Tyrosine grb2 adaptor protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 by insulin receptor (IR) introduces multiple binding sites for proteins bearing SH2 homology domain, such as PI3K, Grb-2/Sos complex and SHP2. (wikipedia.org)
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptors or IGF-1 receptors, upon extracellular ligand binding, induces the cytoplasmic binding of IRS-1 to these receptors, through its PTB domains. (wikipedia.org)
C-terminal region contains most of the phosphorylation sites of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
Different Serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, caused by various molecules, such as fatty acids, TNFα and AMPK, has different effects on the protein, but most of these effects include cellular re-localization, conformational and steric changes. (wikipedia.org)
These processes lead to decrease in Tyrosine phosphorylation by insulin receptors and diminished PI3K recruitment. (wikipedia.org)
SOCS proteins act by binding to IR and by interfering with IR phosphorylation of IRS-1, therefore attenuating insulin signaling. (wikipedia.org)
They can also bind to JAK, causing a subsequent decrease in IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
CD95 signaling by protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase causes activation was responsible for the F Promotion of both caspase-8 association erismodegib LDE225 with CD95 and increased Ht eIF2 phosphorylation. (syksignaling.com)
The JNK protein kinase is a member of the MAP kinase group that is activated in response to dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine. (umassmed.edu)
Akt activation leads to the phosphorylation and inactivation of various downstream targets, including glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which regulates glycogen synthesis, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which controls protein synthesis and cell growth. (ebiwinner.com)
Engagement of the TCR by antigenic peptide bound to a histocompatibility molecule (in humans, an HLA molecule) leads to a complex set of biochemical events in which the initial activation of protein phosphorylation is critical. (nih.gov)
These complexes contain enzymes that are regulated by protein phosphorylation and whose substrates are located at the membrane. (nih.gov)
Initial studies focused on characterization of the multiple TCR subunits and discovery of TCR tyrosine phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
The tyrosine phosphorylation of some of these molecules creates binding sites for additional molecules. (nih.gov)
Here, we used time-resolved high-throughput proteomic analyses to identify and quantify the phosphorylation events and protein-protein interactions encoding T cell ligand discrimination in antigen-experienced T cells. (nature.com)
This is consistent with reports that the slow phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of the Lat adaptor associates with recruitment and activation of the phospholipase Plcγ1, thereby constituting an important kinetic bottleneck for ligand discrimination 11 . (nature.com)
We defined quantitative signatures of ligand affinity based on protein phosphorylation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) stoichiometry for critical molecular events associated with TCR signaling. (nature.com)
While the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of Cd3 and the inducible interaction between Cd3 and Zap70 remained largely unaffected, the abundance of activated Zap70 dropped with decreasing peptide affinity. (nature.com)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
Binding of Sema4D to plexin-B1 stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB-2, resulting in the phosphorylation of both plexin-B1 and ErbB-2. (rupress.org)

BRAF is a protein kinase and part of the MAP kinase signalling cascade which involves transduction of a growth signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus via a chain of protein kinases and is responsible for cellular proliferation and survival. (hindawi.com)
The BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (hindawi.com)
This signal transduction pathway is initiated by epidermal growth factor ligands binding to and activating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) at the cell membrane. (hindawi.com)
In recent years, the search for intracellular signaling integrator downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases provided valuable novel substrates. (springer.com)
Several of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors have activity against both c-Met and RON kinases whereas the antibodies generally are target specific. (oncotarget.com)
Nck is a protein that interacts with receptor tyrosine kinases and guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos. (embl.de)
SYK, along with ZAP70, is a member of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases. (syksignaling.com)
Insulin-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases [ERKs, also known as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases] is mediated by Ras. (nih.gov)
These protein kinases correspond to alternatively spliced isoforms derived from the JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 genes. (umassmed.edu)
Following binding of the antigen-HLA complex to the TCR, receptors aggregate, associated protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) are activated, and TCR subunits and a number of linker or adapter molecules are phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. (nih.gov)
Activation of protein serine/threonine kinases and pathways coupled to small G proteins, and elevation of intracellular calcium, are examples of the events that follow. (nih.gov)
Protein tyrosine kinases of the Src family, Fyn and Lck, are associated with the TCR and TCR coreceptors, respectively. (nih.gov)
Ras signaling can be thought of in simple terms as occuring downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, triggered by association of adaptor proteins with the phosphorylated cytoplasmic tails of these receptors. (sdbonline.org)
The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and survival. (genome.jp)

It is a 131 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple tyrosine residues of IRS-1 itself are then phosphorylated by these receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, tyrosine residues of YXXM motifs, which recruit downstream effectors, also contributed to IRS-1 self-association and LLPS. (nature.com)
Sequence alignment and structural analysis suggest that the residues in the WPD loop, especially the amino acid following Asp421, are critical for the movement of WPD loop on binding substrates and the specific activity of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. (umassmed.edu)
LAT, initially characterized by this laboratory, is an integral membrane protein with multiple tyrosine residues. (nih.gov)
The PDGFRβ is heavily phosphorylated on numerous tyrosine residues through both autophosphorylation and ligand-dependent processes. (biolegend.com)

Grb2 or growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 is an adaptor protein involved in the Ras signaling pathway. (uvm.edu)
The key components of the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway include the IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (ebiwinner.com)
The Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway regulates cell growth and survival by activating downstream signaling molecules that promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and stimulate protein synthesis. (ebiwinner.com)
Therefore, amino acids in multifunctional docking sites of Met have been exchanged with specific binding motifs for downstream adaptor molecules in order to investigate the signaling potential of the HGF‑Met signaling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Noonan syndrome and related disorders are caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins of the RAS-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which affect development by enhanced ERK1/2 activity. (sdbonline.org)
This study identified that the protein most commonly affected in Noonan syndrome, the phosphatase SHP2, known in Drosophila as corkscrew (CSW) , controls life span, triglyceride levels, and metabolism without affecting ERK signaling pathway. (sdbonline.org)

I joined the department of Molecular Biology as Scientist in 1989, and my lab helped establish a technology to fuse biologically important proteins to antibody molecules. (gene.com)
Adaptor proteins are critical for the development of many tissues and function by tethering upstream signals to downstream molecules to initiate and/or propagate cellular responses (1). (uvm.edu)
RESULTS: Integration of our experimental approaches unambiguously pointed toward EGFR and EPHA2 tyrosine kinase receptors as molecules of choice for co-targeting in multiple tumor types. (bvsalud.org)

Our data reveal auto-inhibitory SHIP activation by the activated BCR and suggest an unexpected negative-regulatory capacity of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs in Igα and Igβ. (crick.ac.uk)

The adaptor protein Grb2 is able to enhance the activity of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Btk through a novel mechanism, revealing a new role for Grb2 in B-cell signaling. (elifesciences.org)
It also shows a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 179 aa cytoplasmic domain with two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs ITSMs (2, 3). (rndsystems.com)
Two tyrosines in the cytoplasmic domain are required for association of CD229 with the adaptor proteins AP-2 (μ2 chain) and GRB-2 and both are required for CD229 internalization (8, 9). (rndsystems.com)
Several cytoplasmic docking proteins appear to be recruited by specific ErbB receptors and less exploited by others. (genome.jp)

These four tyrosine-containing motifs are intact in the described CD229 splice variants. (rndsystems.com)
SHIP function is thought to require the dual engagement of the BCR and negative regulatory coreceptors as only the latter appear capable of recruiting SHIP from the cytosol to the plasma membrane by the virtue of phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. (crick.ac.uk)
They are able to bind specific motifs containing a phosphorylated tyrosine residue, propagating the signal downstream by promoting protein-protein interactions and/or modifying enzymatic activities. (eu.org)

Receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation attracts proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) or phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains including adaptor proteins like FRS2 and GRB2. (springer.com)
Here, we show that insulin-induced activation of ERKs was enhanced by stable overexpression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) but not by overexpression of GRB2 proteins with point mutations in the Src homology 2 and 3 domains. (nih.gov)
EGFR is type I receptor tyrosine kinase with sequence homology to erbB-1, -2, -3 -4 or HER-1, -2, -3 -4. (neobiotechnologies.com)
Src Homology 2 (SH2) domains are small modular domains found within a great number of proteins involved in different signalling pathways. (eu.org)
The Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain is a major protein interaction module that is central to tyrosine kinase signaling. (eu.org)
In addition to a C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, dShc contains an N-terminal phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, which associates in vitro with the autophosphorylated DER receptor tyrosine kinase and with phosphopeptides containing an Asn-Pro-X-pTyr motif, where pTyr stands for phosphotyrosine. (elsevierpure.com)

More recently, we've turned our attention to an intracellular signaling network dubbed the unfolded protein response (UPR). (gene.com)
These include the adaptors Crk, Nck, the phospholipase C gamma (PLCgamma), the intracellular tyrosine kinase Src, or the Cbl E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. (genome.jp)

It is an integral component of the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase cascade. (hindawi.com)
The Shc- and/or Grb2-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a common target downstream of all ErbB receptors. (genome.jp)

In separate work, my team identified a set of secreted proteins overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment, and developed antibodies to block their cognate receptors for therapeutic gain. (gene.com)
In addition to plexins, various other proteins have been implicated either as receptors for semaphorins or as components of the semaphorin receptor complex ( Pasterkamp and Kolodkin, 2003 ). (rupress.org)

EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. (bioss.com.cn)
This MAb recognizes a protein of 170kDa, identified as EGFR. (neobiotechnologies.com)
Ligand binding to the four closely related members of this RTK family -epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as ErbB-1 or HER1), ErbB-2 (HER2), ErbB-3 (HER3), and ErbB-4 (HER4)-induces the formation of receptor homo- and heterodimers and the activation of the intrinsic kinase domain, resulting in phosphorylation on specific tyrosine residues (pY) within the cytoplasmic tail. (genome.jp)

2016) . A cross-species study of PI3K protein-protein interactions reveals the direct interaction of P85 and SHP2 . (sdbonline.org)
These data revealed an unexpected direct binding of Corkscrew, the Drosophila ortholog of the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase type II (SHP2) to the Pi3k21B (p60) regulatory subunit of PI3K (p50/p85 human ortholog) but no association with Pi3k92e , the human ortholog of the p110 catalytic subunit. (sdbonline.org)
The p85-SHP2 association was validated in human cell lines, and formed a ternary regulatory complex with GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (human GAB2 but not Drosophila Dos ). (sdbonline.org)
Validation experiments with knockdown of GAB2 and Far-Western blots proved the direct interaction of SHP2 with p85, independent of adaptor proteins and transfected FLAG-p85 provided evidence that SHP2 binding on p85 occurred on the SH2 domains. (sdbonline.org)
Noonan syndrome (NS) and NS with multiple lentigines (NSML) cognitive dysfunction are linked to SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) gain-of-function (GoF) and loss-of-function (LoF), respectively. (sdbonline.org)

Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. (bioss.com.cn)

Other inhibitory pathways include SOCS proteins and O-GlcNAcylation of IRS-1. (wikipedia.org)
Among them are the Sprouty proteins which mainly act as inhibitors of growth factor-dependent neuronal and glial signaling pathways. (springer.com)
In contrast to the activated epidermal growth factor receptor that binds the GRB2-Sos complex directly, activation of the insulin receptor results in the interaction of GRB2-Sos with IRS-1 and Shc, thus linking the insulin receptor to Ras signaling pathways. (nih.gov)
an adapter protein coupling the receptor to downstream signaling pathways. (bioss.com.cn)
The growth factor receptor-binding protein Grb2, composed of one SH2 and two SH3 domains, acts as an adaptor protein in transduction of signals from tyrosine-phosphorylaled proteins (EGF-receptor, or SHC), to the Ras dependent pathways. (elsevierpure.com)

Transcriptional activation of the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 by ligands targeting its heterodimer partner retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) occurs through a nonclassical pharmacological mechanism involving ligand-binding domain protein-protein interaction inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
Comparison of the binding activity of the JNK isoforms demonstrated that the JNK proteins differ in their interaction with ATF2, Elk-1 and Jun transcription factors. (umassmed.edu)
5. Mass spectrometry-enabled protein conformational and interaction analysis with emphasis on H/D exchange mass spectrometry. (oregonstate.edu)

they bind pTyr-containing polypeptide ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites. (umbc.edu)
Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. (biossusa.com)
Here, we describe an approach called ''consolidated" ligands to probe structural and functional activities of multidomain proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
Based on the structure of whole Grb2, consolidated ligands were designed and synthesized. (elsevierpure.com)
The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
As a result, formation of the signalosome of the Lat adaptor was severely impaired with low- compared with high-affinity ligands, whereas formation of the signalosome of the Cd6 receptor was affected only partially. (nature.com)

The crystal structures of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 catalytic domain and the complex it forms with the substrate analogue tungstate have been determined and refined to crystallographic R values of 0.209 at 2.5 A resolution and 0.207 at 2.8 A resolution, respectively. (umassmed.edu)

The Tir protein of EPEC binds NCK1/NCK2 SH2 domains through a high affinity pYDEV motif ( Frese,2006 ). (eu.org)

one binds to phosphorylated tyrosines (the upstream molecule) and the other binds to a proline rich motif, predominately on the guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS (the downstream molecule) (2). (uvm.edu)
I first focused on the activation of the EGF receptor, a plasma membrane receptor tyrosine kinase that specifically binds EGF and TGF-α. (uconn.edu)

The FGFs are heparin -binding proteins and interactions with cell-surface associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans has been shown to be essential for FGF signal transduction. (beauty104.com.tw)

SH2 domains are phosphotyrosine recognition domains, often mediating transient interactions with target proteins. (eu.org)
We study protein mobility and interactions by solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). (oregonstate.edu)

This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. (bioss.com.cn)
In flies, the dShc protein physically associates with the activated Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor homolog (DER) and is inducibly phosphorylated on tyrosine by DER. (elsevierpure.com)

Despite low sequence similarity, the catalytic domain of SHP-1 shows high similarity in secondary and tertiary structures with other protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). (umassmed.edu)

The protein kinase activity of these JNK isoforms was measured using the transcription factors ATF2, Elk-1 and members of the Jun family as substrates. (umassmed.edu)

CD140b contains two immunoglobulin-like domains and a tyrosine kinase domain with a predicted molecular weight approximately 124 kD. (biolegend.com)

Endocytic trafficking dynamically regulates neuronal plasma membrane protein presentation and activity, and plays a central role in excitability and plasticity. (umassmed.edu)
Taken together, these results demonstrate that novel, non-classical endocytic mechanisms dynamically control the plasma membrane presentation of these two important neuronal proteins. (umassmed.edu)
These initial events lead to the generation of multiple protein complexes that localize at the TCR and the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)

Mutations in the RON and c-Met promoters are known to enhance transcription and point mutations have been identified that enhance tyrosine kinase activity [ 19 - 21 ]. (oncotarget.com)

A fly-human cross-species comparison of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) interactome was conducted in a Drosophila S2R+ cell line and several NSCLC and human multiple myeloma cell lines to identify conserved interacting proteins to PI3K, a critical signaling regulator of the AKT pathway. (sdbonline.org)

was recognized in response to peptides from many of the undescribed protein previously, most of that have been not really targeted by IgE. (enmd-2076.com)

Here, we show that plexin-B family members stably associate with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2. (rupress.org)

GRB2 overexpression led to increased formation of a complex between the guanine nucleotide-releasing factor Sos (the product of the mammalian homolog of son of sevenless gene) and GRB2. (nih.gov)
Desensitization of p21(ras) after stimulation of cells by growth factors and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Son-of-sevenless (Sos) and its dissociation from the adaptor protein Grb2 (Cherniack, A., Klarlund, J. K., Conway, B. R., and Czech, M. P. (1995) J. Biol. (umassmed.edu)

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. (bioss.com.cn)
Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. (bioss.com.cn)
The dshc gene, which maps to position 67B-C on the third chromosome, encodes a 45-kDa protein that is widely expressed throughout the Drosophila life cycle. (elsevierpure.com)

This domain occurred 99 times on human genes ( 217 proteins). (umbc.edu)

The 45-kDa dShc protein is closely related both in overall organization and in amino acid sequence (46% identity) to the 52-kDa mammalian Shc isoform. (elsevierpure.com)

The semaphorin superfamily are composed of three protein families, the semaphorins, plexins and the c-Met family [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Plexins are widely expressed transmembrane proteins that mediate the effects of semaphorins. (rupress.org)
Their effects are mediated by plexins, a group of transmembrane proteins. (rupress.org)

Despite the close relationship between the Drosophila and mammalian Shc proteins, dShc lacks the high-affinity Grb2-binding site found in mammalian Shc, suggesting that Shc proteins may have functions in addition to regulation of the Ras pathway. (elsevierpure.com)

CD140b is a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. (biolegend.com)

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using GRB2 (D2M8M) Rabbit mAb (upper) and β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). (cellsignal.com)
Most studies address Grb2's role in the vasculature system or in cell culture, and mice deficient in Grb2 die very early in development, therefore little is known about Grb2's role in the nervous system (3, 6, 7, 8). (uvm.edu)
A study in mouse cell lines demonstrated Grb2 was necessary in facilitating cortical neuron growth, which displays the importance of Grb2 in development of neural tissues (4). (uvm.edu)
Proteins that act both at the cell surface and intracellularly will be discussed in this thesis, with particular emphasis on the fibroblast growth factors. (beauty104.com.tw)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human GRB2 Related Adaptor Protein 2 (GRAP2) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (therabio.org)
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of GRB2 Related Adaptor Protein 2 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
TotalSeq™-D antibodies are compatible with Mission Bio's Tapestri Single-Cell Sequencing Platform for simultaneous detection of DNA and Protein. (biolegend.com)
TotalSeq™-D reagents are designed to profile protein expression at single cell level. (biolegend.com)

Rho GTPase activating protein 24 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. (biossusa.com)

On the contrary, knockdown of Sprouty proteins increases proliferation of activated astrocytes and, consequently, reduces secondary brain damage in neuronal lesion models such as kainic acid-induced epilepsy or endothelin-induced ischemia. (springer.com)

Antibodies to the human Shc adaptor protein were used to isolate a cDNA encoding a Drosophila Shc protein (dShc) by screening an expression library. (elsevierpure.com)

NCKAP5 interacts with the SH3-containing region of the adaptor protein Nck. (embl.de)

Moreover, a dominant negative form of Ras (with Ser17 substituted with Asn) blocked insulin-induced activation of ERKs in cells that overexpressed GRB2. (nih.gov)
In the absence of coreceptor ligation, SHIP translocates to sites of BCR activation through a concerted action of the protein adaptor unit Dok-3/Grb2 and phosphorylated BCR signaling components. (crick.ac.uk)
My results indicate that KCNK3 internalizes in response to Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation, using a novel pathway that requires the phosphoserine binding protein, 14-3-3β, and demonstrates for the first time regulated KCNK3 channel trafficking in neurons. (umassmed.edu)

Allergic respiratory illnesses are connected with high degrees of IgE antibodies to particular allergenic protein and elevated degrees of eosinophils that infiltrate the prospective tissue (5). (enmd-2076.com)

Zellzerst Tion by lowering eIF2 and PERK-dependent Ngigen protein c-flip-plane, w While the overexpression of c-flips Zelllebensf Get up ability. (syksignaling.com)

Additionally, loss of Grb2 leads to abnormalities in the peripheral nervous system, and retinal patterning. (uvm.edu)
Growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic abnormalities are involved in tyrosine kinase resistance in CML, leading to leukemic clone escape and disease propagation. (cellmolbiol.org)

Furthermore, in mitotics, the adapter protein GRB2 moved to the membrane fraction when stimulated by TGF-α but remained in the cytosolic fraction in EGF-stimulated cells. (uconn.edu)

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins play essential roles in mediating insulin/IGF signaling by recruiting a series of downstream effectors 23 . (nature.com)
In response to insulin stimulation, this complex bound to tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1) and Shc. (nih.gov)

Anatomy29

Organisms6

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs158

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes42

Information Science3

Phosphorylation21

Kinases14

Residues6

Signaling pathway6

Molecules3

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs1

Cytoplasmic4

Motifs3

Homology6

Intracellular2

Mitogen-activa2

Receptors2

EGFR3

SHP25

Autophosphorylation1

Pathways5

Interaction3

Ligands6

Phosphatase1

Nck11

Binds2

Signal Transduction1

Interactions2

Epidermal2

Phosphatases1

Substrates1

Kinase domain1

Plasma membrane3

Point mutations1

PI3K1

Peptides1

ERBB1

Sevenless2

Gene4

Genes1

Amino acid seq1

Plexins3

Mammalian1

Receptor for members1

Cell8

GTPase2

Proliferation1

Drosophila1

Interacts1

Activation3

Antibodies1

Overexpression1

Abnormalities2

Membrane fraction1

Insulin receptor2