Uphill ion transport. Medical search. Frequent questions

Since more sodium ions populate the extracellular space than the cytoplasm, and the cell's interior is more negative, compared to its environment, the transporter-bound sodium ions are moving down their electrochemical gradient. (jove.com)
One of the cotransported substrates (the driving substrate) always moves across the membrane in a direction that dissipates its electrochemical gradient, established directly or indirectly by primary active transport. (biologists.com)
Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) catalyses uphill transport of bile acids using the electrochemical gradient of Na+ as the driving force. (bvsalud.org)

Absorption of glucose from the intestinal lumen in humans, absorption of amino acids across the lining of intestines, outward movement of calcium ions from cardiac muscle cells are some of the other examples of active transport in living beings. (aakash.ac.in)

Moving water uphill requires energy, but it flows downhill very easily. (blogspot.com)
They drove along a portion of a dirt test track near the second facility which had a slight "uphill" slope before abruptly changing to a steep "downhill" slope. (cdc.gov)
As the victim's ATV travelled across the point where the slope changed from uphill to downhill, he lost control of the vehicle and it overturned. (cdc.gov)
While climbing uphill we fight against the force of gravity and thus it requires more energy whereas climbing downhill can be achieved without using extra energy. (aakash.ac.in)
While movement of molecules from their region of high concentration to their region of low concentration, that is, downhill movement is easy and does not require energy, the uphill movement from low concentration to high concentration comes at a price. (aakash.ac.in)
The brakes, together with the precise gear shifter make for perfect performance both uphill and downhill. (econicone.us)
Dual Brakes & Gear Shift System： With front and rear disc brakes and 21-speed transmission system, 3-Speed Chainwheel, 7-Speed Freewheel, uphill and downhill, slow, constant speed, speed up, all can be satisfied. (cyberquadsales.com)
Whether moving cross-country, uphill or downhill, the specially designed light pattern and adjustable lamp head ensures precise short-range and long-range illumination of the trail at all times. (ledlenser.ae)

This discussion focuses on three major uses of ATP: the generation of ion gradients, biosynthesis, and movement. (what-when-how.com)
As much as 75% of cellular ATP may be consumed simply to generate and maintain ion gradients. (what-when-how.com)
The Na+/K+ -ATPase of animal cells uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move three Na+ ions out of the cells and two K+ ions in, which results in the generation of ion gradients and a membrane potential. (what-when-how.com)
Although primary and secondary active transport both rely on cell membrane proteins, the latter utilizes energy stored in ions' electrochemical gradients, not ATP, to power these proteins and shift molecules, like glucose, into cells, against gradients. (jove.com)
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. (jove.com)
Primary active transport involves conversion of energy stored in readily oxidized, reduced or hydrolyzed chemical bonds into electrochemical gradients of solutes, usually protons ( Nelson, 1994 ) or other cations, across membranes. (biologists.com)
The main subjects of this volume are the molecular devices that use the energy stored in the ion gradients generated by primary active transport to redistribute the actively transported ions, as well as many of the other organic and inorganic solutes of intracellular and extracellular fluids, across the membranes of cells and organelles. (biologists.com)

Since three positively charged ions are exported, but only two imported, the Na+/K+ -ATPase is electrogenic. (what-when-how.com)
This exposes two negatively charged sodium binding sites to the environment, which are then bound by positively charged sodium ions. (jove.com)

Both channels and pumps are ion transporters which move ions across membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Diseases involving ion pumps can produce symptoms similar to channelopathies, as they both involve the movement of ions across membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Passive transport is the moving of biochemicals across membranes of cells without the use of chemical energy. (wikibooks.org)
Plasma membranes of all higher organisms contain enzymes that are embedded in the membrane that act as ion pumps. (what-when-how.com)

after a bumpy auto ride uphill, we reach our camp in shivpuri. (docdivatraveller.com)
Expect the scooter to climb uphill or traverse bumpy roads easily. (mobilityparadise.com)

Template: ATPase disorders (ion pumps) Ion transporter Kim JB (January 2014). (wikipedia.org)
The short answer is "No," there isn't any risk in shipping electric vehicles as you send it through a reliable and expert transporter like OW auto transport. (owautotransport.com)
At the opposite end of the transporter spectrum from uniporters are the molecular devices that carry out primary active transport. (biologists.com)

All cells need to acquire the molecules and ions that they need from their surrounding extracellular fluid. (wikibooks.org)

Channelopathies are a group of diseases caused by the dysfunction of ion channel subunits or their interacting proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The transport may be active transport by carrier proteins with an energy source, or it may be facilitated diffusion or passive transport via channels. (wikibooks.org)
The plasma membrane contains specific proteins that mediate the transport of these molecules in a manner that is obligatorily linked to the cotransport of Na+. (what-when-how.com)
It is the mode of transport which involves the expenditure of cellular energy and is often carried out against a concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentration) with the help of special membrane or carrier proteins. (aakash.ac.in)

One protein that exemplifies secondary active transport is Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 1. (jove.com)
The sodium ions then detach and enter the cytoplasm. (jove.com)
The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na + ), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. (jove.com)
A very common ATPase driven ion pump found universally in all animal cells is the sodium-potassium pump, which helps in the maintenance of membrane potential of the cells. (aakash.ac.in)
It helps to move three sodium ions out of the cell in exchange of every two potassium ions that is brought into the cell by directly utilising energy in the form of ATP. (aakash.ac.in)

Active transport requires the expenditure of energy while passive transport does not require energy and is driven by concentration gradient. (aakash.ac.in)

The systems, which pump water to uphill reservoirs to store energy, then release it to generate electricity, have been estimated to account for 97% of the world's connected energy storage. (imeche.org)
Pumped hydro systems store energy by operating the turbine/generator in reserve to pump water uphill or into an elevated vessel when inexpensive energy is available. (csanyigroup.com)

When a battery discharges through a connected load, electrically charged ions in the electrolyte that are near one of the cell's electrodes supply electrons (oxidation) while ions near the cell's other electrode accept electrons (reduction), to complete the process. (csanyigroup.com)

This process added extra weight to the battery and made it difficult to model the movement of Li-ions and electrons through the mixture. (sciencedaily.com)

Daniel Abraham, a scientist at Argonne National Laboratory leading research into how lithium-ion cells degrade, compared this process to water in a hydropower system. (blogspot.com)
The battery system has been designed for maximum efficiency and reliability and the advanced lithium-ion cells ensure long battery life. (cyrusher.com)

There exists an exchange of molecules and ions in and out of the cell wall, as well as in and out of membrane-bounded intracellular compartments such as the nucleus, ER, and mitrochondria. (wikibooks.org)
Understanding free energy is the heart of understanding how molecules are transported and/or behave in a concentration gradient. (wikibooks.org)
When ΔG is positive the transport is active, an input of energy is needed to move a molecule up a concentration gradient, contrary to ΔG being negative the transport is passive, which means that such molecules will pass through a membrane down their own gradient, simple diffusion. (wikibooks.org)
The cellular energy used in active transport helps to move the molecules against any sort of resistance as is posed by a negative concentration gradient or the polar repulsion between the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and hydrophilic substances to be transported across it. (aakash.ac.in)
Active transport helps in the accumulation of high concentrations of ions and molecules that the cell needs. (aakash.ac.in)
The type of active transport that uses chemical energy in the form of ATP for transporting molecules across a membrane is known as primary or direct active transport. (aakash.ac.in)

Because the heartbeat is dependent on the proper movement of ions across the surface membrane, cardiac channelopathies make up a key group of heart diseases. (wikipedia.org)

In a typical lithium-ion battery, we'll find a cathode, or positive electrode, made out of a lithium-metal oxide, such as lithium cobalt oxide. (blogspot.com)
To use colloidal nanoparticles for the electrodes, it had been necessary to combine them with carbon-based conductive materials for enhancing charge transport, as well as polymeric binders to stick the particles together and to the electrode substrate, Robinson said. (sciencedaily.com)

The energy needed for the active transport of ions across the plasma membrane is provided by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi. (what-when-how.com)
Although Na+ flux is the immediate source of energy for the active transport in Na+-linked transporters, it is important to keep in mind that the ultimate energy source is ATP hydrolysis by the Na+/K+-ATPase. (what-when-how.com)

FIGURE 12 Some ion pumps in the plasma membrane. (what-when-how.com)
Active transport helps in moving metal ions, such as Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ across the cell membrane with the help of ion pumps or ion channels. (aakash.ac.in)

I can't believe that some li-ion 18650 cells are achieving 1100 cycles these days. (endless-sphere.com)

The process or movement of any molecule or ion moving down or up a concentration gradient requires a change in free energy. (wikibooks.org)
Assuming a membrane potential of -50 mV and a 100-fold Na+ concentration gradient, the flow of Na+ would liberate about 3.8 kcal/mol at 25°C. This exergonic flow of Na+ provides the energy needed for the active transport of the amino acid or carbohydrate. (what-when-how.com)
It's cotransported with the ions into the cell but against its concentration gradient. (jove.com)
But, if the cell sap already has a high concentration of solutes, then how does it absorb more mineral ions which are also essential for plant growth? (aakash.ac.in)
Mineral ions are absorbed from the soil by the root hair cells, against their concentration gradient, by the process of active transport and utilisation of energy. (aakash.ac.in)

During charging, an electric current forces lithium ions to move from the cathode to the anode. (blogspot.com)
During discharging (in other words, when you use the battery), ions move back to the cathode. (blogspot.com)
Nanoparticles have been extensively investigated as an active cathode and anode in lithium-ion batteries -- common components of electronic devices -- because they can enhance the batteries' electrochemical properties. (sciencedaily.com)

The electrogenic ion pump in the plasma membrane of animal cells is the Na+/K+-ATPase. (what-when-how.com)
Indirectly, the Na+/K+ -ATPase provides the energy for the active transport of amino acids and some carbohydrates into cells. (what-when-how.com)

It is highly suited for riding on pavement at speed, and it can be used on uphill roads. (electricbikeparadise.com)

Mutations in genes encoding ion channels, which impair channel function, are the most common cause of channelopathies. (wikipedia.org)
There are more than 400 genes that encode ion channels, found in all human cell types and are involved in almost all physiological processes. (wikipedia.org)

The energetically uphill translocation of the driven substrate has led some workers to refer to cotransport as secondary active transport. (biologists.com)

Batteries, such as Tesla's 100MW lithium-ion 'mega battery' in South Australia , are the best-known large-scale electricity storage technology. (imeche.org)
In a market where all the popular attention is given to lithium-ion batteries - courtesy of Tesla's very high public profile - adopting a different chemistry might seem high risk. (solarquotes.com.au)

Shimano 21-speed gears (3 front teeth, 7 rear flywheels) with 36V 10.4Ah Li-ion battery, flash charge 4-5h, you can get 25-40Miles (with pedal assist)/19MPH extremely long mileage. (cyberquadsales.com)
The motor helps you pedal, so it's easier to go uphill, against wind, and over long distances. (diirt.net)
This makes it easier to pedal uphill and against the wind. (diirt.net)

At 25° (298K), ΔG is +11.4 kJ mol −1 (+2.7 kcal mol −1 ), indicating that this transport process requires an input of energy. (wikibooks.org)
Like moving water uphill, it requires energy to take lithium atoms out of the oxide and load them into the anode. (blogspot.com)
Energy consumption is also set to rise globally thanks to growing populations, increasing industrialisation in developing nations and electrification of transport. (imeche.org)
The price paid is in terms of cellular energy and such a mode of transport is known as active transport. (aakash.ac.in)
Primary active transport can also use energy obtained from redox reactions and photons (light) for carrying out transport. (aakash.ac.in)
He believes the levellised cost of energy out of Gelion batteries - that is, accounting for whole-of-life costs such as disposal, the air conditioning a large lithium installation needs, the cost of transport and so on - will be significantly lower than large lithium. (solarquotes.com.au)
Powered by four lithium-ion batteries, its two AC synchronous electric machines provide power for the vehicle and recovering regenerative energy with permanent magnet technology delivering maximum power of 370 kW peak, continuous power of 260 kW and maximum torque of 850Nm. (fleet.ie)
Higher-power motor parameters can convert more kinetic energy, resulting in faster acceleration and better performance when riding uphill. (cyrusher.com)
Combined with the energy consumption for transport and storage, the CO2 emissions are huge. (ledlenser.ae)

however, recent research has shown that in some ion transporters, it is not always clear whether it functions as a channel or a pump. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, Polymicrogyria has been associated with the channel gene SCN3A and the pump gene ATP1A3, among other genes that are not ion transporters. (wikipedia.org)

In physiology, transport that is thermodynamically uphill is termed active transport to distinguish it from the spontaneous flow of ions down their electrochemical potential. (what-when-how.com)
Primary active transport is the subject matter of many books (e.g. (biologists.com)
What are active transport? (aakash.ac.in)
In this article we will learn more about active transport. (aakash.ac.in)
Let us try to understand the process of active transport in detail. (aakash.ac.in)
Here, the process of active transport comes into the picture. (aakash.ac.in)

Due to their less weight, the Li-ion golf cart batteries enhance the speed of your product and increase the carrying capacity. (melasta.com)

A lithium-ion battery can be fully charged in just 2-3 hours, while a lead-acid battery can take 8 hours to reach the same charge level.Maintenance-free: Lithium-ion batteries are maintenance-free, meaning they do not require regular maintenance such as topping up with distilled water or equalizing charges like lead-acid batteries. (jksfinancial.info)

And an electrolyte, made of organic solvents and lithium-based salts, allows for the transport of lithium ions within the cell. (blogspot.com)
As shown in Fig. 12, three Na+ ions are transported out of the cell and two K+ ions are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed. (what-when-how.com)
The imbalance in the Na+ and K+ concentrations between the inside and the outside of the plant cell is maintained by other mechanisms that include exchange transport of Na+ for H+. (what-when-how.com)
Transport of substances into and out of the cell is very crucial for the survival of the cell. (aakash.ac.in)
The transport of substances across the cell membrane can either be active or passive. (aakash.ac.in)
When flow batteries are charging or discharging, the electrolyte is transported (i.e., pumped) between the electrolyte container and the cell stack. (csanyigroup.com)

The HalloMotor 5000W FC-1 excelled with every electric bike uphill research we threw at it, thanks to the integrated 5000-watt electric motor. (gadgetreview.com)

The longer answer, which will take us through a description of unwanted chemical reactions, corrosion, the threat of high temperatures and other factors affecting performance, begins with an explanation of what happens in a rechargeable lithium-ion battery when everything's working well. (blogspot.com)
Whether they are utilizing their golf cart at a school, for campus security, as an emergency treatment automobile at an outdoor event, or for transport in small towns, Li-ion technology provides the very best performance. (melasta.com)
Materials scientists have developed a simple, robust way to fabricate carbon-free and polymer-free, lightweight colloidal films for lithium-ion battery electrodes, which could greatly improve battery performance. (sciencedaily.com)
The lithium electric pallet trucks are powered by lithium-ion batteries instead of conventional technology, giving better performance and more extended runs. (url-shortener.info)

For charged species, an electrical potential is generated by an unequal distribution of ion charges across the membrane because "like" charges will be repelled. (wikibooks.org)
Ζ: Electrical charge of the transported species. (wikibooks.org)

If possible, remove the battery pack and the display from your bike before transport. (koga.com)
Change to a lower gear when cycling into the wind or cycling uphill, as you would with a bike without assistance. (koga.com)
Batteries are designed to seamlessly integrate into the bike frame and are removable for easy charging or transport. (econicone.us)
Ahooga folding bike with a 24V engine is your perfect campanion when riding uphill. (bleeperactive.com)

The soaring demand for cobalt, a key component of lithium-ion batteries, can often be dependent on miners who work in harsh conditions in Africa, which is where 60% of the world's supply of cobalt is sourced. (teknion.com)

It has an electromagnetic shifter that automatically changes ratios and a boost that helps you travel uphill. (techadreviews.com)
It is faster than the competition and can travel uphill. (mobilityparadise.com)
Electric bicycles are an excellent choice for transport in the city because you can travel to your destination faster than using a car in highly-congested traffic. (electricbikeparadise.com)

Nelson and Lill, 1994 ) the decision as to whether they are symporters or antiporters depends upon the direction of translocation, relative to that of the primary driving ion, of the substrate of greatest physiological importance. (biologists.com)

On the motorway, under cruise control, and when driving uphill, a constant speed can be maintained without the need to downshift. (fleet.ie)

This motor provides assistance when pedaling, making it much easier to ride uphill, against the wind, or over long distances. (towcla.com)

Decreasing the weight of your golf cart makes it much easier for the users to drive it uphill or on a tough surface. (melasta.com)
These jacks can work smoothly on every type of surface and will let you transport your pallets easily across locations. (jksfinancial.info)

From 650kg to 44 tonne, Renault Trucks will present its extensive vehicle line-up at this year's Expo, as well as its strategic commitment to decarbonising transport through cutting-edge technology and pioneering innovations aligned with the industry's critical sustainability goals. (fleet.ie)
Only e-bikes that have a rear-wheel motor with ION technology occasionally need to be calibrated. (koga.com)

The PCs, especially laptops, have an uphill fight against these beasts. (medium.com)

Though the Samsung lithium-ion battery pack can get around 31 miles on a single charge, the charger is fairly slow, taking around six to seven hours to reach a maximum charge. (gadgetreview.com)

A rich list of Li-ion golf cart batteries is readily available to match all your requirements. (melasta.com)
Lithium-ion golf cart batteries can be charged to 80 % capacity in just an hr. (melasta.com)
Lithium-ion batteries are almost 0.5 the size of lead-acid batteries and about 1/3 the weight. (melasta.com)
Lithium-ion batteries have potential to burst into flames in different gadgets. (owautotransport.com)
Right now, it looks to the lay observer like the battery market is consolidating around lithium-ion batteries, but Grimes says that's a misconception. (solarquotes.com.au)
While lithium-ion is the ideal battery for EVs, grid-scale batteries are better suited to technologies that scale up but use cheap materials (like zinc-bromine batteries). (solarquotes.com.au)
And the lithium-ion batteries used in Teslas, iPhones and laptops have been used commercially for over thirty years. (teknion.com)
For example, lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries are used in diverse medical devices such as pacemakers, external defibrillators, surgical tools, back-up monitoring systems and powered prosthetics and orthotics. (teknion.com)
Faster charging: Lithium-ion batteries can be charged much faster than lead-acid batteries. (jksfinancial.info)
Because of their light weight and long operating times, lithium-ion batteries are the most preferred choice. (diirt.net)
Familiar electrochemical batteries include nickel-cadmium (NiCad), lithium-ion (Li-ion, and others. (csanyigroup.com)
Quality lithium ion pallet jack provider: Faster charging: Lithium-ion batteries can be charged much faster than lead-acid batteries. (url-shortener.info)

Renault Trucks has announced that the full depth and breadth of its offering, including the latest electric E-Tech vehicles and its most fuel-efficient diesel range yet, will be on show at the Road Transport Expo (28-30 June, NAEC Stoneleigh). (fleet.ie)
Furthermore, customer vehicles and other specialist vehicles from the Renault Trucks range will be on display on stands around the Road Transport Expo event. (fleet.ie)
Our powerful li-ion battery boasts 60 miles of range and fully charges in just 7 hours (4 hours with a Super Charger). (econicone.us)
The scooter comes with a large 23.4 amp/hour lithium-ion battery that gives it an incredible range. (mobilityparadise.com)

The Institute is located right down the street from the Botanical Garden, if you arrive from uphill (city entrance from Sibiu, Târgu Mures) or right before the Botanical Garden, on the same street, if you arrive from the city centre. (breastcentresnetwork.org)

The short answer is that damage from extended exposure to high temperatures and a lot of charging and discharging cycles eventually starts to break down the process of the lithium ions traveling back and forth between electrodes. (blogspot.com)
Powering our electric bicycle is a high-capacity 48V 13Ah lithium-ion battery. (hotebike.com)

Or you just want to pick up a suitable transport for your family, make traveling and commuting easier for your family. (cyberquadsales.com)

You can also bring the scooter in the car or public transport. (mobilityparadise.com)
Or, carry it with you on public transport to use elsewhere. (mobilityparadise.com)
At home, as well as at work, I have 2x4K LG monitors so I prefer the MPB 14 inch since is more portable during my commute from home to work with public transport. (medium.com)
Without any hassle, it can be taken on any form of private or public transport, allowing greater distance and/or instant adaptation to the weather. (bleeperactive.com)

Anatomy48

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care1

Electrochemical gradient3

Calcium ions1

Downhill8

Gradients7

Positively charged2

Membranes4

Bumpy2

Transporter3

Extracellular1

Proteins4

Sodium5

Passive transport1

Pump water2

Cell's1

Electrons1

Lithium-ion cells2

Molecules6

Cardiac1

Electrode2

Hydrolysis2

Pumps2

186501

Concentration5

Cathode3

ATPase2

Roads1

Channels2

Secondary Active Tr1

Tesla's2

Pedal3

Energy9

Transporters2

Active transport6

Carrying capacity1

Water1

Cell6

Electric bike1

Performance4

Electrical2

Bike4

Dependent1

Travel3

19941

Constant speed1

Ride1

Surface2

Technology2

Fight1

Charge1

Batteries12

Range4

City1

High2

Easier1

Public4