Undergo ligands receptor epidermal growth factor. Medical search. Frequent questions

This study aimed to identify novel genetic variants in the CR2 extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in healthy individuals and patients with six different types of adenocarcinoma, in Arabian peninsula populations. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations spurred better cancer patients characterization particularly at the level of cancer markers such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, upon binding to ligands like EGF or TGF-α, the EGFR undergoes autophospholrylation that leads to the activation of several signal-transduction cascades, and cell cycle-progression [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
EGF receptor is concomitant to domains rearrangement in a way that domain I and III are accessible for EGF and when domain II dimerizes with another EGFR unfolded tethered form that rotated 90° on its vertical axis. (biomedcentral.com)
The efficient use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as therapeutical agents in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on identification of patients likely to show clinical benefit from these specific treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) controls a wide range of cellular processes, and aberrant EGFR signaling as a result of receptor overexpression and/or mutation occurs in many types of cancer. (nebraska.edu)
Emerging data suggest that a number of factors are critical for the mutant EGFR-dependent tumorigenicity, and bypassing the effects of TKIs on these pathways promotes drug resistance. (nebraska.edu)
It is now well-established that the potency and spatiotemporal features of cellular signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR, as well as the specific pathways activated, is determined by the nature of endocytic traffic pathways through which the active receptors traverse. (nebraska.edu)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) belongs to a family of tyrosine kinase receptors including Human EGF Receptors (HER) 2, 3, and 4 which all play important roles in cell growth and differentiation. (bioworlde.com)
Evidence suggests EGFR is an excellent target for pharmacologic intervention in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) due to its high level of expression and prominent role in tumor growth and metastasis. (bioworlde.com)
EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. (graduateway.com)
The small molecule compound, Erlotinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR antagonist) and belongs to molecular targeted therapy Drugs. (lookchem.com)
It can inhibit the phosphorylation reaction through competing with adenosine triphosphate to bind to the catalytic region of the receptor tyrosine kinase, thereby blocking the down-proliferation signaling and inhibiting the activity of the tumor cell ligand-dependent HER-1/EGFR, thus achieving the inhibition of the proliferation of tumor cells. (lookchem.com)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) continues to be implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) carcinogenesis. (ecolowood.com)
The HER Alosetron family is comprised of four unique receptors: EGFR (also known as HER1 or ErbB-1) HER2 (ErbB-2 Neu) HER3 (ErbB-3) and HER4 (ErbB-4). (ecolowood.com)
They may be created as transmembrane precursors and could become subdivided into three organizations according with their affinity for just one or even more HER receptors: the 1st group includes ligands that bind specifically to EGFR (e.g. (ecolowood.com)
Once activated these pathways contribute to the development of a malignant cellular phenotype including resistance to apoptosis increased proliferation invasion metastasis and stimulation of angiogenesis (Figure 1).1 Figure 1 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway activation during HNSCC carcinogenic process. (ecolowood.com)
For NSCLC, much of the work in the last decade has been focussed on mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and on the abnormal fusion of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) being inhibited successfully with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and crizotinib respectively. (amegroups.org)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are part of an emerging class of anticancer medicines known as "targeted therapy," which target pathways more specific to neoplastic proliferation than traditional chemotherapeutic agents. (medscape.com)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in epithelial tissues as well as hair follicles. (medscape.com)
Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, selectively bind the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site of the EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor, inhibiting the receptor's intracellular domain via preventing phosphorylation. (medscape.com)
In contrast, monoclonal antibodies that target EGFR, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, bind to its extracellular domain and competitively inhibit endogenous ligand binding to the receptor. (medscape.com)
There are also combination therapies that affect multiple receptors such as lapatinib (approved for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive [HER2+] breast cancer) and afatinib (approved for non-small cell lung cancer), which inhibit both the EGFR and HER2 receptors, and vandetanib (approved for advanced medullary thyroid cancer), which inhibits EGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), and rearranged during transfection (RET) activities. (medscape.com)
The tyrosine kinases of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) constitute the beginning of one signal transduction cascade leading to AP-1 activation and are known to control cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase which acts as a master switch leading to activation of the transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and other related pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
EGFR (HER1, ErbB1) is a member of the EGFR (HER, ErbB) subfamily of proteins, which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular EGF-related ligand-binding region, a transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region with a tyr kinase domain and a regulatory C-terminal tail. (umbc.edu)
Upon ligand binding, EGFR can form homo- or heterodimers with other EGFR subfamily members. (umbc.edu)
The EGFR signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and growth. (umbc.edu)
An epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a typical influencer, where phenotypic changes occur by over expression, amplification, and mutation [5]. (genesispub.org)
Despite initial and often dramatic responses of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-addicted lung tumors to the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib nearly all develop resistance and relapse. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Also adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs was accompanied by an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as assessed by changes in CDH1 VIM ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression and altered growth properties in Matrigel. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Thus induction of FGF2 and FGFR1 following chronic adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs provides a novel autocrine receptor tyrosine kinase-driven bypass pathway in a subset of lung cancer cell lines that are initially sensitive to EGFR-specific TKIs. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
OPN synergizes with signaling through the EGFR (epidermal growth factor) and HGF (hepatocyte growth factor). (shu.edu)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status assessment has become increasingly important given the significant impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer management. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status is regarded as a particularly important element for improving non squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Both lead to ligand-independent activation of the tyrosine kinase domain and confer sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). (biomedcentral.com)

All RTKs consists of an extracellular ligand binding region, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic region (the tyrosine kinase domain). (wikipedia.org)
Ligand binding to the extracellular domain induces dimerization. (wikipedia.org)
While the extracellular domain contains numerous epidermal growth factor-like repeats for ligand binding, the intracellular domain is involved in cell signaling. (thermofisher.com)
The notch gene belongs to a family of epidermal growth factor (EGF) like homeotic genes, which encode transmembrane proteins with a variable number of cysteine-rich EGF-like repeats in the extracellular region. (thermofisher.com)
Its structure consists of an extracellular ligand-binding website a Alosetron single transmembrane hydrophobic helix and a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal website to which tyrosine kinase activity is definitely limited.1 HER receptors are usually located in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells where they can interact with their ligands present in the stroma thus mediating signaling between the epithelium and the extra-cellular matrix. (ecolowood.com)
HER2 does not have any identified ligand an undeniable fact explained from the structure from the extracellular area from the receptor which is already in an activated conformation and does not allow ligand docking. (ecolowood.com)
Once the ligand binds to the extracellular domain the receptor undergoes a conformational change of this region which allows homodimerization or heterodimerization with another activated receptor of the HER family. (ecolowood.com)
The receptor itself is composed of extracellular, transmembrane, and tyrosine kinase domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Ligand binding elicits a conformational change of the extracellular domain leading to receptor dimerization and subsequent transphosphorylation of intracellular domain tyrosines. (biomedcentral.com)
It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). (cancerindex.org)

In approximately 20% of breast cancers the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene (c-erb-B2, ERRB2 or HER2), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (RTK1) family, is amplified and overexpressed at the receptor level and these tumor characteristics are significantly associated with poor clinical outcome [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Second-line and subsequent therapy may involve single agents (eg, taxanes) or molecular therapy, such as ramucirumab to target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor or trastuzumab for metastatic adenocarcinoma that overexpresses HER2. (medscape.com)
For the validation of the pretargeting strategy based on these HaloTag® ligands, the target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)was selected. (promegaconnections.com)
All three 111 In-labelled HaloTa®g ligands exhibited significantly higher binding to the HER2 expressing when compared to negative controls. (promegaconnections.com)
EPHA1, EPHA2, EFNA3, and EFNA4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- (HER2-) positive tumors than in HER2-negative tumors. (hindawi.com)
Although neither kinase-dead human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3 nor orphan HER2 can be activated by HER-related ligands on their own, the formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers creates the most mitogenic and transforming receptor complex within the HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
It remains to be elucidated whether reactivation of HER3 signalling can also account for the poor efficacy of HER TKIs in treating breast carcinomas that contain low overall levels of HER2 receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it appears that regardless of the mechanism that triggers the formation of oncogenic HER2/HER3 heterodimers (HER2 over-expression or overall low HER2 but high levels of the HER3 ligand heregulin), HER3 transphosphorylation is a common response of breast cancer cells upon treatment with current inhibitors of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase network. (biomedcentral.com)
Fulvestrant (Faslodex) was approved by the FDA for hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative locally-advanced or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women not previously treated with endocrine therapy. (medscape.com)
Palbociclib and ribociclib are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4, 6 inhibitors indicated in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. (medscape.com)

Liquid biopsy: The genomic alterations of solid cancers can be identified by evaluating circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood This procedure is used more in patients who cannot undergo traditional biopsy, but can also be performed in other patients to gather more evidence for management. (medscape.com)
5-FU inhibits tumor cell growth through at least 3 different mechanisms that ultimately disrupt DNA synthesis or cellular viability. (medscape.com)
Family A receptors (EPHA) and ligands (EFNA) can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and are implicated in chemoresistance. (hindawi.com)
Special advances are achieved in HER-positive tumors using targeted therapy with drugs which suppress the tumor cell growth factors (trastuzumab, herceptin). (cttjournal.com)
This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
Nevertheless, the composition of the immunologic tumor microenvironment undergoes changes upon radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or even after anti-angiogenic therapy ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
KEYTRUDA is an anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) therapy that works by increasing the ability of the body's immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. (merck.com)
KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells. (merck.com)

Growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) are upregulated to stimulate angiogenesis, while downregulation of endogenous protein inhibitors (thrombospondin 1 and interferon) disrupts the balance of physiologic angiogenesis. (cancernetwork.com)
Translational research advances now allow such mutations to be inhibited by either receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). (amegroups.org)
Also, the growth-inhibitory effects of HER1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were previously found to be attenuated in the presence of heregulin, which is a high-affinity combinatorial ligand for HER3. (biomedcentral.com)
Several of these have undergone clinical trials, including low-molecular-weight inhibitors with highly selective and reversible tyrosine kinase inhibiting properties [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Drug discovery efforts targeting this receptor and other pathway components have centred on monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
The small molecule inhibitors Gefitinib (Iressa) and Erlotinib (Tarceva), already used for NSCLC, are undergoing clinical trials for other types of cancer including gastrointestinal, breast, head and neck, and bladder. (umbc.edu)

This signal transduction pathway is initiated by epidermal growth factor ligands binding to and activating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) at the cell membrane. (hindawi.com)
Following dimerization there is increased intracellular kinase activity of the receptor through a proximity effect resulting in phosphorylation of critical tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic domain which then triggers the signal transduction cascade. (ecolowood.com)
Eph/ephrin signal transduction occurs not only in the receptor-expressing cell but also in the ligand-expressing cell via bidirectional signaling [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and death are regulated by signal transduction pathways which commonly exert their function through receptor mediated activation. (biomedcentral.com)
In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. (lookformedical.com)
Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION . (lookformedical.com)
Recently, several novel agents targeting growth factor receptors, angiogenic pathways, adhesion molecules and mediators of intracellular signal transduction have been clinically explored. (docksci.com)

Among a number of various molecules, Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) play a critical role in transducing signals through a range of signaling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
RAS and Rho small GTPases are key molecular switches that control cell dynamics, cell growth and tissue development through their distinct signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)
Perhaps the best comprehensive studies are those cell signalling pathways that are triggered by growth factors. (rawveronica.com)
These mutations in receptors or protein kinases can stimulate a complex cascade of cross signalling pathways such as the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK or MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR or JAK-STAT pathways ( Figure 2 ) ( 3 , 4 , 7 , 18 , 20 ). (amegroups.org)
Third, it has become a paradigm for examining the interactions among regulatory pathways, notably the antagonism of EGF-receptor ( LET-23 ) and Notch ( LIN-12 ) pathways. (wormbook.org)

Instead, they are activated by ligand-induced dimerization, leading to the phosphorylation of tyr residues in the C-terminal tail, which serve as binding sites for downstream signaling molecules. (umbc.edu)

An activating hotspot mutation occurs at V600E and results in constitutive MAPK signalling and uncontrolled cellular growth. (hindawi.com)

Prior to ligand stimulation most RTKs present as a monomer on the surface of cells. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play an important role in a variety of cellular processes in cancer [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Ephrins, also known as ephrin ligands, and Eph receptors (Ephs), which are RTKs, are key regulators of physiological and pathological processes involved in development and disease, such as cellular motility, cell repulsion, and cell adhesion [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The notion that breast cancer disease can be viewed as a biological process that is driven by overactive human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)1/2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has led to development of various anti-HER tyrosine kinase agents. (biomedcentral.com)

Upon binding its membrane-bound ligand (either Delta or Jagged), the Notch receptor undergoes proteolytic cleavage, first by ADAM-family metalloproteases and then by gamma-secretase. (thermofisher.com)
Both receptors and ligands are membrane-bound proteins that require direct cell-cell interaction for activation. (hindawi.com)
PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor that stymies lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion when bound to its membrane-bound or secreted ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2, expressed by both immune and tumour cells [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The intracellular domain of the receptor distinguishes the different CAR T-cell generations as shown in Figure 1. (cambridgemedicine.org)

The breasts, uterus, and other female organs are composed of cells that contain estrogen receptors and estrogen circulating in the blood binds to these receptors and stimulates growth-related activities in the cell. (texasoncology.com)
Recognition of antigens by T-cells is mediated by T-cell receptor (TCR), which binds to peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (6). (cambridgemedicine.org)
MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) cleaves OPN-c, thereby releasing a 5 kDa fragment that binds to CD44 receptors and induces hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis . (shu.edu)

This cell surface receptor is involved in T cell lineage commitment, thymocyte development, and Th2 differentiation. (thermofisher.com)
the 3rd group contains ligands to HER3 and HER4 (tomoregulin neuregulins/heregulins neu differentiation element). (ecolowood.com)
It contributes to epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and hair growth. (medscape.com)

More recent work has shown that mutant EGFRs undergo ligand-independent traffic into the endocytic recycling compartment, a behavior that plays a key role in Src pathway activation and oncogenesis. (nebraska.edu)
The anchor cell induces nearby epidermal precursor cells to generate vulval cells via an epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway. (wormbook.org)
Most prostate cancers can be treated by targeting the androgen-receptor pathway and decreasing androgen production or binding to androgen receptors (AR). (bjbms.org)

In November 2004, the product was first approved in the United States for the treatment of local advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which has been undergone at least one time of chemotherapy failure. (lookchem.com)
Our findings systematically elucidate the expression pattern and prognostic value of the EPHA/EFNA family in BrCa, which might provide potential prognostic factors and novel targets in BrCa patients, including those with different subtypes or treated with chemotherapy. (hindawi.com)
Here, we report a case of an older adult patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgery following combined treatment of immunotherapy and chemotherapy and achieved pathological complete response. (springeropen.com)
In this report, we describe a case of an older adult patient with stage IVB ESCC who underwent surgery following chemotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor and pathologically confirmed complete response. (springeropen.com)
Endocrine or "hormone" therapy is usually the first treatment for hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer and chemotherapy is reserved for the treatment of cancers that no longer respond to endocrine therapy, hormone receptor negative cancers, or individuals requiring immediate shrinkage of the cancer. (texasoncology.com)
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonly used adjuvant therapies in GBM patients who have undergone surgery. (biomedcentral.com)

AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)

BRAF is a protein kinase and part of the MAP kinase signalling cascade which involves transduction of a growth signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus via a chain of protein kinases and is responsible for cellular proliferation and survival. (hindawi.com)
Antineoplastic agents inhibit cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
Platinum compounds inhibit cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
Early neural stem cells entirely respond to fibroblast growth factor2 (FGF2 or bFGF), and the loss of FGF ligands or FGF receptors results in a significant diminution of neural stem cell proliferation[43]. (rawveronica.com)
On the other hand, the late emerging neural stem cells demand either FGF2 or epidermal growth factor for their proliferation[44]. (rawveronica.com)

These cells secrete immune inhibitory growth factors and cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is primarily produced by microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). (encyclopedia.pub)

The procedure undergoes sequential degrees of activity, starting ab initio from the cell surface and then moving towards the intracellular signaling tracts, so gene expression corresponds to cellular responses. (graduateway.com)
AP-1 activation was assessed using an ME180 cell line stably transfected with a beta-lactamase reporter gene under the control of AP-1 response element following epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)
This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a novel therapeutic T-cell engineering option, where T-cells obtained from a patient's blood are engineered ex vivo to express specific tumour antigen receptors. (cambridgemedicine.org)
This review includes the biological basis of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy as a cancer treatment modality, the opportunities and challenges that CAR T-cell therapy offers, and briefly discusses the role of natural killer (NK) cells in cancer management. (cambridgemedicine.org)
Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)

In response, CAR T-cells have been designed with receptors that can proliferate and retain their function following antigen exposure (6). (cambridgemedicine.org)
As cells undergo oncogenesis, neoantigens are released and captured on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/ human leukocyte antigen (HLA) of dendritic cells (DCs) that subsequently mature and migrate to central lymphoid organs. (encyclopedia.pub)

Cancer cells that have estrogen receptors are referred to as estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) cancers. (texasoncology.com)
To the contrary, GEJ cancers are on the rise, with obesity and reﬂux disease being viewed as major risk factors. (docksci.com)
The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient's likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers. (merck.com)
In December 2013, Hoffmann-La Roche, manufacturer of capecitabine (Xeloda), an oral agent for the treatment of breast and colorectal cancers, reported that in rare cases, patients using the drug may develop potentially fatal cutaneous disease, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. (medscape.com)

EGF-receptor and Notch signaling are antagonistic: EGF-receptor signaling leads to down-regulation of the Notch-like receptor LIN-12 , while LIN-12 signaling induces negative regulators of EGF-receptor signaling such as MAP kinase phosphatase LIP-1 and the tyrosine kinase ARK-1. (wormbook.org)
The protein kinase target class is now the second largest group of drug targets behind G-protein-coupled-receptors [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. (umbc.edu)
Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. (lookformedical.com)

The ligands can have a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (A type) or a membrane-spanning protein domain (B type). (hindawi.com)
The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) has been implicated in a large variety of biological processes including oncogenic transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
In a retrospective study of 171 patients with NSCLC, OPN and thrombospondin-1 (a matrix protein that induces proliferating endothelial cells to secrete Fas ligand, which mediates apoptosis) levels were compared. (shu.edu)
Surface receptors such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and nuclear transcription factors attenuate T cell responses, where CTLA-4 competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/86, resulting in inhibitory downstream signalling [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The use of anti-angiogenesis in uterine cancer is currently still undergoing more basic investigation, with clinical trials in earlier stages. (cancernetwork.com)

When cells that have estrogen receptors become cancerous, exposure to estrogen increases the cancer's growth. (texasoncology.com)
The growth of some breast cancer cells can be prevented or slowed by reducing the exposure to estrogen. (texasoncology.com)

Linkage and comparative mapping studies indicate that the transferred chromosome segment contains a number of candidate genes for hypertension, including genes encoding a brain dopamine receptor and a renal epithelial potassium channel. (jci.org)

Today's researcher's task is to interpret the binding of anatomically varied molecules at a common receptor site. (graduateway.com)

The cryo-EM structure of the endocytic receptor DEC-205. (uci.edu)

Notch receptors are 300-kDa single-pass transmembrane proteins. (thermofisher.com)

Despite methodological differences, findings evidence that although IBC presents particular features (lower survival rate and worse prognostics than most types of breast cancer), very few studies examine its epidemiology and specific risk factors in depth and use any other therapeutic approaches than those commonly used for other breast cancer subtypes. (bvsalud.org)

The surface of the cell is where the ligand-receptor and receptor-receptor interactions occur. (graduateway.com)
It is noted that cell self-renewal is tightly connected to this growth factor responsive potential. (rawveronica.com)
A single cell of the somatic gonad, the anchor cell, organizes the development of the vulva from epidermal precursors as well as the physical connection of the epidermis with the uterus. (wormbook.org)
The reversed polarity of the posterior 2 ° precursor cell lineage requires WNT signaling mediated by both Frizzled class and Ryk class WNT-receptors LIN-17 and LIN-18 , respectively. (wormbook.org)
The anchor cell also patterns nearby uterine cells, via the DSL ligand LAG-2 and LIN-12 , to generate the four uv1 cells that form the tight connection with the vulva. (wormbook.org)
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. (lookformedical.com)
A particle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heterologous polypeptide has specific binding affinity for a cognate receptor on die surface of an eukaryotic cell, binding to which does not allow infection of the cell by the viral particle. (sumobrain.com)
A particle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heterologous polypeptide sterically hinders binding of d e viral glycoprotein to its cognate receptor on the eukaryotic cell. (sumobrain.com)
A particle acording to claim 11 , wherein the protease cleavage site becomes accessible after the heterologous polypeptide has bound to its cognate receptor on the eukaryotic cell. (sumobrain.com)
In adapted cell lines exhibiting increased FGF2 and FGFR1 expression measures of growth and signaling but not EMT were blocked by FGFR-specific TKIs an FGF-ligand trap and FGFR1 silencing with RNAi. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
In parental HCC4006 cells cell growth was strongly inhibited by gefitinib although drug-resistant clones progress within 10 days. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
It interacts with many cell surface receptors including integrins and CD44. (shu.edu)
Here, the peptide neoantigen on the DCs' MHC is presented to the awaiting CD4 + or CD8 + T cell receptor (TCR) complex. (encyclopedia.pub)
This immunosuppressive helper T cell phenotype can be further induced by the zinc-finger transcription factor GATA3, which regulates Th2 cytokine expression [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The interaction between ligands and receptors via bidirectional signaling and its involvement in cancer biology are mediated by complex processes [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this study we investigate the properties of populations of brain cancer undergoing electrotaxis, a phenomenon whereby cells are directed to migrate under control of an electrical field. (nature.com)
The occurrence of prostate cancer is associated with many risk factors, including genetic and hereditary predisposition. (bjbms.org)
Designer T and NK cells are a modality within immunotherapy that manipulates receptor-ligand interactions to enhance cells of the immune system to destroy cancer more effectively. (encyclopedia.pub)

Description: This MHN1-519 monoclonal antibody reacts with human Notch1, one of four members of the Notch family of receptors. (thermofisher.com)

Lyophilized recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (rhEGFR) remains stable up to 6 months at -80°C from date of receipt. (bioworlde.com)
Recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (rhEGFR) with C-terminal 6xHis-tag produced in Sf9 insect cells is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 627 amino acids. (bioworlde.com)

OPN induces the expression of oxidoreductases, which protects cells from anoikis during anchorage independent growth. (shu.edu)

Subsequently, binding of the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor to the DCs' CD80/86 receptor fully activates the cytotoxic T cells which then migrate to infiltrate the tumour and kill the cells by locally releasing perforin and granzymes [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

For example, the half-life Saracatinib AZD0530 of enoxaparin sodium 4 h after a single subcutaneous dose and 7 hours after repeated doses, significant anti-factor Xa activity t in the plasma consists of 12 hours after a 40-mg sc single dose, w During the station re state is reached, the second day of treatment. (syksignaling.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms9

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Chemicals and Drugs129

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes52

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EGFR36

Extracellular10

HER210

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Inhibitors6

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Intracellular domain1

Binds3

Differentiation3

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Chemotherapy6

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