PPARGenesPeroxisomeCytoplasmicIncluding Toll-like receLectin receptorsAntagonistTumorRetinoid receptorTLRsRetinoidsProteinNuclear receptorTranscriptionalPathwayFattyPromoterLigandTregMiceAntibodyBindsPAMPsAmino acidGeneExpressionDemonstrateAbsenceCellCellsCaffeineTherapeuticLevelsRoleFormOxidativeActivationEffects
PPAR6
- We show that the human CYP27 gene is under coupled regulation by retinoids and ligands of PPARs via a PPAR-retinoic acid receptor response element in its promoter. (nih.gov)
- Comparative full transcriptome profile analysis of the hair bulb region of normal and miniaturized hair follicles from vertex and occipital region in males with and without androgenetic alopecia revealed that next to the androgen receptor as well the retinoid receptor and particularly the PPAR pathway is involved in progressive hair miniaturization. (nature.com)
- In addition, miRNA profiling shows enrichment of miRNA-targeted genes in retinoid receptors and PPARGC1α / PPARγ signaling, and antigen presentation pathways. (nature.com)
- Characterization of miRNA expression profile provided support for AR , PPAR, retinoic acid signaling and inflammation in miniaturized hair. (nature.com)
- Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
- It is also related to increased adiponectin (APN) expression associated with adipocyte differentiation, as well as the expression of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
Genes4
- Upon engagement, these receptors activate a series of signaling pathways resulting in upregulation of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β ), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). (docksci.com)
- Finally, we find that retinoic acid signalling activates both Irx1 and Irx3 genes in the pronephros. (silverchair.com)
- In the cell, T3 binds to a nuclear receptor, resulting in transcription of specific thyroid hormone response genes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- Induced LGP2 protein interacted with TRBP and decreased RNA silencing aimed by an average TRBP-bound miRNA, miR-106b, leading to upregulation of its focus on genes, including initiator or executioner caspases, or indirectly directly. (innovation-ecosystems-agora.com)
Peroxisome1
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) have been linked to the regulation of these processes. (nih.gov)
Cytoplasmic1
- The responses are initiated when pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns are recognized by specific cell surface receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors or cytoplasmic proteins including the retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors and NOD-like receptors (NLRs)1. (docksci.com)
Including Toll-like rece1
- Vertebrates including teleost fish have evolved an array of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) for detecting and responding to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs), and the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs). (syr.edu)
Lectin receptors1
- The sensory apparatus that allows detection of infectious microbes has been deciphered in large part, and it is now known that Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, RIG-I-like helicases, C-type lectin receptors, and cytosolic sensors of DNA, most notably cyclic guanosine monophosphate/adenosine monophosphate synthetase, permit recognition of specific molecules of microbial origin. (mhmedical.com)
Antagonist3
- The clinical and initial animal evidence that implicate the therapeutic effect of caffeine (a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist) in treatment of ROP are highlighted. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Inhibition of IL-1β signaling by IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1RA or IL-1β antibody demonstrate encouraging therapeutic effect in type 2 diabetes6,7. (docksci.com)
- Unlike other SGAs, such as clozapine and olanzapine, risperidone is a derivative of benzisoxazole with multiple receptor antagonist properties, making it more effective against negative symptoms and more beneficial on both affective symptoms and cognitive impairments ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tumor3
- describing that compared with normal tissues, lactic acid is in tumor and inflammation. (medicaltrend.org)
- The tumor tissue exhausts local energy, forcing neighboring immune cells to process high-concentration metabolites such as lactic acid in the absence of nutrients, leading to immunosuppression and tumor growth. (medicaltrend.org)
- Some studies support the role of lactic acid and LDHA in tumor progression. (medicaltrend.org)
Retinoid receptor1
- Liu FC*, 2008.04, 'Modular patterning of structure and function of the striatum by retinoid receptor signaling. (nccu.edu.tw)
TLRs1
- Recent progress in the study of innate immunity identifies two key factors relevant to acne: β defensins and toll-like receptors (TLRs). (escholarship.org)
Retinoids1
- Retinoids bind to RAR & RXR receptors, in turn leading to the biological actions that include increasing cell turnover & proliferation, collagen synthesis, pigmentation & oil reduction, reduction of inflammation, & up regulation of blood vessel synthesis. (theformulated.com)
Protein4
- We now show that HGE bacteria, and the HGE-44 protein, induce IL-8 secretion in a promyelocytic (HL-60) cell line that has been differentiated along the neutrophil lineage with retinoic acid and in neutrophils. (neuroprobe.com)
- Gene expression levels of T-box transcription factor (T-bet, TBX21), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). (openscience.si)
- Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
- Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
Nuclear receptor1
- Our findings suggest that nuclear receptor-regulated CYP27 expression is likely to be a key integrator of retinoic acid receptor-PPARgamma-LXR signaling, relying on natural ligands and contributing to lipid metabolism in macrophages. (nih.gov)
Transcriptional1
- In FOP, the mutant receptor causes up-regulation of a transcriptional factor, Id1 . (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway1
- This receptor is involved in lymphocyte trafficking pathway to site of inflammation in intestinal tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Fatty3
- Among the peripheral signals that are generated to regulate the uptake of food, signals from adipose tissue are of major relevance and involve the maintenance of energy homeostasis through processes such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, and oxidation of fatty acids. (wjgnet.com)
- Risperidone increases adipocyte lipid accumulation by plausibly inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation through targeting MAPK14 and MAPK8. (frontiersin.org)
- It is also suggested that the free fatty acids in sebum and certain leukotrienes, which are proinflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid, are also involved in the immunopathophysiology of acne [ 7 ]. (escholarship.org)
Promoter1
- Chern Y*, 2003, 'Characterization of the rat A2a adenosine receptor gene: a 4.8-kb promoter-proximal DNA fragment confers selective expression in the central nervous system. (nccu.edu.tw)
Ligand2
- A therapeutical approach is to target COX-2 enzyme activity by blocking binding of PGE 2 ligand to the EP receptor. (mirnaassay.com)
- This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
Treg1
- Therefore, lactic acid treatment reduces effector T cell function without affecting Treg cell function. (medicaltrend.org)
Mice1
- Finally, immunocompetent and severe combined immunodeficient mice administered CXCR2 antisera, and CXCR2 −/− mice that lack the human IL-8 receptor homologue, are much less susceptible to granulocytic ehrlichiosis than are control animals. (neuroprobe.com)
Antibody1
- Examples include: antimalarial agents such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, antivirals such as lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir, and tocilizumab as an anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor antibody ( 21 - 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
Binds1
- Once IFN/ has been synthesized, it is secreted and binds to the IFN/ receptor. (cdc.gov)
PAMPs1
- Different kinds of microorganisms express different PAMPs, including mainly lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), phosphoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, and other structures that usually do not exist in the host. (frontiersin.org)
Amino acid2
- In the α4 subunit, Tyr187 was identified as a critical amino acid in integrin α4β7-mediated cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
- The identities of the amino acid residues that form the catalytic site have been used to group human proteases into serine, cysteine, matrix metallo-, aspartyl, and threonine protease classes. (encyclopedia.pub)
Gene2
- Risperidone-induced weight gain is associated with a number of factors, including gene polymorphisms ( 12 - 14 ), exercise ( 15 - 17 ), peripheral molecules ( 18 ), and hyperphagia caused by regulating the expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) ( 19 - 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), including RIG-I (or DDX58), melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5 or IFIH1), and lab of Terphenyllin genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2 or DHX58), are representative receptors for viral RNAs in the endosome and cytoplasm, respectively (18C20). (innovation-ecosystems-agora.com)
Expression1
- Induction of the enzyme's expression results in an increased level of 27-hydroxycholesterol and upregulation of LXR-mediated processes. (nih.gov)
Demonstrate2
- We demonstrate the concurrent up-regulation of PPARGC1a in the epithelial compartment and androgen receptor in the dermal papilla of miniaturized hair. (nature.com)
- Infected HL-60 cells also demonstrate upregulation of CXCR2, an IL-8 receptor, but not CXCR1. (neuroprobe.com)
Absence1
- The hONPs were treated with Sonic hedgehog (Shh), in the presence or absence of retinoic acid (RA) and/or forskolin (FN). (scirp.org)
Cell2
- http://richardgpettymd.blogs.com/my_weblog/2006/08/irritable_bowel.html) and yet another moves away form receptors to the cell membrane itself. (blogs.com)
- The modern view believes that lactic acid is an important carbon source and signal molecule for cell metabolism. (medicaltrend.org)
Cells7
- Retinoic acid produced by dendritic cells induces upregulation of LPAM-1 on these cells. (wikipedia.org)
- LPAM-1 is a homing receptor that mediates rolling and firm adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
- In IMIDs, lactic acid is produced by mesenchymal fibroblasts and metabolically active infiltrating immune cells, and is a key driver of the microenvironment of inflammatory tissues. (medicaltrend.org)
- Cells in the microenvironment of TME and IMID have completely different responses to lactic acid, so new research in this context has a variety of clinical application potentials. (medicaltrend.org)
- The proliferation of effector T cells such as cytotoxic T cells and the production of cytokines are highly dependent on glycolysis, and therefore become inactive under conditions of low glucose levels and high lactic acid concentrations. (medicaltrend.org)
- After inhibiting LDH, even in the presence of lactic acid, the function of effector T cells can be restored, which indicates that the effect of lactic acid on these immune cells is highly dependent on LDH. (medicaltrend.org)
Caffeine3
- Lastly, we discussed the translational potential as well therapeutic advantage of adenosine receptor- and caffeine-based therapy for ROR and possibly other proliferative retinopathy. (unboundmedicine.com)
- TY - JOUR T1 - Adenosine receptors and caffeine in retinopathy of prematurity. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Caffeine and 5- O -caffeoylquinic acid were the most abundant compounds in all extracts, followed by 3- O -caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5- O -dicaffeoylquinic acid. (hindawi.com)
Therapeutic1
- Here, we review the experimental evidence in support of adenosine receptor-based therapeutic strategy for ROP, including the aberrant adenosine signaling in oxygen-induced retinopathy and the role of three adenosine receptor subtypes (A1R, A2AR, A2BR) in development and treatment of ROP using oxygen-induced retinopathy models. (unboundmedicine.com)
Levels1
- Although the immunological status of the two environments is quite different, their metabolic status is similar: both are hypoxic, with elevated levels of lactic acid and other metabolic by-products, and low nutrient content. (medicaltrend.org)
Role1
- However, the role of PGE 2 receptors EP 1-4 is still under investigation. (mirnaassay.com)
Form1
- The most efficacious form is retinoic acid , however side effects are universally seen with prescription creams. (theformulated.com)
Oxidative1
- LDHA converts pyruvate into lactic acid and NAD+, while LDHB converts lactic acid into pyruvate to promote oxidative metabolism. (medicaltrend.org)
Activation1
- It remains to be identified how activation of these receptors is connected and regulated by endogenous lipid molecules. (nih.gov)
Effects1
- The closer a molecule is to retinoic acid, the more powerful the effects. (theformulated.com)