• The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a critical role in protein degradation. (duke.edu)
  • This study shows the CLD of RanBP2 promotes selectively the accumulation of a subset of reporter substrates of the UPS, such as the ubiquitin (Ub)-fusion yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) degradation substrate, Ub(G76V)-YFP, and the N-end rule substrate, Ub-R-YFP. (duke.edu)
  • Conversely, the degradation of endoplasmic reticulum and misfolded proteins, and of those linked to UPS-independent degradation, is not affected by CLD. (duke.edu)
  • The UBL protein family derives its name from the first member of the class to be discovered, ubiquitin (Ub), best known for its role in regulating protein degradation through covalent modification of other proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitative proteomics reveals the function of unconventional ubiquitin chains in proteasomal degradation. (nature.com)
  • It is the E3 ligase that is responsible for selecting the target protein for ubiquitination and later for degradation in proteasome in to peptides. (helsinki.fi)
  • This complex recently has been shown to be important in the TRC pathway, the mislocalized protein degradation pathway, and the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. (rcsb.org)
  • This protein may also have a role in intranuclear degradation of polyglutamine aggregates. (nih.gov)
  • Its attachment to a target protein is a signal for its degradation. (asianage.com)
  • Experiments show that the loose folding and the disordered extension of the FAT10 protein have an important regulatory function that actually simplifies the degradation of the target molecule. (asianage.com)
  • As a result, no complicated upstream processes of partial substrate unfolding are necessary, as in the ubiquitin-system, to have the enzyme 26S proteasome, which actually carries out the degradation, spring into action. (asianage.com)
  • Cell-fate-determinant molecule NUMB-interacting protein (TBC1D15) is overexpressed and contributes to p53 degradation in TICs. (nature.com)
  • Ubiquitination targets proteins for degradation and is a potent regulator of cellular protein function. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Silencing Txnip prompted TLR2-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production whereas the blockage of Txnip degradation by pharmacologically inhibiting the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with heclin and AMP-dependent protein kinase with dorsomorphin effectively reduced such effects. (frontiersin.org)
  • The proteasome controls protein abundance within the cell through proteolytic degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Most proteins are targeted for degradation by polyubiquitination mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases ( 1, 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 phosphorylates Siah2 under hypoxic conditions, causing it to relocalize to the cytoplasm and subsequently increases its ubiquitin-targeted degradation activity ( 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In addition, the deubiquitinating enzyme USP13 reduces the substrate degradation activity of Siah proteins ( 11 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • This response includes the inhibition of translation to prevent further accumulation of unfolded proteins, the increased expression of proteins involved in polypeptide folding, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), and the destruction of misfolded proteins by the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system. (thermofisher.com)
  • The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • The antiviral mechanisms of PIAS1 are counteracted by ICP0, the HSV-1 SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, which disrupts the recruitment of PIAS1 to nuclear domains that contain infecting HSV-1 genomes through mechanisms that do not directly result in PIAS1 degradation. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The TCDD-induced degradation of AhR is inhibited by MG132, a potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, indicating the ubiquitin-26S proteasome mediated proteolysis as a mechanism for the degradation of AhR. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide blocks the degradation of AhR by TCDD, suggesting a labile factor in controlling the stability of ligand-activated AhR (hence, designated as AhR degradation promoting factor, or ADPF). (cdc.gov)
  • These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which TCDD-activated AhR is regulated in nucleus through the 26S proteasome protein degradation pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • A succession of reports in the mid 1990s is recognized as a turning point in the field, with the discovery of SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier, also known as Sentrin or SENP1) reported around the same time by a variety of investigators in 1996, NEDD8 in 1997, and Apg12 in 1998. (wikipedia.org)
  • Central to the execution of this particular antiviral response is the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) signalling pathway. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A systematic survey has since identified over 10,000 distinct genes for ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins represented in eukaryotic genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • the ubiquitin, SUMO, ATG8, and MUB families have been estimated to account for almost 90% of plants' UBL genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that act directly on the CMS conferring mitochondrial transcripts by binding them specifically and promoting processing events. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that bind specifically to the CMS conferring transcripts in the mitochondria and promote processing events leading to a strong reduction in the production of mitochondrial CMS-inducing proteins (reviewed in Chen and Liu, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Humans have 2 Siah proteins, Siah1 and Siah2, derived from the SIAH1 and SIAH2 genes, respectively. (aacrjournals.org)
  • p53 affects the transcription of many target genes and interacts with key cellular proteins. (molvis.org)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key component of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor signaling complex that regulates both pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling. (mdpi.com)
  • The dodecameric protein kinase CaMKII is expressed throughout the body. (elifesciences.org)
  • This manuscript reports the fundamental finding that an oligomeric protein kinase, CaMKII, can be phosphorylated by another molecule of the holoenzyme in a manner that does not involve subunit exchange. (elifesciences.org)
  • The hub connects to the N-terminal kinase domains through a variable-length linker and regulatory domain. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain is a major protein interaction module that is central to tyrosine kinase signaling. (eu.org)
  • c-IAP2 (inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2) belongs to IAPs family and besides exerting antiapoptotic effects through its interaction with multiple cytokines, it participates in inflammation, immunity and mitogenic kinase signal transduction, cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis also. (novusbio.com)
  • UBLs are involved in a widely varying array of cellular functions including autophagy, protein trafficking, inflammation and immune responses, transcription, DNA repair, RNA splicing, and cellular differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Husnjak, K. & Dikic, I. Ubiquitin-binding proteins: decoders of ubiquitin-mediated cellular functions. (nature.com)
  • BCL2-associated athanogene cochaperone 6 (Bag6) plays a central role in cellular homeostasis in a diverse array of processes and is part of the heterotrimeric Bag6 complex, which also includes ubiquitin-like 4A (Ubl4A) and transmembrane domain recognition complex 35 (TRC35). (rcsb.org)
  • Addition and removal of ubiquitin or ubiquitin chains to and from proteins is a tightly regulated process that contributes to cellular signaling and protein stability. (rcsb.org)
  • Phosphoactivation of DUBA represents an unprecedented mode of protease regulation and a clear link between two major cellular signal transduction systems: phosphorylation and ubiquitin modification. (rcsb.org)
  • The p53 interacting partner protein NUMB (homology of numb protein) preserves this intrinsic cellular asymmetry by preventing ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of p53 catalyzed by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase 11 . (nature.com)
  • Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), a vitamin D 3 -upregulated protein in 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25[OH] 2 D 3 )-treated HL-60 cells ( 7 ), acts as an endogenous inhibitor of the antioxidant thioredoxin (Trx), which is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including the response to oxidative stress, cancer development, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory processes ( 8 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Intrinsic antiviral resistance is a branch of antiviral defence that involves constitutively expressed cellular proteins that act within individual infected cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • Oxidative stress generated during such stressful conditions may damage DNA and proteins, and as a consequence the cellular processes are disturbed. (springer.com)
  • The cellular phenomena associated with laminopathy invariably show disruption of nucleoskeleton of lamina due to deregulated expression, localization, function, and interaction of mutant lamin proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Binding to dsRNA by these proteins may result in initiation of helicase activity, concomitant with a conformational change that leads to recruiting additional cellular factors, including the recently identified IPS-1/MAVS protein ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The enzyme targets the disordered part and can easily unfold the two flexible and loosely folded domains, and consequently can pull apart the attached target protein and degrade it. (asianage.com)
  • SIR1 is predicted to encode a protein composed of a ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like domain and a Rhodanese-like domain homologous to that of prolyl isomerase. (broadinstitute.org)
  • SHARPIN forms a linear ubiquitin ligase complex regulating NF-B activity and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Keap1 is a cysteine-rich protein, known to be anchored to actin cytoskeleton [ 5 ], serving as an adaptor protein for the Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (springer.com)
  • The cyclophilin-like domain (CLD) of Ran-binding protein-2 (RanBP2/Nup358) associates specifically with at least one subunit, S1, of the base subcomplex of the 19S RP, but the functional implications of this interaction on the UPS activity are elusive. (duke.edu)
  • UBLs that do not exhibit covalent conjugation (Type II) often occur as protein domains genetically fused to other domains in a single larger polypeptide chain, and may be proteolytically processed to release the UBL domain or may function as protein-protein interaction domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The RING domain is a protein interaction domain that has been implicated in a range of diverse biological processes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The interaction between SH2 domains and their substrates is however dependent also on cooperative contacts of other surface regions. (eu.org)
  • With its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity via interaction with several proteins such as RIPK1, RIPK2, RIPK3, RIPK4, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, TRAF1, BCL10 etc., c-IAP2 can regulate NFkB signaling - positive regulation of canonical and negative regulation of non-canonical pathway. (novusbio.com)
  • Beyond the organelle dynamics, the constant interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) has become an emerging aspect of healthy mitochondria. (hindawi.com)
  • protein interaction has still not emerged. (lu.se)
  • Remarkably, the minimal Bag6 complex defined here facilitates tail-anchored substrate transfer from small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein α to TRC40. (rcsb.org)
  • The crystal structure of the ubiquitin aldehyde adduct of active DUBA reveals a marked cooperation between phosphorylation and substrate binding. (rcsb.org)
  • An intricate web of interactions involving the phosphate and the C-terminal tail of ubiquitin cause DUBA to fold around its substrate, revealing why phosphorylation is essential for deubiquitinase activity. (rcsb.org)
  • One additional protein, known as FUBI, is encoded as a fusion protein in the FAU gene, and is proteolytically processed to generate a free glycine C-terminus, but has not been experimentally demonstrated to form covalent protein modifications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recruitment of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex stabilizes the TNF-R1 signaling complex and is required for TNF-mediated gene induction. (nature.com)
  • As a result 32 gene homologs that included RING domain were identified in silver birch. (helsinki.fi)
  • This gene encodes a nuclear protein which is involved in cell-cycle regulation. (nih.gov)
  • A recurring problem in the clinic is that many detectable changes within the BRCA1 gene produce subtle alterations to the protein that are not easily recognized as either harmful (loss-of-function) alleles or harmless and thus inconsequential polymorphisms. (jci.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Tumor-infiltrated macrophages were isolated from human GC tissues using magnetic beads, gene transcription was determined by real-time PCR, protein expression was monitored using western blots, metabolites were determined using HPLC, and transcriptional regulation was analyzed by the luciferase-based reporter gene system. (cancerindex.org)
  • Unbuffered intronic mutations in gene variants can generate aberrant splice sites in mutant transcripts, resulting in mutant isoforms of proteins with modulated expression, stability, and function in diseased cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Plant genomes are known to encode at least seven families of UBLs in addition to ubiquitin: SUMO, RUB (the plant homolog of NEDD8), ATG8, ATG12, MUB, UFM1, and HUB1, as well as a number of Type II UBLs. (wikipedia.org)
  • and a widespread domain, likely to be a noncatalytic homolog of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. (nih.gov)
  • p53 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (Mdm2) is an important negative regulator of p53. (molvis.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: The cyclophilin-like domain of Ran-binding protein-2 modulates selectively the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and protein biogenesis. (duke.edu)
  • Finley, D. Recognition and processing of ubiquitin-protein conjugates by the proteasome. (nature.com)
  • However, bortezomib blocks all protein proteolysis by the proteasome without discrimination, causing various systemic toxicities and the development of resistance ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The beta-grasp fold is widely distributed in other proteins of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ubiquitin is an important modifier in eukaryotic cells through many effects on the targeted protein. (helsinki.fi)
  • Most of the novel domains are present in all major eukaryotic lineages, but 3 are species specific. (nih.gov)
  • Aspects of intrinsic antiviral immunity are mediated by promyelocytic leukaemia (PML)-nuclear body (PML-NB) constituent proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Different families of SH2 domains may have different binding specificity, which is usually determined by a few residues C-terminal with respect to the pY (positions +1 to +4). (eu.org)
  • The human NCK1 (Nckα) and NCK2 (Nckβ/GRB4) SH2 domains show a degree of partner specificity but share the same mode of ligand binding ( Frese,2006 ) and belong to the class IA family which contains an aromatic residue (Phe) at the specificity-determining βD5 position ( Kaneko,2010 ). (eu.org)
  • Three loops surround the peptide binding pocket and are important for specificity: Because these loops can be flexible, considerable variation in peptide binding can apply for any given SH2 domain. (eu.org)
  • Background DC-UbP is a 26 kDa ubiquitin-like protein from dendritic cells comprised of 106 amino acids. (qedbio.com)
  • Vgsc-interacting proteins are genetically associated with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti. (cdc.gov)
  • Following the discovery of ubiquitin, many additional evolutionarily related members of the group were described, involving parallel regulatory processes and similar chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, other proteins with sequence similarity to ubiquitin were occasionally reported in the literature, but the first shown to share the key feature of covalent protein modification was ISG15, discovered in 1987. (wikipedia.org)
  • The PPR protein family is consequently divided in subfamilies depending on the number and type of repeats present in their sequence as well as optional C-terminal domains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Their binding properties depend on the amino acid sequence of the finger domains and of the linker between fingers, as well as on the higher-order structures and the number of fingers. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are a family of small proteins involved in post-translational modification of other proteins in a cell, usually with a regulatory function. (wikipedia.org)
  • These recruitment events are inhibited in a normal wild type HSV-1 infection by the viral regulatory protein ICP0. (mdpi.com)
  • Little is known about the upstream regulatory mechanisms of Siah proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The regulatory activities of this viral protein play a major role in the pathogenicity of influenza virus and appear partially responsible for the ability of influenza viruses to infect multiple animal species, which likely contributes to the generation of new pandemic viruses in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Members of the UBL family are small, non-enzymatic proteins that share a common structure exemplified by ubiquitin, which has 76 amino acid residues arranged into a "beta-grasp" protein fold consisting of a five-strand antiparallel beta sheet surrounding an alpha helix. (wikipedia.org)
  • PPR proteins have in common a canonical P-type 35 amino acid domain repeated in tandem up to 30 times. (frontiersin.org)
  • The encoded protein is a ubiquitin-ligase capable of ubiquinating PCNP (PEST-containing nuclear protein), and together they may play a role in tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
  • A systematic computational analysis of protein sequences containing known nuclear domains led to the identification of 28 novel domain families. (nih.gov)
  • This represents a 26% increase in the starting set of 107 known nuclear domain families used for the analysis. (nih.gov)
  • For about 500 of the 1200 proteins that contain these new domains, nuclear localization could be inferred, and for 700, additional features could be predicted. (nih.gov)
  • During herpesvirus infection, these antiviral proteins are independently recruited to nuclear domains that contain infecting viral genomes to cooperatively promote viral genome silencing. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Following infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), PIAS1 is recruited to nuclear sites associated with viral genome entry in a SIM-dependent manner, consistent with the SIM-dependent recruitment mechanisms of other well characterized PML-NB proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • PIAS1 promotes the stable accumulation of SUMO1 at nuclear sites associated with HSV-1 genome entry, whereas the accumulation of other evaluated PML-NB proteins occurs independently of PIAS1. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Impaired spatial and temporal tethering of lamin proteins to the lamina or nucleoplasmic aggregation of lamins are the primary molecular events that can trigger nuclear proteotoxicity by modulating differential protein-protein interactions, sequestering quality control proteins, and initiating a cascade of abnormal post-translational modifications. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we review nuclear proteostasis and its deregulation in the context of lamin proteins and laminopathies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Analyses of nuclear AhR demonstrated that cycloheximide increases nuclear AhR protein and functional AhR/Arnt DNA-binding complex, resulting in superinduction of CYP1A1. (cdc.gov)
  • Proteins associated with ubiquitin and SUMO signaling are highly enriched in the genomes of embryophytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • We identify the SUMO ligase Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT1 (PIAS1) as a constituent PML-NB protein. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This entry represents RING-type zinc finger domains. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The 3D structure of the zinc ligation system is unique to the RING domain and is referred to as the 'cross-brace' motif. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The spacing of the cysteines in such a domain is C-x(2)-C-x(9 to 39)-C-x(1 to 3)-H-x(2 to 3)-C-x(2)-C-x(4 to 48)-C-x(2)-C. Metal ligand pairs one and three co-ordinate to bind one zinc ion, whilst pairs two and four bind the second. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • For such cases, it is conceivable to develop a cancer drug inhibiting the enzymes that link FAT10 and the target proteins. (asianage.com)
  • The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This protein family is largely expanded in land plant genomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • This domain has been named 'mib/herc2 domain' in [ ( PUBMED:12530964 ) ] and usually the protein also contains an E3 ligase domain (either Ring or Hect). (embl.de)
  • The individual subunits associate into holoenzymes through avid hub domain interactions. (elifesciences.org)
  • They are able to bind specific motifs containing a phosphorylated tyrosine residue, propagating the signal downstream by promoting protein-protein interactions and/or modifying enzymatic activities. (eu.org)
  • In NCK SH2 domains, the EF loop is positioned away from the BG loop, exposing the pY+3 binding pocket where the side chain of Val forms tight interactions. (eu.org)
  • The residue at pY+2 does not make direct side chain interactions with the SH2 domain, but aromatic residues are not allowed. (eu.org)
  • SH2 domains are phosphotyrosine recognition domains, often mediating transient interactions with target proteins. (eu.org)
  • Home / Teams / Structure and Interactions of Molecular Biosystems - M. Spichty / Publications / Role of conformational heterogeneity in domain swapping and adapter function of the Cks proteins. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • VCS encodes a putative WD-domain containing protein,suggesting a function involving protein-protein interactions. (biologists.com)
  • Mib interacts with the intracellular domain of Delta to promote its ubiquitylation and internalisation. (embl.de)
  • Thiol-dependent hydrolysis of ester, thioester, amide, peptide and isopeptide bonds formed by the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin (a 76-residue protein attached to proteins as an intracellular targeting signal). (cathdb.info)
  • Nrf2 consists of six functional Neh domains (Neh1-Neh6), from which, the amino-terminal Neh2 domain controls binding Keap1-the inhibitor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, that is responsible for the cytosolic sequestration of Nrf2 under physiological conditions (Fig. 2 a). (springer.com)
  • Resonance Group, Chemical of the globular proteins bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and Center, Lund University ubiquitin in aqueous solution. (lu.se)
  • NCK is a major adaptor protein involved in membrane receptor signalling and modulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. (eu.org)
  • The Tir protein of EPEC binds NCK1/NCK2 SH2 domains through a high affinity pYDEV motif ( Frese,2006 ). (eu.org)
  • Mdm2 binds directly to the transcriptional activation domain of p53 and blocks p53-dependent transcription. (molvis.org)
  • Positively charged residues are disfavoured at pY-1 and pY-2 due to the positively charged SH2 domain surface, but are tolerated when pY+1 and pY+3 are strong residues. (eu.org)
  • For both proteins, the oxygen-17 relaxation depended only very weakly on pD, showing that ionic residues do not perturb hydration water dynamics more than other surface residues. (lu.se)
  • Here we use NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamic properties of human Cks1 and its response on assembly with components of the SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligation machinery. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Specific recognition of linear ubiquitin chains by NEMO is important for NF-B activation. (nature.com)
  • Structural basis for hydroxymethylcytosine recognition by the SRA domain of UHRF2. (nih.gov)
  • Improved quantitative mass spectrometry methods for characterizing complex ubiquitin signals. (nature.com)
  • SHARPIN is a component of the NF-B-activating linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. (nature.com)
  • Proteins which contain a RING domain, can either ubiquitinate substrates independently or function as part of a multi-subunit complex. (helsinki.fi)
  • These findings provide structural insight into the complex network of proteins coordinated by Bag6. (rcsb.org)
  • Siah mediates its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity by directly binding to its substrates ( 4 ) or by acting as the essential RING domain subunit of a larger E3 complex ( 5 ) and can form homodimers and heterodimers. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In influenza viruses, the nonstructural protein 1 inhibits the interferon-mediated antiviral response. (cdc.gov)
  • A ) Reconstituted CMG ubiquitylation reactions were performed as described in Materials and methods, in the presence of 25 nM E2, 10 nM E3, and 6 µM of the indicated form of ubiquitin (wt [wild type], K0 = ubiquitin with all lysines mutated to arginine, K48 R = ubiquitin with K48R mutation). (elifesciences.org)
  • PPR proteins represent the most frequent protein class among identified Rfs and they exhibit ideal characteristics to evolve into restorer of fertility when the mechanism of restoration implies a post-transcriptional action. (frontiersin.org)
  • and ubiquitin binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) inhibits the activity of thioredoxin (Trx) to modulate inflammatory responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • The reduction of Txnip protein facilitates tumor progression, whereas the overexpression of Txnip results in the inhibition of metastasis or further triggers cells undergoing apoptosis ( 9 , 14 , 15 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Using a yeast two-hybrid screen for BAL-binding partners, we have now identified a novel protein termed BBAP (B-lymphoma- and BAL-associated protein). (nih.gov)
  • In this protocol, we describe how unique properties of ubiquitin (Ub)-binding domains (UBDs) can be used to selectively detect, visualize and inhibit Ub-dependent processes in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
  • Randles, L. & Walters, K.J. Ubiquitin and its binding domains. (nature.com)
  • It was already known before that ubiquitin and FAT10 have entirely different binding properties. (asianage.com)
  • Znf domains are often found in clusters, where fingers can have different binding specificities. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • They display considerable versatility in binding modes, even between members of the same class (e.g. some bind DNA, others protein), suggesting that Znf motifs are stable scaffolds that have evolved specialised functions. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Several different binding motifs are known, for example: pYEEI (Src-family SH2 domains), pY [IV]. (eu.org)
  • The binding affinity of an SH2 domain to a pTyr containing ligand is moderate, with the typical affinity range between 0.1 µМ to 10 µМ for equilibrium dissociation constant values (Kd) ( Kaneko,2012 ). (eu.org)
  • The C-terminal half of the SH2 domain exhibits greater structural variability and provides a platform for accommodating different kinds of SH2-binding motifs. (eu.org)
  • Binding of the ligand common to all Cks proteins, Cdk2, suppressed the conformational heterogeneity. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • We propose that the dynamic properties of the beta-sheet and its modification upon ligand binding underlie the domain swapping ability and the adapter function of Cks proteins. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Siah proteins have been described to be both oncogenic and tumor suppressive in a variety of patient cohort studies and animal cancer models. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, key experiments needed to close the gaps in our understanding of the role Siah proteins play in tumor progression are suggested. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Src Homology 2 (SH2) domains are small modular domains found within a great number of proteins involved in different signalling pathways. (eu.org)
  • CATH: Protein Structure Classification Database by I. Sillitoe, N. Dawson, T. Lewis, D. Lee, J. Lees, C. Orengo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License . (cathdb.info)