• The major components of the ECM are interstitial collagens (types I and III), membrane collagen (type IV), and non-collagenous glycoproteins, such as laminin and fibronectin. (vin.com)
  • MECs synthesize key extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins of the meninges such as various collagens, as well as fibronectin, laminin and tenascin, important for pia basal lamina integrity and thus for neuronal support and function [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extracellular matrix proteins Collagens IVI Fibronectin Laminin Tenascin Vitronectin (S-protein) 8. (forextipsnow.com)
  • The isolation and purification of collagens, procollagens, and related connective tissue proteins are described for several tissues, tissue culture cells and species. (edu.au)
  • The expression of transforming growth factor‑β/Smad pathway proteins, α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), collagen I and collagen III was observed in fibrotic livers using western blot analysis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HF is characterized by the overabundant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, composed mainly of type I and type III collagen proteins. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The health and appearance of our skin, hair and nails depends on the health of several structural proteins they share, namely collagen, keratin and elastin. (lifeextension.com)
  • The appearance and integrity of our skin, hair, and nails are dependent upon a framework of structural proteins, especially keratin, collagen, and elastin. (lifeextension.com)
  • Previously, skin formulations were based on ascorbic acid, tocopherol, niacinamide, retinyl palmitate, anti-aging peptides, and proteins as topical solutions that reduce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) [3]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Hence, the commentary highlights the significance of dermal-epidermal junction proteins, specifically collagen IV, a target of a newly developed complex DL-linefade. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • These zones are mainly composed of collagen IV, plectin, laminin (proteins of BM), and nidogen in the upper regions, collagen IV, VI, anchoring fibrils, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (proteins of LD) [8]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Although these products help treat skin issues, niacinamide usually targets the collagen I and III proteins of the inner dermal layer of the skin that causes skin aging [9]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • [2] Nutritionally, collagen and gelatin are poor quality protein since they do not contain all the essential amino acids that the human body requires - they are not complete proteins . (wikidoc.org)
  • Contrary to reef building corals, the red coral organic matrix possesses a large number of collagen-like proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The type IIcytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratinchains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • The results showed that YQRG effectively alleviated CCl 4 -induced liver injury and fibrosis in rats, including observations of improved liver function, decreased activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, it is conceivable that increased collagen deposition leads to reduced oxygen levels in the surrounding tissue and consequently up regulates HIF-1α. (vin.com)
  • Deposition of collagen and proliferation of smooth muscle cells are the response to chronic inflammation and injury of the submucosa leading to fibrosis and thickening of the submucosa and the smooth muscle layers of the bowel wall. (bmj.com)
  • Taken with the present results, this suggests that the potential use of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to control excessive collagen deposition in pathological fibrosis may be limited by the need to maintain continuous inhibition of collagen hydroxylation so as to facilitate intracellular degradation of the accumulated protein. (embl.de)
  • Interestingly, bundles of aligned and uniformly spaced collagen fibrils were more prevalent in keratocytes in Y-27632-treated corneas, which is reminiscent of fibripositor-like structures that have been proposed as a mechanism of matrix deposition in embryonic connective tissues. (molvis.org)
  • Y-27632 inhibits keratocyte-to-myofibroblast transition, and its topical application after a superficial lamellar keratectomy elicits an altered wound healing response, with evidence of an embryonic-type deposition of collagen fibrils. (molvis.org)
  • Laminin a Glycoprotein from basement membranes 10. (edu.au)
  • Collagen receptors include discoidin domain receptors, INTEGRINS, and glycoprotein VI. (lookformedical.com)
  • Through interactions with specific cellular receptors such as integrins, the basement membrane collagen IV networks not only provide structural support to the cells and tissues, but they also affect the biological rate during and after the development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunostaining against collagen I and III on normal liver tissues showed normal staining of the collagens in portal tracts, around the hepatic veins, as well as in the parasinoidal space (particularly centrolobular). (vin.com)
  • A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in many tissues containing COLLAGEN TYPE I. It is particularly abundant in BLOOD VESSELS and may play a role in tissues with elastic characteristics. (lookformedical.com)
  • A fibrillar collagen found widely distributed as a minor component in tissues that contain COLLAGEN TYPE I and COLLAGEN TYPE III. (lookformedical.com)
  • [3] [4] Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos , and armadillos ' osteoderm . (wikipedia.org)
  • Elastic fibers are composed of elastin molecules and can be found together with collagen fibers in tissues that require elasticity in addition to tensile strength, e.g., the lung . (amboss.com)
  • On the other hand, octocorallians, with very few exceptions, are all calcifiers in the sense that they produce sclerites, i.e. micrometric calcified skeletal elements found throughout the tissues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A family of structurally related collagens that form the characteristic collagen fibril bundles seen in CONNECTIVE TISSUE. (lookformedical.com)
  • This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (lookformedical.com)
  • A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. (lookformedical.com)
  • Connective tissue is the most abundant type of tissue in the body. (amboss.com)
  • There are many different types of connective tissue, with loose and dense connective tissue being the most common. (amboss.com)
  • Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals , [1] making up about 25% of the total protein content. (wikidoc.org)
  • Collagen IV (ColIV or Col4) is a type of collagen found primarily in the basal lamina. (wikipedia.org)
  • These two features cause the collagen to form in a sheet, the form of the basal lamina. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, in the submucosa, laminin was exclusively found in the basal lamina of blood vessels where many adherent mast cells were seen. (bmj.com)
  • The alpha-3 subunit (COL4A3) of collagen IV is thought to be the antigen implicated in Goodpasture syndrome, wherein the immune system attacks the basement membranes of the glomeruli and the alveoli upon the antigenic site on the alpha-3 subunit becomes unsequestered due to environmental exposures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The predominant form of the protein is comprised of two alpha1(IV) subunits and one alpha2(IV) subunit, however, at least six different alpha subunits can be incorporated into the heterotrimer. (lookformedical.com)
  • A full-length cDNA (Ov-phy-1) encoding a catalytically active alpha-subunit of Onchocerca volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase was isolated and characterized. (embl.de)
  • This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
  • laminin subunit gamma 3. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Lastly, the type IV collagen molecules bind together to form a complex protein network. (wikipedia.org)
  • Collagen type IV molecules assemble to form a sheet-like network which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of basement membranes. (lookformedical.com)
  • The cuticle of parasitic nematodes consists primarily of a network of collagen molecules. (embl.de)
  • Collagen molecules are the basis of collagen fibers and reticular fibers . (amboss.com)
  • Two groups of patients had to finished the SGRQ before and after treatment, And use the method of immunofluorescence to check out the content of procollagen type III(PCIII), collagen type IV(IV-C), hyaluronic acid(HA) and laminin(LN) in serum in the two groups of patients before and after treatment. (ijsciences.com)
  • Organ coefficients, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hexadecenoic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen type III (PCIII), hydroxyproline (Hyp), glutathione (GSH‑Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) levels were measured in rats with hepatic fibrosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Ratas con fibrosis hepática inducida por tioacetamida fueron agrupadas en: grupo I control que no recibió tioacetamida ni células madre, grupo II recibió tioacetamida y suero fisiológico i.v., grupo III recibió tioacetamida y células madre adiposas 1 x 106/kg i.v. vía vena de la cola. (bvsalud.org)
  • En conclusión la infusión intravenosa de CMAd-h en ratas disminuye el daño funcional y estructural de la fibrosis hepática con escasa persistencia de CMAd-h en el parénquima hepático. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rats with thioacetamide- induced liver fibrosis were grouped into: group I control that did not receive thioacetamide and h-ASC, group II received thioacetamide and saline i.v., group III received thioacetamide and h-ASC 1 x 106/ kg i.v. via tail vein. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of YQRG on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its molecular mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used low-, medium-, and high-dose YQRG to treat CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis in rats, followed by assessment of liver injury and fibrosis according to liver appearance, body weight, liver mass index, histopathologic examination, and serum testing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings showed that YQRG improved CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis through multiple mechanisms and pathways, offering critical insight into the YQRG-related therapeutic mechanism and promoting further research into its potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatic fibrosis is an abnormal wound-healing process in which hepatic parenchymal cells (HPCs) transform into fibrous tissue of ECM [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], which is detrimental to human health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In CCl4-induced rodent models of liver fibrosis, TGF-β1 and procollagen mRNAs were increased, including procollagen I, III, and IV. (vin.com)
  • Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is recognized as one of the most prevalent types of liver disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • however, the two primary causes of liver fibrosis have been identified as infections caused by the hepatitis virus and alcoholism ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The colocalisation with laminin indicates a mechanism of interaction between smooth muscle cells and mast cells that may be important in the role of mast cells in the process of fibrosis. (bmj.com)
  • In vitro direct effects of PTHrP-2 were determined by proliferation, migration, Vascular Endothelial Grown Factor and collagen I secretion of cells and Akt/ Erk1/2 pathway change. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, we revealed that addition of type IV collagen protein induced myofibroblast proliferation and migration in monolayer culture and increased the formation of mesenchymal-epithelial septal-like structures in co-culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to its role in the formation of epithelium and vasculature, type IV collagen appears to be key for alveolar myofibroblast development by inducing their proliferation, differentiation and migration throughout the developing septum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New discoveries keep unraveling information about genetic mutations, biosynthesis, molecular assembly, and network formation of type IV collagen, and this increases the understanding of the critical role of this collagen in health and disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • It enhances the performance of niacinamide-based skin formulations by acting synergistically and inducing collagen IV biosynthesis. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • The enzyme responsible for collagen maturation is prolyl 4-hydroxylase, making this enzyme a central activity in cuticle biosynthesis and a potentially important chemotherapeutic target. (embl.de)
  • Adult and embryonic Brugia malayi are shown to be susceptible to inhibitors of vertebrate prolyl 4-hydroxylase, with exposed parasites exhibiting pathologies consistent with a disruption in cuticle biosynthesis. (embl.de)
  • The collagen IV C4 domain at the C-terminus is not removed in post-translational processing, and the fibers link head-to-head, rather than in parallel. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Parallel direction of fibers in Type I Depending on genetic and nongenetic factors including alterations in gene expression, splice variations, post-translational modifications, and the chain-specific assembly of particular α-chains, different organs can be affected during their development and in the adult life span. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nematodes and many other non-chordate animals seem to have only type VI intermediate filaments , fibers that structure the nucleus . (wikipedia.org)
  • Preparation of Type 1 and Type 3 Collagen, their PN Collagens and Aminoterminal Extension Peptides 4. (edu.au)
  • BMP-1/Tld is identical to pro-collagen C-proteinase, an enzyme that removes the C- terminal pro-peptide of procollagen types 1, 2 and 3, the N-terminal pro-peptide of procollagen type 11 and both the N- and C-terminal pro-peptides of procollagen type 5. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Supplementation with specialized collagen peptides is one way to help support the collagen protein network that gives skin its supple, youthful appearance. (lifeextension.com)
  • Fortunately, lifestyle changes and targeted nutritional interventions-particularly collagen peptides, solubilized keratin, and Polypodium leucotomos extract-can support skin, hair and nails from the inside out. (lifeextension.com)
  • Preclinical and clinical evidence has demonstrated that oral intake of collagen peptides reduces wrinkles and improves skin moisture, elasticity, and may help protect against photoaging. (lifeextension.com)
  • Alpha-keratin (α-keratin) is a type of keratin found in vertebrates . (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] The baleen plates of filter-feeding whales are also made of keratin. (wikipedia.org)
  • It also activates lysyl-oxidase (lox), an enzyme that plays an essential role in collagen maturation. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In this thesis I identify and describe the expression for Xenopus homologues of procollagen 3al, 5al, 5a2 and Hal, biglycan and a laminin ct-chain like gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
  • Security and Tolerability of three CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Apply: A Retrospective Cohort Examine Goal: We sought to evaluate the protection and tolerability of three calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies in sufferers with power migraine who have failed a number of lessons of migraine preventive therapies. (tuberculosistest.net)
  • 8 h following single oral doses of the compounds was associated with significant losses of radiolabelled proline and 4-hydroxyproline from collagen during this period. (embl.de)
  • Indeed, the two major fibrotic diseases, LDH and CIRR, clearly showed an induction of HIF-1α mRNA levels of 3- and 7-fold, respectively. (vin.com)
  • Cell density regulates prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity independent of mRNA levels. (embl.de)
  • This lack of increase contrasts with previous reports as does the mRNA length: this is 50% larger as confirmed by sequencing the 3' end. (embl.de)
  • d - i Type IV collagen protein and mRNA expression in the lung. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This type IIcytokeratin is specifically expressed in the simple epithelia ining the cavities of the internalorgans and in the gland ducts and blood vessels. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains. (lookformedical.com)
  • 3 Moreover, perfusion of human anterior eye segments with TGF-β2 in concentrations comparable to those measured in the AH of patients with POAG resulted in an increase of IOP and an increase of ECM in the outflow tissue. (arvojournals.org)
  • To overcome the lack of suitable in vitro models that faithfully recapitulate the intricate three-dimensional architecture, complex cellular interactions, and fluid dynamics within the SAS, we have developed a perfusion bioreactor-based 3D in vitro model using primary human meningothelial cells (MECs) to generate meningeal tissue constructs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Primary human meningothelial cells (phMECs) were seeded and cultured on collagen scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor to generate engineered meningeal tissue constructs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • porcine (pig) tissue is also widely used for producing collagen sheet for a variety of surgical purposes. (wikidoc.org)
  • Y-27632 eye drops (or vehicle only) were administered to eyes after a superficial keratectomy, and the tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, collagen types I, II, and III, and keratan sulfate. (molvis.org)
  • To summarize, the process of collagen synthesis occurs mainly in the cells of fibroblasts which are specialized cells with the main function of synthesizing collagen. (wikipedia.org)
  • showed that Linefade could significantly induce collagen IV in cell culture models of Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFs) and epidermal skin explants [8]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Examples of a novel series of phenanthrolinones are shown to be potent competitive inhibitors of avian prolyl 4-hydroxylase, and of collagen hydroxylation, in embryonic chick tendon cells and human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro and in the oestradiol-stimulated rat uterus in vivo. (embl.de)
  • To begin, this type of collagen is synthesized by the assembly of a specific trimer, when the three NC1 domains initiate molecular interactions between the three α-chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The six α-chains of collagen IV can recognize each other with incredible specificity and will assemble into unique heterotrimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • It consists of three identical alpha1(II) chains. (lookformedical.com)
  • In addition, BMP-1 has been implicated in the proteolytic activation of biglycan, endorepellin, myostatin, osteoglycin and the a-3 and y-2 chains of Laminin-5. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • Currently, green cosmetic awareness has led to plant-based skin care products that include anti-aging properties and pharmacological actions such as anti-allergy, pro-collagen, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic, UV-protective [4]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Immunization Procedures, Isolation by Affinity Chromatography and Serological and Immunochemical Characterization of Collagen Specific Antibodies 12. (edu.au)
  • Alkaline phosphatase-staining MCT cells also express epithelial growth factor receptors with a Kd of 0.87 nM and an epithelial growth factor receptor constant (Ro) of 2.1 X 10(4) receptors/cell. (rupress.org)
  • MCT culture supernatants contain greater amounts of laminin, and types IV and V procollagens compared to types I and III procollagens, and growing MCT cells on type I collagen matrix causes them to preferentially secrete even more type IV and V procollagen. (rupress.org)
  • All mast cells in the muscularis propria were colocalised with patches of laminin. (bmj.com)
  • A defined synthetic mixture of amino acids, salts, carbohydrates, vitamins and serum was shown to support cells in vitro[ 3 ], thus unifying a major variable in cell culturing experiments and providing a possibility for rapid development of this novel method. (intechopen.com)
  • Earlier reports indicated that underhydroxylated collagen, accumulating within the endoplasmic reticulum in cells where prolyl 4-hydroxylase is inactivated, is slowly degraded, but is then rapidly hydroxylated and secreted when the activity of prolyl 4-hydroxylase is restored. (embl.de)
  • In a healthy pancreas, PSCs make up 4-7% (5) of the total parenchyma and are located around the basolateral aspects of the acinar cells ( Figure 1A ). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Thecarboxy-terminalpropeptide of type I procollagen in serum as a marker of bone formation: the effect of nandrolone decanoate and female sex hormones. (forextipsnow.com)
  • subunits up to 3-fold, compared to control IMR-90 in serum-free medium. (eurekamag.com)
  • Characterization and expression of enzymatically active recombinant filarial prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
  • Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that YQRG treatment downregulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathways and upregulated other signalling pathways, including those related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR) and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), with these findings subsequently verified experimentally. (biomedcentral.com)
  • most medical collagen is derived from young beef cattle (bovine) from certified BSE (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy) free animals. (wikidoc.org)
  • Collagen has been widely used in cosmetic surgery, as a healing aid for burn patients for reconstruction of bone and a wide variety of dental, orthopedic and surgical purposes. (wikidoc.org)
  • They are found in many cell types and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of cell shape and behavior, including PLATELET ACTIVATION and aggregation, through many different signaling pathways and differences in their affinities for collagen isoforms. (lookformedical.com)
  • Collagen IV is a known significant anchoring protein found in the lamina densa region of the DEJ that provides a framework to the interconnecting network of dermis-epidermis. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Keratins (also described as cytokeratins ) are polymers of type I and type II intermediate filaments that have been found only in chordates ( vertebrates , amphioxus , urochordates ). (wikipedia.org)
  • RESULTS: Seventy-four plant species belonging to 44 families used in Brazil to treat sexual dysfunction were compiled from ethnopharmacological literature. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Octocorallia, 3 species are represented: the red coral Corallium rubrum (order Alcyonacea), which is the model of the present study (red frame), and 2 other species, the soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (order Alcyonacea) and the blue coral Heliopora coerulea (order Helioporacea). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Hexacorallia, 4 species are represented: 2 stony corals (order Scleractinia) and 2 sea anemones (order Actinaria). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4 ] in 1951 cell culturing has become one of the most widely used methods with exceptional contribution to the advances in almost all fields of contemporary biology - cell biology, genetics, cell biochemistry, physiology etc. (intechopen.com)
  • Collagens are widely employed in the construction of artificial skin substitutes used in the management of severe burns , as well as for a wide range of dental, orthopedic, and surgical purposes. (wikidoc.org)
  • A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens. (lookformedical.com)
  • In summary, increased levels of TGF-β1 signaling may very well explain the activation of Smad-2 and subsequently the formation of collagens. (vin.com)
  • Get adequate sleep, as lack of sleep may negatively impact collagen formation and skin integrity. (lifeextension.com)