EpitheliumGlandsTumorEpithelial cellsCarcinomaTissueGland developmentRole in mammary glandProliferating cell nuRemoved mammary tumorsTumors in dogsRisk of mammaryFeatures of mammaryMicroscopy of mammaryBenignCarcinomasMouse mammaryBovineMicePagetExtramammaryMalignantLocal lymphRatsThoracicTumorigenesisMusculusCellsTissuesLactationProliferationSpasmInternalTumourSymptomsAbnormalityMilkDevelopmentCancerBreedsFemale
Epithelium5
- Deletion of RANK from the mammary epithelium results in a markedly decreased incidence and delayed onset of MPA-driven mammary cancer. (nature.com)
- In particular, Rbl and RblNFmutant female mice have hyperplastic mammary epithelium due to insensitivity to TGF-P growth inhibition. (uwo.ca)
- We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)
- Cells which lack ER expression at diagnosis arise from an ER compart- were harvested at 60 - 80% confluency and used as a reference in all hybrid- ment within the mammary epithelium or represent evolution from an izations. (lu.se)
- These results confirm that preadipocytes and adipocytes are important components of the stroma, providing paracrine factors that actively regulate the development of bovine mammary epithelium . (bvsalud.org)
Glands12
- The word "mammary" is similar to "mammal" because our classification in the animal kingdom is named after our glands. (healthline.com)
- Specifically, only women who have given birth have functioning mammary glands. (healthline.com)
- The mammary glands located in the breast are responsible for producing milk for a suckling baby following childbirth. (healthline.com)
- Mammary glands and ducts are also important in gauging the stage of a woman's breast cancer. (healthline.com)
- A female has 5 mammary glands and nipples, located on the left and right side of the lower abdomen. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- The first three mammary glands (1,2,3) will spread cancer to the axillary lymph nodes (right side of the dog's body), while 3,4 and 5 spread to the inguinal lymph nodes (left side of the dog's body). (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- This study showed that OG has anti-inflammatory potential against LPS-induced inflammation in the mammary glands. (medworm.com)
- In female mammals, growth and development of mammary glands occur primarily postnatally, with mammary function in the mature animal being tightly coupled to reproductive strategy. (frontiersin.org)
- Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, apocrine glands, and mammary glands are considered epidermal glands or epidermal appendages, because they develop as downgrowths or diverticula of the epidermis into the dermis. (medscape.com)
- Cats generally have four pairs of mammary glands (thoracic, cranial abdominal, caudal abdominal, and inguinal - see the illustration). (vin.com)
- Tumors spread from the mammary glands to local lymph nodes and then on to the chest, brain, bone, and even spleen. (vin.com)
- This means removing not just the affected mammary glands but the entire chain of mammary glands on that side. (vin.com)
Tumor20
- The World Health Organization in 2020 classified mammary type myofibroblastoma tumors and myofibroblastoma tumors (i.e. extramammary myofibroblastic tumors) as separate tumor forms within the category of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors. (wikipedia.org)
- Canine mammary tumor has been used as a model for human breast cancer in several clinical trials. (vin.com)
- Dietary, one of associated factors, has been suggested that might be of etiologic importance in canine mammary tumor but still has insufficient information. (vin.com)
- Present study aimed to specifically investigate the relation of dietary types frequently fed to dogs with and without mammary tumor. (vin.com)
- The study was organized during 2001-2002 in Bangkok by interviewing the owners of 275 dogs (2.6-15 years old) diagnosed with mammary gland tumors and the owners of 150 non-tumor dogs (3.3-18 years old). (vin.com)
- Data showed that 91.3 % from the dogs with mammary tumor had been fed with homemade diet (31.6% fat, 40.4% carbohydrate and 24.9% protein) and only 0.7 % strictly fed with commercial dry diet (13.0% fat, 54.5% carbohydrate and 21.5% protein). (vin.com)
- High fat homemade diet found to involve in or play a critical role on canine mammary gland tumor reported in human breast cancer. (vin.com)
- It is the most common type of tumor in unspayed females, representing 41.7% of all tumors. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- Often a benign canine mammary tumor contains several types of cells. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- This type of tumor is rare and is called a benign mixed mammary tumor that is comprised of connective and glandular tissue. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- A canine mammary tumor can be a solid mass or manifest as multiple swellings in the breast. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- I've had a very high success rate removing this type of tumor. (rmca.org)
- The most common tumor in rats is a benign mammary tumor, with most of these being a fibroadenoma (Fibro-from connective tissue, aden-from a gland, oma-a benign tumor. (rmca.org)
- The risk of a dog developing a mammary tumor is 0.5% if spayed before their first heat (approximately 6 months of age), 8% after their first heat, and 26% after their second heat. (acvs.org)
- More than a quarter of unspayed female dogs will develop a mammary tumor during their lifetime. (acvs.org)
- A dog with a mammary tumor just before surgery. (acvs.org)
- Researchers concluded this type of Essiac could "promote mammary tumor development" in rats. (mesothelioma.com)
- A grade I tumor generally has a good chance of a one-year survival time, depending on its size and tumor type. (vin.com)
- If only one side is involved, and the tumor is deemed to be in an early enough state for a cure to be possible, consider prophylactic removal of the unaffected mammary chain (i.e. the other side) as the factors that led to tumor development on the first side undoubtedly still apply to the as yet unaffected side. (vin.com)
- 2001). No other tumor types were increased in these toxicity in mice and rats, including mouse lung tu- studies in mice. (cdc.gov)
Epithelial cells7
- Here we show that the in vivo administration of MPA triggers massive induction of the key osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) in mammary-gland epithelial cells. (nature.com)
- Genetic inactivation of the RANKL receptor RANK in mammary-gland epithelial cells prevents MPA-induced epithelial proliferation, impairs expansion of the CD49f hi stem-cell-enriched population, and sensitizes these cells to DNA-damage-induced cell death. (nature.com)
- Priming the udder of cows with LPS was shown to induce ET in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), thereby protecting the udder against reinfection for some time. (uni-muenchen.de)
- This dictates cycles of mammary growth, differentiation, lactation, and regression, during which mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for the lineages of luminal and basal (myoepithelial) epithelial cells in the ducts and alveoli. (frontiersin.org)
- During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Adipocyte-Derived Paracrine Factors Regulate the In Vitro Development of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. (bvsalud.org)
- In the present study, primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) and bovine adipose-derived stem cells (bASC) subjected to adipogenic differentiation were used to investigate the influence of paracrine factors secreted by preadipocytes and adipocytes on bMEC development. (bvsalud.org)
Carcinoma3
- A rare type of cancer, canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma, may show symptoms such as sudden pain and glandular swelling. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- A dog with mammary carcinoma. (acvs.org)
- In addition, 14 of the patients were the normal mammary gland and are also important in the development premenopausal (5 ER and 9 ER ) and 33 were postmenopausal (18 ER and progression of breast carcinoma. (lu.se)
Tissue14
- Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumour tissue from 22 patients with mammary and extramammary Paget's disease have been stained immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody (NCL-CB11) raised against a synthetic peptide from the C-terminal end of the predicted sequence of the c-erbB-2 protein product. (nih.gov)
- We hypothesize that the low-grade inflammatory state associated with obesity is present in human mammary tissue, stimulates Wnt activity, and thereby leads to the development of breast cancer. (umass.edu)
- Previous molecular characterizations of mammary stem cells (MaSC) have utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting or in vitro cultivation of cells from enzymatically dissociated tissue to enrich for MaSC. (frontiersin.org)
- Transcriptome difference and potential crosstalk between liver and mammary tissue in mid-lactation primiparous dairy cows. (oregonstate.edu)
- The functional analysis of the DEG uncovered a larger metabolic (especially related to lipid) and inflammatory response capacity in liver compared with mammary tissue while the mammary tissue had a larger protein synthesis and secretion, proliferation/differentiation, signaling, and innate immune system capacity compared with the liver. (oregonstate.edu)
- Compared with mammary tissue, the liver transcriptome appeared to be under control of a large array of ligand-dependent nuclear receptors and, among endogenous chemical, fatty acids and bacteria-derived compounds. (oregonstate.edu)
- Compared with liver, the transcriptome of the mammary tissue was potentially under control of a large number of growth factors and miRNA. (oregonstate.edu)
- In summary the transcriptome analysis confirmed prior known differences between liver and mammary tissue, especially considering the indication of a larger metabolic activity in liver compared with the mammary tissue and the larger protein synthesis, communication, and proliferative capacity in mammary tissue compared with the liver. (oregonstate.edu)
- A large crosstalk between the two tissues with a reciprocal control of metabolism and innate immune-adaptation was indicated by the network analysis that allowed uncovering previously unknown crosstalk between liver and mammary tissue for several signaling molecules. (oregonstate.edu)
- Oncogenic viruses demonstrating a strict tropism for the mammary gland provide special opportunities to study the susceptibility of this tissue to neoplasia. (princeton.edu)
- although because female rats have widespread mammary tissue, they can occur anywhere on the body. (rmca.org)
- Pantomics Array Description: Pituitary gland adenoma tissue array, 45 cases including a single core from 42 cases of various types of adenoma. (delos.info)
- Lemongrass extract (essential oil) exhibits chemopreventive properties against chemically-induced alterations in mammary tissue. (greenmedinfo.com)
- The mammary gland is composed of epithelial tissue forming ducts and lobules, and the stroma, composed of adipocytes , connective tissue , and other cell types. (bvsalud.org)
Gland development5
- The osteoclast differentiation factor osteoprotegerin-ligand is essential for mammary gland development. (nature.com)
- Using gene-targeted mice where the LXCXE binding cleft on pRB has been disrupted (R b l^ and RblNF), we have discovered that pRB plays a crucial role in mammary gland development. (uwo.ca)
- Stat 5a Knockout: Stat5a deficiency results in the loss of prolactin-dependent mammary gland development and lactogenesis. (nih.gov)
- Prolactin induces mammary gland development and lactogenesis. (nih.gov)
- The stromal microenvironment regulates mammary gland development by paracrine and cell - cell interactions . (bvsalud.org)
Role in mammary gland1
- Consistent with a direct role in mammary gland oncogenesis, the Ad9 E4 region also exhibited transforming properties in vitro. (princeton.edu)
Proliferating cell nu1
- Labeling indices for Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen marker in mammary carcinomas of the treated group were 35% and 30% lower, respectively, than those of the corresponding control group. (nih.gov)
Removed mammary tumors1
- I've successfully removed mammary tumors the size of a small apple! (rmca.org)
Tumors in dogs2
- There are several varieties of mammary tumors in dogs. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- The prognosis is good following surgical resection for most mammary tumors in female dogs, but the prognosis is worse for certain types of tumors in dogs and all mammary tumors in cats. (acvs.org)
Risk of mammary2
Features of mammary1
- However, a 2001 study followed by numerous reports found tumors with the microscopic histopathology and other key features of mammary MFB in a wide range of organs and tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Microscopy of mammary1
- Using high-resolution multiphoton microscopy of mammary carcinomas in mice, Gligorijevic et al . (nature.com)
Benign6
- There are two main types of tumors, benign and malignant. (rmca.org)
- the rest were females, almost all of them with benign mammary tumors. (rmca.org)
- Benign mammary tumors are usually distinct lumps just under the skin that can be moved around slightly with the fingers. (rmca.org)
- Although benign mammary tumors are most commonly seen in rats, they can also get a variety of other tumors. (rmca.org)
- In female dogs, 50% of mammary tumors are benign and 50% are malignant. (acvs.org)
- They are not life threatening, but some types of benign breast lumps can increase a woman's risk of getting breast cancer. (cancer.org)
Carcinomas4
- These results indicate that the root extract reduced the number of mammary carcinomas that developed and reduced the rate of cell division in the carcinomas. (nih.gov)
- Tubular carcinomas account for approximately 8-27% of all breast cancers, though this type is rare in males. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Medullary carcinomas usually do not grow quickly or spread outside the breast, so it is generally easier to treat this type than other forms of breast cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Feline mammary tumors are generally either carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. (vin.com)
Mouse mammary1
- Wound Healing Assay Time series DIC images of mouse DA3 cells, derived from the mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cell line D1-DMBA-3, induced in BALB/C mice by dimethylbenzanthracene were grown to 90% confluence. (ucsd.edu)
Bovine2
- The LREC in bovine mammary gland appeared to have a modest proliferation rate in which 5.4% of LREC co-expressed Ki-67 ( Capuco, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Bovine mammary gene expression profiling using a cDNA microarray enhanced for mammary-specific transcripts. (sutterhealth.org)
Mice4
- Here I show that LXCXE-dependent growth control by pRB blocks formation of mammary tumours in Wap-p53R172Htransgenic mice. (uwo.ca)
- Although mice have provided the primary model for study of mammary growth and development, a single model species cannot provide comprehensive knowledge. (frontiersin.org)
- Stat5a null mice developed normally, and were indistinguishable from hemizygous and wild-type littermates in size, weight and fertility. (nih.gov)
- Researchers saw increased weight in mice exposed to a type of Essiac during prenatal development. (mesothelioma.com)
Paget3
- Patients with mammary Paget disease (PD) present with a relatively long history of an eczematous skin lesion or persistent dermatitis in the nipple and adjacent areas. (medscape.com)
- Mammary Paget disease (PD) affecting 48-year-old woman. (medscape.com)
- A less common type of breast cancer called Paget disease of the breast can start in the nipple. (cancer.org)
Extramammary4
- Mammary-type myofibroblastoma (MFB), also named mammary and extramammary myofibroblastoma, was first termed myofibrolastoma of the breast, or, more simply, either mammary myofibroblastoma (MMFB) or just myofibroblastoma. (wikipedia.org)
- Extramammary MFB, however, has in recent studies been found to occur far more frequently than mammary MFB: a study of 143 patients reported that extramammary MFB outnumbered mammary MFB 10 to 1. (wikipedia.org)
- The possible implications of these findings for the histogenesis of both mammary and extramammary Paget's disease are discussed. (nih.gov)
- Pigmented mammary PD and pigmented extramammary PD are rare clinical entities in both males and females. (medscape.com)
Malignant4
- The faster growing dangerous type are called malignant. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- However, few of the malignant mammary tumors are fatal . (acvs.org)
- In contrast, over 85% of mammary tumors in cats are malignant and most of these have an aggressive biologic behavior (i.e., mammary tumors in cats tend to be locally invasive and spread elsewhere in the body). (acvs.org)
- Dogs are lucky, as only about 50% of mammary tumors are malignant for them. (vin.com)
Local lymph1
- A good general physical exam is needed to find the location, size, and character of all the mammary masses and assess local lymph node enlargement. (acvs.org)
Rats2
- In rats, human adenovirus type 9 (Ad9) elicits mammary fibroadenomas that are similar to common breast tumors in women, as well as phyllodes-like tumors and mammary sarcomas. (princeton.edu)
- Because mammary tumors are just under the skin the surgery to remove them is minor, as opposed to major surgery which enters a body cavity, and rats usually recover quite quickly. (rmca.org)
Thoracic3
- A mass was found in thoracic CT adjacent to the thoracic wall corresponding to a thrombosed left internal mammary artery aneurysm ( Figure 1 ). (archbronconeumol.org)
- It is a type of congenital thoracic malformation. (medscape.com)
- Both types of sequestration usually have arterial supply from the thoracic or abdominal aorta. (medscape.com)
Tumorigenesis2
- In contrast, the same growth control mechanism is unnecessary to protect against Neu or 7,72-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis. (uwo.ca)
- Therefore, the Ad9 E4 region is a viral oncogene specifically involved in mammary gland tumorigenesis. (princeton.edu)
Musculus1
- CIL:45452, Mus musculus, mammary adenocarcinoma. (ucsd.edu)
Cells4
- All 12 cases of mammary Paget's disease showed membrane staining of intra-epidermal cells, indicating c-erbB-2 over-expression. (nih.gov)
- Note that trans‐Golgi cisternae in lactating mammary cells contain large amounts of casein and other milk proteins and are grossly expanded due to the osmolarity of the secreted fluid. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- Slow-moving tumour cells had invadopodia, whereas fast-moving cells did not, and both types of locomotion were present in different regions of the same tumour. (nature.com)
- BT-474 cells, obtained expression of the receptor has important implications for their biology from American Type Culture Collection, were maintained in RPMI 1640 and therapy (1). (lu.se)
Tissues2
- With the purpose of understanding both the different and the complementary roles and the crosstalk of those two organs during lactation, a transcriptome analysis was performed on liver and mammary tissues of 10 primiparous dairy cows in mid-lactation. (oregonstate.edu)
- Two Stat proteins, Stat 5a and Stat5b, are expressed in mammary tissues during pregnancy. (nih.gov)
Lactation1
- Liver and mammary gland are among the most important organs during lactation in dairy cows. (oregonstate.edu)
Proliferation1
- During periods of low mammary proliferation, quiescence of the stem cell population may account for retention of label. (frontiersin.org)
Spasm3
- The article is dedicated to the management of internal mammary artery spasm intra- and postoperatively based on the accumulated evidence in the literature. (scirp.org)
- Stone, G.W. and Hartzler, G.O. (1989) Spontaneous Reversible Spasm in an Internal Mammary Artery Graft Causing Acute Myocardial Infarction. (scirp.org)
- Kong, B., Kopelman, H., Segal, B.L. and Iskandrian, A.S. (1988) Angiographic Demonstration of Spasm in a Left Internal Mammary Artery Used as a Bypass to the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery. (scirp.org)
Internal7
- Coronal maximum intensity projection (A), sagittal (B), and consecutive axial (C and D) CT scans in mediastinal window show a thrombosed giant left internal mammary artery aneurysm aneurysm (arrow heads). (archbronconeumol.org)
- The right internal mammary artery seen as normal (arrows). (archbronconeumol.org)
- Internal mammary artery aneurysm is a rare but life-threatening condition. (archbronconeumol.org)
- Tector, A.J., Schmahl, T.M. and Canino, V.R. (1983) The Internal Mammary Artery Graft: The Best Choice for Bypass of the Diseased Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery. (scirp.org)
- Mills, N.L. and Ochsner, J.L. (1975) Preparations of Internal Mammary Arteries for Coronary Bypass with Intraluminal Papaverine. (scirp.org)
- Green, G.E. (1971) Rate of Blood Flow from the Internal Mammary Artery. (scirp.org)
- Janelle, G.M., Urdaneta, F., Martin, T.D. and Lobato, E.B. (2000) Effects of Calcium Chloride on Grafted Internal Mammary Artery Flow after Cardiopulmonary Bypass. (scirp.org)
Tumour1
- Cytostatic control is considered a key tumour suppressive mechanism in the mammary gland. (uwo.ca)
Symptoms3
- This article will look into the different types of breast cancer, including their symptoms, outlooks, and treatment options. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, other signs and symptoms include discharge from a mammary gland, ulceration of the skin over a gland, painful, swollen breasts (Figure 2), loss of appetite, weight loss, and generalized weakness. (acvs.org)
- Symptoms of cancer can vary widely based on the type and severity of the dog's cancer. (petinsurancereview.com)
Abnormality1
- He had not any type of abnormality such as aberrant right subclavian artery. (archbronconeumol.org)
Milk1
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy signal the mammary ducts to begin producing milk in preparation for the eventual birth of a baby who will require mother's milk. (healthline.com)
Development3
- However, unlike other components of TGF-P cytostatic signalling, pRB is thought to be dispensable for mammary development. (uwo.ca)
- Taken together, this work demonstrates a unique functional connection between pRB and TGF-p in growth control and mammary development. (uwo.ca)
- In contrast, later development of the accessory lung bud results in the extrapulmonary type that may give rise to communication with the GI tract. (medscape.com)
Cancer13
- RANK controls the incidence and onset of progestin-driven mammary cancer. (nature.com)
- Dog mammary cancer more frequently appears in the 4th and 5th gland. (labrador-retriever-guide.com)
- There are several different types of breast cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- To understand more about the types of breast cancer, a person may find it helpful to learn about the anatomy of the breast. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The way the disease presents itself can look very different in each individual dog for a variety of reasons, from age to breed to type of cancer and beyond. (petinsurancereview.com)
- Some pain could be more chronic and related to the type of cancer. (petinsurancereview.com)
- For example, Bernese mountain dogs are one of the few breeds known to contract a rare type of cancer known as hystiocytic sarcoma. (petinsurancereview.com)
- Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast. (cancer.org)
- Angiosarcoma is a less common type of breast cancer that can start in the lining of these vessels. (cancer.org)
- The mammary cancer picture is a little different between cats and dogs. (vin.com)
- In cats, mammary cancer is the third most common cancer, with the most common victim being a senior female cat around age 10-12 years who either remains unspayed or was spayed well into adulthood. (vin.com)
- Having given birth to kittens has no effect on mammary cancer risk. (vin.com)
- L'étude menée en Iraq a utilisé la méthode d'hybridation in situ pour déterminer la fréquence du papillomavirus humain et pour son génotypage dans les échantillons de tissus prélevés auprès de 129 patientes ayant reçu un diagnostic de cancer du sein malin, de 24 patientes porteuses d'une tumeur du sein bénigne et de 20 femmes témoins en bonne santé. (who.int)
Breeds1
- They also tend to develop mammary tumors at a younger age than other breeds (9 years is average for Siamese and 14 for non-Siamese). (vin.com)