Chemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
Gallium IsotopesGalliumGallium RadioisotopesIsotopesIsotope LabelingNitrogen IsotopesOxygen IsotopesCarbon Isotopes
DecayStable isotopeRadioisotopesRadioactive isotopeAtomsRadiationPeriodic tableGermaniumChemistryIndiumAntimonyAstatineChemicallyUndergoInsolubleAbundancesPositronOxidationSpecificityChlorineAtomUraniumDecaysSeleniumPlutoniumAtomic massCopperArsenicAbundanceNeutronNuclear energyMassHydrogenCommonlyRatioElementProduceMetallicHighNaturalMetalMedicalTreatProductionFoundHalf
Decay9
  • Radioactive atoms are unstable atoms that decay by characteristic half-lives, and their decay involves the release of energy in the form of a gamma, X-ray, or a particle such as a positron (a positive electron), beta (electron) or alpha particle (Helium atom). (atlasofscience.org)
  • Starting [3] from Ni58 which is the more abundant isotope, we can obtain as described in the two above processes Copper formation and its successive decay in Nickel, producing Ni59, Ni60, Ni61 and Ni62. (journal-of-nuclear-physics.com)
  • Isotopes lighter than the stable isotopes primarily undergo beta plus decay to isotopes of arsenic, and isotopes heavier than the stable isotopes undergo beta minus decay to isotopes of bromine, with some minor neutron emission branches in the heaviest known isotopes. (w3we.com)
  • Unstable isotopes of cerium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. (nih.gov)
  • The radioactive decay can produce a stable nuclide or will sometimes produce a new unstable radionuclide which may undergo further decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cu-64 (half-life 12.7 hours) is a versatile isotope exhibiting beta-plus and beta-minus decay . (openmedscience.com)
  • In chemistry, Indium Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes of Indium (In) that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • Nuclei on both sides of the line of stability exist, but they are unstable and they will decay towards the line of stability. (lu.se)
  • The decay of radon produces many other short-lived nuclides , known as "radon daughters", ending at stable isotopes of lead . (knowpia.com)
Stable isotope5
  • The most stable isotope, Ac-227, has a half-life of 217 years. (ontologyportal.org)
  • Am-243 is the most stable isotope, with a half-life of 7.95*10^3 years. (ontologyportal.org)
  • Plutonium is the heaviest primordial element by virtue of its most stable isotope , plutonium-244 , whose half-life of about 80 million years is just long enough for the element to be found in trace quantities in nature. (infogalactic.com)
  • The lightest stable isotope of germanium is 70Ge, and thus 62Ge is far from stability. (lu.se)
  • Its most stable isotope , 222 Rn , has a half-life of only 3.8 days, making it one of the rarest elements. (knowpia.com)
Radioisotopes3
  • Radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) are isotopes that have an unstable nucleus, due to the nuclei having too many protons or an unstable ratio of protons and neutrons. (ukessays.com)
  • Unstable elements with atomic numbers greater than 83 that exist in nature solely as radioisotopes. (uchicago.edu)
  • In chemistry, unstable Calcium Isotopes are called calcium radioisotopes . (wellnessadvantage.com)
Radioactive isotope2
  • The half - life is the parameter indicating the time it takes to disintegrate half of the mass of a radioactive isotope. (examplespedia.com)
  • A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
Atoms5
  • Isotopes are atoms in an element that have different atomic mass but the same atomic number, Due to this they have the same number of protons which gives them identical chemical properties but different number of neutrons that gives them unique physical properties. (ukessays.com)
  • The stable isotopes are atoms of the same element that have extra neutrons but need not give off energy or particles to remain in balance. (examplespedia.com)
  • Ce atoms with atomic weights 132-135, 137, 139, and 141-148 are radioactive cerium isotopes. (nih.gov)
  • Cs atoms with atomic weights of 123, 125-132, and 134-145 are radioactive cesium isotopes. (ucdenver.edu)
  • In chemistry, Calcium Isotopes are isotopes of stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium (Ca) , but differ in the atomic weight. (wellnessadvantage.com)
Radiation3
  • Applied Radiation and Isotopes. (atlasofscience.org)
  • The radioactive isotopes are altered over time, emitting radiation in the form of alpha rays (helium nuclei), beta rays (electrons or positrons energy and speed) or gamma (high frequency energy of the electromagnetic spectrum). (examplespedia.com)
  • It allows for targeted radiation therapy , where the isotope delivers beta radiation directly to cancer cells, minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissues. (openmedscience.com)
Periodic table3
  • It is a member of group 13 on the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between its vertical neighbours gallium and thallium. (wikipedia.org)
  • relative atomic mass calculations how to calculate the relative atomic mass The atomic mass listed for an element on the periodic table is an average mass of all known isotopes of that element. (schconsultores.com)
  • 2. Besides gallium, which other elements have since been discovered that were left by Mendeleev in his Periodic Table? (free-education.in)
Germanium1
  • Germanium-68 ( 68 Ge) has a half-life of 271 days, and decays to Gallium-68 ( 68 Ga) with a half-life of 68 minutes. (atlasofscience.org)
Chemistry1
  • Edexcel, OCR 21st century, Gateway science GCSE 9-1 chemistry examinations, On other pages relative atomic mass calculations) A level AND all their isotopes are highly radioactive and most are at O level chemistry a good website for free questions on Calculations of % composition of isotopes. (schconsultores.com)
Indium5
  • Indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium, and it is largely intermediate between the two in terms of its properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like gallium, indium is able to wet glass. (wikipedia.org)
  • The density of indium, 7.31 g/cm3, is also greater than gallium, but lower than thallium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indium is rather basic in aqueous solution, showing only slight amphoteric characteristics, and unlike its lighter homologs aluminium and gallium, it is insoluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. (wikipedia.org)
Antimony1
Astatine1
  • Bombardment of the bismuth isotope 209 83 Bi with α-particles (helium nuclei, 4 2 He) results in formation of shortlived astatine and neutrons. (webelements.com)
Chemically1
  • This isotope is then chemically separated from the target material, producing a pure form of Cu-64, ready for medical use. (openmedscience.com)
Undergo1
  • Thermal neutron and 10 B interactions yield unstable 11 B isotopes that undergo nuclear reactions to produce highly active 7 Li (175 keV/μm) and 4 He particles (150 keV/μm), along with gamma rays (Figure 1 ) [ 4 ]. (thno.org)
Insoluble1
  • Citric acid is added to the 68 Ge solution to prevent the formation of insoluble gallium species [Ga(OH) 3 ], and the pH is raised to ~12.5 with sodium hydroxide. (atlasofscience.org)
Abundances1
  • Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top Home Questions Tags Users Unanswered Calculate the molar fraction of a mixture component given … If a mass spectrum of the element was given, the relative percentage isotope abundances are usually presented as a vertical bar graph. (schconsultores.com)
Positron2
  • SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography , but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower. (lookformedical.com)
  • A second use of 68 Ge / 68 Ga is in the calibration of Positron Emission Tomography cameras which are used to image positron emitting isotopes on the radiopharmaceuticals. (atlasofscience.org)
Oxidation1
  • Thallium (indium's heavier homolog) shows an even stronger effect, causing oxidation to thallium(I) to be more probable than to thallium(III), whereas gallium (indium's lighter homolog) commonly shows only the +3 oxidation state. (wikipedia.org)
Specificity1
  • Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human body, radioactive isotopes of iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer . (wikipedia.org)
Chlorine1
Atom2
  • In isotopes, these give the atom a greater atomic mass (A), a property that is calculated with protons and neutrons. (examplespedia.com)
  • These agents form a stable complex with the copper isotope, ensuring that the radioactive atom remains securely attached to the targeting molecule until it reaches the desired location in the body. (openmedscience.com)
Uranium3
  • Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. (viking.nu)
  • Due to the short half-life of all its isotopes, its natural occurrence is limited to tiny traces of the fleeting polonium-210 (with a half-life of 138 days) in uranium ores , as it is the penultimate daughter of natural uranium-238 . (wikizero.com)
  • Since thorium and uranium are two of the most common radioactive elements on Earth, while also having three isotopes with half-lives on the order of several billion years, radon will be present on Earth long into the future despite its short half-life. (knowpia.com)
Decays1
  • it decays directly to its stable daughter isotope , 206 Pb . (wikizero.com)
Selenium1
Plutonium1
Atomic mass1
  • relative atomic mass of an element for gcse how to calculate the % composition of isotopes in an element given its arithmetical algebra. (schconsultores.com)
Copper8
  • Copper radiopharmaceuticals represent a fascinating and rapidly evolving area in the field of nuclear medicine , leveraging the unique properties of copper isotopes in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications. (openmedscience.com)
  • Copper, a transition metal, has emerged as a critical element in nuclear medicine due to its isotopic diversity and the unique properties of each isotope. (openmedscience.com)
  • The isotopes Copper-64 (Cu-64), Copper-67 (Cu-67), and Copper-61 (Cu-61) are particularly significant for their applications in medical diagnostics and treatment. (openmedscience.com)
  • The distinct physical properties of these copper isotopes - Cu-64 versatility in both imaging and therapy , Cu-67 targeted therapeutic applications, and Cu-61 role in fast-paced diagnostic imaging - underscore the significant potential of copper in advancing nuclear medicine. (openmedscience.com)
  • Their diverse applications enhance diagnostic accuracy and open new avenues for personalised and effective treatment strategies, illustrating the transformative impact of copper isotopes in medical science. (openmedscience.com)
  • The production and utilisation of copper isotopes, particularly in nuclear medicine, is a complex and technologically advanced process. (openmedscience.com)
  • Copper isotopes such as Cu-64, Cu-67, and Cu-61 are typically produced in cyclotrons or nuclear reactors, employing sophisticated techniques to create these medically valuable substances. (openmedscience.com)
  • This involves attaching the copper isotope to a molecule that specifically targets cells or receptors in the body. (openmedscience.com)
Arsenic2
  • Arsenic has only one naturally occurring isotope, arsenic-75. (sciences360.com)
  • Arsenic-75 is stable but there have been a number of unstable isotopes made with mass numbers which range from 60 to 92. (sciences360.com)
Abundance1
  • To calculate percentage abundance, we must first know the fractional abundance of each isotope. (schconsultores.com)
Neutron1
  • In nuclear industry boron is commonly used as a neutron absorber due to the high neutron cross-section of isotope 10B. (periodic-table.org)
Nuclear energy1
Mass2
  • percentage (%) of each isotope of an element in order to accurately mass of an element to help revise gcse If x and y were linearly correlated, we would expect all the points to fall on a straight line passing through the centroid. (schconsultores.com)
  • 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 isotope (12C). (schconsultores.com)
Hydrogen1
  • During the leaching process hydrogen peroxide and 4 M hydrochloric acid are repeatedly used to recover 68 Ge and 65 Zn from the liquefied gallium. (atlasofscience.org)
Commonly1
  • Lutetium-177 (Lu-177) and Gallium 68 (Ga-68) have both seen major uses in the medical industry in the last decade and can be commonly seen in usage together. (ukessays.com)
Ratio1
  • During the irradiation of natural gallium, Zinc-65 ( 65 Zn) is coproduced in a ratio of ~4 to 1 of 68 Ge to 65 Zn. (atlasofscience.org)
Element2
Produce3
  • The compound gallium arsenide can produce laser light directly from electricity. (sciences360.com)
  • Though longer-lived isotopes exist, such as the 125.2 years half-life of polonium-209, they are much more difficult to produce. (wikizero.com)
  • Nuclear interactions of ions accelerated at the surface of flaring stars can produce fresh isotopes in stellar atmospheres. (wikiversity.org)
Metallic1
  • The boiling point is 2072 °C (3762 °F), higher than that of thallium, but lower than gallium, conversely to the general trend of melting points, but similarly to the trends down the other post-transition metal groups because of the weakness of the metallic bonding with few electrons delocalized. (wikipedia.org)
High2
  • Both gallium isotopes have a high "cross section" to capture the proton and be converted to 68 Ge. (atlasofscience.org)
  • These tracers are enriched with Boron-10 ( 10 B) isotopes because of their high interaction cross-sections of 3,837 barns with thermal neutrons [ 3 ]. (thno.org)
Natural4
  • The gallium target contains approximately 65 grams of natural gallium of which only a small amount of the gallium is converted to microgram quantities of 68 Ge. (atlasofscience.org)
  • The purification of 68 Ge involves a three step process: leaching to remove 68 Ge from the bulk of the natural gallium, an anion ion exchange resin to capture 65 Zn and a Sephadex © G25 resin to purify 68 Ge from residual natural gallium. (atlasofscience.org)
  • 95% of 68 Ge is removed from the gallium metal and from 0.5-3.5grams of natural gallium is present in the pooled leached solutions. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Based on the observation of the long-lived isotopes of roentgenium, 261 Rg and 265 Rg (Z = 111, t 1/2 ≥ 10 8 y) in natural Au, an experiment was performed to enrich Rg in 99.999% Au. (wikiversity.org)
Metal1
Medical1
  • The isotope pair is used to make a medical isotope generator that separates 68 Ga from 68 Ge, and the pure 68 Ga can be used in radiopharmaceuticals. (atlasofscience.org)
Treat1
  • How effective is Luteium-177 and Gallium-68 as theranostics to treat neuroendocrine tumours? (ukessays.com)
Production1
  • The proton beam passes through a target stack containing: rubidium chloride targets for production of Strontium-82 at proton energies from 42-90 MeV then a gallium target for production of 68 Ge at proton energies less than 40 MeV. (atlasofscience.org)
Found1
  • Some of the radioactive isotopes are not found in nature but are created by mankind in controlled environments such as laboratories. (examplespedia.com)
Half3
  • There are 22 other artificial isotopes, all radioactive and having very short half-lives. (ontologyportal.org)
  • The longest-lived isotope, 210 At, has a half-life of only 8.3 hours. (webelements.com)
  • The 211 At isotope has a half life of just over 7 hours so it is necessary to work quickly with it! (webelements.com)