• Nevertheless, these patients manifest a condition termed clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), referring to the clonally expanded HSC pool, and are at increased risk for developing a hematologic malignancy. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In fact, if you have clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and have an ASCT, there is a good chance that you will develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
  • Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a condition characterized by the presence of genetically distinct populations of blood cells, specifically in the hematopoietic (blood-forming) system. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
  • Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is the presence of a clonally expanded hematopoietic stem cell caused by a leukemogenic mutation in individuals without evidence of hematologic malignancy, dysplasia, or cytopenia. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
  • If they demonstrate high affinity for self-antigen, one method of preventing autoimmunity is through clonal deletion. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is important to note that not all lymphocytes expressing high affinity for self-antigen undergo clonal deletion. (wikipedia.org)
  • B cells demonstrating high affinity for self antigen can undergo clonal deletion within the bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
  • Complete clonal deletion results in apoptosis of all B and T lymphocytes expressing high affinity for self antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because most autoresponsive cells undergo clonal deletion, this allows microorganisms with epitopes similar to host antigen to escape recognition and detection by T and B lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, they undergo antigen-driven clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma and memory cells. (rupress.org)
  • We suggest that foci may represent regions of predominantly interclonal competition for antigen among unmutated B cells, while germinal centers are sites of intraclonal clonal competition between mutated sister lymphocytes. (duke.edu)
  • After encountering the appropriate antigen, some B cells undergo clonal proliferation into plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In immunology, clonal deletion is the removal through apoptosis of B cells and T cells that have expressed receptors for self before developing into fully immunocompetent lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Incomplete clonal deletion results in apoptosis of most autoreactive B and T lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most CD8 cells are directed to lytic antigens initially, and these cells rapidly undergo apoptosis ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Alternatively, cells that sense injury or loss of mitochondrial integrity may undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). (massgenomics.org)
  • The promotion phase is characterized by the clonal expansion of initiated cells due to suppressed apoptosis. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Thus, clonal deletion can help protect individuals against autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clonal deletion is thought to be the most common type of negative selection. (wikipedia.org)
  • If autoreactive cells escape clonal deletion in either the thymus or the bone marrow, there are mechanisms in the periphery involving T regulatory cells to prevent the host from obtaining an autoimmune disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, for both B and T cells in the primary lymphoid organs, clonal deletion is the most common form of negative selection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such T cells are often removed via clonal deletion, leaving autoreactive B cells unstimulated and unactivated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most of these undergo negative selection by clonal deletion. (wikipedia.org)
  • T cells that show a high affinity for self MHC/peptide complexes can undergo clonal deletion in the thymus. (wikipedia.org)
  • T cells also have the opportunity to undergo clonal deletion within the thymic medulla if they express high affinity for self MHC/peptide complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Positive selection occurs in the thymic cortex, which suggests it is possible for a cell to undergo positive selection within the cortex and then negative selection in the medulla via clonal deletion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epithelial cells are responsible for clonal deletion within the medulla. (wikipedia.org)
  • Complete clonal deletion can lead to opportunities for molecular mimicry, which has adverse effects for the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, incomplete clonal deletion allows for a balance between the host's ability to recognize foreign antigens and self antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clonal deletion provides an incentive for microorganisms to develop epitopes similar to proteins found within the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • CT10 Chapter 24: A 'New' Road to Tolerance: Clonal Deletion and Drugs Added When Needed (DAWN). (terasaki.org)
  • A "New" Road to Tolerance: Clonal Deletion and Drugs Added When Needed (DAWN). (terasaki.org)
  • We propose clonal deletion--immunization followed by deletion--as a \new\" way to achieve tolerance. (terasaki.org)
  • The theory of clonal deletion is supported by experimental evidence as well as earlier experiences with kidney transplants and donor-specific transfusions. (terasaki.org)
  • To date 22 patients who underwent clonal deletion have been surviving for 1.5 to 2.5 years with only low-dose prednisone. (terasaki.org)
  • With DAWN as a tactic ready for intervention and by using antibodies to monitor the completeness of clonal deletion we assure that patients are subjected to the minimal amount of drugs on a personalized basis. (terasaki.org)
  • B-lymphocytes may also undergo clonal deletion. (bvsalud.org)
  • B lymphocytes can also participate in light chain receptor editing, VH gene replacement, or be released and later undergo negative selection in the periphery. (wikipedia.org)
  • T lymphocytes can instead undergo clonal arrest, clonal anergy, and clonal editing. (wikipedia.org)
  • To define the mechanistic basis of clonal hematopoiesis in SDS, we investigate somatic mutations acquired by patients with SDS followed longitudinally. (nature.com)
  • Defining the role of signaling gene mutations during progression should provide biologic insight into clonal evolution and help define prognostic markers for MDS progression. (confex.com)
  • We used eWGS data to define clonal hierarchies for 12 patients, and found that both signaling and transcription factor gene mutations were in subclones (9 of 9, and 7 of 8 clones, respectively), with signaling gene mutations occurring as terminal events during clonal evolution. (confex.com)
  • The method besides its sensitivity, gives a complete view of the clonal distribution of mutations, which is of importance when making therapy decisions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A large clonal or oligoclonal expansion of CD8 cells is observed during infectious mononucleosis ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Using multiple tissues from a single donor enabled identification of the clonal distribution of T cells between tissues, identification of the tissue-specific mutation rate in B cells, and analysis of the cell cycle state and proliferative potential of shared cell types across tissues. (stanford.edu)
  • this has been exceptionally challenging to demonstrate within a clonal community of cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Specifically, Axin2-mutant stem cells were eliminated and even engulfed, whereas p53-deficient stem cells underwent clonal expansion in the mosaic environment and became winner cells. (phys.org)
  • Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
  • Stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal to maintain stem cell reserves, and, when required, to produce new, terminally differentiated cells. (karger.com)
  • The researchers noted that combining single-cell RNA sequencing and B-cell receptor sequencing may offer advantages in detecting clonal or aberrant plasma cells during the early stages of tumorigenesis. (ascopost.com)
  • For instance, these plasma cells might already have undergone clonal expansion but remain less transformed-which may then exhibit genomic and transcriptomic characteristics similar to normal cells and result in misclassification when relying solely on the single-cell RNA sequencing approach. (ascopost.com)
  • Nevertheless, these dividing cells, like other cells, probably undergo spontaneous mutation at a rate of 10(-9) per nucleotide. (nih.gov)
  • However, the tumour cells have undergone hypermutation, 21 23 a feature of the GC reaction during B-cell activation and differentiation. (bmj.com)
  • Recently, in a mouse model of cytomegalovirus, our lab has demonstrated that NK cells undergo clonal expansion during acute viral infection, the population contracts when virus is controlled, but remarkably infection induces a population of "memory" NK cells. (ucsf.edu)
  • anemia, or pancytopenia: Clonal cells can infiltrate bone matrix and/or marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Individual foci and germinal centers represent discrete pauciclonal populations that apparently undergo somatic evolution in the course of the primary response. (duke.edu)
  • 2. The germinal center reaction and mechanisms for clonal selection and self - tolerance. (duke.edu)
  • This now enables investigation of how parameters such as clonal expansion relate to gene expression phenotypes [ 28 ], thereby providing novel insights not accessible by bulk sequencing (e.g. (nature.com)
  • Further, oxidant-induced toxicity in the normal population may facilitate the clonal expansion of the more resistant initiated cell during promotion 2,5,29 . (bvsalud.org)
  • HLF-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing stem cell transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • 7 specimens were from children undergoing chemotherapy treatment for cancer. (who.int)
  • Seven of the children were ized patients, and patients with immuno- undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. (who.int)
  • In phase two, the clonal relationship of strains was additionally analyzed. (hud.ac.uk)
  • To define the prevalence of polyomaviruses in children undergoing transplantation, we collected samples from a longitudinal cohort and tested for the 9 known human polyomaviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • To this end, we established a longitudinal cohort of children undergoing transplantation at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. (cdc.gov)
  • Oral blue nevi are not reported to undergo malignant transformation. (medscape.com)
  • Carcinogenesis is a complex multi-stage process, when the cell phenotype undergoes changes from healthy through precancerous to malignant. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Current surveillance strategies for patients with SDS and other leukemia predisposition syndromes rely on monitoring hematologic status by serial peripheral blood counts to identify worsening cytopenias and bone marrow examinations to identify morphologic changes or development of clonal chromosomal abnormalities 11 . (nature.com)
  • The prospective cohort study comprised a total of 67 patients who underwent surgery for OSCC. (iiarjournals.org)
  • We conducted a two-phase prospective clinical trial in patients undergoing clean orthopedic surgery at a university trauma center in northern Germany. (hud.ac.uk)
  • We sequenced 44 sAML (+ skin) samples for 285 recurrently mutated genes (RMGs) and 12 samples were selected for enhanced whole genome sequencing (eWGS, genome with deep exome coverage) of MDS and sAML samples (+ skin) to determine clonal hierarchy. (confex.com)
  • To investigate cell competition between NPCs, the researchers first developed a novel strategy for genetic mosaic induction and clonal tracking based on a dual-color labeling system. (phys.org)
  • To determine whether cell competition naturally occurs in the developing brain , the researchers collected more than 1,000 mouse brains with clonal labeling of NPCs and studied their fate using short- and long-term lineage tracing. (phys.org)
  • He underwent a repeat kidney biopsy which demonstrated MN with 20% interstitial infiltrate that was PAX5, CD23, CD20 and CD5 stain positive consistent with clonal B-cell lymphoproliferation with features of CLL. (asn-online.org)
  • These approaches provide limited information on the ontogenies and clonal B cell lineages that expand following Env-immunization. (plos.org)
  • Molecular typing of the isolates showed the clonal nature of 4 K. pneumoniae isolates. (who.int)
  • Clonal evolution that leads to emergence of a dominant mutant genotype may potentially affect cellular phenotype as well. (nih.gov)
  • If you are considering an ASCT, please consider undergoing health healthy nutrition, supplementation and lifestyle therapies before, during and after your procedure. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
  • When oxygen is limited, as in muscles that have undergone prolonged exercise, pyruvate is not consumed in the TCA cycle but is rather converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process termed anaerobic glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
  • This collection of articles has not been sponsored and articles have undergone the journal's standard peer review process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We tested this using publicly available MLST data from the Neisseria , which frequently undergo recombination both within and between currently recognised species. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • BECC develops research that targets sustainable management of ecosystem services in a world undergoing rapid change and loss of biodiversity. (lu.se)