Ubiquitin s phase kinase associated proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The decrease in p27 Kip1 levels is the result of increased proteasome-dependent degradation, mediated and rate-limited by its specific ubiquitin ligase subunits S-phase kinase protein (Skp) 2 and cyclin-dependent kinase subunit (Cks) 1. (haifa.ac.il)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase related kinase family is a well-known player in repairing DNA double strand break through non-homologous end joining pathway. (molcells.org)
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), encoded by PRKDC gene, is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, which also includes the two DNA damage repair proteins, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related protein (ATR). (molcells.org)
The IkB alpha antibody outcomes recommend a previously unidentified part from the 2/1 subunit in skeletal c-Kit-IN-2 muscle tissue and support the participation of this proteins in extracellular signalling. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Small is well known about the contribution from the 2/1 subunit because lack of this proteins can be lethal in 2/1-null embryos (Joshi & Taylor, 2006). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
How the deletion from the 2/1 subunit offers such disparate outcomes as lethality in a single set of conditions and little impact in another can be intriguing and shows that this proteins may perform essential functions not linked to EC coupling. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Interacts with casein kinase subunit CSNK2B (PubMed:11546811). (icr.ac.uk)

Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
They take part in SKP CULLIN F-BOX PROTEIN LIGASES , where they can bind to a variety of F-BOX PROTEINS . (nih.gov)
This review focuses on an up-to-date understanding of the functions of E3 ligases in cancers and debates the perspectives of cancer cells that rely on inhibition or activation of ubiquitylation of target proteins. (bmbreports.org)
E3 ligases consist of a large family of more than 600 proteins ( 3 ), and a few E3 ligases have been classified based on their conserved structural domains (e.g. (bmbreports.org)
LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SKP2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Skp2 forms a stable complex with the cyclin A-CDK2 S-phase kinase. (wikipedia.org)
The degradation of p27 via Skp2 requires the accessory protein CKS1B. (wikipedia.org)
however, Skp2 phosphorylation on these residues is dispensable for its subcellular localization and for Skp2 assembly into an active SCF ubiquitin ligase. (wikipedia.org)
It has been shown that as cells enter G0 phase, reducing levels of Skp2 explain the increase in p27Kip1, creating an apparent inverse relationship between Skp2 and p27Kip1. (wikipedia.org)
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), which functions as an F-box protein as part of the SKP1-Cullin 1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, promotes the degradation of cell-cycle inhibitory proteins such as p27 and stimulates ubiquitination and activation of AKT signaling. (aacrjournals.org)
To identify small-molecule inhibitors of SKP2, Chan and colleagues performed high-throughput in silico screening of an in-house chemical library and discovered a compound that potently and specifically inhibited SKP2 but not other F-box proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Pharmacological inactivation of Skp2 SCF ubiquitin ligase restricts cancer stem cell traits and cancer progression. (aacrjournals.org)
PD-1 suppressed the transcription of SKP2 , the substrate recognition component of the SCF Skp2 ubiquitin ligase that leads p27 kip1 to degradation and resulted in accumulation of p27 kip1 (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
Thus, expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), a negative regulator of p27Kip1, significantly enhances the effect of D1NLS and CDK4 on cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
Mechanistically, exosomal miR-378c inactivated HSCs by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through stabilizing E-cadherin via targeting its E3 ubiquitin ligase S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein 2 (SKP2). (biomedcentral.com)
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits of Skp1-Cullin-F-box ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, is necessary for p27 ubiquitination and degradation. (elsevierpure.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Skp2 protein was expressed predominantly in carcinoma cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Western blot analysis showed that Skp2-transfected cells expressed lower levels of p27 protein than the control cells. (elsevierpure.com)

The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which often-but not always-recognize substrates in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
This event also causes phosphorylation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) protein FANCI, triggering its monoubiquitination of the key DNA repair factor FANCD2 by the FA core E3 ligase complex, thereby promoting this central pathway of DNA repair which permits replication to be restarted. (elsevierpure.com)
Interacts with SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (icr.ac.uk)
Identified in a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex together with HINT1 and RBX1. (icr.ac.uk)

The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)

The results show the promise of studying modifiers of activity of intracellular signaling molecules (in particular, mitogen-activated protein kinases) to develop a fundamentally new approach to control the transformation of xenobiotics and to create a new class of pharmaceutical, target regulators of drugs metabolism. (bvsalud.org)

Cyclosome-mediated proteolysis is definitely activated in the metaphase-anaphase transition and its activity is managed during early G1 where it contributes to the prevention of a premature rise of Clbp-Cdc28p kinase activity (Irniger et al. (bio2009.org)
At M-phase exit, MPF is destroyed by ubiquitin-dependent cyclin proteolysis. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus, timely M-phase exit requires a tight coupling of proteolysis-dependent and proteolysis-independent mechanisms of MPF inactivation. (ox.ac.uk)

have reported that increased DNA-PKcs activity can suppress HR repair in G1 phase of cells through increasing RBX1 protein expression, which prompts the neddylation and activity of cullin 1, a key component of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box ubiquitin 3 ligase, consequently mediating ubiquitination and degradation of EXO1. (molcells.org)
Involved in the regulation of the cell cycle G2/M phase through its targeting of the WEE1 kinase for ubiquitination and degradation. (icr.ac.uk)
p53 is regulated by human double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets and binds to p53 promoting ubiquitination and degradation of the protein [6,7]. (nanoker-society.org)

The cyclin D1-Cdk4 complex phosphorylates the pRB protein leading to sequential phosphorylation by cyclin E-Cdk2 and release of free E2F. (shu.edu)
The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
The biochemical mechanisms underlying the phosphorylation and expression of Keap1/Nrf2 proteins that are controlled by the intracellular signaling kinases and ubiquitin-mediated E3 ligase system as well as control of nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Nrf2 by its innate nuclear export signal (NES) are described. (koreascience.kr)
Expression levels of PER2, a clock protein, were elevated in Sik3 -knockdown cells but down-regulated in Sik3 -overexpressing cells, which could be attributed to a phosphorylation-dependent decrease in PER2 protein stability. (elifesciences.org)
Phosphorylation of PINK1 is not only required for the PINK1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin but also induces its kinase activity toward Parkin. (sdbonline.org)
This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). (thermofisher.com)
the cyclin B-cdk 1 complex) is activated at M-phase onset by removal of inhibitory phosphorylation of cdk1 at thr-14 and tyr-15. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus, control of MPF activity via inhibitory phosphorylation is believed to be particularly crucial in regulating transition into, rather than out of, M-phase. (ox.ac.uk)
Using the in vitro cell cycle system derived form Xenopus eggs, here we show, however, that inhibitory phosphorylation of cdk1 contributes to control MPF activity during M-phase exit. (ox.ac.uk)
Inhibitory phosphorylation of MPF correlated with phosphorylation changes of cdc25C, the MPF phosphatase, and physical interaction of cdk1 with wee1, the MPF kinase, during M-phase exit. (ox.ac.uk)
Treatment of M-phase extracts with a mutant cyclin B1-cdk1AF complex, refractory to inhibition by phosphorylation, impaired binding of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) to its co-activator Cdc20 and altered M-phase exit. (ox.ac.uk)

The kinases phosphorylate β-catenin, leading to its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. (rupress.org)

Together, our findings identify ATR as the kinase responsible for activating the FA pathway of DNA repair. (elsevierpure.com)
Within the endothelium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important driver of endothelial injury during sepsis, of which oxidant-sensitive apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is postulated to be a critical upstream regulator. (bvsalud.org)
Although these systems aren't known completely, research survey that appearance of cyst encoding protein and genes is normally upregulated, like the Wnt/-catenin pathway functionally. (globaltechbiz.com)
Equipped with a mouse model of stress (5-HT1A-R-/- mice) and a 5-HT1A-R-expressing hippocampal neuron-derived cell line, HN2-5, our earlier studies have reported that a 5-HT1A-R-mediated signaling pathway functions via extracellular receptor-activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-catalyzed activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKC) to promote synaptogenesis at P15 in the hippocampal CA1 region [12,16]. (thetechnoant.info)
The Parkinson's disease genes pink1 and parkin , which encode a mitochondrially targeted protein kinase, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, participate in a key mitochondrial quality-control pathway that eliminates damaged mitochondria. (sdbonline.org)
The expression of p53 is directly linked to a blockage of cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase and upregulates Bax, cytochrome studies have shown the ability of the bioactive compounds of flavokawain B and alpinetin to target UCK2 enzyme specifically, inducing cell cycle arrest and subsequently leading to cancer cell death, possibly through interfering the MDM2-p53 signalling pathway. (nanoker-society.org)
Introduction Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2) is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of uridine and cytidine to their monophosphate form of uridine and cytidine in an alternative salvage pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis [1]. (nanoker-society.org)

In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)

the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediates the degradation of these mitotic regulatory proteins, controlling their intracellular concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
More recently, the concept of lysosomal storage disease has been expanded to include deficiencies or defects in proteins necessary for the normal post-translational modification of lysosomal enzymes (which themselves are often glycoproteins), activator proteins, or proteins important for proper intracellular trafficking between the lysosome and other intracellular compartments. (medscape.com)

These and other proteins are recognized and degraded by the proteasome from the sequential action of three enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), one of many E2s (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and one of many E3 ubiquitin ligase. (wikipedia.org)
The covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a target protein is catalyzed by the sequential action of a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and a ubiquitin ligase (E3). (bmbreports.org)
3) Clnp-Cdc28p protein kinase phosphorylates the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) Sic1p focusing on it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation via the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Cdc34p (Schwob et al. (bio2009.org)
Abstract Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 is an enzyme that is overexpressed in abnormal cell growth and its implication is considered a hallmark of malignancy. (nanoker-society.org)
The study suggests the possibility of MDM2 protein was downregulated and its suppression subsequently activates the expression of p53 during inhibition of UCK2 enzyme. (nanoker-society.org)

Progression through the cell cycle is tightly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and their interactions with cyclins and CDK inhibitors (CKIs). (wikipedia.org)
A family of structurally-related proteins that were originally identified by their ability to complex with cyclin proteins ( CYCLINS ). (nih.gov)
The transition of one phase to the other in the Go/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle in malignancy cells occurs only after passing through the checkpoints, regulated by cyclins and CDKs, which is usually impaired in malignancy. (globaltechbiz.com)
There is certainly significant overlap between mitotic and S-phase B-cyclins (Schwob et al. (bio2009.org)
In budding fungus activation of S-phase Clbp-Cdc28p proteins kinase depends upon the last activation of Cdc28p connected with another course of G1 cyclins Cln1-3p. (bio2009.org)
The second option entails ubiquitin-mediated degradation of B-type cyclins which requires the cyclosome (Sudakin et al. (bio2009.org)
Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)

BACKGROUND: Loss of the cell-cycle inhibitory protein p27 Kip1 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. (haifa.ac.il)
The inhibitory role of this protein kinase in the biotransformation of this psychotropic agent by hepatocytes was demonstrated. (bvsalud.org)

Ubiquitin Proteasome System Current Insights into Mechanism Cellular Regu. (intechopen.com)
Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)
VCP primarily identifies ubiquitylated proteins in these pathways and mediates their unfolding and degradation by the 26S proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
VCP interacts with adaptor proteins to identify ubiquitylated substrates for degradation by the proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
Interacts with human herpes virus 1 protein ICP0 and associates with the proteasome for degradation (PubMed:11447293, PubMed:11805320, PubMed:12060736). (icr.ac.uk)

abstract = "Serum-inducible kinase (SNK) is a member of polo-like kinases that serve as regulators of multiple events during cell division. (elsevierpure.com)

It specifically recognizes and promotes the degradation of phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B, also referred to as p27 or KIP1) predominantly in S, G2 phase, and the initial part of the M phase. (wikipedia.org)

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. (icr.ac.uk)

Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
Access into S-phase and mitosis in the eukaryotic cell routine is controlled with the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (bio2009.org)

In the absence of Wnt ligands, β-catenin is degraded via a destruction complex (DC) consisting of two core tumor suppressors that serve as scaffold proteins (APC and Axin) and two kinases (glycogen synthase kinase-3 β [GSK3β] and casein kinase 1 [CK1]) ( 4 ). (rupress.org)

The pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves dysregulation in the signaling pathways, membrane lipids ratio disturbance, cell-cell adhesion disturbance, unfolded protein response, lysosomal and mitochondrial stress, autophagy dysregulation, and oxidative stress. (koreamed.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
The AAA-ATPase (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) valosin-containing protein (VCP), is essential for many cellular pathways including but not limited to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), DNA damage responses, and cell cycle regulation. (portlandpress.com)
Valosin-containing protein (VCP, also p97, or Cdc48p in yeast) is an evolutionarily conserved, homo-hexameric, ubiquitin-selective, AAA-ATPase that functions in numerous ubiquitin-dependent protein quality control pathways. (portlandpress.com)
I have used STRING pretty heavily, and have compared it to various other databases of protein interactions and signaling pathways. (stackexchange.com)
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)

This mitotic kinase complex remains active until the metaphase/anaphase transition when Cyclin B1 is degraded. (nsjbio.com)
Involved in ubiquitin conjugation and degradation of CREM isoform ICERIIgamma and ATF15 resulting in abrogation of ICERIIgamma- and ATF5-mediated repression of cAMP-induced transcription during both meiotic and mitotic cell cycles. (icr.ac.uk)

INTRODUCTION: The major complication of protein replacement therapy for haemophilia A is the development of anti-FVIII antibodies or inhibitors that occur in 25%-30% of persons with severe haemophilia A. Alternative therapeutics such as bypassing agents or immune tolerance induction protocols have additional challenges and are not always effective. (cdc.gov)

This is due to the requirement of protein turnover, which is usually carried out by lysosomal and ubiquitin dependent proteases [43,44,45]. (globaltechbiz.com)
Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)

ATR kinase phosphorylated recombinant FANCI protein in vitro, which was facilitated by the presence of FANCD2. (elsevierpure.com)

This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
All IFNαs and IFNβ bind to the same receptor and as a result, the cytoplasmic kinases JAK1 and TYK2 become activated and phosphorylate the STAT1 and STAT2 molecules. (cdc.gov)

I want to have a network of the interactions between the proteins of these 100 genes. (stackexchange.com)

Nonetheless, MDM2 is in turn regulated by ribosomal proteins (RPs) that binds and suppress the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity resulting in the stabilization and activation of p53 [9]. (nanoker-society.org)
These ribosomal proteins are found in stoichiometric amounts in the.Approximately 10 L of the extracted DNA was run on 1% gel electrophoresis and visualized under Gel Doc (Bio-rad, Hercules, CA, US). (nanoker-society.org)

Post-translation cleavage outcomes within an extracellular 2 proteins including 950 N-terminal residues and a proteins with 130 C-terminal residues. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
The c-Kit-IN-2 VWA site is situated in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins and it is regarded as involved with proteinCprotein interactions needing divalent cations. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
The VWA occurs most in integrins and extracellular matrix proteins notably. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a subfamily of zinc-dependent proteases that are re-sponsible for degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins. (koreascience.kr)

These results suggest that hVPS18 may play an important role in regulation of SNK activity through its ubiquitin ligase. (elsevierpure.com)
It is interesting to study the initiation and regulation of differentiation in cells having no G1 phase, Mouse monoclonal to Ractopamine as typically, cell differentiation occurs from your G1 phase of the cell cycle. (globaltechbiz.com)
Previous reports have suggested that protein kinases play important roles in the regulation of circadian clocks ( Reischl and Kramer, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Therefore in budding candida down-regulation of Clbp-associated kinase is definitely brought about by transcriptional proteolytic and CKI mechanisms that are relieved in late G1 by Clnp-Cdc28p protein kinase activity. (bio2009.org)
MPF down-regulation required Ca(++)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activities at meiosis and mitosis exit, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)

This antibody recognizes a protein of 55-62kDa, identified as Cyclin B1. (nsjbio.com)
The inactive Cyclin B1-p34cdc2 complex continues to accumulate in the cytoplasm until the completion of DNA synthesis, when Cdc25, a specific protein phosphatase, dephosphorylates amino acids Thr-14 and Tyr-15 of p34cdc2 rendering the complex active at the G2/M boundary. (nsjbio.com)
Hamster protein was used as the immunogen for this Cyclin B1 antibody. (nsjbio.com)

Each protein provided significant additional prognostic information to that given by disease stage, tumor grade, or p27 Kip1 expression. (haifa.ac.il)

PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Transportation of LAPTM5 from Golgi to lysosome could be inhibited by deficiency of Nedd4, a key member of E3 ubiquitin ligase family overexpressing in invasive BCa and promoting its progression. (spandidos-publications.com)

ATR kinase activates the S-phase checkpoint when replication forks stall at sites of DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)

Fig. 1 Two primary complexes are involved in autophagosome formation, the first include of III PI3K Vps34, Atg6/Beclin1, Atg14, and Vps15/p150.73, whereas the second include the serine/threonine kinase Atg1 signaling axis. (koreamed.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)

All of those other peptide is situated beyond your cell and interacts with the two 2 proteins via disulphide bridges. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

The small protein ubiquitin plays a vital role in virtually all aspects of cellular life. (intechopen.com)
Here we highlight some of the latest evidence where DNA-PKcs has been shown to localize not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm, phosphorylating various proteins involved in cellular metabolism and cytokine production. (molcells.org)
Induction of phase II detoxification and anti-oxidant enzymes through activation of Nrf2/ARE-dependent gene is recognized as one of the major cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative or xenobiotic stresses and currently represents a critical chemopreventive mechanism of action. (koreascience.kr)
Binding to dsRNA by these proteins may result in initiation of helicase activity, concomitant with a conformational change that leads to recruiting additional cellular factors, including the recently identified IPS-1/MAVS protein ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
As a result, different cellular kinases, including the IRF3 kinases TBK1 and IKKε, become activated. (cdc.gov)

The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)

Performs ubiquitin chain elongation building ubiquitin chains from the UBE2D3-primed NFKBIA-linked ubiquitin. (icr.ac.uk)

p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
In this report, we show that the RING-H2 domain of hVPS18 (human vacuolar pro-tein sorting 18) has a genuine ubiquitin ligase (E3) activity. (elsevierpure.com)
However, the transcriptional activity of TBP (TATA box-binding protein) and its promoter binding factor (TBPF), Calcitriol (Rocaltrol) RNA polymerase II, remain unaffected during differentiation. (globaltechbiz.com)
Changes in DHA content of neuronal membranes lead to functional changes in the activity of receptors and other proteins which might be associated with synaptic function. (koreascience.kr)
S-phase Clbp-Cdc28p protein kinase is definitely up-regulated by three self-employed mechanisms all of which involve Clnp-Cdc28p kinase activity. (bio2009.org)
A second CKI in budding candida Far1p directly inhibits the Clnp-Cdc28p protein kinase activity in response to pheromone and Lamivudine IC50 causes G1 arrest (Chang and Herskowitz 1990 blue right-pointing triangle). (bio2009.org)
Role for non-proteolytic control of M-phase-promoting factor activity at M-phase exit. (ox.ac.uk)

Protein crowding induces membrane curvatures through an entropic mechanism. (portlandpress.com)

Elegant studies have demonstrated Dvl-mediated formation of a membrane proximal "signalosome," which enables critical protein interactions at the PM ( 5 ). (rupress.org)
There are many different interaction detection methods ranging from those that only identify direct, binary interactions between two proteins (e.g. (stackexchange.com)
These viral-host interactions shape the subsequent phases of the disease and influence the adaptive immune response. (cdc.gov)

The E3 ubiquitination step determines the overall specificity for ubiquitination of the target protein, and the activated ubiquitin is usually transferred to a lysine residue in the substrate. (bmbreports.org)

Yeast two-hybrid ), those that also find proteins that are in the same complex even if there is no direct interaction between them (e.g. (stackexchange.com)

https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202205069 ) show Dvl2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation to stabilize β-catenin by pulling Axin into its biomolecular condensate at the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)

VCP identifies ubiquitylated substrates through numerous dedicated adaptor proteins and unfolds substrates by threading them through a central pore in the hexamer ( Figure 1 ). (portlandpress.com)

This circadian clock contains components including Period circadian homologues ( PER1, PER2, PER3 ), Cryptochrome (CRY1, CRY2), circadian locomotor output cycle kaput ( CLOCK ), NPAS2 , and brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1( BMAL1 ), which play a critical role in rhythm generation and determine the circadian rhythm across the 24 hour light/dark cycles ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)

However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the determination or stabilization of the circadian period and phase remain to be investigated in mammals. (elifesciences.org)

In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
It is reported that dormant malignancy cells remain in the Go/G1 phase of the cell cycle. (globaltechbiz.com)
One of the main checkpoint modulator of the cell cycle, p38, has been found to be greatly associated with dormant phase in several tumour types [58]. (globaltechbiz.com)
In most of the cases, the G2 phase is more than 50% of the total cell cycle period. (globaltechbiz.com)
DNA DSB repair signaling contributes to general mechanism for various types of lesions in diverse cell cycle phases. (bmbreports.org)
Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
Tumour suppressor protein, p53, prevents cancer development by eliminating cells with mutagenic alterations or potential for neoplastic transformation or blocking their cell cycle permanently or by transient DNA repair [3C5]. (nanoker-society.org)

It has been proven both in the mRNA (Varadi 1989) as well as the proteins amounts (Morton & Froehner, 1989). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
In human BCa tissues, we observed that LAPTM5 was significantly induced at both mRNA and protein levels, which is consistent with our microarray result. (spandidos-publications.com)

Reduced expression level of p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is associated with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis of various malignant tumors, including gastric carcinoma. (elsevierpure.com)

Cdc48p encounters a type I branch point when the initiator ubiquitin reaches the pore of the hexamer. (portlandpress.com)

The regulatory activities of this viral protein play a major role in the pathogenicity of influenza virus and appear partially responsible for the ability of influenza viruses to infect multiple animal species, which likely contributes to the generation of new pandemic viruses in humans. (cdc.gov)

In influenza viruses, the nonstructural protein 1 inhibits the interferon-mediated antiviral response. (cdc.gov)

The Pol II activator cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) was similarly enriched across IGSs (Extended Data Fig. 1g ). (nature.com)

Although the complete proteins topology isn't known, evidence shows that a little part of the peptide can be a transmembrane section with a brief cytoplasmic tail. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs163

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes53

Information Science3

Subunit8

Ligases5

Skp214

Ligase complex4

Subunits3

Mitogen-activat1

Proteolysis3

Ubiquitination and degradation3

Phosphorylation11

Proteasomal1

Pathway7

MAPK1

Intracellular2

Enzyme5

Cyclins7

Inhibitory2

Proteasome5

Abstract1

Inhibitor 1B1

Covalent attachment1

CDKs2

Casein1

Pathways6

Mitotic2

Inhibitors1

Lysosomal3

Vitro1

Phosphorylate2

Genes1

Ribosomal2

Extracellular4

Regulation5

Cyclin B13

KIP11

Progression3

Activates1

Serine2

Interacts1

Cellular5

Tightly regulated1

Elongation1

Activity8

Induces1

Interactions3

Substrate1

Complex1

Stabilize1

Substrates1

Muscle ARNT-like protein1

Stabilization1

Cell cycle7

MRNA2

Prognosis1

Initiator1

Regulatory1

Inhibits1

Activator1

Cytoplasmic1