Types of influenza a viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Protein-mediated membrane fusion is an essential step in many fundamental biological events, including enveloped virus infection. (nih.gov)
Influenza virus infection increased production of intracellular ROIs in A549 pulmonary epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
Influenza virus infection also activated NF-kappa B binding as determined by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. (nih.gov)
Early suspicion for infection and initiation of treatment, even with negative testing, is essential for cardiothoracic transplant recipients during the current pandemic of novel 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
However, those antibodies may have been produced after an infection by influenza C virus, the antibodies for which cross-react with the Type D virus. (wikipedia.org)
It has been suggested that the increased lethality in young adults occurred because they lacked protective immunity that would be conferred by previous infection with a related virus. (virology.ws)
This infection provided no protection against the 1918 H1N1 virus. (virology.ws)
Protection of other age groups from lethal infection was likely a consequence of childhood exposure to N1 or H1 containing viruses (this may also have resulted in the lower than usual mortality in the elderly population). (virology.ws)
For example, the high virulence of currently circulating H3N2 influenza viruses in those older than 65 years might be a consequence of infection with an H1N1 virus at a young age. (virology.ws)
In challenge experiments, mice immunized by infection with attenuated mutant viruses were fully protected from lethal challenge with WT virus. (usu.edu)
Since the first human case of influenza A (H7N9) virus infection was identified in China, a total of 347 infected patients were confirmed as of February 18, 2014, with a total of 109 deaths [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
As of May 5, using an updated case definition of fever plus cough or sore throat for a suspected case and real-time reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or viral culture for a laboratory-confirmed case, Mexico had identified 11,932 suspected cases and 949* cases of laboratory-confirmed novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, including 42 patients who died. (cdc.gov)
After recognition of the first cases of infection with the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, CDC and state health departments initiated enhanced surveillance measures to identify additional cases. (cdc.gov)
The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. (nature.com)
Immune responses to natural infection with influenza virus in humans are relatively broad and long-lived, but influenza viruses can escape from these responses over time owing to their high mutation rates and antigenic flexibility. (nature.com)
A better understanding of how natural infection induces broad and long-lived immune responses will be key to developing next-generation influenza virus vaccines. (nature.com)
The evolutionary pressure exerted by antibody responses (together with other factors and random events), mostly from natural infection, forces the virus to change its surface antigens, usually by introducing point mutations, in a process known as antigenic drift . (nature.com)
Influenza infection is usually self-limiting and rarely fatal. (labtestpk.com)
Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that can be an infection in the throat, nose, and sometimes in the Lungs. (labtestpk.com)
Influenza C is cause infection in humans. (labtestpk.com)
Title : Critically Ill Patients With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in 2014 Personal Author(s) : Napolitano, Lena M.;Angus, Derek C.;Uyeki, Timothy M. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, the current study was carried out to characterize the effect of a 21 day pre-administration of zero, 5, or 25 μg PFOS/kg bw/day in female B6C3F1 mice on host resistance to influenza A virus infection. (diva-portal.org)
The hepatitis B vaccine helps protect you from getting a liver infection due to the hepatitis B virus . (medlineplus.gov)
Through the analysis of 291 samples taken from patients with suspected Influenza A(H1N1) virus infection in Neuquén, Argentina, this study compares the two diagnostic methods used simultaneously: direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (paho.org)
Flu vaccine can also be given at the same visit as nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody indicated for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. (healthychildren.org)
As of October 3, 2016, at least 856 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in 16 countries had been reported to the World Health Organization, among which 452 had ended in death, for an apparent case fatality rate of 52.8% ( WHO, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
PA-X antagonises MAVS-dependent accumulation of early type I interferon messenger RNAs during influenza A virus infection. (ox.ac.uk)
The evolutionarily conserved influenza A virus (IAV) protein PA-X has been implicated in suppressing the host response to infection, including the expression of type I IFNs. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we characterise this further using a PA-X-deficient virus of the mouse-adapted PR8 strain to study activation of the innate immune response in a mouse model of the early response to viral infection. (ox.ac.uk)
This therefore suggests a role for PA-X in preventing the accumulation of early type I IFN mRNAs in the lung during IAV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Among the copious species of poultry in China, quail and chickens are the likely sources of infection of H7N9 influenza virus to humans, according to a paper. (sciencedaily.com)
Flu, also called influenza, is a viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs, which are part of the respiratory system. (drugs.com)
The case was picked up through the WHO's severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance system, which tracks these types of infections. (dailymail.co.uk)
Although there are known age and sex susceptibilities, little is known about how the interaction of age and sex may affect a population's vulnerability to infection with different subtypes of influenza virus. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations suggest that there is an interaction between age and sex on susceptibility to influenza infection which varies by the subtype of the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
Targeted vaccination campaigns may need to take into consideration specific age and sex groups who have a greater susceptibility to influenza infection as well as those who experience a greater burden of illness. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, Jacobs and colleagues (2012) observed sex differences in the risk of pandemic A(H1N1) virus by age, with post-menopausal women having a lesser rate of decline in risk of infection compared with men of the same age. (biomedcentral.com)
and (c) attenuated (att) (i.e., they do not produce classic influenza-like illness in the ferret model of human influenza infection). (rxlist.com)
Influenza infection is transmitted through respiratory droplets or contact and is clinically indistinguishable from other respiratory viral diseases without laboratory confirmation. (who.int)
Avian influenza can also infect humans and the first cases of human infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza (A/H5N1) were reported in 1997 in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. (who.int)
Due to high infection rate across the population, it is predicted that the market for seasonal influenza vaccine will increase in next few years. (powershow.com)
In addition, geriatric population and people suffer numerous diseases, which are held responsible for developing influenza virus infection. (powershow.com)
Swine influenza is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. (cnet.com)
Influenza - what most of us call "the flu" - is a contagious viral infection of the nose, throat, and lungs. (kidshealth.org)
Influenza is a contagious viral infection that attacks the respiratory system. (gulfnews.com)
Type A influenza infection (the strain that attacks birds and some mammals) can be serious and cause widespread outbreaks and disease. (gulfnews.com)
This editorial outlines one such approach, based on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of influenza virus infection. (aafp.org)
When influenza is present in the community, most of these febrile respiratory illnesses are attributable to influenza infection. (aafp.org)
The triage protocol for suspected influenza infection is initiated after influenza viruses, including H1N1 influenza viruses, have been identified in the community (or other geopolitical unit) through culture or antigen detection. (aafp.org)

Current subtypes of influenza A viruses that routinely circulate in people include A(H1N1) and A(H3N2). (cdc.gov)
The vaccine, known as Flublock, is produced by Protein Sciences Corp, (Meriden, Connecticut, USA) and contains three full-length, influenza hemagglutinin (HA) proteins derived from influenza virus A strains, H1N1 and H3N2, and influenza virus B strain. (humanviruses.org)
According to the World Health Organization, seasonal influenza viruses - including the H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses, as well as influenza B viruses - cause approximately 3-5 million severe cases and 290,000-650,000 deaths each year worldwide 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
The 1918 H1N1 virus pandemic was followed by an H2N2 virus pandemic in 1957, an H3N2 virus pandemic in 1968 and another H1N1 virus pandemic in 2009 (ref. 7 ). (nature.com)
In 1968, only the H3 HA was newly introduced to humans, whereas the N2 of the H3N2 pandemic virus was derived from the previously circulating H2N2 virus 5 , 7 . (nature.com)
Common subtypes of Influenza are found in human A (HINI) and A (H3N2). (labtestpk.com)
Influenza A(H3N2) viruses account for about 90% of infections, said CDC Director Tom Frieden, MD, MPH, in a news conference today. (medscape.com)
The trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine contains this strain, which matches well to half of the A(H3N2) viruses identified so far. (medscape.com)
The other half, however, are antigenically different from the version of the A(H3N2) virus chosen for the vaccine. (medscape.com)
Reiterating the findings of a CDC health advisory issued yesterday, Dr Frieden said the slight change, or "drift," in the A(H3N2) virus used in the vaccine was detected in March, which was after the 2014 to 2015 vaccine had been formulated. (medscape.com)
Historically, influenza seasons predominated by the A(H3N2) virus tend to have twice as many hospitalizations and deaths as seasons when other viruses are in the forefront, said Dr Frieden. (medscape.com)
The other 91% are influenza A viruses, and nearly all of them are A(H3N2), with a smattering of the once-pandemic A(H1N1) virus, which also is included in the vaccine. (medscape.com)
Dr Frieden stressed that the current vaccine, although impaired, remains the single best safeguard against influenza and "may have some effectiveness" against the drifted A(H3N2) virus. (medscape.com)
Subtypes of influenza A viruses currently found in people are strains of H1N1 and H3N2. (drugs.com)
Age standardised notification rates per 100,000 population were calculated separately for females and males and used to generate female-to-male ratios with 95% confidence intervals for influenza A and B, and for virus subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2). (biomedcentral.com)
334,560 notifications for influenza A (all notifications), A(H1N1)pmd09, A(H3N2) and B subtypes from a total of 335,414 influenza notifications were analysed. (biomedcentral.com)
Female notification rates were significantly higher for A(H1N1)pdm09 in those aged 15 to 54 years, for Type A and sub-type A(H3N2) in those aged 15 to 69 years, and for Influenza B in those aged 20 to 74 years. (biomedcentral.com)
FluMist Quadrivalent contains four vaccine virus strains: an A/H1N1 strain, an A/H3N2 strain and two B strains. (rxlist.com)
1957 Asian Flu pandemic (influenza A/H2N2), 1968 Hong Kong flu pandemic (influenza A/H3N2) and the 2009 (influenza A[H1N1]pdm09) resulting in far fewer deaths. (who.int)
It is a combination of three-influenza virus namely influenza type A with H3N2 virus stain, influenza type A with H1N1 virus stain and influenza type B virus stain. (powershow.com)

While more than 130 influenza A subtype combinations have been identified in nature, primarily from wild birds, there are potentially many more influenza A subtype combinations given the propensity for virus "reassortment. (cdc.gov)
We developed a series of oligonucleotide primers able to detect, type, and subtype type A influenza viruses in a single reverse transcription-PCR. (nih.gov)
before then, Influenza D virus was thought to be a subtype of Influenzavirus C. Cases of infections from the Type D virus are rare compared to Types A, B, and C. Similar to Type C, Type D has 7 RNA segments and encodes 9 proteins, while Types A and B have 8 RNA segments and encode at least 10 proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In 1918, antibodies against a group 2 HA subtype virus (H3) did not protect against severe disease caused by a group 1 HA subtype virus (H1). (virology.ws)
GICA specifically reacted with recombinant HA proteins, virus lysates, and clinical samples from H7 subtype viruses. (hindawi.com)
We found that the GICA specifically reacted with recombinant HA protein, virus lysates, and clinical samples from H7 subtype viruses and was more sensitive than viral culture but less sensitive than RT-PCR. (hindawi.com)
The common subtype of Influenza B found in humans is B (Yamagata and B Victoria). (labtestpk.com)
H1N1 flu is a subtype of influenza A. (drugs.com)
Each influenza subtype includes many different strains of influenza virus. (drugs.com)
Laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza notified between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015 obtained from the Australian Government National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System Influenza Public Data Set were analysed by age, sex and virus subtype. (biomedcentral.com)
and higher for those aged 0 to 14 years and those 85 years and older for influenza types A and B and subtype A(H1N1)pdm09. (biomedcentral.com)
They note that variations by sex and virus subtype across countries remain to be resolved. (biomedcentral.com)
Determining whether the influenza virus nucleic acid is present in the sample can be accomplished by detecting hybridization between an influenza specific probe, influenza type specific probe, and subtype specific probe and an influenza nucleic acid. (genomeweb.com)

Background: Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) have been reported in shorebirds, especially at Delaware Bay, USA, during spring migration. (usgs.gov)
Methods: We experimentally challenged ruddy turnstones using a common LPAIV shorebird isolate, an LPAIV waterfowl isolate, or a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. (usgs.gov)
Results: Most ruddy turnstones had pre-existing antibodies to avian influenza virus, and many were infected at the time of capture. (usgs.gov)
Conclusions: These results provide a reference for interpretation of surveillance data, modeling, and predicting the risks of avian influenza transmission and movement in these important hosts. (usgs.gov)
Analysis of influenza virus genome sequences using a host-specific molecular clock together with seroarchaeology (analysis of stored sera for the presence of antibodies to influenza virus) indicates that the 1918 H1N1 virus arose ~1915 by reassortment of an avian influenza virus with an H1 virus that had previously emerged around 1907. (virology.ws)
The 1918 virus acquired the HA gene from the 1907 virus, and the NA gene and internal protein genes from an avian virus. (virology.ws)
Egypt reported 2 human cases caused by avian influenza A(H5N1) -a 45-year-old man (dead) and a 4-year-old child from 2 governorates. (who.int)
Since April 2014, new infections of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans and domestic poultry have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and posed an enormous threat to human health worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
Since 2003, multiple highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5 subtypes, including H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, have generated severe epidemics and thus not only tremendous economic losses in the domestic poultry industry, but also serious threats to human health worldwide ( Jhung and Nelson, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
The H7N9 avian influenza virus was first reported in humans in March 2013 in China. (sciencedaily.com)
This work supports the need for better surveillance in animal species for avian influenza," says Suarez. (sciencedaily.com)
The WHO said: 'Since avian influenza viruses continue to be detected in poultry populations, further sporadic human cases are expected in the future. (dailymail.co.uk)
Dr Steven Salzberg, a professor of biomedical engineering at Johns Hopkins University, told DailyMail.com: 'Of course China should report any such cases promptly, as should any country, but occasional avian influenza cases happen every year in China. (dailymail.co.uk)
In addition to A/H5N1 an increasing number of other avian influenza A viruses are being recognised as causing sporadic infections in humans. (who.int)
Continuing outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza virus (AIV) infections of wild birds and poultry worldwide emphasize the need for global surveillance of wild birds. (usgs.gov)

In fact the vast majority of influenza vaccines - both inactivated and infectious - are produced in chicken eggs. (virology.ws)
In summary, the replication and attenuating properties of these mutants suggest that the CCHH motif provides a critical determinant for virulence in mouse and that mutations in the CCHH motif yield potential vaccine candidates for the development of live species-specific attenuated influenza virus vaccines. (usu.edu)
The bacculovirus-derived flu vaccine was about 44.6 percent effective against all circulating influenza strains and not just the three HA strains matching the vaccine.The most commonly reported adverse events included pain at the site of injection, headache, fatigue and muscle aches but these adverse event are also typical for present day vaccines. (humanviruses.org)
Since baculovirus is incapable of infecting humans they could be considered a safer vaccine and should alleviate allergic reactions caused by present vaccines produced from chicken eggs, as well as lessen production costs and untimely delays seen when producing whole virus vaccines in eggs or in subunit vaccines grown in mammalian cells in tissue culture. (humanviruses.org)
Furthermore, inactivated influenza virus vaccines focus on the induction of systemic IgG responses but do not effectively induce mucosal IgA responses. (nature.com)
Avoid vaccines that contain live viruses. (cancer.org)
There are two types of influenza vaccines available. (healthychildren.org)
All the vaccines available for children this year protect against four different influenza viruses (two A and two B viruses). (healthychildren.org)
Influenza vaccines are produced every year against seasonal influenza and offer protection for vulnerable groups in the community. (who.int)
Influenza vaccines also known as shots or jabs these vaccines protect against influenza. (powershow.com)
Over the last few years, a market of influenza vaccines has witnessed double growth and the reason behind is the fear of an impending pandemic. (powershow.com)
The major players like Fluarix and Flulaval, GlaxoSmith Klene, Novastis, CSL, Medimmune, Sanofi-Pasteur, Solvay, Sinovac, biotech and Hualun biologicals of influenza vaccines manufacturers cover three fourth of total vaccine in influenza vaccine market. (powershow.com)
Influenza vaccine market can be compartmentalized based on vaccines, its type of influenza viruses, and end-users. (powershow.com)
There is development of several vaccines to prevent pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses using recombinant DNA technology and extended researches are going on to develop effectual influenza vaccines using cell culture technology. (powershow.com)
What Are the Types of Flu Vaccines? (kidshealth.org)
The researchers used vaccines developed to combat a specific influenza virus strain. (eurekalert.org)
It can be used by any producer of any type of vaccine, including vaccines for novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 or influenza. (eurekalert.org)
Doctors say the COVID vaccines and boosters can certainly help, but based on data from those who have prediabetes, losing fifteen pounds can slow the progression of type 2, and of course improving your diet helps as well. (wkyc.com)

Subtypes of Influenza A have two Proteins on the surface of the virus. (labtestpk.com)
Depending on their age, females may be more susceptible to certain subtypes of influenza virus. (biomedcentral.com)
The inclusion of pregnancy and menopausal status in surveillance data may assist development of targeted public health approaches during the emergence of new subtypes of influenza virus. (biomedcentral.com)
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has received US Patent No. 8,568,981, "Probe and method for detection and discrimination of types and subtypes of influenza viruses. (genomeweb.com)

Influenza C virus infections generally cause mild illness and are not thought to cause human epidemics. (cdc.gov)
no human infections from this virus have been observed. (wikipedia.org)
Influenzavirus D is less common than the other antigenic types, and it is not known to cause any human infections. (wikipedia.org)
Rapid and accurate diagnoses are critical for the treatment of patients with influenza A (H7N9) infections, as well as for the control of infections and the prevention of epidemics [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our results indicated that GICA is an effective alternative method for the effective detection of H7N9 virus infections and surveillance, especially in resource-limited settings. (hindawi.com)
Influenza viruses cause mild to severe respiratory infections in humans and are a major public health problem. (nature.com)
Certain chemo drugs (such as purine analogs − see the chemotherapy section for details) and the antibody drug alemtuzumab(Campath) can raise your risk of certain infections such as CMV (a virus) and pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci . (cancer.org)
Like other forms of bird flu, human infections can occur when enough virus gets into a person's eyes, nose, mouth or is inhaled. (dailymail.co.uk)
Influenza infections in Australia 2009-2015: is there a combined effect of age and sex on susceptibility to virus subtypes? (biomedcentral.com)
These observations allude to the presence of age and sex differences in influenza infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Giefing-Kroll and colleagues (2015) reported sex disparities in influenza infections, with premenopausal women susceptible to pandemic influenza and men to seasonal influenza. (biomedcentral.com)
Overview of Viral Infections A virus is composed of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. (msdmanuals.com)
In the UAE, the vaccination covers several strains of influenza, including the deadly H1N1 strains, the cause of serious viral infections last flu season. (gulfnews.com)
Influenza infections typically represent a small, but significant percentage of the annual caseload in family medicine settings. (aafp.org)
During October through May-the respiratory virus season and the period of seasonal influenza in the United States-acute respiratory tract infections with fevers of 100°F (37.8°C) or greater, coupled with a cough or sore throat, may comprise 2 to 3 percent of all patient visits. (aafp.org)
Infections with RSV are so common, especially in children, that many people are not tested for the virus unless they are at risk of more severe disease. (healthline.com)

Pandemic influenza is caused by a new or novel influenza that is introduced into a population where few people are immune. (who.int)
The global influenza market is growing due to increase in awareness about the pandemic influenza viruses and because of government involvement for the vaccination against influenza viruses. (powershow.com)
And the pediatric death rate for pandemic influenza is much higher than during normal influenza seasons . (scienceblogs.com)
Timely provision of appropriate care is a necessary precondition to mitigate the effects of pandemic influenza. (aafp.org)
Clinical management of adult patients with complications of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009: emergency guidelines for the management of patients with severe respiratory distress and shock in district hospitals in limited-resource settings. (who.int)
Main operational lessons learnt from the WHO pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccine deployment initiative. (who.int)
Report of the WHO pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccine deployment initiative. (who.int)

Detection and identification of human influenza viruses by the polymerase chain reaction. (nih.gov)
Human influenza is caused by the influenza viruses which are classified into three main types: influenza A, B and C. Influenza A and B viruses can cause epidemic disease in humans and type C viruses usually cause a mild, cold-like illness. (who.int)
Data describing seasonality, epidemiology, transmission patterns and disease burden from human influenza in the African Region is limited. (who.int)

This logic can also explain mortality caused by influenza H5N1 and H7N9 viruses. (virology.ws)
Most fatalities caused by H5N1 viruses (the H5 is a group 1 HA) have been in individuals who were infected as children with an H3 virus (group 2 HA). (virology.ws)
The paper by Worobey et al on the genesis and pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus provides new explanations for the age distribution of mortality during the 1918 and subsequent influenza pandemics and following H5N1 and H7N9 influenza (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014 doi/10.1073/pnas.1324197111). (virology.ws)

There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics of disease in people (known as flu season) almost every winter in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A viruses are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics (i.e., global epidemics of flu disease). (cdc.gov)
The morbidity and mortality associated with these pandemics can exceed that of seasonal influenza virus epidemics , and such pandemics can cause millions of deaths. (nature.com)
Influenza is a global infectious disease that affects human populations through epidemics and pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza viruses can spread rapidly around the world causing seasonal epidemics that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. (who.int)
Two types of influenza virus, type A and type B, regularly cause seasonal epidemics of influenza in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)
Every year, throughout the world, widespread outbreaks of influenza occur during late fall or early winter in temperate climates (called seasonal epidemics). (msdmanuals.com)

Of the four antigenic types, influenza A virus is the most severe, influenza B virus is less severe but can still cause outbreaks, and influenza C virus is usually only associated with minor symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
In March and early April 2009, Mexico experienced outbreaks of respiratory illness subsequently confirmed by CDC and Canada to be caused by the novel virus. (cdc.gov)
Influenza B is caused and responsible for localized Outbreaks on smaller levels (seasonal flu). (labtestpk.com)
The strain of influenza virus causing outbreaks is always changing slightly, so that each year the influenza virus is a little different from the previous year's. (msdmanuals.com)
Type A and B viruses cause the large seasonal outbreaks. (gulfnews.com)
Before detection of influenza in the community, clinical evaluation and laboratory testing is essential to identifying etiologic agents and the onset of influenza outbreaks. (aafp.org)

In tropical and subtropical regions the existence of seasonal patterns of influenza transmission are unknown and sporadic cases of influenza can occur year-round. (who.int)

Number of Case-Patients Hospitalized with Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness, by Week and Virus Strain at 4 Sites, South Africa, 2009-2012. (medscape.com)
These observations suggest that childhood exposure to influenza virus is a key predictor of virulence of a pandemic strain. (virology.ws)
Sufficient virus may be produced in one or two eggs (depending on the viral strain) to produce one 15 microgram dose of vaccine. (virology.ws)
The influenza strain identified in U.S. patients was genetically similar to viruses isolated from patients in Mexico ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The 2014 to 2015 influenza season could be more severe than most - with more hospitalizations and deaths - because the current vaccine looks to be less effective than expected against the dominant influenza strain in circulation, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medscape.com)
Influenza B viruses now represent almost 9% of the viruses tested by the CDC and match up well with the B strain in the vaccine. (medscape.com)
Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. (cnet.com)
Thus, a strain might be named influenza A, H1N1. (msdmanuals.com)
The name of a strain often reflects its type, the location where it first appeared (for example, Hong Kong flu) or an animal (for example, swine flu), and the year it was detected. (msdmanuals.com)
While this is not the strain that is currently circulating in Brazil, in principle the results can be generalized for any type of vaccine, evidently with case-by-case complementary studies. (eurekalert.org)

A pandemic can occur when a new and different influenza A virus emerges that infects people, has the ability to spread efficiently among people, and against which people have little or no immunity. (cdc.gov)

Influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle with spillover to other animals but are not known to infect people to cause illness. (cdc.gov)
This graphic shows the two types of influenza viruses (A and B) that cause most human illness and that are responsible for flu seasons each year. (cdc.gov)
Type A and B influenza viruses can cause a wide spectrum of illness, and these viruses are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity. (nih.gov)
Influenza D is not known to cause illness in humans. (labtestpk.com)
Many people don't realize how serious influenza ( flu ) illness can be, even for previously healthy kids and teens. (healthychildren.org)
Influenza is a global infectious disease with a large burden of illness and high healthcare costs. (biomedcentral.com)
Flu viruses usually cause the most illness during the colder months of the year. (kidshealth.org)
There are many different strains within types A and B influenza viruses but all cause similar illness. (msdmanuals.com)
Type C does not cause a typical influenza illness. (msdmanuals.com)
A flu shot helps your immune system form antibodies against influenza virus, hence curbing your chances of developing the illness and lessenning the transmission of the disease, explained Dr Paz. (gulfnews.com)
It's been diagnosed after someone has an acute illness such as viral gastroenteritis or influenza. (wkyc.com)

however, hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza D virus have been detected in humans, with an estimated occurrence of 1.3% in the general population, suggesting that this virus may infect humans as well. (wikipedia.org)
More studies are needed to conclude whether or not the Type D virus can infect humans. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza A virus can infect a variety of animals as well as humans, and its natural host or reservoir is birds, whereas influenza viruses B, C, and D do not have animal reservoirs. (wikipedia.org)
This study suggests that influenza D virus may be only a few genetic changes away from being able to invade the lower lung, even though the virus does not actively spread among humans and has a much slower mutation rate than the other influenza viruses. (wikipedia.org)
In 2009, a seasonal H1N1 virus was circulating in humans, but the incoming pandemic H1N1 virus had antigenically distinct H1 and N1 surface glycoproteins 6 . (nature.com)
Influenza A is widely found in humans and Pigs. (labtestpk.com)
Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens affecting animals and humans ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Due to the ability of IAV to infect swine and humans and rapidly evolve, there is a risk for zoonotic transmission from pigs to people, and the frequent incursions of human seasonal viruses into swine have greatly influenced the dynamics of IAV evolution ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
The genetic diversity of IAV complicates efforts to control the virus, increasing the threat that a novel virus will emerge in pigs with the capacity to infect humans ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
The Swine flu was initially seen in humans in Mexico in 2009, where the strand of the particular virus was a marriage of 3 types of strands. (cnet.com)
In humans, influenza viruses can be classified into three main groups: A, B, and C. (gulfnews.com)
A genus of the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE comprising tick-borne viruses occasionally infecting humans. (bvsalud.org)

In Qatar, moderate activity was reported for the predominant sub-type influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (Fig. 1). (who.int)

There are various governmental, non-governmental organizations are immensely involved in monitoring, and promoting vaccination programs headed at immunizing people against seasonal influenza viruses. (powershow.com)

PFOS exposure in mice resulted a significant increase in emaciation and mortality in response to influenza A virus. (diva-portal.org)

Most fatalities caused by H7N9 viruses (group 2 HA) have occurred in individuals who were infected as children with H1N1 or H2N2 viruses (group 1 HA). (virology.ws)
We assessed a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for rapid detection of influenza A (H7N9) and compared it with reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culture. (hindawi.com)
Sputum specimens were more likely to test positive for H7N9 virus than samples from throat swabs and feces. (hindawi.com)
The GICA-based H7 test is a reliable, rapid, and convenient method for the screening and diagnosis of influenza A (H7N9) disease, especially for the sputum specimens with high viral load. (hindawi.com)
Neuraminidase inhibitors can inhibit the growth of influenza A viruses at the early stage of the disease [ 2 , 3 ], and laboratory testing has demonstrated that H7N9 viruses are sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Recently, a new GICA for the rapid diagnosis of H7 influenza A viruses was developed by Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co. Ltd. Considering the advantages of GICA, it could be a potentially useful tool for the rapid diagnosis and screening of H7N9 viruses, if it was proven to be of comparable performance with other diagnostic methods. (hindawi.com)
In the study, Suarez and his collaborators first infected seven species of poultry with a human isolate of the Chinese H7N9 virus. (sciencedaily.com)
None of the poultry species became sick when infected with H7N9, making detection of the virus that much more difficult in the birds, says Suarez. (sciencedaily.com)

Influenza A viruses are classified by subtypes based on the properties of their hemagglutinin (H or HA) and neuraminidase (N or NA) surface proteins. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). There are 18 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 11 different neuraminidase subtypes (H1 through H18 and N1 through N11, respectively). (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic trees of influenza viruses will usually display how similar the viruses' hemagglutinin (H or HA) or neuraminidase (N or NA) genes are to one another. (cdc.gov)
As previously described, flu viruses have hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) surface proteins. (cdc.gov)
PCR was carried out with a mixture of primers specific for influenza viruses of types B, A/H1 and A/H3, and subtyping of the neuraminidase was carried out on the same cDNA template under identical conditions. (nih.gov)
Type A and B have two glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (wikipedia.org)
This enzyme is similar to the enzyme neuraminidase produced by Types A and B in that they both function in destroying the host cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Pandemics are typically caused by viruses that feature surface glycoproteins - haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) - to which the human immune system is relatively naive. (nature.com)
For each of the four reassortant strains in FluMist Quadrivalent, the six internal gene segments responsible for ca, ts, and att phenotypes are derived from a master donor virus (MDV), and the two segments that encode the two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), are derived from the corresponding antigenically relevant wild-type influenza viruses. (rxlist.com)

Each sequence from a specific influenza virus has its own branch on the tree. (cdc.gov)

Many viruses counteract this response by blocking the activation of host nucleic acid sensors. (ox.ac.uk)
According to the claimed method, a sample suspected of containing a nucleic acid of an influenza virus is screened for the presence or absence of that nucleic acid. (genomeweb.com)
The presence of the influenza virus nucleic acid indicates the presence of influenza virus. (genomeweb.com)

In past years, many people died due to H1N1 influenza pandemic or swine flu over the globe. (powershow.com)
The current H1N1 influenza (swine flu) outbreak has patients and physicians understandably concerned. (aafp.org)

Does this suggest a childhood immunization strategy with a representative mixture of influenza antigen groups, to circumvent or take advantage of original antigenic sin? (virology.ws)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that it has approved the first trivalent influenza vaccine produced in the insect virus (baculovirus) expression system. (humanviruses.org)

Today this method is most commonly used for growth of influenza virus. (virology.ws)

Influenza Vaccine The influenza virus vaccine helps protect against influenza. (msdmanuals.com)

The natural reservoir of influenza viruses are aquatic birds and influenza can cause disease in a range of mammalian species including pigs, seals and horses. (who.int)
Six of the genes are very similar to the H1N2 influenza virus that was found in pigs around 2000. (cnet.com)

The ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) is the shorebird species with the highest prevalence of influenza virus at Delaware Bay. (usgs.gov)
National and state-based influenza surveillance ( http://www.cdc.gov/flu , http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu ) can help describe the prevalence of influenza. (aafp.org)

All infected birds excreted similar amounts of virus and showed no clinical signs of disease or mortality. (usgs.gov)
The Primary source of influenza A is Aquatic Birds. (labtestpk.com)

Influenza is a highly contagious virus spread by respiratory droplets or direct contact with respiratory tract secretions. (aafp.org)
Because of the contagious nature and the tendency for patients with influenza to seek medical care during the period of highest infectivity, there are compelling reasons to provide appropriate triage over the phone and, therefore, limit the number of patients presenting for evaluation and management. (aafp.org)

Seroarchaeology and mortality data indicate that an influenza pandemic in 1889-1893 was caused by an influenza H3N8 virus. (virology.ws)
How do these events explain the unusual mortality pattern of the 1918 influenza A virus? (virology.ws)
High mortality among 20-40 year old adults might have been a consequence of their exposure to the H3N8 virus that circulated from 1889-1900. (virology.ws)
Childhood exposure might also determine mortality of seasonal influenza. (virology.ws)
However, other factors also affect the pattern of influenza-related mortality. (virology.ws)
Some of the mutant viruses replicated the least in mice lungs, induced little or no lung lesions, and caused highly reduced morbidity and mortality. (usu.edu)

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to experimentally assess the patterns of influenza virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome in ruddy turnstones. (usgs.gov)

In this study, we first tested the sensitivity and specificity of the GICA for detecting recombinant influenza H7 hemagglutinin (HA), virus lysates, and clinical samples. (hindawi.com)
The baculovirus expression has been used in research labs since the mid 1990's to produce recombinant human virus proteins such the influenza HA. (humanviruses.org)

Influenza is an Acute viral disease. (labtestpk.com)
Influenza A virus in swine was the second most frequent confirmed disease etiology between 2010 and 2019 diagnosed from respiratory porcine tissue cases ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
By 25 April 2009, less than one month after the first human with Influenza A(H1N1) virus was detected in Mexico, the disease had already spread to more than 40 countries, with over 10 000 cases reported. (paho.org)
Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease that is often characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, sore throat and cough. (who.int)
Both protect against the four types of influenza virus that are causing disease this season. (kidshealth.org)

Samples taken from the site in question tested positive for influenza A(H3), the World Health Organization (WHO) said. (dailymail.co.uk)

The 1918 influenza pandemic was particularly lethal, not only for the very young and the very old (as observed for typical influenza), but unexpectedly also for young adults, 20 to 40 years of age (pictured). (virology.ws)

Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes, while influenza B viruses are further classified into two lineages: B/Yamagata and B/Victoria. (cdc.gov)

This virus may be spread through respiratory droplets or by fomites (non-living material) due to its ability to survive on surfaces for short durations. (wikipedia.org)
The virus spread from Person to Person through Air by airborne droplets. (labtestpk.com)
The virus is spread by inhaling droplets coughed or sneezed out by an infected person or by having direct contact with an infected person's nasal secretions. (msdmanuals.com)

These viruses also contain proteins on the surface of the cell membrane called glycoproteins. (wikipedia.org)

When it was used to test 98 clinical specimens, this method was comparable to standard culture techniques in the detection, typing, and subtyping of influenza viruses. (nih.gov)
This is a real-time RT-PCR panel for qualitative detection and differentiation of Influenza A virus RNA, Influenza B virus RNA, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in multiple specimen types (upper respiratory, lower respiratory, or saliva). (loinc.org)
Step B, items 2 through 5 of triage protocol: influenza case detection). (aafp.org)
Probes and primers for the detection, typing, and subtyping of influenza virus are also disclosed, as are kits and arrays that contain the disclosed probes and primers. (genomeweb.com)

Global Influenza Vaccine Market & Forecast (30 Countries Market & Vaccinated Population Data) By (Pediatrics & Adult) & Vaccine Brands Analysis is the 8th report by Renub Research on Influenza Vaccine Market. (powershow.com)
At the same time, stringent regulatory framework and unobtainable to remote areas are some of the factors constraining the growth of the global influenza vaccine market until some degree of extend. (powershow.com)
The latest publication by Persistence Market Research on the global influenza diagnostics market evaluates the opportunities and current market landscape, provides detailed analysis, and updates about corresponding sections affecting the market. (bccresearch.com)

Influenza viruses have a relatively short incubation period (lapse of time from exposure to pathogen to the appearance of symptoms) of 18-72 hours and infect the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza can cause mild to severe symptoms in healthy individuals. (labtestpk.com)
The drugs should be prescribed as quickly as possible, and ideally within 48 hours, when someone has influenza-like symptoms. (medscape.com)
Influenza is often diagnosed based on symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
It is caused by a different virus and produces symptoms that are more severe. (msdmanuals.com)
Type C usually causes milder respiratory symptoms. (gulfnews.com)

Reconstruction of the origins of the 1918 influenza virus provides support for this hypothesis. (virology.ws)
however the human 1918 virus was displaced in 1922 by a reassortant with a distinct HA gene. (virology.ws)

Enveloped viruses employ specialized surface proteins to mediate fusion of cellular and viral membranes that results in the formation of pores through which the viral genetic material is delivered to the cell. (nih.gov)
These subtypes are grouped based on two proteins on the surface of the viruses. (drugs.com)
Influenza type A strains are named based on the specific versions of two proteins present on the surface of the virus. (msdmanuals.com)

Yesterday's CDC advisory made that same point, saying that the vaccine "may reduce the likelihood of severe outcomes such as hospitalization and death" for people infected with the drifted virus. (medscape.com)
Given the possibility of a more severe influenza season, Dr Frieden today reminded clinicians to treat suspected cases with the antivirals oseltamivir and zanamivir, especially when patients are at high risk for complications because of a chronic condition such as asthma or diabetes. (medscape.com)
Cite this: Less Effective Vaccine May Mean More Severe Influenza Season - Medscape - Dec 04, 2014. (medscape.com)

FluMist ( influenza vaccine live, intranasal) is a vaccine sprayed into the nose to help protect against the flu. (rxlist.com)
Our FluMist (Influenza Vaccine Live, Intranasal) Side Effects Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. (rxlist.com)
FluMist Quadrivalent ( Influenza Vaccine Live, Intranasal) is a live quadrivalent vaccine for administration by intranasal spray. (rxlist.com)

In northern Africa, influenza B and Influenza A(H3) were detected in Morocco and Tunisia and A(H3) was reported in Egypt. (who.int)

Anatomy16

Organisms99

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care15

Geographicals3

Infection49

H3N220

Subtype13

Avian15

Vaccines18

Subtypes of influenza4

Infections16

Pandemic influenza7

Human influenza3

H5N13

Epidemics7

Outbreaks6

Cases of influenza1

Strain10

Different influenza1

Illness11

Humans12

Pdm091

Vaccination1

Response to influenza A vir1

H7N98

Neuraminidase9

Specific influenza virus1

Nucleic acid3

Swine flu2

Antigen1

Trivalent influenza1

Growth of influenza1

Protect against influenza1

Pigs2

Prevalence of influenza2

Birds2

Contagious2

Mortality6

Patterns of influenza1

Recombinant2

Disease5

World Health Organ1

Typical influenza1

Classified into subtypes1

Droplets3

Glycoproteins1

Detection4

Global influenza3

Symptoms6

19182

Proteins3

Severe3

Vaccine live3

Africa1