• Found in North African deserts to the Sinai Peninsula and western Arabia Persian rufous-tailed finch lark (A. c. zarudnyi) - Hartert, 1902: Found in eastern Iran, southern Afghanistan and southern Pakistan The bar-tailed lark is similar to the desert lark in appearance, but at 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in), is slightly smaller, with a smaller, more domed head, a smaller beak, thinner legs and a shorter tail. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lower jaw slightly shorter than upper jaw. (marlin.ac.uk)
  • The tail is shorter than snout-vent length, and tail height is smaller than tail width at the base. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • They are a little smaller and shorter-tailed than the Rainbow Lorikeets, and not as boldly coloured. (centennialparklands.com.au)
  • The tail is shorter than the trunk. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • Chibu-Kinki and Kyushu individuals have a longer vomerine tooth series and relatively shorter tails than Shikoku individuals. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • In these cases, the male bell curve is a bit squashed, with a shorter peak and more men at the extreme tails than in the corresponding female curve. (ubc.ca)
  • Females tend to have a slightly larger snout vent length, a longer trunk, and more numerous upper and lower jaw teeth. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • The rufous wings have dark trailing edges and the rufous tail has a terminal black band. (wikipedia.org)
  • for of a sudden his circlings are checked, his wings drawn close to his body, his tail contracted to its smallest breadth, and he is seen to plunge headlong towards the earth, with a rapidity which produces a loud rustling sound nearly equal to that of an Eagle on a similar occasion. (audubon.org)
  • Pale grey back and upper wings, pale, dark tipped underwings. (birdforum.net)
  • Juveniles with mantle and wings mottled brown and tail blackish, subadults (1-2 years old) similar but with reduced mottling. (birdforum.net)
  • The basic color is often overshadowed by light or dark transverse bands and less often by longitudinal striping, particularly below, on the wings, and the tail. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The upper wings and back are a pale grey. (earthlife.net)
  • The back and upper wings are brownish streaked with black. (outdooralabama.com)
  • using an algorithm that more accurately computes the extreme upper tail probabilities. (mathworks.com)
  • We establish explicit asymptotics for various probabilities associated to such walks, including the distribution of the hitting time of $0$ and first return time to $0$, and the probability of being at a given height at a given time (uniformly in a large range of heights. (projecteuclid.org)
  • In many fields (financial analysis, climatology, decision making, structural reliability and safety engineering) special attention is devoted to the modelling of distribution tails, in particular upper tails, and the estimation of occurrence probabilities of rare events. (123dok.net)
  • Hence, in general failure probabilities are sensitive to the upper tail of some of the distributions used in the modelling process. (123dok.net)
  • The head is white except with the black (possibly streaked) cap and white neck, belly, and tail. (earthlife.net)
  • It has a brownish-olive to gray-green upper body, a whitish throat contrasting with a pale olive breast, a pale yellow belly, and two light wing bars. (nps.gov)
  • This species is black above and on the head, extending to the throat, with a scarlet breast and upper belly. (birdsinbackyards.net)
  • We evaluate the method on out-of-distribution image classification benchmarks, and show improved uncertainty estimation of node-based BNNs under covariate shift due to input perturbations. (icml.cc)
  • The central tail feathers are black, fading to buff or gray laterally with some barring, the outside three tail feathers are mostly white. (outdooralabama.com)
  • You need to define the zero-truncated Poisson distribution by its probability mass function (pmf). (mathworks.com)
  • Occurrence describes how often the species is found on surveys within its distribution. (reeflifesurvey.com)
  • Found on the upper continental slope of the northwest Pacific ocean, 400-610 metres deep, this shark can be misidentified with other lanternsharks due to their poorly defined distribution and occurrence. (sharkwater.com)
  • In most cases, there exist lower tail dependence for market stresses, upper tail dependence for market booms, and tail asymmetry between individual firms and the market. (nowpublishers.com)
  • After two weeks the larva has developed small feathery gills, front legs, and a long tail. (torontozoo.com)
  • By contrast, the upper 3 percent or so of incomes, starting at a tax-return level of about $140,000, lie along a different curve, one named for Vilfredo Pareto, an economist who studied income distributions in the 19th century. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Continuous and obesity have achieved global rec- numbering all the individual members variables were expressed as mean and ognition only during the past decade, in in the target population, and then standard deviation (SD) and a 2-tailed contrast to underweight, malnutrition computer-generating random numbers t-test was used for calculating statistical and infectious diseases which have al- from that list. (who.int)
  • In order to check that a parametric model provides acceptable tail approx- imations, we present a test which compares the parametric estimate of an extreme upper quantile with its semiparametric estimate obtained by extreme value theory. (123dok.net)
  • Distribution data supplied by the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS). (marlin.ac.uk)
  • While their current distribution is similar to their historic range, southwestern willow flycatcher population numbers have declined precipitously in response to the loss of suitable riparian habitat throughout the region. (nps.gov)
  • Each dorsal root contains the input from all the structures within the distribution of its corresponding body segment (ie, somite). (medscape.com)
  • A mortality rate statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions in the different populations. (cdc.gov)
  • It enables us to extrapolate the distribution tail behavior from the largest observed data (the extreme values of the sample). (123dok.net)
  • The lower-97% curve is an example of exponential behavior, while the upper-3% curve is an example of a power-law behavior. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The female is quite different from the male, being mostly grey-brown with a pale buff wing stripe, and a mostly white outer tail feather. (birdsinbackyards.net)
  • An additional eight species of Bbsl have been identified in Ixodes species ticks in the US, but their geographic distribution, vector associations, human encounter rates and pathogenicity in humans are poorly defined. (cdc.gov)
  • New hybrid children's neck protection with extended tail for position stability. (alpinestars.com)
  • Bottom and internal soft section (neck side) provides comfort for the shoulders and neck, a hard section on the upper part gives stability and provides force distribution when the helmet impacts. (alpinestars.com)
  • Hynobius ikioi also has a much longer tail than H. stejnegeri , although their medial tail width and height do not differ much. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • Widespread but patchy breeding distribution in temperate and subtropical regions of Europe (north to 66°N in the Baltic Sea), Asia , Africa , North America (north to 62°N in the Great Slave Lake in Northwest Territories), Australia and New Zealand . (birdforum.net)
  • Each firm has smaller volatility of tail dependence after the conversion, except for Plum Creek. (nowpublishers.com)
  • The axolotl belongs to the order Caudata, since it retains its tail in adult life as other salamanders and newts. (torontozoo.com)
  • While parametric inference offers the advantage of closed-form null distributions that can be used to obtain values, it depends on strong assumptions which are not easy to satisfy in practice [ 8 ] and have not been tested extensively [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is cause of the topographical and chemical heterogeneity of the therefore of fundamental importance to obtain a quantitative protein surface, the t-distribution ranges from picoseconds to description of water dynamics in the hydration layer envel- nanoseconds (1,9,10). (lu.se)
  • Oxygen-17 spin relaxation has been used extensively to magnet technology sets an upper limit of ;100 MHz for the study single-molecule rotation in bulk water (2,3) and in the 17O resonance frequency, so the picosecond-nanosecond hydration shells of small organic solutes (4,5) and proteins hydration layer dynamics cannot be resolved directly in the (1,6,7) in dilute aqueous solution. (lu.se)
  • Could we extract information from these kinematic distributions about the dynamics within the hidden sector? (lu.se)
  • Chebyshev's inequality provides an upper bound on the tail probability of a random variable based on its mean and variance. (optimization-online.org)
  • While tight, the inequality has been criticized for only being attained by pathological distributions that abuse the unboundedness of the underlying support and are not considered realistic in many applications. (optimization-online.org)
  • We then study the calibrated model and find that these policies can account for half of the difference between the US and the CEU in overall wage inequality and 84% of the difference in inequality at the upper end (log 90-50 differential). (federalreserve.gov)
  • Second, we show that countries with more progressive income taxes have also experienced a smaller rise in wage inequality over time, and this relationship is especially strong above the median of the wage distribution. (federalreserve.gov)
  • We investigate the reasons for the poor performance of the bootstrap, and find that the major cause is the extreme sensitivity of many inequality indices to the exact nature of the upper tail of the income distribution. (repec.org)
  • Income distribution and inequality measurement: The problem of extreme values ," Journal of Econometrics , Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 1044-1072, December. (repec.org)
  • The bar-tailed lark was originally placed in the genus Melanocorypha. (wikipedia.org)
  • An alternative is to use nonparametric methods such as permutation-based inference to create an empirical null distribution conditional on the observed sample [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Usually breeds annually but can breed twice a year (breeding season varies with geographic distribution). (qld.gov.au)
  • To better understand the geographic distribution and vector associations of Bbsl spirochetes in frequent and infrequent human-biting Ixodes species ticks in the US, we previously screened 29,517 host-seeking I. scapularis or I. pacificus ticks and 692 ticks belonging to eight other Ixodes species for Borrelia spirochetes using a previously described tick testing algorithm that utilizes a combination of real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing for Borrelia species identification. (cdc.gov)
  • The Red-tailed Hawk (Buzzard) is a constant resident in the United States, in every part of which it is found. (audubon.org)
  • In 2018, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated a national tick surveillance program to monitor changes in the distribution and abundance of ticks and the presence and prevalence of human pathogens in them. (cdc.gov)
  • It has a large gaping mouth (ambystoma: ambyx=cup and stoma=mouth) with fine teeth on both upper and lower jaw. (torontozoo.com)
  • The Caspian Tern is the largest tern, measuring 48-56 cm, including its tail. (earthlife.net)
  • function to compute maximum likelihood parameter estimates and to estimate their precision for built-in distributions and custom distributions. (mathworks.com)
  • Simplified methods for the determination of accurate estimates of the 95% upper and lower confidence limits for the simple arithmetic mean and for the sample exceedance fraction for lognormally distributed exposure data were described. (cdc.gov)
  • The bar-tailed lark has a large distribution across North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East and western Asia. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Africa there is a gap in their distribution in the northern third of the continent, coinciding with the Sahara Desert, and this gap extends to Arabia and nearby deserts. (encyclopedia.com)
  • 135 which is similar to the Cauchy distribution. (cern.ch)
  • People are not inanimate molecules and yet through their economic and social "collisions" they too come to have a very similar, and unequal, distribution of incomes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • En los tres contextos, el nivel de elaboración general de las conversaciones fue similar y los niños produjeron una cantidad similar de recuerdos. (bvsalud.org)
  • Parrot with body 37-43cm long (including tail), weight 95-143g (smaller than Alexandrine parakeets). (qld.gov.au)
  • Odeh and Owen confidence limits for a proportion in one tail of the normal distribution were used to determine the exceedance fraction. (cdc.gov)
  • Dobson, Kuulasmaa, Eberle and Scherer (hereafter DKES) introduced confidence limits for weighted sums of Poisson random variables that, unlike the traditional confidence limits based on the normal distribution (see Clayton and Hills), do not require large cell counts. (cdc.gov)
  • 2 where ¸(y) and º (y) are the lower and upper confidence limits, respectively, for the observed y, ½ is the random variable associated with y, is the parameter of interest, and is a vector of nuisance parameters. (cdc.gov)
  • Alternate names for the bar-tailed lark include: bar-tailed finch-lark, black-tailed desert lark, black-tailed lark, and black-tailed sand lark. (wikipedia.org)
  • The upper portion of the forewing is largely black and the outer wing margin has a series of irregular yellow spots. (ufl.edu)
  • The upper hindwing has a red tornal spot and the discal black band is dusted with yellow scales. (ufl.edu)
  • L (p) is the pth quantiles of a distribution with n degrees of freedom. (cdc.gov)
  • degrees_freedom) Number is the probability associated with the two-tailed t-distribution (i.e. twice the number normally given to the tables). (lu.se)
  • Is the financial market driving income distribution? (europa.eu)
  • Moreover, changes in functional income distribution (capital/labour shares) have not been fully transmitted to the distribution of primary income between households because other institutional sectors - particularly the government sector - hold considerable amounts of financial assets. (europa.eu)
  • In this article, the link between financial wealth and pre-tax household income distribution is scrutinised for three European countries using a conceptually fully consistent macro framework. (europa.eu)
  • An expert on statistical mechanics shows that the income distributions for the richest 3 percent and the poorer 97 percent conform to different physics principles. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The graph shows that the actual income distribution (the data coming from the IRS) for the poorer 97% of reported returns follows a type of curve -- the Boltzmann-Gibbs curve -- that applies to the energy distribution of molecules in a gas. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Then, Yakovenko plots the percentage of total income lying in that tail on through the years. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Yakovenko successfully models income distribution pretty well using basic statistical physics. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Previously the upper income bracket (the upper 3%) curve had been pretty well studied, but Yakovenko was one of the first, perhaps the first, to demonstrate that the lower bracket (the lower 97%) was described by the venerable Boltzmann-Gibbs curve developed to represent the spread of energies of molecules in a gas. (sciencedaily.com)
  • He has prepared an updated study of income distributions, for his participation in a celebration (April 20-21) of the career of economist Duncan Foley at the New School for Social Research in New York. (sciencedaily.com)
  • C5-T1 provide motor control for the upper extremities and related muscles. (medscape.com)
  • Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), a negative-sense arbovirus, is increasingly common in the upper Midwest of the USA. (bvsalud.org)
  • We detected B. andersonii in I. dentatus in the Mid-Atlantic and Upper Midwest regions, B. kurtenbachii in I. scapularis in the Upper Midwest, B. bissettiae in I. pacificus and I. spinipalpis in the Northwest, and B. carolinensis in I. affinis in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, and B. lanei in I. spinipalpis in the Northwest. (cdc.gov)
  • Although I. scapularis and I. pacificus are widely distributed in the eastern and western U.S., respectively, pathogen prevalence was estimated predominantly in ticks collected in the Northeast, Ohio Valley, and Upper Midwest regions, where human Lyme disease cases are most commonly reported. (cdc.gov)
  • Borrelia mayonii was identified at very low prevalence with a focal distribution within the Upper Midwest. (cdc.gov)
  • They are generally green over the body, with the bright green underside separated from a darker green upper body by a patch of yellow at the shoulder of the wing. (centennialparklands.com.au)
  • However, H. naevius is larger in body size, and has a longer and less cylindrical tail than H. stejnegeri . (amphibiaweb.org)
  • The main difference is that the outermost tail feather is white, and the next one has only a white edging. (birdsinbackyards.net)
  • Indeed, physics professor Victor Yakovenko is an expert in statistical physics and studies how the flow of money and the distribution of incomes in American society resemble the flow of energy between molecules in a gas. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Tail is long. (qld.gov.au)
  • The southwestern willow flycatcher is a small passerine, or perching bird, less than 15 cm (5.75 in) long from the tip of its bill to the tip of its tail. (nps.gov)
  • The power-law curve is conspicuously different from the exponential curve in having a long tail. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Since we can write the gamma intervals as a simple function of the inverse chi-squared distribution, they are practical to use in any situation. (cdc.gov)
  • It has a blue-green upper colouring and is silvery-white underneath. (marlin.ac.uk)
  • The dorsum is light brown, and has discontinuous brownish-white markings, which tend to fuse on the tail. (amphibiaweb.org)
  • Tail is white-edged. (birdforum.net)
  • Transmitted by a range of mosquito genera, JCV's primary amplifying host is white-tailed deer. (bvsalud.org)
  • He also reiterated the belief that the "intellectual elite" who become tenured professors in the sciences must come from the extreme tails of the distribution of scientific ability. (ubc.ca)
  • We use a branching process transmission model fitted to empirical sexual partnership data in the UK to show that the heavy-tailed nature of the sexual partnership degree distribution, where a small fraction of individuals have disproportionately large numbers of partners, can explain the sustained growth of monkeypox cases among the MSM population despite the absence of such patterns of spread in past outbreaks. (medrxiv.org)
  • This result implies a strong law of large numbers for super-exponentially decaying target distributions with regular contours. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Local government planners, property developers, large businesses and other stakeholders typically require good quality projections of the spatial distribution of the future population at the small-area level. (repec.org)
  • The upper parts are sandy-buff washed with grey, while the underparts are whitish with little if any streaking, and the breast and flanks washed with buff. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in some situations, counts that are zero are not recorded in the data, so fitting a Poisson distribution is not straightforward because of the missing zeros. (mathworks.com)
  • The data looks like a Poisson distribution except it contains no zeros. (mathworks.com)
  • The latter are modelled by probability distributions fitted to data. (123dok.net)
  • More recent data have revealed that over time there has been some decrease in the extent of this concentration at the upper tail of the expenditure distribution. (nih.gov)
  • Global map of species distribution using gridded data. (marlin.ac.uk)
  • The upper caudal keel is more developed and the head larger than in T. asperrimus and T. wenxianensis . (amphibiaweb.org)
  • Just to say i put a threshold of the pdf, which i chose to be pdf of normal distribution at 6 sigma, then anything below the threshold, will be assigned as the threshold's issue. (stackexchange.com)
  • We find that in both the e+e- and the LHC cases the kinematic distributions of the visible particles can be significantly affected by the valley radiation. (lu.se)