• Increases in knowledge have revealed that the common pathophysiological scenario, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) forms of injury, results in depressed myocardial function and harmful morphological alterations, which may lead to heart failure ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Renal surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting can produce renal ischemia and reperfusion injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • In studies of mice models, a high-fat diet can induce greater injury to the kidney with renal ischemia-reperfusion as compared to mice with normal diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has previously been demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt and cleaved caspase‑3 serve critical roles in the apoptosis of cardiac myocytes following ischemia/reperfusion injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • H9c2 cells were subjected to 3‑h hypoxia, followed by 1‑h reperfusion. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a global public health problem and ischemia‑reperfusion injury, the major cause of neurological impairment exacerbation, is closely related to excitotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in heat shock protein (HSP)90β expression and verify whether HSP90β regulates EAAT2 expression in a cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A model of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion was established using the MCAO method. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These results suggested that HSP90β is involved in the process of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury in rats and that inhibition of HSP90β expression increases EAAT2 levels, conferring a neuroprotective effect in MCAO model rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • yet at the same time it can induce ischemia-reperfusion injury, which leads to brain damage both in the ischemic core and penumbra area. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • An ischemic stroke consists of two related pathological injury processes: Primary ischemia-induced brain injury and secondary ischemia reperfusion injury ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A study has shown that neurons in the ischemic penumbra may undergo apoptosis hours or days after ischemia and alleviating ischemia reperfusion injury is an achievable therapeutic goal in the early intervention of ischemic stroke aimed at limiting the amount of infarction ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Importantly, VSIG4 is significantly reduced after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting [ 11 ]. (thno.org)
  • 7 The metabolism of fatty acids and glucose undergoes adaptive changes in the myocardium due to ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). (dirjournal.org)
  • Atorvastatin has been shown to be cardioprotective in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. (ac.ir)
  • Thirty Wistar rats were selected and divided into three groups (n = 10): acute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, acute ischemia-reperfusion and treated with atorvastatin group and sham-operated group. (ac.ir)
  • Numerous apoptotic cardiomyocytes were found in ischemic fields in ischemia-reperfusion groups and werent observed in the sham-operated group. (ac.ir)
  • Fas expression was significantly higher in the ischemia-reperfusion group as compared to sham-operated group, but was decreased significantly in atorvastatin treated group as compared with I/R group. (ac.ir)
  • Upregulation of Fas expression in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and atorvastatin can significantly inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Fas expression. (ac.ir)
  • Apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes has been demonstrated in animal models with coronary artery occlusion [ 1 ], and experimental evidence suggests that myocardial cells are able to undergo apoptosis during ischemia followed by reperfusion [ 2 ]. (ac.ir)
  • Both ischemic and reperfused rat myocardium can undergo apoptotic cell death, however the myocardium, which is subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion, undergoes accelerated apoptosis [ 3 ]. (ac.ir)
  • It has been shown that the Fas pathway is functional in cardiac myocytes and plays a critical role in myocardial death due to ischemia-reperfusion in vivo [ 4 ]. (ac.ir)
  • In lpr mice, a naturally occurring mutant deficient in Fas, there is marked reduction in infarct size and abundance of apoptotic cardiac myocytes following ischemia and reperfusion that also signifies the importance of Fas pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injury [ 5 ]. (ac.ir)
  • It was shown that functional Fas system contributes to apoptotic myocardial cell death in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury [ 4 , 5 ]. (ac.ir)
  • We have reported that retrograde application of embryonic endothelial progenitor cells (eEPCs) provides rapid paracrine protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Peri-transplant events, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury activate the recipient's immune responses and negatively affect outcomes. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Forming the 'beneficial' version of CEACAM1-S prior to liver transplantation has the potential to act as a checkpoint regulator of oxygen-related stress and will see a reduction of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. (technologynetworks.com)
  • In animal models, increased apoptosis accompanies both phases of ischemia and reperfusion [8]. (biomedres.us)
  • Important roles of inflammatory mediators in cardiac cell death by ischemia with or without reperfusion are well established [12-14]. (biomedres.us)
  • Tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress account for most of the pernicious effects of CO in the body. (medscape.com)
  • This leads to poor oxygen supply or cerebral hypoxia and thus leads to the death of brain tissue or cerebral infarction/ischemic stroke. (wikipedia.org)
  • and global ischemia, which encompasses wide areas of brain tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • These biochemical markers indicate some degree of tissue hypoxia / ischemia during the surgical procedure. (fapesp.br)
  • Traditional patient monitoring may not detect cerebral tissue hypoxia, and typical interventions may not improve tissue oxygenation. (lww.com)
  • 1 , 2 Brain tissue is particularly susceptible to hypoxia, and oxygenation of the cerebral tissue has been found to be an important predictor of short- and long-term clinical outcomes. (lww.com)
  • 7 Therefore, maintenance of adequate cerebral oxygenation may increase patient safety by preventing decreased cerebral perfusion and prolonged cerebral tissue ischemia. (lww.com)
  • Vascular congestion and poor perfusion lead to hypoxia and tissue ischaemia. (vin.com)
  • The infarcted tissue eventually undergoes liquefaction necrosis and is removed by macrophages with the development of parenchymal volume loss. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic hypoxia in the presence of high glucose leads to progressive acidosis of cardiac myocytes in culture. (biologists.com)
  • Here we investigated roles for miR-126 in stress kinase activation, induction of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis caused by exposure of cultured cardiac myocytes to hypoxia/acidosis or acidosis alone. (biomedres.us)
  • Our group reported that severe chronic hypoxia alone does not cause apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in culture. (biomedres.us)
  • To test this, eight-week-old Akap1 knockout mice (Akap1-/-), Siah2 knockout mice (Siah2-/-) or their wild-type (wt) littermates underwent myocardial infarction (MI) by permanent left coronary artery ligation. (unina.it)
  • Age and gender matched mice of either genotype underwent a left thoracotomy without coronary ligation and were used as controls (sham). (unina.it)
  • In a retrospective study of patients who underwent surgery for correction of congenital heart disease (CHD) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in HC FMRP-USP and evolved with death, we observed infarction in different stages of evolution and scatteredmicrocalcifications in the myocardium, even without coronary obstruction. (fapesp.br)
  • It well known that ORP 150 plays an important role in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia, as anti-apoptotic factor, and seems to be involved in osteocytes differentiations. (unibo.it)
  • Hypoxia and ischemia of the brain are key pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • When ischemic stroke occurs, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia cause the release of excessive excitatory amino acids, mainly glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which exert excitotoxic effects on the central nervous system. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Hypoxia and oxidative stress increase 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP 150) expression in different cell types. (unibo.it)
  • He underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) followed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and intestinal perforation was detected on day 9. (rcpjournals.org)
  • Most previous studies have employed models of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in postnatal animals. (jneurosci.org)
  • Early postnatal microglia are endogenously activated and may therefore express an increased sensitivity to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). (unibas.ch)
  • Postnatal-day (P)7 rats underwent sham or right-hemispheric HI surgery. (unibas.ch)
  • Microglia are an inherent cellular component of the early postnatal SVZ and undergo specific developmental changes that are disrupted by neonatal HI injury. (unibas.ch)
  • The primary outcomes will include interventions used to maintain cerebral saturation in target range, rates of cerebral hypoxia and systemic hypoxia, and a composite of death or severe brain injury detected on term-equivalent magnetic resonance imaging. (stanford.edu)
  • The symptoms of brain ischemia range from mild to severe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similar to cerebral hypoxia, severe or prolonged brain ischemia will result in unconsciousness, brain damage or death, mediated by the ischemic cascade. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Other pathological events that may result in brain ischemia include cardiorespiratory arrest, stroke, and severe irreversible brain damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal unloading leads to severe hypoxia (1%O2) in the bone microenvironment resulting in imbalanced bone remodelling that favours bone resorption. (unibo.it)
  • However, combined an UCCAO and an HS caused a severe cerebral ischemia (18% of the original CBF levels), a moderate hypotension (MABP downed to 17 mmHg), systemic inflammation, peripheral organs damage, and neurological injury, which can be attenuated by whole body cooling. (medsci.org)
  • In vivo, pigs (n=9 per group) underwent percutaneous left anterior descending artery occlusion for 60 minutes on day 1. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This study aimed to investigate whether resuscitation after a hemorrhagic shock (HS) and/or mild cerebral ischemia caused by a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) can cause brain injury and concomitant neurological dysfunction, and explore the potential mechanisms. (medsci.org)
  • Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent creation of a previously validated ischemic flap. (nih.gov)
  • We therefore investigated the impact of global brain hypoxia-ischemia on the thalamic circuit function in the somatosensory system of young rats. (cdc.gov)
  • An UCCAO caused a slight cerebral ischemia (cerebral blood flow [CBF] 70%) without hypotension (MABP 85 mmHg), systemic inflammation, multiple organs injuries, or neurological injury. (medsci.org)
  • An HS caused a moderate cerebral ischemia (52% of the original CBF levels), a moderate hypotension (MABP downed to 22 mmHg), systemic inflammation, and peripheral organs injuries. (medsci.org)
  • Hypoxia occurs from 3 primary mechanisms: CO diminishes the oxygen-carrying capability of hemoglobin, decreases the uptake of bound oxygen into tissues, and impairs the mechanisms of cellular respiration. (medscape.com)
  • This process also decreases the number of binding sites available for oxygen in select tissues, further contributing to hypoxia. (medscape.com)
  • The interplay of all these effects causes tissues in the person exposed to CO to have an oxygen tension lower than that due to simple hypoxia alone. (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms of brain ischemia reflect the anatomical region undergoing blood and oxygen deprivation. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Compression of blood vessels may also lead to brain ischemia, by blocking the arteries that carry oxygen to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxygen-deprived osteocytes seem undergo apoptosis and actively stimulate osteoclasts. (unibo.it)
  • Specifically, the researchers found that Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1α), which regulates oxygen consumption, played a central role in orchestrating the activation of the version of CEACAM1, called CEACAM1-S, that limits cellular injury and improves liver function in mice. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Global hypoxia-ischemia interrupts oxygen delivery and blood flow to the entire brain. (cdc.gov)
  • Insufficient delivery of oxygen and destruction of red blood cells may cause cardiopulmonary complaints with the development of ischemia, arrhythmia and shock. (cdc.gov)
  • Hypoxia caused by impaired blood circulation can be referred to as circulatory hypoxia, which are classified as ischemic hypoxia and congestive hypoxia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hypoxia, in vivo, is a physiological condition for osteocytes, 5% O2 is more likely physiological for osteocytes than 20% O2, as osteocytes are embedded deep inside the mineralized bone matrix. (unibo.it)
  • IV lidocaine can significantly reduce the amount of propofol, the incidence of hypoxia and postoperative pain during gastroscopy in elderly patients, with a higher patient and gastroscopist satisfaction. (dovepress.com)
  • Uterine ischemia in the dams resulted in a distinct neurobehavioral phenotype in the newborn pups, which was characterized by an increase in forelimb tone that was significantly correlated with histological evidence of persistent injury to subcortical motor pathways involving the basal ganglia and anterior thalamus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Physical stress such as infarction, surgery and transplant may produce kidney ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ischemia also directly results in dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature, with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier occurring within 4-6 hours after infarction. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, we revealed that hypoxia promotes VSIG4 expression in cultured bone marrow M2 macrophages, ultimately leading to the conversion of CFs to myofibroblasts. (thno.org)
  • citation needed] Kidney ischemia can be diagnosed by checking the levels of several biomarkers such as clusterin and cystatin C. While the duration of ischemia was used as a biomarker, it was found that it has significant flaws in predicting renal function outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, renal ischemia can cause the delay of graft function after renal transplant and can cause rejection of the transplant. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, DAXX mediates both Fas-dependent and TGF-beta-induced apoptosis and renal induction of TGF-beta is well documented in renal ischemia studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hyperthermia, hypotension, cerebral ischemia and edema, hepatic and renal failure, increased levels of both nitric oxide metabolites (NO x - ) and dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) in plasma, hyperkalemia, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis and hypoxia are all observed in vehicle-treated heatstroke animals. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Cerebral hypoxia could be linked to neurological complications, 3 organ dysfunctions, 4 , 5 stroke, 6 and increased hospital length of stay. (lww.com)
  • [ 8 ] In a retrospective cohort of 370 patients undergoing emergency major abdominal procedures, Wisely et al reported shorter hospital stays and better outcomes in the ERAS group. (medscape.com)
  • Many hundred genes are likely undergoing alternative splicing in an effort to manage the cellular stress that accompanies liver transplanation, Dery said. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Prenatal hypoxia-ischemia to the developing brain has been strongly implicated in the subsequent development of the hypertonic motor deficits of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature and full-term infants who present with neonatal encephalopathy. (jneurosci.org)
  • These findings provide a unique behavioral model to define mechanisms and sequelae of perinatal brain injury from antenatal hypoxia-ischemia. (jneurosci.org)
  • These excitotoxic effects play important roles in neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage after cerebral ischemia ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient bloodflow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ischemia leads to alterations in brain metabolism, reduction in metabolic rates, and energy crisis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main symptoms of brain ischemia involve impairments in vision, body movement, and speaking. (wikipedia.org)
  • The causes of brain ischemia vary from sickle cell anemia to congenital heart defects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms of brain ischemia can include unconsciousness, blindness, problems with coordination, and weakness in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other effects that may result from brain ischemia are stroke, cardiorespiratory arrest, and irreversible brain damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accordingly, this discovery raised the possibility of intervening after brain ischemia before the damage becomes irreversible. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ischemia within the arteries branching from the vertebral arteries in the back of the brain may result in symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, double vision, or weakness on both sides of the body[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sickle cell anemia may cause brain ischemia associated with the irregularly shaped blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] A heart attack can also cause brain ischemia due to the correlation that exists between heart attack and low blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Congenital heart defects may also cause brain ischemia due to the lack of appropriate artery formation and connection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous studies of global brain hypoxia ischemia have primarily focused on injury to the cerebral cortex and to the hippocampus. (cdc.gov)
  • Global brain hypoxia-ischemia during cardiac arrest has a long-term impact on processing and transfer of sensory information by thalamic circuitry. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, a rat model of wound ischemia was used to test the hypothesis that HBO enhances wound healing by modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling. (nih.gov)
  • The in-hospital mortality of patients with AMI undergoing PCI is between 4 and 7% ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, this case report illustrates the importance of monitoring gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing ECMO. (rcpjournals.org)
  • With this finding, we suggest that the predominant myocardial injury in patients undergoing surgery for correction of CHD and CPB should be related to the release of catecholamines during surgery. (fapesp.br)
  • The study authors included a control group, consisting of 200 patients without diarrhea who underwent cardiac surgery during the same observation period. (contagionlive.com)
  • A study by Roulin et al comparing patients who underwent elective colectomy and urgent colectomy found that most of the ERAS elements could be applied to emergency colectomy. (medscape.com)
  • Possible causes of kidney ischemia include the activation of IL-17C and hypoxia due to surgery or transplant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cannabidiol specifically is undergoing intense study for consumption as hypoxia-ischemia protection for Huntington's Disease and Parkinson's. (rxleaf.com)
  • Antenatal hypoxia-ischemia at preterm gestation results in hypertonia and abnormalities in motor control. (jneurosci.org)
  • Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ischemic hypoxia is caused by an impaired arterial blood supply, whereas congestive hypoxia results from an impaired venous return. (frontiersin.org)
  • Methods and Results-In vitro, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation in the absence or presence of eEPCs with or without Tβ4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The results support significant roles for miR-126 in regulating cardiac myocyte survival pathways and cell death during exposure to simulated ischemia and acidosis. (biomedres.us)
  • Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is also associated with subsequent cerebral injury in a disproportionately high percentage of the survivors of premature birth ( Volpe, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • In the present study, the protective effects of EGCG with zinc were assessed on cultures of rat cardiac myoblasts exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Under conditions of hypoxia, mitochondrial AKAP121 undergoes proteolytic degradation mediated, at least in part, by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Seven In-Absentia Homolog 2 (Siah2). (unina.it)
  • In the present study we hypothesized that Akap1 might be crucial to preserve mitochondrial function and structure, and cardiac responses to myocardial ischemia. (unina.it)
  • Montesi, Monica (2014) In vitro study of the osteocytes response to hypoxia and their regulation of bone homeostasis , [Dissertation thesis], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. (unibo.it)