• More specifically, upon activation, satellite cells can re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate and differentiate into myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated satellite cells initially proliferate as skeletal myoblasts before undergoing myogenic differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We find that C/EBPβ can regulate Notch2 expression and that restoration of Notch activity in myoblasts lacking C/EBPβ prevents precocious differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When overexpressed in the murine myoblast cell line C2C12 or in primary myoblasts, C/EBPβ reduced MyoD and other myogenic protein levels during differentiation, in addition to reducing myoblast fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of C/EBPβ in SCs results in precocious differentiation at the expense of self-renewal in both primary myoblasts and myofiber cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, both quiescent and activated human satellite cells can be identified by the membrane-bound neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM/CD56/Leu-19), a cell-surface glycoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD34 and Myf5 markers specifically define the majority of quiescent satellite cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • When muscle cells undergo injury, quiescent satellite cells are released from beneath the basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Postnatal growth and repair of skeletal muscle relies upon a population of quiescent muscle precursor cells, called satellite cells that can be activated to proliferate and differentiate into new myofibers, as well as self-renew to replenish the satellite cell population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 10 Even more compelling is a recent study that subjected individual quiescent satellite cells isolated from adult limb muscle to stretching in vitro, and showed that direct stretching of the satellite cells themselves results in activation and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. (arvojournals.org)
  • Greater activation also results in increased expression of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 - all responsible for the induction of myocyte-specific genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Persistent expression of C/EBPβ upregulates Pax7, inhibits MyoD, and blocks myogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the resected muscle and in the passively stretched antagonist muscle, there was a dramatic increase in the number of myofibers positive for neonatal MyHC and in the number of BrdU- and MyoD-positive satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • We find that loss of C/EBPβ leads to precocious differentiation at the expense of self-renewal in primary myoblast and myofiber cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding the effects of strabismus surgery on muscle cell biological reactions and myofiber remodeling may suggest new approaches for improving surgical outcomes. (arvojournals.org)
  • There are a number of factors that initiate myofiber remodeling in adult skeletal muscles. (arvojournals.org)
  • Both active and passive stretch of the rectus muscles produced by strabismus surgery dramatically upregulated the processes of satellite cell activation, integration of new myonuclei into existing myofibers, and concomitant upregulation of immature myosin heavy chain isoforms. (arvojournals.org)
  • Satellite cells are able to differentiate and fuse to augment existing muscle fibers and to form new fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • After several cell divisions, the satellite cells begin to fuse with the damaged myotubes and undergo further differentiations and maturation, with peripheral nuclei as in hallmark. (wikipedia.org)
  • Satellite cells express a number of distinctive genetic markers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using genetic tools to conditionally abrogate C/EBPβ expression in Pax7 + cells, we examined the role of C/EBPβ in self-renewal of satellite cells during muscle regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the first roles described for IGF-1 was its involvement in the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, IGF-1 expression in skeletal muscle extends the capacity to activate satellite cell proliferation (Charkravarthy, et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6 These manipulations result in satellite cell activation and proliferation, which in turn are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration. (arvojournals.org)
  • WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
  • These cells represent the oldest known adult stem cell niche, and are involved in the normal growth of muscle, as well as regeneration following injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myosatellite cells are located between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma of muscle fibers, and can lie in grooves either parallel or transversely to the longitudinal axis of the fibre. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3 When a muscle is injured, this specialized cell population becomes activated, divides, and either repairs damaged fibers or forms new myofibers. (arvojournals.org)
  • After a single muscle injury, C/EBPβ-deficient satellite cells fail to self-renew resulting in a reduction of satellite cells available for future rounds of regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings demonstrate that C/EBPβ is a novel regulator of satellite cell self-renewal during muscle regeneration acting at least in part through Notch2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 2 Residing outside the sarcolemma but within the basal lamina of individual myofibers is a population of cells that are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration, the satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • Irradiation treatment, which eliminates satellite cells from these muscles, prevents the compensatory hypertrophy in these types of experiments. (arvojournals.org)
  • Myosatellite cells, also known as satellite cells, muscle stem cells or MuSCs, are small multipotent cells with very little cytoplasm found in mature muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • for example, greater activation results in the progressive loss of Pax7 expression as they enter the proliferative stage. (wikipedia.org)
  • In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • 7 8 9 In fact, passive stretching alone can activate limb muscle satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • On the other hand, activated satellite cells have an increased number of caveolae, cytoplasmic organelles, and decreased levels of heterochromatin. (wikipedia.org)
  • To further define which neurons express Eph, antibodies were generated to the cytoplasmic portion of the Eph protein. (sdbonline.org)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • There is also evidence suggesting that these cells are capable of fusing with existing myofibers to facilitate growth and repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myocyte nuclear factor (MNF), and c-met proto-oncogene (receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)) are less commonly used markers. (wikipedia.org)
  • In response to mechanical strain, satellite cells become activated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)