• A bivalent vaccine with the same efficacy against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 costing £13-£21 less per dose (depending on the duration of vaccine protection) may be as cost effective as the quadrivalent vaccine although less effective as it does not prevent anogenital warts. (bmj.com)
  • 5 Two prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (a bivalent vaccine against types 16 and 18 and a quadrivalent vaccine that also includes types 6 and 11) have been shown to be efficacious in up to five years of follow-up against types 16 and 18 cervical infection and associated disease as well as against anogenital warts. (bmj.com)
  • Objective To assess the cost effectiveness of routine vaccination of 12 year old schoolgirls against human papillomavirus infection in the United Kingdom. (bmj.com)
  • 9 The announcement follows advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, which considered the cost effectiveness of different options such as vaccinating at different ages, extending vaccination to boys, and incorporating a catch-up campaign for girls older than the age for routine vaccination. (bmj.com)
  • We describe the cost effectiveness model used to inform decisions about human papillomavirus vaccination in the UK. (bmj.com)
  • Our model considers the impact of vaccination on squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, cervical cancers due to high risk human papillomavirus types not in the vaccine, non-cervical cancers, and anogenital warts. (bmj.com)
  • We used a transmission dynamic model to predict the burden of human papillomavirus related disease for the number of cervical screens, treatments for precancerous abnormalities of the cervix, and cases of diagnosed cancer and anogenital warts expected before and after vaccination. (bmj.com)
  • The current HPV vaccine recommendations apply to 9 years old and above through the age of 26 years and adults aged 27-45 years who might be at risk of new HPV infection and benefit from vaccination. (mdpi.com)
  • The same cost effectiveness model was later used to inform the adjudication process between the two vaccines, which led to a decision to use the bivalent vaccine in the UK immunisation programme. (bmj.com)
  • however, unlike other papillomaviruses, they cause proliferation of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, causing benign fibropapillomas involving both the epithelium and the underlying dermis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), they have been recognized as a major public health problem for many years. (who.int)
  • Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection is the leading cause of genital ulcer disease in developing countries. (who.int)
  • Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection plays an important role in the transmission of HIV. (who.int)
  • A vaccine to prevent hepatitis B virus infection, and thereby reduce the incidence of liver cancer, exists. (who.int)
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection must be present for cervical cancer to occur. (medscape.com)
  • Evidence suggests that HPV vaccines prevent HPV infection. (medscape.com)
  • Human papillomaviruses are responsible for nearly 3000 cases of cervical cancer 1 and more than 100 000 diagnosed cases of anogenital warts 2 in the United Kingdom every year, despite a decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer as a result of regular cytological screening. (bmj.com)
  • they are found in 99% of cervical cancers, with types 16 and 18 being found in 70% of them. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 are associated with 70% of cervical cancers, 3 whereas 90% of anogenital warts are linked to human papillomavirus types 6 and 11. (bmj.com)
  • 7 8 Both vaccines have the potential to bring a decrease in the incidence of human papillomavirus related disease and are being considered for routine immunisation in many countries. (bmj.com)
  • In the UK the Department of Health has announced a routine human papillomavirus immunisation programme for schoolgirls aged 12 or 13, starting from September 2008, with a two year catch-up programme for girls up to 18. (bmj.com)
  • Millions of viral sexually transmitted infections also occur annually, attributable mainly to HIV, human herpesviruses, human papillomaviruses and hepatitis B virus. (who.int)
  • Of those that affect genital tissues, the low-risk types have been associated with the formation of genital warts. (medscape.com)
  • Human papillomavirus can be classified according to the ability of oncogenesis in low-risk genotypes, associated primarily with genital warts and high-risk, associated with premalignant and malignant lesions. (malaimare.ro)
  • 59 163) per QALY gained, if the average duration of protection from the vaccine is more than 10 years. (bmj.com)
  • BPVs have been used as a model for studying papillomavirus molecular biology and for dissecting the mechanisms by which this group of viruses cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been available since 2003 as an adjunct to (or possible replacment for) Pap testing, as it is significantly more sensitive for detecting preinvasive lesion. (medscape.com)
  • 6 7 In addition, the results from clinical trials suggest that both vaccines may offer partial protection against oncogenic human papillomavirus types not in the vaccine. (bmj.com)
  • The mucosotrophic types can be further subdivided into low-risk and high-risk types. (medscape.com)
  • Similar papillomaviruses of ungulates (e.g. deer papillomavirus, European elk papillomavirus, ovine papillomavirus 1,2) are also found in this group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, the way a healthcare provider presents and recommends a vaccine can be decisive in the choice wart virus how long a person to immunize or not. (malaimare.ro)
  • A study in Mwanza (United Republic of Tanzania), showed that 74% of HIV infections in men and 22% in women could be attributable to the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2. (who.int)
  • 6. Capsid display of a conserved human papillomavirus L2 peptide in the adenovirus 5 hexon protein: a candidate prophylactic hpv vaccine approach. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Human papillomavirus 16 L1-E7 chimeric virus like particles show prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in murine model of cervical cancer. (nih.gov)
  • The recognition of the pivotal role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the aetiology of cervical cancer led to the development of prophylactic vaccines. (bpac.org.nz)
  • 17. Comparison of the immune responses to the CIA06-adjuvanted human papillomavirus L1 VLP vaccine with those against the licensed HPV vaccine Cervarix™ in mice. (nih.gov)
  • Cervarix TM is a bivalent vaccine (two antigens) with a novel adjuvant, which may enhance the immune reponse. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are a paraphyletic group of DNA viruses of the subfamily Firstpapillomavirinae of Papillomaviridae that are common in cattle. (wikipedia.org)
  • BPVs have been used as a model for studying papillomavirus molecular biology and for dissecting the mechanisms by which this group of viruses cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other papillomaviruses, BPVs are small non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral capsid around 50-60 nm in diameter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Papillomaviruses are a large family of DNA viruses that cause epithelial proliferations or warts. (bpac.org.nz)
  • There are currently two vaccines available, both with similar technology targeting HPV 16 and 18 viruses. (bpac.org.nz)
  • 14. Minor Capsid Protein L2 Polytope Induces Broad Protection against Oncogenic and Mucosal Human Papillomaviruses. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses following oral immunization of mice with Lactococcus lactis expressing human papillomavirus type 16 L1. (nih.gov)
  • There are over 100 types of HPV and around 30-40 of these are known to infect the genital tract - of these around 15 are known to be oncogenic. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Of those that affect genital tissues, the low-risk types have been associated with the formation of genital warts. (medscape.com)
  • The genetic organisation of those BPVs which have been sequenced is broadly similar to other papillomaviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similar papillomaviruses of ungulates (e.g. deer papillomavirus, European elk papillomavirus, ovine papillomavirus 1,2) are also found in this group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical trials show that both vaccines are effective and have excellent safety profiles. (bpac.org.nz)