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This intermediate then undergoes irreversible hydrolytic deamination to create uracil sulfonate. (wikipedia.org)
2-Aminomuconate semialdehyde derivatives undergoes hydrolytic deamination (bt0032) to form the 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde product. (ethz.ch)
In mammals, the most prevalent form of RNA editing involves the conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) by hydrolytic deamination at the C6 position of adenine (Figure 1 a) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ADAR enzymes catalyze the A-to-I hydrolytic deamination reaction, by which an adenosine loses an amine group and is converted to inosine. (biomedcentral.com)

5 T4 can also undergo ether bond cleavage or oxidative deamination but these pathways are incredibly minor. (drugbank.com)
Second, some of the lysine residues are hydroxylated or glycosylated, and some lysine as well as hydroxylysine residues undergo oxidative deamination catalysed by lysyl oxidase. (gotoh.com.br)

The nucleotides within tRNAs undergo further chemical modifications such as methylation and deamination by a diverse set of enzymes (reviewed in Helm and Alfonzo 2014, Boschi-Muller and Motorin 2013). (reactome.org)
The catabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides, like that of purine nucleotides (Chapter 10), involves dephosphorylation, deamination, and glycosidic bond cleavage. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
â ¢Nucleotides of cell undergo continual turnover. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
This can be done by deamination, insertion, or deletion of nucleotides. (stemcelldaily.com)

CpG stability in these elements can be explained by the neutral effect of slow deamination alone, that goes with the lack of methylation, with no evidence of selection on CpG densities going on. (epigenie.com)
These regions are typically methylated and may be sequences that were previously protected from methylation or underwent biased gene conversion, but then lost the mechanism stabilizing their CpG content. (epigenie.com)

However, treating DNA with bisulfite prior to sequencing leads to deamination of cytosine, but leaves the modified cytosine residues unchanged. (helsinki.fi)
5-formyl cytosine undergoes deamination in bisulfite treatment, which allows distinguishing between the two. (helsinki.fi)

3-Carboxyl catechols, such as 2,3-dihydroxy- p -cumate , undergo decarboxylation of the 3-carboxy group following meta cleavage. (ethz.ch)
MSc Medical Biochemistry, Ph.D,. Next two steps are deamination and pentose residue cleavage (nucleosidation) â different order in adenine and guanosine degradation. (hotelsunshine.co.in)

After such deamination the nucleotide is interpreted differently at the ribosome in the translation process which constructs proteins. (blogspot.com)

pyrimidine catabolism phosphate synthetase-II undergo breakdown such that useful parts can be triggered by administration of 5-fluorouracil to with! (euroasfalti.net)
Depending upon energy needs G-6-PO 4 undergoes either catabolism to form energy or anabolism to form glycogen, the storage form of glucose, in liver and muscles. (oncohemakey.com)

In addition to the four alternating bases, DNA in living cells undergoes covalent modifications. (helsinki.fi)
Eukaryotic RNA transcripts can undergo a range of post-transcriptional modifications, which increase the diversity of the transcriptome without requiring increases in genome size. (biomedcentral.com)

Within the Krebs cycle acetyl-CoA, combined with oxaloacetate, undergoes cycles involving eight enzymes, in which reducing equivalents are produced which then enter the electron transfer chain for the production of energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (oncohemakey.com)

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. (cancerindex.org)
Adenosine deamination and the ADAR enzyme family. (biomedcentral.com)
m7G-Seq utilizes chemical reduction and deamination to selectively convert the m7G site into the basic site, and by reverse transcription enzyme to successfully detect the m7G signal within the mRNA (11). (beds.ac.uk)

Our bodies constantly undergo protein turnover, which involves the breakdown of existing proteins and the synthesis of new proteins. (shalom-education.com)

Production of a protein with a stable triple helix requires coexpression with the two types of recombinant prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collagen,_type_III,_alpha_1&oldid=984348032, Wikipedia articles with corresponding academic peer reviewed articles, Wikipedia articles with corresponding articles published in Gene, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 October 2020, at 17:07. (gotoh.com.br)

In 98 dumped patients who underwent oriented bypass, average BMI was chewy from 50. (angelfire.com)
Patients undergoing treatment with FLUDARA (fludarabine) FOR INJECTION should be evaluated and closely monitored for hemolysis . (rxlist.com)

UV or X-ray deamination base slippage What is a simple mechanism to repair UV induced tymine dimerization? (usadellab.org)

Relatively few of them undergo chemical reduction , because it requires lack of oxygen. (healthknot.com)

The primary transcript undergoes various processing steps before becoming a mature mRNA that can be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. (stemcelldaily.com)

Library preparation protocols undergo DNA fragmentation, end repair, dA-tailing, and adapter ligation prior to bisulfite treatment and library amplification. (wikipedia.org)

Once the caterpillar has had enough to eat, it spins itself inside a cocoon and its body undergoes a metamorphosis from soft larvae to adult butterfly, sporting compound eyes, wings, and legs. (activemotif.com.cn)

Normal healthy women undergoing minor procedures may be seen by both the surgeon and the anesthesia personnel on the day of surgery in the preoperative holding area. (medscape.com)

In this case, the cell establishes all uracil based found in DNA that have undergone cytosine deamination, and thus can repair the DNA molecule. (excellingpaper.com)
These skews reflect mainly those in protein coding sequences, which are driven by asymmetric mutation pressures during replication and transcription (notably asymmetric cytosine deamination) plus subsequent selection for preferred structures, signals, amino acid or codons. (biomedcentral.com)
Contribution of asymmetric cytosine deamination was found to be weak to TAP in most phyla, and strong to RAP in all the Proteobacteria but weak in most of the Firmicutes. (biomedcentral.com)

Adenosine residues in RNA are most targeted for modification and can undergo for example, methylation or deamination. (helsinki.fi)
This occurs by the inhibition of intracellular reuptake and deamination of adenosine. (medscape.com)
The genetic mutations in ADA2 gene have been associated to an insufficient ADA2 activity leading to reduction in deamination of adenosine to deoxyadenosine, and a consequent accumulation of extracellular adenosine. (unige.it)
Results: We enrolled 14 patients with Adenosine Deaminase 2 deficiency diagnosis who underwent blood sampling at out Center, collecting also plasma samples from further 6 genetically confirmed DADA2 patients enrolled by other Italian Pediatric Rheumatology Units. (unige.it)
The enzyme adenosine deaminase is a housekeeping in nature and is involved in purine catabolism by catalyzing irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine. (jumdc.com)

However it is not known mechanistically how Apo3A interacts with ssDNA to catalyze deaminations of cytosine to uracil. (ecolowood.com)
when CNV K was cross-linked with a dC residue in duplex DNA, heating at 90 degree C for 3.5 hours led to deamination of the cytosine base to form uracil in the complementary strand. (genelink.com)

Norepinephrine generated from L-DOPS undergoes substantial degradation by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. (nih.gov)

or NUCLEIC ACIDS.The reaction with reducing sugars (glycation) results in formation of Schiff bases which undergo Amadori rearrangement and other reactions that result in the irreversible formation of ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS (AGEs). (bvsalud.org)

Once these compounds and/or their metabolites are excreted, they may undergo degradation in the aquatic environment. (leuphana.de)
This enzyme catalyzes the deamination of N-formimino-l-glutamate to N-formyl-l-glutamate and ammonia in the histidine degradation pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
Help resides in the cytoplasm mainly, and nuclear Help undergoes fast ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, leading to the half-life of nuclear Help to become three times shorter than that of cytoplasmic Help (15). (scapca.org)

In this case, RNA often undergoes hydrolysis about 100 times faster than DNA, an aspect that makes DNA a more stable molecule. (excellingpaper.com)

DOPAL undergoes carbonyl metabolism primarily via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes to a less toxic acid product. (nih.gov)

Deamination of amino acids for synthesis of glucose or lipids. (jackwestin.com)
It performs a process called deamination, where it breaks down the amino acids. (shalom-education.com)

These metabolites undergo further metabolism to yield over 30 uncharacterized metabolites. (medscape.com)

Characterization of human lens crystallins by mass spectrometry has demonstrated that betaB2-crystallin undergoes less modification than any of the other crystallins. (nih.gov)

However, over evolutionary time, methylated Cs tend to turn into Ts because of spontaneous deamination. (ucsc.edu)

Here we assessed APOBEC3A deamination activity on ssDNA and in dynamic systems modeling HIV replication (cytoplasmic event) and DNA transcription (nuclear event). (ecolowood.com)
Here we have characterized the deamination mechanisms of Apo3A on ssDNA and two reconstituted systems that represent HIV replication and DNA transcription. (ecolowood.com)
Model HIV Replication Assay The model HIV replication assay and subsequent detection of Apo3-catalyzed deamination was performed as explained previously (29). (ecolowood.com)

LOXL2 secretes as 100-kDa full-length protein (fl-LOXL2) and then undergoes proteolytic cleavage of the first two scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains to yield 60-kDa protein (Δ1-2SRCR-LOXL2). (ku.edu)
Our bodies constantly undergo protein turnover, which involves the breakdown of existing proteins and the synthesis of new proteins. (shalom-education.com)

We further assessed APOBEC3A for the ability to deaminate dsDNA undergoing transcription which could allow for security deaminations to occur in genomic DNA similar to the action of activation-induced cytidine deaminase. (ecolowood.com)

able to deaminate dsDNA undergoing transcription suggests a genomic cost of a deamination-based retroviral restriction system. (ecolowood.com)
Furthermore the Apo3A-based viral restriction system may have a genomic cost as Apo3A is able to deaminate dsDNA undergoing transcription. (ecolowood.com)

Computational docking of high-energy tetrahedral intermediate forms of the substrate, N-formimino-l-glutamate, to the three-dimensional structure of Pa5106 suggests that this compound likely undergoes a re-faced nucleophilic attack at the formimino group by the metal-bound hydroxide. (elsevierpure.com)

The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes that undergo rapid turnover, while the dermis contains dense layers of connective tissue. (lecturio.com)

Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis . (wikipedia.org)
Skeletal muscle, like all cells, undergoes glycolysis but also utilizes local glycogen storage, employing glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. (jackwestin.com)
Microscopy analysis using Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V fluorescent dyes revealed that cells treated with R-S5-C1-H1 underwent apoptotic cell death, while chemometric analysis suggested that apoptosis was triggered 48 h after treatment with R-S5-C1-H1. (nature.com)
The cells were maintained in suspension with a magnetic stirrer, underwent excitation at 380 nm, and emission signals were recorded at 560 nm. (docksci.com)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is characterized by keratinocyte Keratinocyte Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. (lecturio.com)

In the process of ontogenetic development of plants, their alkaloid content undergoes quantitative and sometimes qualitative changes, and each species has its own regularities. (medprep.info)

Oligonucleotide incorporated with a 3-cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside ( CNV K) can be induced to undergo rapid photo cross-linking to the complementary strand at one wavelength and rapid reversal of the cross-link is possible at a second wavelength. (genelink.com)

Library preparation protocols undergo DNA fragmentation, end repair, dA-tailing, and adapter ligation prior to bisulfite treatment and library amplification. (wikipedia.org)

Chemicals and Drugs41

Phenomena and Processes9

Information Science2

Hydrolytic deamination4

Oxidative2

Nucleotides4

Methylation2

Cytosine2

Cleavage2

Nucleotide1

Catabolism2

Modifications2

Enzymes1

Enzyme3

Involves1

Gene1

Patients2

Mechanism1

Chemical1

Steps1

Treatment1

Body1

Minor1

Cytosine deamination3

Adenosine5

Uracil2

Monoamine oxidase1

Irreversible1

Degradation3

Hydrolysis1

Aldehyde1

Amino acids2

Metabolism1

Modification1

Spontaneous1

Replication3

Protein2

Occur1

Transcription2

Suggests1

Primarily1

Cells5

Process1

Rapid1

Repair1