Tyrosine kinase cyclin dependent kinase cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

M any kinase inhibitor compounds have been found. (callaix.com)
The first kinase inhibitor introduced for cancer was imatinib, which the FDA approved in 2001. (callaix.com)
Agonist (100 nM 8-OH-DPAT) (D) treatment of freely dividing HN2-5 cells caused stimulation of PKC (Physique 1a) [25,26,27,28,29], which was blocked by the 5-HT1A-R antagonist WAY100635 (WAY) (10 M) but not by an inhibitor of the ERK1/2 kinase MEK (U0126) (U) (10 M) (Physique 1a). (thetechnoant.info)
The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (ayassbioscience.com)
p27(Kip1) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27(Kip1) is a key cell-cycle regulator of G1-to-S phase transition [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2007 the approval by the European Medical Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of Sorafenib (Nexavar®), an inhibitor of several receptor tyrosine kinases, in HCC represented the first systemic therapy for improving outcome in patients unsuitable for loco-regional and surgical therapies and created a new standard of treatment for the disease. (covaipost.com)
Milciclib (PHA-848125AC) is a small molecule inhibitor of several cyclin dependent kinases such as CDK1, CDK4, CDK5 and CDK7. (covaipost.com)
Sorafenib (co-developed and co-marketed by Bayer and Onyx Pharmaceuticals as Nexavar®) is a small molecular multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug approved for the treatment of primary kidney cancer (advanced renal cell carcinoma), HCC, and radioactive iodine resistant advanced thyroid carcinoma. (covaipost.com)
CLL patients with a del (17) abnormality have an especially poor prognosis and only one agent (ibrutinib, a Bruton's kinase inhibitor [2]) is approved for initial first-line treatment of that variant of CLL in the USA, having shown more favorable outcome in terms of response rate and pro- gression-free survival than all other approved drugs. (peptide-solubility.com)
By the treatment of CDK4 inhibitor, the induction or the maintenance of Long-term potentiation (LTP) in response to a strong tetanus and NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) were normal in hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
2003. Essential embryonic roles of the CKI-1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in cell-cycle exit and morphogenesis in C elegans. . (ucsb.edu)

can phosphorylate substrate proteins on serine, threonine, tyrosines or histidine residues. (horizondiscovery.com)
Other kinases work on serine or threonine residues. (callaix.com)
Like tyrosine, serine and threonine are amino acid building blocks for protein. (callaix.com)
Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Fungal Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase Pho85. (umbc.edu)
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Pho85 subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
Catalytic domain of CMGC family Serine/Threonine Kinases. (umbc.edu)
The reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues represents a fundamental strategy used by eukaryotic organisms to regulate a host of biological functions, including DNA replication, cell cycle progression, energy metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. (rupress.org)
CDKs are serine threonine kinases that play crucial roles in progression of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase. (covaipost.com)
We have previously described an approach to predicting the substrate specificity of serine-threonine protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous process in cellular regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Crystal structures of protein kinases with bound substrate peptides show that substrate residues at positions -3 to +3 relative to the phosphorylated serine, threonine or tyrosine residue adopt an extended conformation and bind to a pocket in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. (lookformedical.com)
Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases such as RAF kinases involved in the MAPK signaling pathways and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in cell cycle regulation are prime examples of pathways implicated in cancers. (horizondiscovery.com)
CDKs belong to a large family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate cyclins. (umbc.edu)
The CMGC family consists of Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinases (CDKs), Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38, and similar proteins. (umbc.edu)
Increasing numbers of sequence and biochemical data show the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in regulation of the cell cycle progression in higher plants. (bibbase.org)
The complexity represented by different types of CDKs and cyclins in a single species such as alfalfa, indicates that multicomponent regulatory pathways control G2/M transition. (bibbase.org)
Overexpression of CDKs and other downstream signaling pathways that regulate cell cycles have been frequently associated with development of resistance towards chemotherapies. (covaipost.com)
As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)

Those which bind phosphorylated tyrosine residues may recruit multi-phosphorylated substrates for the adjacent active domains and are more conserved, while the other class have accumulated several variable amino acid substitutions and have a complete loss of tyrosine binding capability. (embl.de)
The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
Three sequential phosphorylation events on specific residues of p27, regulate the activity of these complexes and ultimately control cell cycle proliferation or arrest. (lu.se)
Notably, the first two post-translational modifications, which are required for the initial activation of these complexes, occur on solvent inaccessible (i.e., buried) tyrosine residues. (lu.se)
If these residues are inaccessible to kinases, how do they get phosphorylated then? (lu.se)

Although options for the treatment of ER-positive metastatic breast cancer have evolved considerably, perhaps the most striking development in recent years has been the advent of potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors that selectively bind to cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) and block the cell-cycle transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. (nejm.org)
Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. (ayassbioscience.com)
Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. (ayassbioscience.com)
Component of the ternary complex, cyclin D/CDK4/CDKN1B, required for nuclear translocation and activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex. (ayassbioscience.com)
CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
Our results indicated that the activation of cyclinD1-CDK4 is required for short-term synaptic plasticity and mGluR-dependent LTD, and suggested that this cyclin-dependent kinase may have different roles during the postnatal development in mice hippocampus area CA1. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclin D1, a member of the G1 cyclins, plays an important role in the G1 phase progression of the cell cycle in proliferating cells via activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, or CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
The cyclinD/CDK4/6 complexes induce the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and the release of E2F, which trigger G1 cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Equipped with a mouse model of stress (5-HT1A-R-/- mice) and a 5-HT1A-R-expressing hippocampal neuron-derived cell line, HN2-5, our earlier studies have reported that a 5-HT1A-R-mediated signaling pathway functions via extracellular receptor-activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-catalyzed activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKC) to promote synaptogenesis at P15 in the hippocampal CA1 region [12,16]. (thetechnoant.info)

Kinase inhibitors are now one of the major categories of chemotherapy medicine. (callaix.com)
Over 50 kinase inhibitors are approved in the US for cancer treatment with more under development. (callaix.com)
Of the 69 new drugs approved by the FDA for cancer from 2015 to 2020, 26 were kinase inhibitors. (callaix.com)
Most kinase inhibitors work on tyrosine kinases . (callaix.com)
As oncology drugs, kinase inhibitors were created out of modern genetics- the understanding of DNA, the cell cycle, and molecular signaling pathways- and thus represent a change from general to molecular methods of cancer treatment. (callaix.com)
An article published in the journal Molecular Cancer in 2018 claimed that over 10,000 patents had been filed in the US for kinase inhibitors since 2001. (callaix.com)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a class of chemotherapy medications that inhibit, or block, one or more of the enzyme tyrosine kinases. (callaix.com)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors treat cancer by correcting this deregulation. (callaix.com)
Although ESR1 mutations confer estrogen independence (and therefore potential resistance to aromatase inhibitors), tumors with ESR1 mutations are still ER-dependent and could be inhibited by drugs that target the ER directly, such as fulvestrant. (nejm.org)
The recent identification of associations between protein kinases and AD pathology has spurred interest in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as potential strategic therapeutic agents for AD. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) could be leveraged as therapeutic agents for AD. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)

Scientists are looking the possibility of kinase inhibition for other diseases including hypertension and Parkinson's disease but here we focus on cancer medicines. (callaix.com)
Thus, WEE1 inhibition sensitizes cancers have loss-of-function TP53 mutations, meaning that tumor cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and can lead to they become more dependent on the G2/M- and S-phase unstable DNA replication, DNA damage and mitotic catas- checkpoints to halt progression of the cell cycle [3, 4]. (sagepub.com)
In whole cells, Dox treatment prevented p34cdc2 kinase dephosphorylation without altering its synthesis, and this effect was due to neither down-regulation of cdc25C nor inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity. (aspetjournals.org)
A good correlation was found between extent of DNA double-strand breaks and p34cdc2 kinase activity inhibition. (aspetjournals.org)
Alternatively, specific inhibition of JAK3 decreases pregranulosa cell proliferation by downregulating Notch2 signaling, implying that JAK3 acts on pregranulosa cells by controlling the extracellular secretion of oocyte-derived factors. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (ayassbioscience.com)

Growth factors are involved in the initialization and regulation of cell cycles. (callaix.com)
Our results suggest that anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity is cell cycle dependent and is mediated, at least in part, by disturbance of the regulation of p34cdc2/cyclin B1 complex, thus leading to G2/M phase arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
Up-regulation appears to be specific to p27 because expression of cyclin D1, E, and A, and p21Cip1/Waf1 was not modulated by these agents. (biomedcentral.com)
The diseases where cures or at least treatments are sought are complex ones involving many potential defects in the structure, function, or regulation of the cells involved. (springeropen.com)
Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
Because its discovery, the c Abl family of tyrosine kinases, which includes c Abl and Abl relevant gene , has been shown to be very conserved across species and possesses been implicated in the wide number of cellular HER2 mutation processes including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation on the cell cycle, and apoptotic cell cycle arrest response to pressure. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
Cell-cycle-related proteins, such as cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinases, may have functions beyond that of cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
2007. Regulation of developmental rate and germ cell proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans by the p53 gene network. . (ucsb.edu)
The ease of motif acquisition simplifies access to basal housekeeping functions, facilitates the co-regulation of multiple biomolecules allowing them to respond in a coordinated manner to changes in the cell state, and supports the integration of multiple signals for combinatorial decision-making. (biomedcentral.com)

A well-known example of a lipid kinase is phosphoinositide 3-kinase which is implicated in a number of cancers, mainly through alterations to its catalytic subunit - PIK3CA. (horizondiscovery.com)
The Pho85 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)
b) 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (but not tamoxifen), genistein (but not genistin), daidzein, and probably other nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents could up-regulate expression of p27 via receptor protein tyrosine kinases (RPTKs), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphoinosite-dependent kinase (PDK), Akt/PKB and mTOR. (biomedcentral.com)

Drugs given to stop kinases can slow the proliferation of malignant cells and angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels). (callaix.com)
Excess HER2 signaling leads to numerous oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation and survival [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to their deregulated proliferation, HER2 overexpressing cells exhibit altered survival signals. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we have investigated the role of ChoK in the development of breast cancer and found that ChoK is both necessary and sufficient for growth factor-induced proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells and an absolute requirement for the specific mitogenic response to heregulin in breast tumor-derived cells. (aacrjournals.org)
These results demonstrate that ChoK plays an essential role in both normal human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
We further show that specific suppression of JAK2 delays germ cell loss through the downregulation of p53, but has no influence on pregranulosa cell proliferation. (appliedbioinfo.com)
In summary, our results indicate that JAK signaling contributes to germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation by regulating oocyte loss and pregranulosa cell proliferation in the fetal mouse ovary. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Transcriptional and translational control, sequestration in cyclin D1 complexes and localization all regulate p27 in G1 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
Localization of Cdc2Ms F kinase to the preprophase band (PPB), the perinuclear ring in early prophase, the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast indicated a pivotal role for this kinase in mitotic plant cells. (bibbase.org)
The function of c Abl is dependent on its subcellular localization. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
Cytoplasmic localization appears to get required for your transforming and cell survival functions of c Abl. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
Nuclear localization of c Abl typically takes place in response to tension or overexpression and results in progress inhibitory functions, such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (pkc-inhibitors.com)

Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (SMED30002728) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
Expression of Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (SMED30002728) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (SMED30002728) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
The relative contribution of substrate recruitment and peptide specificity to protein kinase substrate specificity varies between protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
The prediction of peptide specificity is therefore the basis for most of the available computational methods aimed at predicting substrates of protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)

Changes in cortical neurones included alterations in insulin and other signalling pathways, cell cycle, cellular senescence, inflammatory mediators, and components of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. (biomedcentral.com)
Through extensive biochemical and genetic analysis, we now know that pathways are not simply switched on with kinases and off with phosphatases. (rupress.org)
Activation of the Ras-MAPK-Erk and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways both culminate in activation of transcriptional programs, as well as cyclin dependant kinases, that lead to progression through the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Current evidence indicates that, through either of these pathways, HER2 signaling can regulate c-Myc, a multifunctional transcription factor involved in cell cycle progression (see [ 4 ] and references therein). (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. (biomedcentral.com)

Kinases are a large family of enzymes with over 500 encoded in the human genome and all share a highly conserved kinase domain. (horizondiscovery.com)
These enzymes promote transfer of a gamma phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine residue on a protein. (callaix.com)
Apart from a CX3R motif, which is present at the active site of all known tyrosine phosphatases, Cdc25 does not share any obvious sequence similarity with any of those enzymes. (embl.de)
Protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are critical enzymes for receptor-mediated signaling. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Protein kinases, the enzymes responsible for protein phosphorylation, make up almost 2% of protein-encoding genes in the human genome [ 1 ] and an estimated 30-50% of human proteins are phosphorylated [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

RTKs span the cell membrane with an intracellular (internal) and extracellular (external) portion. (callaix.com)

We further defined groups of genes that best classified the cells parsed into 12 distinct cell clusters to generate a scaled expression heat map of discriminative gene sets for each cluster. (stowers.org)
Expression of each cluster's gene signatures was validated using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) co-stained with piwi-1 and largely confirmed the cell clusters revealed by scRNA-seq. (stowers.org)
Pho85 is regulated by 10 different cyclins (Pcls) and plays a role in G1 progression, cell polarity, phosphate and glycogen metabolism, gene expression, and in signaling changes in the environment. (umbc.edu)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (ayassbioscience.com)
This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). (ayassbioscience.com)
The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
A variety of approaches, including biochemical purification, gene isolation by homology, and genetic screens, have been successfully used for the identification of putative protein kinases and phosphatases. (rupress.org)
This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine receptor-mediated intracellular signal transduction. (appliedbioinfo.com)
We apply our approach to 189 drugs tested in 671 cancer cell lines and observe a connection between gene expression levels of the modules and mechanisms of action of the drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene expression profiling has become a mainstay approach to characterize cell properties and status, unveiling links between gene activities and disease phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Provided that the panel of cell lines is large enough, this approach allows for a new type of gene expression analysis where basal expression levels are correlated to drug response phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
The zinc finger domain of Tzfp binds to the tbs motif located at the upstream flanking region of the Aie1 (aurora-C) kinase gene. (lookformedical.com)
The Abelson non receptor tyrosine kinase gene was initial recognized as the mammalian homolog from the oncogenic gene products from the Abelson murine leukemia virus. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)

Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)
In this examine, we set out to analyze the quick expression effects of IM to the,oncogene, separase in BCR ABL beneficial and adverse cells. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
2008. ced-4 and proto-oncogene tfg-1 antagonistically regulate cell size and apoptosis in C. elegans. . (ucsb.edu)

Following DNA damage, WEE1 inhibits CDK1, leading 1 Introduction to cell cycle arrest and allowing time for DNA repair [4]. (sagepub.com)
Inhibiting WEE1 abrogates G2 cell cycle arrest, resulting The tyrosine kinase WEE1 regulates cyclin-dependent kinase in premature entry into mitosis and leading to aberrantly 1 (CDK1), which drives cells from the G2 phase into mitosis, high CDK2 activity in S-phase cells, with the deregulated and CDK2, which drives cells into and through the S phase DNA replication resulting in replication stress [1, 5]. (sagepub.com)
Cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity, G2/M phase arrest, and disruption of p34cdc2/cyclin B1 activity induced by doxorubicin in synchronized P388 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Treatment of synchronized cells in early S phase with 1 microM Dox (2 x ID50) for 1 hr induced a marked cell arrest at G2/M phase at 6-12 hr after drug incubation. (aspetjournals.org)
2006. C. elegans DAF-18/PTEN mediates nutrient-dependent arrest of cell cycle and growth in the germline. . (ucsb.edu)

Interaction between alfalfa mitotic cyclin (Medsa;CycB2;1) and a kinase partner has been reported previously. (bibbase.org)

Since ESR1 mutations are acquired, analysis of the metastatic specimen (as opposed to the primary specimen) or of circulating tumor cells or ctDNA, is critical. (nejm.org)
Aurora A overexpression in many malignant tumor types suggests that it may be directly involved in NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)
The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. (lookformedical.com)

Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed significant neuronal cell damage, while terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining indicated a high rate of apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, cisplatin induced cell apoptosis and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were downregulated after treatment with BHGJP. (bvsalud.org)
We tested our hypothesis by examining the effects of silencing C/EBPβ, DDIT4, Trib3 or α-syn with small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) on METH-induced autophagy and apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. (cancerindex.org)
We show that the depletion of Mcl-1 is sufficient to induce apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
20 years ago to have in vitro activity against CLL cells by causing apoptosis by a unique mechanism. (peptide-solubility.com)
Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)

Levels of cellular protein phosphorylation are modulated both by protein kinases and phosphatases. (rupress.org)

Until very recently, the Cdc25 family was the only subfamily of tyrosine phosphates for which no three-dimensional structural data were available. (embl.de)

Cell membrane receptors are what scientists call molecular structures that send and receive signals from the environment. (callaix.com)
We hypothesize that a dynamic equilibrium between the dominant buried state and an transiently open, kinase-accessible state is present in the p27-cyclin A-CDK2 complex, and aim to test this hypothesis through the use of unbiased molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations. (lu.se)

EC 3.1.3.48 ) catalyse the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue, using a cysteinyl-phosphate enzyme intermediate. (embl.de)

Kinases are a class of enzyme that promote phosphorylation. (callaix.com)
In untreated control P388 cells, p34cdc2 kinase localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasms, particularly in the centrosomes, and p34cdc2 kinase activity is dependent on cell cycle progression, with the enzyme activity increasing steadily from G1/S to G2/M and markedly declining thereafter. (aspetjournals.org)
In a cell-free system, Dox did not inhibit p34cdc2 kinase activity, indicating that is has no direct effect on the enzyme function. (aspetjournals.org)
Choline kinase (ChoK), the enzyme responsible for the generation of phosphorylcholine (PCho) from its precursor choline, is the first enzyme in the Kennedy pathway that renders phosphatidylcholine as its final product. (aacrjournals.org)
Protein tyrosine (pTyr) phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification which can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular localisation, affect protein stability, and regulate enzyme activity. (embl.de)

Epidermal growth factors (EGF) help regulate cell growth and differentiation. (callaix.com)
This report addresses the question of whether various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents up-regulate the expression of p27 in preneoplastic and neoplastic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Experimental evidence presented in the first half of this report shows that these agents fairly faithfully up-regulate expression of p27 in mouse epidermal (JB6) and human breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB-321, and AU565) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on these findings, we conclude that various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents up-regulate expression of p27 in (pre)neoplastic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The mTOR signaling complex 1 (mTORC1) helps maintaining protein synthesis through phosphorylation of at least two direct targets, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) and ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6Ks) [ 3 ] that regulate the activity of EIF4F, a heterotrimeric complex required for the cap-dependent ribosome recruitment phase of translation initiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein kinases and their substrates regulate essentially all cellular processes through complex regulatory networks, in which phosphorylated proteins act as switches that tune the response of the cell to environmental stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)

Choline kinase (ChoK) is increased in human mammary tumors with high incidence, and this activation is associated with clinical variable indicators of greater malignancy. (aacrjournals.org)

Also phosphorylates SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and represses its transcriptional activity. (ayassbioscience.com)
The largest cell panels available today are derived from cancerous tissues, since a crucial step towards personalized cancer medicine is the identification of transcriptional signatures that can guide drug prescription. (biomedcentral.com)

Mammalian Cdc25 phosphatase is responsible for the dephosphorylation of Cdc2 and other cyclin-dependent kinases at Thr14 and Tyr15, thus activating the kinase and allowing cell cycle progression. (embl.de)

Phosphorylation assays also revealed that at least three kinase complexes (Cdc2Ms A/B, D and F) were successively active in G2/M cells after synchronization. (bibbase.org)
article{meszaros_multiple_2000, title = {Multiple cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and phosphatases control {G2}/{M} progression in alfalfa cells}, volume = {43}, issn = {1573-5028}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006412413671}, doi = {10/cb64mn}, abstract = {Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
p27 is a protein that binds to and prevents the activation of different G1 and S phase cyclin-CDK complexes. (lu.se)

Impaired insulin signalling was shared by neurovascular unit cells with, additionally, apoptotic pathway changes in astrocytes and dysregulation of advanced glycation end-product signalling in endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Anti-apoptotic signals induced downstream of HER2 are known to contribute to the resistance to current treatments of breast cancer cells that overexpress this member of the EGFR family. (biomedcentral.com)
To address this, we investigated what role anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, key regulators of cancer cell survival, might play in the viability of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We used cell lines as an in vitro model of HER2-overexpressing cells in order to evaluate how anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, and pro-apoptotic Puma and Bim impact on their survival, and to investigate how the constitutive expression of these proteins is regulated. (biomedcentral.com)

It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (ayassbioscience.com)
The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (cancerindex.org)

Although the importance of kinases in this process has long been recognized, an appreciation for the complex and fundamental role of phosphatases is more recent. (rupress.org)
Furthermore, kinases and phosphatases may work together to modulate the strength of a signal. (rupress.org)
Adding further complexity to this picture is the fact that both kinases and phosphatases can function in signaling networks where multiple kinases and phosphatases contribute to the outcome of a pathway. (rupress.org)
To fully understand this complex and essential regulatory process, the kinases and phosphatases mediating the changes in cellular phosphorylation must be identified and characterized. (rupress.org)
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
So far limited research efforts have been devoted to the functions of phosphatases in the control of plant cell division. (bibbase.org)
This entry represents the PTPase domain found in several tyrosine-specific protein phosphatases (PTPases). (embl.de)

When these kinases go wrong, normal cellular function can go awry. (callaix.com)
Consequently, maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. (embl.de)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)

We isolated X1 neoblasts cells enriched in high piwi-1 expression (Neoblast Population), and profiled ∼7,614 individual cells via scRNA-seq. (stowers.org)
Preliminary studies using either N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat breast cancer model or human breast cancer cell lines in vitro had suggested, but not proved, that nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents increase p27 protein expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Preliminary studies using in vivo model of MNU-induced rat mammary cancer and in vitro model of cultured cells had suggested - but not proved - that various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents, including moderate dietary restriction, up-regulated the expression of p27 (Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
Female mice lacking TAF(II)105 are viable but infertile because of a defect in folliculogenesis correlating with restricted expression of TAF(II)105 in the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle. (appliedbioinfo.com)
We employed a panel of human cell lines varying in p210BCR ABL expression amounts that served as models for distinct phases of CML. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
However, the expression of cell cycle markers in the postnatal or adult brain is still a matter of controversial debate. (biomedcentral.com)
The present results suggest that the expression of cell cycle-related markers may have supplementary functions in differentiated neurons that might be associated with neuronal plasticity. (biomedcentral.com)

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) regulates cell growth and development. (callaix.com)

Cytoplasmic c Abl could be activated during the G1 S phase transition of the cell cycle, when retinoblastoma gets phosphorylated and releases c Abl Prasugrel from its inhibitory interaction. (pkc-inhibitors.com)

Dependent on the substrate they act upon they can be broadly classified into 3 categories: protein kinases, carbohydrate kinases and lipid kinases. (horizondiscovery.com)
How a particular protein kinase recognises its substrate protein(s) is therefore a key question. (biomedcentral.com)
Two major factors determine the formation of a protein kinase-substrate complex [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The first, termed substrate recruitment, encompasses any process that increases the effective concentration of the protein kinase substrate. (biomedcentral.com)

Pho85 is a multifunctional Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase (CDK) in yeast. (umbc.edu)

Additionally, M alone did not alter the activation level of ERK1/2 in AGN 205327 the HN2-5 cells (Physique S1). (thetechnoant.info)
Open in a separate window Physique 1 Serotonin 1A receptor-mediated activation of PKC and ERK1/2 in proliferating hippocampal neuron-derived HN2-5 cells. (thetechnoant.info)
It is predominantly expressed in immune cells and transduces a signal in response to its activation via tyrosine phosphorylation by interleukin receptors. (appliedbioinfo.com)
We observed a publish translational activation of Separase proteolytic activity in BCR ABL positive cells soon after treatment method with therapeutic IM doses. (pkc-inhibitors.com)

Together, they are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal function. (umbc.edu)
The Abl loved ones of kinases has been proven to perform a significant role in neuronal growth and the latest studies have shown that c Abl, precisely, may perhaps be an important player in neurodegenerative conditions. (pkc-inhibitors.com)

A set of cdc2-related genes (cdc2Ms A, B, D and F) was expressed in G2 and M cells. (bibbase.org)

2013. Transdifferentiation and remodeling of post-embryonic C. elegans cells by a single transcription factor. . (ucsb.edu)

A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are a family of tyrosine protein kinases. (callaix.com)

However, preclinical models showed that mutated ESR1 cell lines were not adequately suppressed by standard doses of fulvestrant but could be substantially inhibited by more potent selective ER degraders (SERDs), agents that bind and degrade the ER, including mutated ESR1. (nejm.org)

When up-regulated, p27 inhibits G1-to-S phase transition of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms8

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs165

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Inhibitor12

Serine15

CDKs7

Residues9

CDK48

Signaling pathway1

Inhibitors12

Inhibition5

Including D-type cyclins1

Regulation11

Phosphoinositide 3-kina3

Proliferation7

Localization5

Specificity5

Pathways5

Enzymes5

Extracellular1

Gene15

Oncogene3

Arrest5

Mitotic1

Tumor3

Apoptosis6

Protein phosphorylation1

Subfamily1

Molecular2

Residue1

Enzyme5

Regulate6

Choline1

Transcriptional2

Dephosphorylation1

Complexes3

Apoptotic4

Subunit2

Phosphatases7

Cellular3

Expression7

Regulates1

Cytoplasmic1

Substrate4

Multifunctional1

Activation4

Neuronal2

Cdc21

Embryonic1

Eukaryotic2

Family1

Bind1

Inhibits1