strain B. longum subsp. (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that a decrease in mRNAs encoding high-affinity/active sugar transport systems may be a widespread and conserved mechanism in yeasts, limiting expression of these proteins whenever their activity is dispensable. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • SLC35A2 and SLC35A3 are homologous proteins with postulated nucleotide sugar transporting activities. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regulation of intracellular sugar homeostasis is maintained by regulation of activities of sugar import and export proteins residing at the tonoplast. (bvsalud.org)
  • Periplasmic binding proteins and sugar binding domain of LacI family [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • In wine, some aroma compounds arise from the must with minor or no modifications, while others are products of yeast metabolism, in particular from the sugar and nitrogen compounds initially present in the grapes. (moam.info)
  • Taken together the findings demonstrate major strain specific adaptations in Bi-26 to efficient utilization of FLs. (nature.com)
  • Overexpression of ERDL4 increased total sugar levels in leaves due to a concomitantly induced stimulation of TONOPLAST SUGAR TRANSPORTER 2 (TST2) expression, coding for the major vacuolar sugar loader. (bvsalud.org)
  • Zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologenic bacterium with many desirable industrial characteristics, but it can also be severely affected by lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors. (springeropen.com)
  • PHAs are typically synthesized in bacteria from sugars or lipids and have industrial interest due to their properties as thermoplastics and elastomers [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The question now naturally arises, what is really meant by such statements as "genes control en- zymes" in-terms of the mechanism and extent of such control, It is clear that the gene must in some manner influence one or more of the steps in the chain of reactions leading to the transformation of protein into some specific enzyme. (nih.gov)