AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
ChromatinChromatin Assembly and DisassemblyHistonesChromatin ImmunoprecipitationNucleosomesChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneAcetylationMicrococcal NucleaseTranscription, GeneticPromoter Regions, GeneticCell NucleusChromatin Assembly Factor-1Transcription FactorsSex ChromatinDNADNA-Binding ProteinsNuclear ProteinsHeterochromatinEpigenesis, GeneticProtein BindingMethylationDeoxyribonuclease IGene SilencingGene Expression RegulationHistone DeacetylasesRepressor ProteinsHistone AcetyltransferasesSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsHeLa CellsChromosomesCell LineBinding SitesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMolecular Sequence DataHistone-Lysine N-MethyltransferaseDNA MethylationBase SequenceDNA ReplicationLysineCell Cycle ProteinsTranscriptional ActivationEuchromatinInsulator ElementsRNA Polymerase IICentromereMitosisDrosophila ProteinsMutationChickensEnhancer Elements, GeneticDeoxyribonucleasesGene Expression Regulation, FungalDNA DamagePolycomb-Group ProteinsDNA HelicasesSpermatozoaAcetyltransferasesInterphaseHistone ChaperonesModels, GeneticProtein Structure, TertiaryCell Line, TumorHigh Mobility Group ProteinsNucleoproteinsModels, BiologicalCell CycleDNA RepairHydroxamic AcidsDrosophila melanogasterAdenosine TriphosphatasesDrosophilaGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalTrans-ActivatorsResponse ElementsMi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase ComplexChromomycin A3Amino Acid Sequencep300-CBP Transcription FactorsHistone Deacetylase InhibitorsNucleic Acid ConformationRNA InterferenceCells, CulturedTranscription Initiation SiteS PhaseProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalCell DifferentiationHistone CodeHMGN1 ProteinNuclear EnvelopeProtein MethyltransferasesNuclear MatrixProtaminesDeoxyribonucleoproteinsCell NucleolusHistone Deacetylase 1RNA, Small InterferingRNA, MessengerNucleoplasminsTelomereGenome
Open chromatin regionsOrganizationProteinsCytoplasmInterphaseProteinMitoticNuclearGenome-wideEpigeneticImmunoprecipitationHistone modificationsGenesMammalian cellsChromosomeHistonesApoptosisGermNucleusAccessibilityConformationalNucleiDynamicsMechanismPost-translationalRegulationDifferentiatingResectionTumorApoptoticSomaticPathwayDifferentiationAssemblyModificationsDifferencesChromosomalStemContrastFunctionalFetalStructureCellsComplexMachineryDistinctHuman
Open chromatin regions1
  • We associated lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) with demethylation and demonstrated unique patterns of DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in relationship to open chromatin regions (OCRs), histone modifications and TF-binding sites. (stanford.edu)
Organization5
  • These results show that, in addition to the well-known chromatin changes, nuclear organization undergoes other rearrangements during the apoptotic process. (nih.gov)
  • Cytosine modifications directly affect the positioning of nucleosomes (the first level of chromatin organization into chromosome involving the DNA chain wound around a core of 8 histone proteins), and recruit chromatin-modifying complexes that modify histones. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • In some species of Phaseolus and Vigna the polytenics are more clearly defined and, therefore, better suited to the study of this type of chromatin organization. (scielo.br)
  • Although the clinical implications of chromosomal aberrations in liposarcomas are incompletely understood, in other malignancies complex chromosomal rearrangements have been shown to alter chromatin folding, architecture, and organization which in turn impact functional genomic processes and the tumor regulatory landscape through altered near- and long-range interactions. (curesarcoma.org)
  • Elevated expression of H3/H4 in intestinal enterocytes in Drosophila alters chromatin organization, induces intestinal autophagy through transcriptional regulation, prevents age-related decline in the intestine. (sdbonline.org)
Proteins6
  • A common feature, particularly evident for 125- and 160-kDa proteins, was their absence from cap-shaped chromatin marginations, whereas they were present in the areas of remaining decondensed chromatin. (nih.gov)
  • Histone H3 is one of the DNA-binding proteins found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells. (fishersci.com)
  • The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The PHD finger and the bromodomain are small protein domains that occur in many proteins associated with phenomena related to chromatin. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Chapter 1 provides an overview of these pathways including the key steps of DSB repair, the regulation of actin nucleation, and the proteins involved in chromatin mobility. (columbia.edu)
  • In mice, rapamycin treatment increases expression of histone proteins and Wdfy3 transcription, and alters chromatin organisation in the small intestine, suggesting the mTORC1-histone axis is at least partially conserved in mammals and may offer new targets for anti-ageing interventions. (sdbonline.org)
Cytoplasm4
  • The nuclei had generally maintained their ovoid shapes, with stippled to hyperchromatic chromatin and fusiform piloid cytoplasm. (ajnr.org)
  • Then, within the same cytoplasm, syncytial embryonic nuclei undergo a series of rapid, synchronous S and M phases to form the blastoderm embryo. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Accumulation of c-Fos was observed in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts undergoing apoptosis. (arvojournals.org)
  • The cells are usually large and polygonal, containing abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, a large nucleus with open chromatin, a prominent eosinophilic nucleolus, and an occasional intracellular lumina containing red blood cells 1,4-7 . (bvsalud.org)
Interphase13
Protein12
  • The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between follicular fluid (FF) levels of high‑mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and the reproductive outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moos J, Filova V, Pavelkova J, Moosova M, Peknicova J and Rezabek K: Follicular fluid and serum levels of inhibin A and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in patients undergoing IVF. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here we show that Brg1, a chromatin-remodelling protein, has a critical role in regulating cardiac growth, differentiation and gene expression. (ca.gov)
  • The bromodomain protein Brd4 insulates chromatin from DNA damage signalling. (duke.edu)
  • The super-structure of chromatin is regulated by ring-shaped, ATP-dependent molecular motors belonging to the SMC family of protein complexes. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Both mutations are sited at or very near the amino-terminal tail of the protein, which undergoes post-translational modifications associated with either transcriptional repression (K27) or activation (K36), the team states. (genengnews.com)
  • Five friends of methylated chromatin target of protein-arginine-methyltransferase[prmt]-1 (chtop), a complex linking arginine methylation to desumoylation. (embl.de)
  • Chromatin target of Prmt1 (Chtop) is a vertebrate-specific chromatin-bound protein that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. (embl.de)
  • Here we analysed, in two Plasmodium species, the expression of SET, a conserved nuclear protein involved in chromatin dynamics. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A Fanconi anemia complementation group protein that undergoes mono-ubiquitination by FANCL PROTEIN in response to DNA DAMAGE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Also, in response to IONIZING RADIATION it can undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • Modified FANCD2 interacts with BRCA2 PROTEIN in a stable complex with CHROMATIN, and it is involved in DNA REPAIR by homologous RECOMBINATION. (bvsalud.org)
Mitotic4
  • Differentiating spermatogonia in mice undergo five mitotic divisions before converting to preleptotene spermatocytes. (jci.org)
  • Mitotic chromosomes will undergo different biochemical changes under four sub-stages of mitosis. (differencebetween.com)
  • So, this is the summary of the difference between interpahse chromatin and mitotic chromosomes. (differencebetween.com)
  • Once taken up by mosquito, male gametocytes undergo three mitotic cycles within few minutes to produce eight motile gametes. (gla.ac.uk)
Nuclear5
  • Upon microbial challenge, human neutrophils undergo rapid changes in nuclear architecture and chromatin folding to orchestrate an immediate inflammatory gene program. (bvsalud.org)
  • Differentiating neutrophils undergo large-scale changes in nuclear morphology. (bvsalud.org)
  • These data reveal how upon microbial challenge the cohesin machinery is recruited to an activated enhancer repertoire to instruct changes in chromatin folding, nuclear architecture , and to activate an inflammatory gene program. (bvsalud.org)
  • Throughout the life of a eukaryotic cell, chromosomes undergo drastic conformational rearrangements that play essential roles in almost all nuclear processes, including gene expression, DNA repair and cell division. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In such a modified nuclear cycle, the chromatin duplicates its DNA content during the G 1 and S stages, but, instead of passing to the G 2 stage, the nucleus initiates a new G 1 phase, thus starting a new cycle of chromatin duplication. (scielo.br)
Genome-wide3
  • Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
  • Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)
  • The formation of a diploid zygote begins with the unique, genome-wide RI assembly of paternal chromatin following sperm protamine eviction. (ens-lyon.fr)
Epigenetic3
  • Chromatin remodeling is important for the epigenetic reprogramming of human primordial germ cells. (nature.com)
  • Our studies show that Brg1 maintains cardiomyocytes in an embryonic state, and demonstrate an epigenetic mechanism by which three classes of chromatin-modifying factors-Brg1, HDAC and PARP-cooperate to control developmental and pathological gene expression. (ca.gov)
  • Another hallmark of the gene regulatory landscape is chromatin accessibility, which is regulated by epigenetic pathways and can be dysregulated as a result of both chromosomal rearrangements and mutations in the noncoding genome and which have been unstudied in liposarcoma. (curesarcoma.org)
Immunoprecipitation2
  • Using human retinal endothelial cells in 20 mM D-glucose, H3K9me3 at Rac1 promoter was quantified by chromatin-Immunoprecipitation technique. (nature.com)
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to evaluate the histone modification of gene loci that are regulated by lunasin and cytokine. (weeksmd.com)
Histone modifications1
Genes3
  • The next most prevalent aberrations include a cohort of chromatin-modifying genes with diverse roles including PBRM1 , SETD2 , BAP1 , and KMD5C . (springer.com)
  • Their published paper is titled "Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodeling genes in pediatric glioblastoma. (genengnews.com)
  • The histone-DNA complexes, known as chromatin, are constantly relaxing and condensing to expose different genes, so there is no single right or wrong configuration. (neurosciencenews.com)
Mammalian cells1
  • Using Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts and mammalian cells, we show that actin nucleation machinery (WASP, Arp2/3, and actin) is recruited to damaged chromatin undergoing HDR. (columbia.edu)
Chromosome1
  • The higher incidence of ccRCC in male patients may partially be accounted by mono-allelic inactivation of the chromatin remodelling gene, KDM5C on the X chromosome [ 6 ]. (springer.com)
Histones2
Apoptosis2
  • A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
Germ2
Nucleus2
  • In asf1 KD embryos, HIRA localizes to the male nucleus but is only capable of limited and insufficient chromatin assembly. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Each human cell contains the equivalent of two meters of DNA packed in a small, micrometre-sized nucleus in the form of chromatin. (imperial.ac.uk)
Accessibility4
  • Global transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analyses indicate that hTSCs derived from naïve hPSCs acquire features of pre-implantation trophectoderm. (nih.gov)
  • We hypothesize that chromatin accessibility differ as a result of changes occurring in the noncoding genomes and complex chromosomal rearrangements in WDLPS and DDLPS and contribute to dysregulation of downstream gene regulatory networks. (curesarcoma.org)
  • The aims of the proposed study are to 1) characterize and determine differences in the chromatin accessibility landscapes of treatment naïve WDLPS and DDLPS and 2) understand the functional consequences of differences in the noncoding genomes and complex chromosomal rearrangements on chromatin accessibility and downstream gene regulatory networks in treatment-naive WDLPS and DDLPS. (curesarcoma.org)
  • The proposed study will be the first to describe the chromatin accessibility landscape of liposarcoma and to elucidate how differences in the noncoding genomes and complex chromosomal rearrangements between WDLPS and DDLPS histologies affect chromatin "openness," downstream gene regulatory networks, and ultimately disparate biologic subtype-specific behavior and prognosis. (curesarcoma.org)
Conformational1
  • Zinc-binding motifs are stable structures, and they rarely undergo conformational changes upon binding their target. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Nuclei2
  • This separation of tasks could optimize the rapid assembly of paternal chromatin within the gigantic volume of the egg cell.In contrast, ASF1 is surprisingly dispensable for the amplification of cleavage nuclei, although chromatin integrity is likely compromised in KD embryos. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • By combining super-resolution microscopy and chromatin fiber analyses with proximity ligation assays on intact nuclei, old H3 was found to be preferentially incorporated by the leading strand, whereas newly synthesized H3 is enriched on the lagging strand. (sdbonline.org)
Dynamics2
  • Our work offers a comprehensive and high-resolution roadmap for dissecting chromatin state transition dynamics during the epigenomic reprogramming of human and mouse FGCs. (nature.com)
  • The dynamics of these foci may be observed by time-lapse microscopy making it possible to observe the behavior of breaks undergoing HDR and NHEJ. (columbia.edu)
Mechanism2
  • Results point to chromatin remodeling mechanism as potential therapeutic target. (genengnews.com)
  • We have recently identified dual mono-ubiquitylation of histone H3 (H3Ub2) by UHRF1 as an essential mechanism to recruit DNMT1 to chromatin. (cipsm.de)
Post-translational1
  • The N-terminal tail of histone H3 protrudes from the globular nucleosome core and can undergo several different types of post-translational modifications that influence cellular processes. (fishersci.com)
Regulation4
  • Chromatin regulation by Brg1 underlies heart muscle development and disease. (ca.gov)
  • Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. (nih.gov)
  • Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period. (nih.gov)
  • This chromatin remodelling activity is associated with regulation of gene expression in heterochromatin regions of plant and mammal chromosomes and with the cellular response to DNA damage. (imperial.ac.uk)
Differentiating1
  • Many stem cells undergo asymmetric division to produce a self-renewing stem cell and a differentiating daughter cell. (sdbonline.org)
Resection1
  • The above aims will be achieved by performing and integrating ATAC-seq and RNA-seq datasets using matched WDLPS and DDLPS tumors and normal fat acquired from 5 treatment naïve patients who underwent liposarcoma resection. (curesarcoma.org)
Tumor1
  • The patient underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS), with some residual tumor being seen on postoperative imaging. (ajnr.org)
Apoptotic1
  • 6 Hence, it is possible that mouse photoreceptors undergo c-Fos-dependent or- independent apoptotic pathways depending on the stimuli. (arvojournals.org)
Somatic1
  • An international consortium led by researchers at McGill University sequenced the exomes of 48 pediatric GBM samples and found somatic mutations in the H3.3-ATRX-DAXX chromatin remodeling pathway in 44% of tumors and recurrent H3F3A mutations in 31% of tumors. (genengnews.com)
Pathway1
  • DSB repair may occur by multiple pathways, and the decision to use one pathway over another is influenced by cell cycle stage, the chromatin state, and the complexity of the inciting lesion. (columbia.edu)
Differentiation1
  • We found that naïve hPSCs can directly give rise to human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) and undergo further differentiation into both extravillous and syncytiotrophoblast. (nih.gov)
Assembly2
Modifications2
  • Histone "tails" regularly undergo chemical modifications to either relax the DNA or repack it. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Chromatin structure and function is influenced by histone posttranslational modifications. (rupress.org)
Differences1
  • Chromatin dysregulation of WDLPS and DDLPS may therefore play a critical role in sarcomagenesis and underly differences in the clinical behavior and aggressiveness between these common liposarcoma subtypes. (curesarcoma.org)
Chromosomal1
  • Along with co-ordinate (location) details of S/MARs, the dataset also revealed details of S/MAR features, namely, length, inter-SMAR length (the chromatin loop size), nucleotide repeats, motif abundance, chromosomal distribution and genomic context. (researchgate.net)
Stem2
  • Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
  • This study shows that, similarly to H3 , histone H4 is inherited asymmetrically in Drosophila melanogaster male germline stem cells undergoing asymmetric division. (sdbonline.org)
Contrast1
  • In contrast, DSBs undergoing NHEJ are relatively immobile. (columbia.edu)
Functional1
  • Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are DNA elements that serve to compartmentalize the chromatin into structural and functional domains. (researchgate.net)
Fetal1
  • Cardiac stress triggers adult hearts to undergo hypertrophy and a shift from alpha-MHC to fetal beta-MHC expression. (ca.gov)
Structure1
Cells2
  • The patient underwent a second TSS, and histology of the specimen revealed neoplastic proliferation of astrocytes and spindle-shaped cells with fascicles. (ajnr.org)
  • Here it is shown that metastatic cells undergo specific chromatin remodeling in the liver. (duke.edu)
Complex2
  • Eukaryote genomes are packaged into a nucleoprotein complex known as chromatin. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • All four of the samples also harbored mutations in ATRX, which encodes part of the transcription/chromatin remodeling complex involved in binding H3.3 to DNA. (genengnews.com)
Machinery1
  • Reporting in Nature the McGill investigators suggest their findings "provide a rationale for targeting the chromatin remodeling machinery" in pediatric GBM. (genengnews.com)
Distinct1
  • The most common non-clear cell renal cancers have also undergone genomic profiling and are characterised by distinct genomic landscapes. (springer.com)
Human1
  • Although the global and thorough DNA demethylation patterns of human FGCs have been revealed, the accompanying chromatin states in human germline remains unexplored. (nature.com)