Undifferentiated progenitor cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Therefore, many authorities suggest pluripotential progenitor cells, such as undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, may be the origin of DFSP, because they have the capacity to differentiate into all 3 cell types. (medscape.com)
At the crypt base, in the vicinity of basal lamina, stem cells are surrounded by mesenchymal cells that are of myofibroblast lineage. (biomedcentral.com)

Figure 3) or PSA-NCAM are markers frequently used for intermediate progenitor cells and early immature neurons (PMID: 29625071). (sanbio.nl)
Primary progenitor cells were obtained from the hippocampi of E17.5 mouse embryos for cell culture, and cell phenotypes were determined by immunocytochemistry using nestin to identify highly undifferentiated cells, ß-III-tubulin to identify neurons, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (ab7260, Abcam) to detect astroglial cells. (confex.com)
Without Hes genes such as Hes1 , however, progenitor cells prematurely differentiate into certain types of neurons only, and are depleted before they have proliferated sufficiently and generated all neuronal and glial cell types. (biologists.com)
which switch cell-fate from motor neurons to oligodendrocytes with time. (colinsbraincancer.com)
We also observed mitotic cells displaying all the features of differentiating motor neurons including axonal projection via the ventral root. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Finally quantification of the incidence of the phenotype in young and more mature neuroepithelium has CCT137690 allowed us to propose that once the transcriptional program assigning neural progenitor cells to a subtype of neurons is set up transgenic cells progress in their program of differentiation regardless of cell cycle exit. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Background Embryonic neural stem cells can either proliferate thereby maintaining a pool of undifferentiated neural progenitor cells or differentiate into neurons or macroglial cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
In the developing nervous system two principal factors determine the fate of the differentiating neurons or glia: the position of the neural progenitor cell within the neuroepithelium and the timing of initiation of its differentiation. (colinsbraincancer.com)
At early CCT137690 developmental phases the ventral neural progenitor cells termed progenitors of engine neurons (pMNs) can create engine neurons while at later on phases they differentiate into oligodendrocytes. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Injected stem cells can also provide immunomodulation, secrete growth factors, and also produce supporting cells that can protect damaged motor neurons from further damage and degeneration. (plexusnc.com)
These cells subsequently give rise to neural stem and progenitor cells which undergo further differentiation to neurons and glia [2]. (liveconscience.com)
CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
We provide detailed protocols for the generation of lentiviral vectors, the transduction of hES-cells, and their differentia- tion into neurons. (lu.se)

NPCs can be differentiated from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but also from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (PMID: 11731782). (sanbio.nl)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) may one day be used as a source of pancreatic progenitor cells and/or b cells for transplantation into patients with type I diabetes mellitus. (rotrf.org)
Progenitor cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in their capacity to differentiate into various cell types. (ddw-online.com)
The need to control differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro presents another set of challenges. (ddw-online.com)
One of the challenges in studying early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is being able to discriminate the initial differentiated cells from the original pluripotent stem cells and their committed progenies. (liveconscience.com)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the ICM of blastocysts are capable of self-renewal in culture indefinitely and meanwhile retain the developmental pluripotency of the embryonic founder cells having the potential to differentiate into all the cells and tissues in a human body [3]. (liveconscience.com)
We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)

WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
The activation of the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase triggers the proliferation of DFSP tumor cells. (medscape.com)
Embryogenesis involves orchestrated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biologists.com)
Embryogenesis depends on the timely proliferation of progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types. (biologists.com)
In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
Conclusion Our findings indicate that maintaining neural progenitor cells in proliferation is insufficient to prevent differentiation or alter cell-fate choice. (colinsbraincancer.com)

Professor Pat Levitt explains that progenitor cells express transcription factors that determine whether the cell becomes a neuron. (cshl.edu)
Professor Pat Levitt describes how progenitor cells can be manipulated to develop into a particular type of neuron. (cshl.edu)
Experiments were also conducted to assess the responses of Tbr2+ cells to neurogenic stimuli, with the goal of understanding how Tbr2+ IPCs contribute to neuron production in the adult DG. (jneurosci.org)
Cycling cells located in the mantle zone do not retain markers of neural progenitor cells such as Sox2 or Olig2 but upregulate transcription factors involved in motor neuron specification including MNR2 and Islet1/2. (colinsbraincancer.com)
I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)

Pediatric cancer treatments such as chemotherapy have recognized toxicity on germline stem cells, which could lead to infertility at adulthood ( 1 , 2 ). (elifesciences.org)
This is surprising, since this pathway is best known for maintaining undifferentiated germline stem cells/ progenitors. (scite.ai)

Stem cells, and in particular human embryonic stem (ES) cells, have earned a reputation for being labour intensive and difficult to grow and control in culture. (ddw-online.com)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)

In the control retina, nestin was found principally in glial structures in the ganglion cell layer, as confirmed by nestin/GFAP immunolabeling. (molvis.org)
Our results confirmed the presence of nestin in glial (e.g., astrocytes), reactive Müller, and endothelial cells. (molvis.org)
After any retinal injury in experimental conditions, glial cells are activated and undergo reactive gliosis with increased an expression level of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), which leads to overgrowth of outer Müller glial cell processes. (molvis.org)
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated neural cells with the capacity for long-term self-renewal and for differentiation into all types of neuronal and glial cells. (sanbio.nl)
Neural progenitors are precursor cells able to further differentiate into various neuronal and glial cells. (sanbio.nl)
I believe that studying the effect of aging in glial cells in normal conditions and in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases will ultimately help us design better therapeutic strategies to slow the progression of devastating diseases like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's. (epigenie.com)
We also found AQP4 expression in a subpopulation of glial radial cells with processes that do not progress radially but, rather, curve following white matter tracts (corpus callosum and fornix), which were considered as glial stem cells (GSC). (biomedcentral.com)

B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
Despite a conserved density of Leydig cells after 30 days of culture (D30), transcript levels of adult Leydig cell and steroidogenic markers were decreased. (elifesciences.org)
In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. (elifesciences.org)
However, obtaining primary neuronal cells from adult tissue is difficult and faces major ethical issues in clinical practice. (hindawi.com)
In this project, we will test the hypothesis that human PDX1+ pancreatic progenitor cells stimulate a less vigorous immune response than normal adult islets by studying the adaptive immune responses to such cells in humanized mice. (rotrf.org)
Transplants of undifferentiated hESC and adult human islets will be studied in parallel. (rotrf.org)
In aim 3, we will examine whether progenitor cells can support the survival and function of a subtherapeutic mass of transplanted adult islets. (rotrf.org)
It is well-described that leptin receptor (LepR) + perivascular stromal cells provide a major source of bone-forming osteoblasts in adult and aged bone marrow. (nature.com)
These Fgfr3-creER -marked endosteal stromal cells contribute to a stem cell fraction in young stages, which is later replaced by Lepr-cre -marked stromal cells in adult stages. (nature.com)
This information will be used to recapitulate similar conditions in vitro and induce the growth of hematopoietic stem cells outside the body from adult endothelial cells. (ca.gov)
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is a highly regulated process that originates from multipotent progenitors in the subgranular zone (SGZ). (jneurosci.org)
In adult mouse hippocampus, Tbr2 protein and Tbr2-GFP (green fluorescent protein) transgene expression were specifically localized to intermediate-stage progenitor cells (IPCs), a type of transit amplifying cells. (jneurosci.org)
suggesting that progenitor cells in the embryonic and adult brain may share similar molecular phenotypes. (jneurosci.org)
The present experiments were designed to determine whether aspects of this TF cascade are conserved in the adult DG and to examine the identity of Tbr2+ cells in the SGZ. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, it is unknown whether endogenous progenitors/stromal cells in the adult human heart could be chemically induced to generate functional atrial or ventricular heart muscle to treat adult heart diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
In the August 15 issue of Genes & Development, a Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) research team describes finding that the protein called merlin, encoded by the NF2 (neurofibromatosis type 2) gene, controls the activity of adult stem cells that give rise to the two major types of liver cells. (vetscite.org)
Blocking the expression of NF2 in the livers of adult mice had minimal effect on the animals unless a portion of the liver was surgically removed, setting off the regeneration process and leading to the same stem cell overproliferation and tumor development. (vetscite.org)
Mesenchymal adult stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, self-renewal, cell-division, signaling, and differentiation properties. (plexusnc.com)
The regeneration is maintained by adult stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Some adult stem cell niches have already been described, but the majority of them remain unclear, including the dental pulp stem cell niches. (bvsalud.org)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)

C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
(A) Lamina-associated domains (LADs), at the nuclear envelope, schematized from analyses of cell populations using genome-wide approaches such as DamID- or ChIP-sequencing. (frontiersin.org)
(B) Analysis of single cells however (e.g., by FISH) indicates that not all LADs mapped in cell populations are found at the nuclear periphery in all cells. (frontiersin.org)
Several significant scientific challenges still confront this potential therapy, including production of functional insulin-producing cells and understanding how the immune system would respond to hESC-derived therapeutic cell populations. (rotrf.org)
The findings provide new insights into the role and importance of exosomes and their targeted gene transcripts, and may help point the way to new drugs or therapies for not just skin diseases, but other disorders in which stem and progenitor cell populations are affected. (scitechdaily.com)
The bone marrow contains various populations of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the stromal compartment, which are important regulators of bone formation. (nature.com)
According to unitarian theory, proposed in 70s, all four cell lineages within the gastrointestinal epithelium are clonal populations derived from a slowly cycling clonogenic stem cells (SC) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)

Erythrocytes are produced in the body by progressive evolution of hematopoietic stem cells into hematopoietic progenitor cells and then erythroblasts. (sciencedaily.com)
Bone marrow stem cells, including the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are being considered as potential targets for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. (hindawi.com)
During this year, we have demonstrated that hematopoietic stem cells are originated from the cells that line the inside of blood vessels, named endothelial cells. (ca.gov)
Budding of hematopoietic stem cells from endothelial cells occurs during a specific and restricted time window during development and progress has been made to elucidate the regulatory genetic networks involved in this process. (ca.gov)
The objective of this proposal was to identify factors that allow blood vessels to generate hematopoietic stem cells early in the embryonic stage. (ca.gov)
We predicted that precise information related to the operational factors in the embryo would allow us to reproduce this process in a petri dish and generate hematopoietic stem cells when needed (situations associated with blood transplantation or cancer). (ca.gov)
In the second year of this proposal, we have made significant progress and identified critical factors that are responsible for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells from the endothelium (inner layer of blood vessels). (ca.gov)
Specifically, we have tested whether forced expression of these genes could induce the generation of hematopoietic stem cells. (ca.gov)
Aberrant activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways has been exhibited in response to the presence of BCR-ABL resulting in accelerated cell cycle progression and inhibition of DNA repair which lead to abnormal maturation and genomic instability of hematopoietic stem cells [5]. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) arises from leukemic transformation and expansion of immature T-cell precursors. (aacrjournals.org)
Professor Pat Levitt describes progenitor cells, which are immature, undifferentiated cells. (cshl.edu)
the more advanced stages are distinguished by the accumulation of undifferentiated immature myeloblast cells. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
The blood vessels constitute a barrier, inhibiting immature blood cells from leaving the bone marrow. (medscape.com)

1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
Collectively, these results indicate the potential for therapeutic alteration of cell fate decisions and pathological gene regulatory networks by GATA4-targeted compounds modulating chamber-specific transcriptional programs in multipotent cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, small molecules capable of influencing the fate decisions and differentiation programs of multipotent progenitor cells could facilitate therapeutic regeneration of lost myocardium. (biomedcentral.com)

The use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hTERT-BMSCs) as vehicles to deliver antinociceptive galanin (GAL) molecules into pain-processing centers represents a novel cell therapy strategy for pain management. (hindawi.com)
Further, Fgfr3 + endosteal stromal cells give rise to aggressive osteosarcoma-like lesions upon loss of p53 tumor suppressor through unregulated self-renewal and aberrant osteogenic fates. (nature.com)
These Fgfr3 + stem/stromal cells with OCT identities are abundant in the young bone marrow and depleted in the old bone marrow, denoting their transitional nature. (nature.com)
Overall, our findings indicate that Fgfr3 + endosteal stem/stromal cells with OCT identities dictate active and aggressive osteogenesis, identifying these cells as an important regulator of long-term bone homeostasis. (nature.com)
Progenitor cell (stem cell) lines in the bone marrow produce new blood cells and stromal cells. (medscape.com)
One type of stem cell is involved in producing blood cells and the other is involved in producing stromal cells, which are responsible for the supporting stroma. (medscape.com)
At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)

Inclusion of fetal bovine serum in stem cell media further contributes to an illdefined culture system. (ddw-online.com)
Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)

In mouse embryos, cells seem prepatterned to become certain cell lineage because the first cleavage plane has been related with further embryonic-abembryonic axis at the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
For example, in the developing nervous system of mouse embryos,progenitor cells proliferate and sequentially give rise to different types of cells by changing their differentiation competency. (biologists.com)

The aims of this article are to review the current knowledge regarding therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure, to discuss recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells, and to summarize the methodological improvement of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treating liver failure. (springer.com)
Studies have increasingly focused on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation for neurological diseases [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
this limitation has been overcome via ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, to produce large quantities of these cells as an attractive source for cellular transplantation [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Restoration of b cell function by hESC-derived PDX1+ cells will also be examined after transplantation of graded doses under the kidney capsule in diabetic mice. (rotrf.org)
This capacity, called "hemogenic" (giving rise to blood) can be extremely advantageous in pathological situations when generation of new blood cells are needed, such as during leukemia or in organ-transplantation. (ca.gov)
The transplantation of progenitor muscle cells in striated skeletal muscle of mdx mice, a model of dystrophin deficiency, is well known to induce the formation of mosaic fibres expressing dystrophin near the site of injection. (pasteur.fr)
They can divide and develop into many specialized cell types in specific organs and/or tissues, and are considered to be ideal for organ transplantation procedures. (plexusnc.com)
We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)
The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)

The have been applied to both the plant and ani- stem cells possess pluripotential charac- mal kingdoms without even stirring a ripple teristics, and can differentiate into various of concern in international conscience [ 2 ]. (who.int)

Symmetric division of NSCs maintains the population of undifferentiated NSCs, while asymmetric division gives rise to neural progenitors. (sanbio.nl)

Although human HSCs as vehicles to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been used to treat patients with early onset MLD in a phase I/II trial, the HSCs give rise to all different blood cell lineages, such as the myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
The common stem cell produces 2 other stem cells, the myeloid stem cell and the lymphoid stem cell. (medscape.com)

During the differentiation process from hematopoietic progenitor cells, chromosomes in the cell nucleus aggregate and the cell becomes a mature erythrocyte by subsequently losing this nucleus (enucleation). (sciencedaily.com)
Cytogenetic studies reveal specific abnormalities in DFSP tumor cells, such as reciprocal translocations of chromosomes 17 and 22, t(17;22), and supernumerary ring chromosomes composed of interspersed sequences from bands 17(17q22) and 22(22q12). (medscape.com)

Without a functioning exosome in progenitor cells," said Sen, "the progenitor cells prematurely differentiate due to increased levels of GRHL3 resulting in loss of epidermal tissue over time. (scitechdaily.com)

To achieve this, cells of in vitro produced bovine embryos were traced from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
Surprisingly, we found that there is a significant percentage of the embryos (∼60%) with labeled and nonlabeled cells randomly distributed and intermingled. (bioone.org)
Embryos and germ cells defective for NDK-1 showed an accumulation of apoptotic cell corpses. (scite.ai)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

The use of mouse feeder layers and animal serum are particularly problematic in the culturing of stem cells for possible therapeutic applications. (ddw-online.com)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

Transcript levels of the androgen receptor (AR)-regulated gene Rhox5 were decreased at the end of the culture period, suggesting that testosterone production by Leydig cells and/or AR transcriptional activity was impaired in organotypic cultures ( 8 ). (elifesciences.org)
Thus, the two cell death mechanisms share a common method of transcriptional regulation. (scite.ai)
Transcriptional profiling and biochemical analysis of human lung cells exposed at the air-liquid-interface determined DNA damage and stress response, as well as perturbation of cellular metabolism, as major key events. (bvsalud.org)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

By transducing two genes (c-MYC and BCL-XL) into iPS cells and ES cells, a research team has succeeded in producing erythrocyte progenitor cells with almost unlimited ability to replicate in vitro, which they then differentiated successfully into mature erythrocytes. (sciencedaily.com)
The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
In these processes, Hes genes function as effectors of Notch signaling, which coordinates cellular events via cell-cell interactions. (biologists.com)
For this, we first investigated the genes that responsible for this hemogenic activity during development using mouse models and tissue culture cells. (ca.gov)
To better understand the role of nm23 genes in cell migration, we investigated the function of NDK-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of group I NDPKs in distal tip cell (DTC) migration. (scite.ai)
Furthermore, the CES-2-like basic region leucine-zipper (bZip) transcription factor ATF-2, an upstream modulator of the core apoptotic cell death pathway, is able to directly regulate the expression of at least two key autophagy-related genes, bec-1/ATG6 and lgg-1/ATG8. (scite.ai)
this process often begins with mutations that inactivate normal cellular mechanisms for monitoring the fidelity of DNA replication, resulting in the rapid accumulation of mutations in genes involved in controlling the growth and death of cells. (ernolaszlo.com)
Setting aside sporadic mutations, every somatic cell in the body contains an identical genome with an identical complement of genes, each of which encodes a specific protein. (ernolaszlo.com)
Thus, gene expression must be tightly regulated so that only appropriate genes are expressed in a particular cell type. (ernolaszlo.com)
Transcription factor GATA4-targeted compounds that have previously shown in vivo efficacy in cardiac injury models were tested for stage-specific activation of atrial and ventricular reporter genes in differentiating pluripotent stem cells using a dual reporter assay. (biomedcentral.com)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

In vitro spermatogenesis could indeed be proposed to patients with testicular localization of residual tumor cells, for whom testicular tissue autografting is not indicated (about 30% of patients with acute leukemia). (elifesciences.org)
In vitro , MET overexpression activated ERK signaling and rendered BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cells resistant to vemurafenib and panitumumab, and sensitivity was restored by treatment with the MET inhibitor crizotinib. (aacrjournals.org)
Every cell type has its own unique needs when grown in vitro and stem cells are no exception. (ddw-online.com)
Understanding how stem cells behave in the niche is extremely important in order to extract these cells from their natural habitat, expand them in vitro and transplant the stem cells back to the patient, to repair and/or regenerate tissues and organs, with no risks to the individual's integrity. (bvsalud.org)

Regulation of the timing of cell differentiation and cell fate choice are key issues for making organs of the right size, shape and cell composition. (biologists.com)
Cell-fate reprograming is at the heart of development, yet very little is known about the molecular mechanisms promoting or inhibiting reprograming in intact organisms. (scite.ai)
Pharmacological modulation of cell fate decisions and developmental gene regulatory networks holds promise for the treatment of heart failure. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemical compounds that modulate atrial and ventricular cell fate could be used to improve subtype-specific differentiation of endogenous or exogenously delivered progenitor cells in order to promote cardiac regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
For example the development of the central nervous system is initiated following gastrulation by the induction of the neuroectoderm a process by which embryonic cells acquire a neural fate to form a single layer of neuroepithelial cells [1]. (liveconscience.com)
This multi-step cell fate determination that occurs during embryonic neurogenesis is usually delicately orchestrated by ARQ 197 many signalling pathways and transcription factors. (liveconscience.com)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)

NPCs can additionally be obtained by direct reprogramming of somatic cells from different cell lineage (PMID: 22445518). (sanbio.nl)
In the C. elegans germline, reprograming germ cells into somatic cells requires chromatin perturbation. (scite.ai)
Although the DNA content of all somatic cells is identical, different cells appear and behave differently. (ernolaszlo.com)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

What are neural stem cells (NSCs), neural progenitors, and neural precursors (NPCs)? (sanbio.nl)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

NSCs and neural progenitors are often regarded as neural precursors (NPCs). (sanbio.nl)
NPCs are distinct from differentiated cells of the nervous system at the molecular level. (sanbio.nl)
Immunofluorescent staining of PAX6 ( 12323-1-AP , 1:250 dilution) with 4% PFA fixed control human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived NPCs. (sanbio.nl)
Alternatively, NPCs can be isolated from fresh nervous tissues using cell sorting with NPC markers (PMID: 11121071). (sanbio.nl)
The suppressive effects of MSC-derived exosomes and the MSCs in this injury model were evaluated by the level of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histopathological examinations, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the population alteration of regulatory T cells (Treg) among non-parenchymal liver cells (NPCs). (biomedcentral.com)

Here, our objective is to study how the human adaptive immune system recognizes and responds in vivo to an enriched, non-tumorforming population of hESC-derived pancreatic precursor cells, which express the homeodomain protein PDX1. (rotrf.org)

MSCs have the capacity of multiple differentiations and self-renewal and have been proven to be able to differentiate into a series of cell lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). (springer.com)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)

We address recent data showing a rewiring of such interactions in cells from FPLD2 patients, and in adipose progenitor and induced pluripotent stem cell models of FPLD2. (frontiersin.org)

According to rough calculations, the amount of culture medium needed to produce enough erythrocytes for a normal transfusion pack (containing one trillion units) is 1,000 -- 2,000 liters when using direct differentiation from undifferentiated iPS cells, whereas 50-100 liters is sufficient with the newly developed method. (sciencedaily.com)
To our surprise, we found that in the absence of any manipulation, endothelial cells could direct differentiation and support the expansion of CD34+ cells (progenitor blood cells) to a very specific blood cell type, named macrophages. (ca.gov)

A subset of NSCs is present in the developed nervous system and acts as a reservoir of cells for cell replacement and nervous tissue regeneration (PMID: 20110496). (sanbio.nl)
Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Therapies based on the application of stem cells have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injuries, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)

These cycling cells also progress through neuronal differentiation to axonal extension. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Furthermore our results indicate that the programs of neuronal specification and differentiation are controlled independently of cell cycle exit. (colinsbraincancer.com)
In the developing spinal cord the ventricular zone contains neural progenitor cells that are subdivided into groups destined for distinct neuronal differentiation [1]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
While oligodendrocytes retain the capacity to divide after leaving the neural progenitor domain neuronal progenitor cells exit the cell cycle prior to initiating migration and differentiation in the mantle layer. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Data indicate that cell cycle exit alone is insufficient to trigger neuronal differentiation [11 12 Conversely the onset of neuronal differentiation may be hindered by forcing neural progenitor cells to cycle CCT137690 [13]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
D-type cyclins (CyclinDs) are known to govern progression in G1 and forced expression of CyclinDs at early stages of spinal cord development keeps neural progenitor cells proliferating impeding neuronal differentiation [13]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)

Nestin is an intermediate filament protein known to play several roles, including as a marker of neural progenitor and proliferating endothelial cells. (molvis.org)
The first step was to test whether human endothelial cells could offer a supportive niche for the growth of hematopoietic cells. (ca.gov)
These were rather unexpected results that indicated the ability of endothelial cells to offer a niche for a selective group of blood cells. (ca.gov)
The final question in the proposal was to test whether the modification of endothelial cells with the identified factors could induce the formation of blood from these cells. (ca.gov)
In this grant application we have been able to investigate the mechanisms by which endothelial cells, the cells that line the inner aspects of the entire circulatory system, produce blood cells. (ca.gov)
Although the hemogenic capacity of the endothelium is, under normal conditions, restricted development we have been able to "reprogram" this ability in endothelial cells. (ca.gov)
Using this strategy we found key transcription factors in hemogenic endothelium not present in other (non-hemogenic) endothelial cells. (ca.gov)
Finally, using human endothelial cells, we have been able to impose expression of these key transcription factors in endothelial cells. (ca.gov)

In the July 6 issue of Cell Stem Cell , researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine describe how human epidermal progenitor cells and stem cells control transcription factors to avoid premature differentiation, preserving their ability to produce new skin cells throughout life. (scitechdaily.com)

Two cell lineages are observed on the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the blastocyst: the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. (bioone.org)
S4+ cells are able to produce cells of both neural and non-neural lineages depending on ARQ 197 their environmental cues. (liveconscience.com)
Three main epithelial cell lineages comprise a crypt: the columnar cells or colonocytes, the mucin-secreting cells or goblet cells, and the enteroendocrine cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Under normal circumstances, turnover of epithelial cell lineages occurs constantly in every 2-7 days but this process become faster during tissue repair and wound healing [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
In contrast, thymocytes that recognize self-peptide/MHC with high affinity undergo negative selection via TCR-mediated apoptosis, prompting Trinquand, dos Santos, Tran Quang, and colleagues to hypothesize that reactivation of this developmental checkpoint in T-ALL cells may have antileukemic activity. (aacrjournals.org)

A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise. (ontobee.org)

Neuroprotection is one of the primary objectives of regenerative treatments like stem cell therapy. (plexusnc.com)
The stroma is not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis, but it provides the microenvironment and colony-stimulating factors needed to facilitate hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. (medscape.com)
1995) and subsequently in primary cells (Heyworth et al. (lu.se)

Specific aim 1 is to determine the expression of HLA antigens and co-stimulatory molecules on PDX1+ pancreatic progenitor cells. (rotrf.org)
Pertussis toxin uncoupling-based studies have shown that Gαi and Gαo can inhibit insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)

TCR stimulation via antigen/MHC presentation or anti-CD3 mAb induces T-ALL cell death. (aacrjournals.org)

However, the co-immunoreactivity of nestin and GS, a marker of mature functional Müller cells, could be observable only from the seventh day. (molvis.org)
Nestin was also observed in some vascular cells, as demonstrated by the co-immunoreactivity of the protein with vWF in the choroid and retina. (molvis.org)

More detailed structure-function analysis revealed a distinct subclass of GATA4/NKX2-5 inhibitory compounds with an acetyl lysine-like domain that contributed to ventricular cells (%Myl2-eGFP+). (biomedcentral.com)
Dystrophin-positive fibres distinct to 'revertant' fibres were detectable 10 days following the graft of as few as 10(3) cells. (pasteur.fr)

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. Several studies have described a pivotal role for RA signalling in different biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development and organogenesis. (mdpi.com)
The nature of these processes was not clearly defined, but co-immunolabeling with GFAP suggested that they were principally in activated Müller cells from the third day after the laser impacts. (molvis.org)
Introduction The developmental processes of many organs and tissues in an embryo originate from the pluripotent cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) in the blastocyst. (liveconscience.com)

The CSF is produced inside the ventricles by the choroid plexus (ChP), and to a lesser extent, ependymal cells, and then flows through the ventricular system, exiting toward the subarachnoid space through the foramina of Lushka and Magendie. (biomedcentral.com)

The organotypic culture procedure, which preserves testicular tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell interactions, has been used successfully to obtain spermatozoa from fresh or frozen/thawed mouse prepubertal testicular tissues ( 3 - 6 ). (elifesciences.org)
Stem cell therapy helps in repairing or restoring function of diseased, dysfunctional, and/or injured tissue by injecting stem cells (or their derivatives). (plexusnc.com)
Bone marrow consists of stem cells, which are large, "primitive," undifferentiated cells supported by fibrous tissue called stroma. (medscape.com)
There are 2 main types of stem cells and, therefore, the bone marrow consists of 2 types of cellular tissue. (medscape.com)
Niches are special microenvironments in tissue where stem cells are located. (bvsalud.org)
Likewise, these cells give rise to progenitor cells committed to a particular cell lineage, and play a crucial role in tissue repair and homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

Progenitor cells are more limited, typically differentiating into a specific type of cell and able to divide only a fixed number of times. (scitechdaily.com)
Although the cells migrate into the differentiating field they retain neural progenitor traits including the ability to divide. (colinsbraincancer.com)
These stem cells divide to eventually give rise to red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells in the red marrow. (medscape.com)

The term "transitional" emphasizes the unique feature of these cells that are particularly abundant in the young bone marrow. (nature.com)
BCR-ABL expression is also associated with activation of anti-apoptotic pathways (and hence resistance to apoptosis) and with downregulation of expression of cell adhesion proteins which leads to reduced adhesion to the bone marrow extracellular matrix and increased cell motility [6]. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Bone marrow thus contains blood cells at varying stages of development. (medscape.com)
Illustration of the pelvis to show the site of bone marrow and blood cells derived from bone marrow. (medscape.com)
When the oxygen content of body tissues is low, if there is loss of blood or anemia, or if the number of red blood cells decreases, the kidneys produce and release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. (medscape.com)
Similarly, the bone marrow produces and releases more white blood cells in response to infections, and it produces and releases more platelets in response to bleeding. (medscape.com)
As age progresses, more of the red bone marrow turns into yellow bone marrow and the production of new blood cells becomes more difficult. (medscape.com)
The bone marrow stroma contains mesenchymal stem cells. (medscape.com)

The identification of TR-S4+ cells provides a cell model for further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying hESC neural differentiation. (liveconscience.com)

Phenotypical change of non-parenchymal liver cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we provide protocols for analyzing these cells through flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. (lu.se)

Her area of research interest is stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
The bioreactor we have designed brings together fields of research from different ends of the spectrum: stem cell research on the building blocks of our bodies, to technology used to detect the ripples in space and time caused by the collisions of massive objects. (labroots.com)
At Plexus Neuro and Stem Cell Research Centre, we use autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from the patient's body to treat a range of neurological disorders. (plexusnc.com)

The fusion protein is then processed into functional PDGF-B and subsequently interacts with the PDGF receptor on the cell surface of DFSP tumor cells. (medscape.com)

The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
The construction of this cell line is the first promising step in the regulation of GAL secretion from hTERT-immortalized BMSCs, and the potential application of this system may provide a stem cell-based research platform for pain. (hindawi.com)
Abnormal regulation of cell migration and altered rearrangement of cytoskeleton are characteristic of metastatic cells. (scite.ai)
A protein known to be involved in a rare hereditary cancer syndrome may have a role in the regulation of liver stem cells and the development of liver cancer. (vetscite.org)

Alternatively, stem cell cultures can be grown on extracellular matrix extracts and supplemented with conditioned medium from mouse fibroblast cultures. (ddw-online.com)

Therefore they provide not only a potential source of specialized cells for regenerative therapies but also a valuable model to study early human development particularly as the direct study of early human embryo development is usually severely hampered by the inability to obtain adequate amounts of tissues at all developmental stages. (liveconscience.com)
Although differentiation of ESCs may not fully recapitulate the development of the embryo increasing evidence demonstrates that their lineage-specific differentiation nonetheless reflects the developmental progression of that cell type 9 days) (Physique 1B). (liveconscience.com)

From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
In aim 2, human PDX1+ progenitors will be transplanted into mice previously conditioned to harbor a human immune system. (rotrf.org)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
These mice go on to develop the two forms of liver cancer that are most common in humans, suggesting that liver stem cells may be the cells of origin of these tumors. (vetscite.org)
The researchers found that infant mice lacking functioning NF2 in their livers developed dramatic overgrowth of liver stem cells, to the point of crowding out hepatocytes. (vetscite.org)
Mice that did not die from a lack of functioning liver cells soon developed the two major types of liver cancer, and the fact that stem cell overgrowth preceded tumor development strongly suggested that the undifferentiated progenitors were the source of the tumors. (vetscite.org)
The grafted cells provided by 5 day-old C57Bl10 mice are syngenic to mdx mice and were cultured to select undifferentiated progenitors. (pasteur.fr)

The remarkable potential of stem cells to generate several hundred differentiated cell types is driving their use for regenerative medicine and for supporting the traditional drug discovery and development process (Figure 1). (ddw-online.com)
They may also serve as an unlimited source of therapeutically active cells for regenerative medi- cine. (lu.se)

Anatomy71

Organisms14

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Mesenchymal cells2

Neurons16

Embryonic stem8

Proliferation7

Neuron5

Germline stem cells2

Human embryonic2

Glial7

Adult21

Populations12

Hematopoietic stem9

Immature4

Multipotent3

Stromal7

Fetal3

Mouse embryos2

Transplantation9

Differentiate into various1

Rise to neural1

Myeloid2

Chromosomes2

Prematurely differentiate1

Embryos4

Therapeutic2

Transcriptional4

Genes12

Vitro4

Fate9

Somatic cells4

Neural stem2

NPCs5

Precursor1

Self-renewal2

Pluripotent stem1

Direct differentiation2

Regeneration3

Neuronal7

Endothelial Cells8

Transcription factors1

Lineages4

Undergo2

Proliferative1

Primary3

Pancreatic2

Induces1

Nestin2

Distinct2

Processes3

Ventricular1

Tissue7

Divide3

Bone marrow8

HESC1

Flow cytometry2

Stem cell res3

Subsequently1

Regulation4

Extracellular matrix1

Developmental2

Mice7

Regenerative2