• BAFF is the natural ligand of three nonconventional tumor necrosis factor receptors named BAFF-R (BR3), TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), all of which have differing binding affinities for it. (wikipedia.org)
  • All these ligands act as homotrimers (i.e. three of the same molecule) interacting with homotrimeric receptors, although BAFF has been known to be active as either a hetero- or homotrimer (can aggregate into 60-mer depending on the primary structure of the protein). (wikipedia.org)
  • The human IL-17 RB protein sequence is only 19.2% identical to the human IL-17 R sequence, but the two receptors share many conserved cysteine residues within their extracellular domains as well as additional conserved elements within their cytoplasmic domains. (rndsystems.com)
  • Three additional type I transmembrane receptors with homology to IL-17 R have been reported, increasing the number of the IL-17 R family members to five (5, 6). (rndsystems.com)
  • [4] BAFF is the natural ligand of three unusual tumor necrosis factor receptors named BAFF-R (BR3), TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), all of which have differing binding affinities for it. (wikidoc.org)
  • Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin family of receptors, plays an integral role in signal transduction, and T cell differentiation and activation. (peprotech.com)
  • The family of junctional adhesion molecules (JAM), comprised of at least three members, are type I transmembrane receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily (1, 2). (bio-techne.com)
  • The galectin lattice (i) regulates flow of receptors and solute transporters to coated-pit endocytosis and/or caveolin domains, and (ii) promotes turnover of cell-cell contacts such as immune synapses and focal adhesion complexes. (gr.jp)
  • Several members of the chemokine-receptor family serve, in conjunction with CD4, as receptors for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) into cells. (nih.gov)
  • Here we use an expression-cloning strategy to identify SIV receptors and have isolated genes encoding two members of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor family that are used not only by SIVs, but also by strains of HIV-2 and M-tropic HIV-1. (nih.gov)
  • Apical endosomal glycoprotein from rat, a protein probably involved in the sorting and selective transport of receptors and ligands across polarized epithelia. (embl.de)
  • Macrophage scavenger receptors are integral membrane proteins whose ability to bind and degrade modified LDL has implicated them in the process of atherosclerotic foam cell formation. (embl.de)
  • While the RBD of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is located at the NTD, most CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV use the C-domain to bind their receptors. (nih.gov)
  • These receptors bind various cargo proteins via their luminal Vps10p domains and have been shown to mediate a variety of intracellular sorting and trafficking functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data indicate that the α- and γ-secretase cleavages of the mammalian Vps10p sorting receptors occur in a fashion analogous to other known γ-secretase substrates, and could possibly regulate the biological functions of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This enzyme is a type II transmembrane protein and shares common sequence motifs with other family members. (nih.gov)
  • Mouse Flt-3 has also been cloned and shown to share 85% amino acid sequence identity with human Flt-3. (rndsystems.com)
  • N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified DPP IV revealed that the N-terminus is not processed. (nature.com)
  • A BLAST search restricted to mammalian protein sequences was performed through the NCBI Web page ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST ) by using the Nipah virus matrix protein sequence as the query. (cdc.gov)
  • One sequence, accession number AAK76747, with homology to the Nipah virus matrix protein, was identified. (cdc.gov)
  • The Angrem52 protein sequence is derived from a theoretical translation of an open reading frame (ORF) from nucleotides (nt) 16 to 1038 within the 3170-nt long Angrem52 nucleotide sequence (GenBank accession no. (cdc.gov)
  • Modification of the reported Angrem52 sequence in several positions yields what appears to be a full-length or near full-length paramymyxovirus fusion (F) protein gene, which would be separated from the M ORF by 355 nt ( Figure 1A ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although the cleavage site adjacent to the fusion peptide is typically a basic amino acid, the reported Angrem52 cDNA sequence has an acidic glutamic acid at this position ( Figure 1B ). (cdc.gov)
  • He discovered that what makes this protein "amyloid" is not the linear sequence of the amino acids that compose it, but rather its secondary structure-the way it is organized in space. (mcgill.ca)
  • In higher plants and microalgae, there are four major groups of DGATs: (1) the membrane bound form of DGAT1, (2) the membrane bound form of DGAT2 sharing low sequence similarity with DGAT1, (3) the soluble type of DGAT3, which is localized in the cytosol, and (4) the dual function of WS/DGAT, which possesses both wax ester and TAG biosynthesis activities [12-18]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Its cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame encoding a 431-amino acid peptide that showed a significant homology with members of the P2X family. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Each genome in the dataset was searched for ORF7a del by aligning each sequence against the Wuhan Hu-1 reference SARS-CoV-2 genome. (news-medical.net)
  • B . The consequences of ORF7a Δ17del on the amino acid translation of ORF7a, leading to a premature stop codon after amino acid 78 and a truncated peptide sequence (∼64% complete). (news-medical.net)
  • The results showed that SeCP was a type of proteolytic enzyme with a variety of biological functions, and its gene sequence was 1 053bp length with the largest ORF at 1 011bp encoding 336 amino acids. (ecolowood.com)
  • It also shares approximately 31% and 35% aa sequence homology with mouse JAM-A and JAM-B, respectively (2). (bio-techne.com)
  • The sequence contains 2 CUB domains and a MAM domain. (embl.de)
  • Molecular characterization analyses of the neuA nucleotide amino acid sequence were performed using bioinformatic tools and an online server. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The results showed that the neuA nucleotide sequence con-tained a complete coding region, which comprised 1242 bp, encoding 413 amino acids (aa). (geneticsmr.com)
  • The aa sequence was highly conserved and contained a Glyco_tranf_GTA_type superfamily and an SGNH_hydrolase superfam-ily conserved domain, which are related to sialic acid activation catalysis. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The predicted CD6 sequence is 468 amino acids long, with the typical features of a type I integral membrane protein. (embl.de)
  • All identified γ-secretase substrates are type I transmembrane proteins [ 29 ] and contain a putative stop transfer sequence immediately following the transmembrane region [ 30 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alignment of γ-secretase substrate transmembrane domains provides little insight into the sequence requirements for proteolysis to occur (Figure 1a ) [ 33 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While we were doing this article for two years, some of these genes were gradually added to the reference sequence of the genome, which confirmed the validity of our approach. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • BAFF is a 285-amino acid long peptide glycoprotein which undergoes glycosylation at residue 124. (wikipedia.org)
  • PeproTech's CHO cell-derived Recombinant Human sCD8α is a monomeric glycoprotein of 161 amino acid residues, which corresponds to the extracellular domain of CD8α. (peprotech.com)
  • Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) is a 55 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the JAM family of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules. (reliatech.de)
  • The lymphocyte glycoprotein CD6 contains a repeated domain structure characteristic of a new family of cell surface and secreted proteins. (embl.de)
  • This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from betacoronaviruses in the nobecovirus subgenus (D lineage), including Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 (Ro-BatCoV HKU9). (nih.gov)
  • The CoV S protein is an envelope glycoprotein that plays a very important role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells, and serves as a major target for the development of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors of viral entry, and vaccines. (nih.gov)
  • The enzyme encoded by this gene controls the initiation step of mucin-type O-linked protein glycosylation and transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine to serine and threonine amino acid residues. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, a minor splice variant lacking a part of exon 1 that would encode residues corresponding to transmembrane domain M1 was relatively more abundant in two of seven sarcoma cell lines, one of which was derived from a rhabdomyosarcoma, and the other was derived from an osteosarcoma. (aacrjournals.org)
  • γ-secretase processing produces several Aβ peptides with heterogeneous C termini ranging from 38 to 43 residues in length. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cysteine protease (CP) is usually a type of protein hydrolase that has cysteine residues in the active center of the enzyme and plays a principal role in the development and survival of parasites. (ecolowood.com)
  • The cytoplasmic domain of CD6 contains two serine residues, one or both of which are substrates for phosphorylation during T cell activation. (embl.de)
  • Supporting Information: LC-MS characterization of GSH-MDI reaction products, Tables of peptides matched to albumin or modified albumin, and MS/MS data on the GSH-MDI modified albumin peptide containing residues 411-428. (cdc.gov)
  • Human IL-17 RB cDNA encodes a 502 amino acid (aa) residue type I membrane protein with a putative 17 aa signal peptide, a 275 aa extracellular domain, a 21 aa transmembrane domain and a 189 aa cytoplasmic tail. (rndsystems.com)
  • Upon further analysis of sequences within the Angrem52 cDNA downstream of the putative matrix gene, several relatively short ORFs were found to encode peptides with homology to paramyxovirus fusion (F) proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Within this protein, a putative fusion peptide is readily identifiable based on homology to those of other paramyxoviruses ( Figure 1B ). (cdc.gov)
  • Mouse JAM-C cDNA predicts a 310 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a putative 31 aa signal peptide, a 210 aa extracellular region containing two Ig domains, an 18 aa transmembrane domain and a 51 aa cytoplasmic domain containing a PDZ-binding motif and a PKC phosphorylation site (3). (bio-techne.com)
  • Human ESAM is synthesized as a 390 amino acid (aa) protein composed of a 29 aa signal peptide, a 216 aa extracellular region, a putative 26 aa transmembrane segment, and a 119 aa cytoplasmic domain. (reliatech.de)
  • When an E5 mutant (M1) in which the first putative transmembrane helix had been disrupted was used for the transfections calnexin-E5 co-precipitation was strongly impaired. (biomedcentral.com)
  • γ-Secretase cleavage always occurs within a putative hydrophobic transmembrane region, but a variety of different sites are cleaved even in a single substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Produced by a variety of cell types, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are able to transfer lipids, nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells. (nature.com)
  • Microalgae can efficiently absorb CO 2 in the atmosphere and turn it into abundant high-value products, including polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, pigments, and biofuels [2-5]. (researchsquare.com)
  • This protein may function as a follow-up enzyme in the initiation step of O-glycosylation. (nih.gov)
  • Human Flt-3 cDNA encodes a 993 amino acid (aa) residue type I membrane protein with a 26 aa residue signal peptide, a 515 aa extracellular domain with 10 potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a 21 aa residue transmembrane domain and a 431 aa residue cytoplasmic domain. (rndsystems.com)
  • The NeuA protein possessed many important sites related to post-trans-lational modification, including 28 potential phosphorylation sites and 2 potential N-glycosylation sites, had no signal peptides or transmembrane regions, and was predicted to reside in the cytoplasm. (geneticsmr.com)
  • ORF7a antagonizes this function by binding of the extracellular domain of BST-2 preventing its glycosylation. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • We now know that A-beta peptide, also commonly known as beta-amyloid , comes from the cleavage of another, larger protein called amyloid protein precursor(APP). (mcgill.ca)
  • Cleavage of APP by two proteases, the β- and γ-secretases, is required to liberate Aβ from APP ( Tanzi and Bertram, 2005 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Ro-BatCoV HKU9. (nih.gov)
  • The region modeled in this cd (SD-1 and SD-2, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit) plays an essential role in viral entry by initiating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. (nih.gov)
  • We have investigated and provide evidence for γ-secretase cleavage of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following ectodomain shedding, γ-secretase cleavage liberates both the cytoplasmic fragment and a small secreted peptide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bioinformatic and comparative genomic analyses allowed us to identify genes encoding three candidate antibacterial effectors located within SPI-6 and two candidate effectors located within SPI-19. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of note, the genes encoding these effectors and immunity proteins are widely distributed in Salmonella genomes, suggesting a relevant role in interbacterial competition and virulence. (frontiersin.org)
  • These genes' expression in human kidney mesangial cells was reportedly upregulated by treatment with angiotensin II ( 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, these genes appear to encode viral proteins with striking homology to those of paramyxoviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • These results (1) update the gene models of HpDGAT2s , (2) prove the TAG biosynthesis capacity of HpDGAT2s, (3) show the strong preference for MUFAs and PUFAs, and (4) offer target genes to modulate TAG biosynthesis by using genetic engineering methods. (researchsquare.com)
  • Familial AD (FAD) cases are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the genes for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PS1 and PS2) ( Sisodia and St George-Hyslop, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • As a result, we identified a large number of genes encoding N. lugens pattern recognition proteins, modulation proteins in the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activating cascade, immune effectors, and the signal transduction molecules involved in the immune pathways, including the Toll, Immune deficiency (Imd) and Janus kinase signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An expanding number of degenerative disorders are associated with mutations in the genes encoding MFN2 and OPA1, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A and autosomal dominant optic atrophy. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • For the most part, in this way we identified a series of protein-non-coding genes, but also some protein-coding ones. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Then the synthetic peptide vaccine application of peptides was reviewed. (intechopen.com)
  • This antibody was raised by immunising rats with 14-residue synthetic peptide mpp3851, which corresponds to amino acids 38-51 (GDGMVPPGIEDKIT) of the platelet-aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domain of mouse podoplanin. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • All the venomous species have a venom gland that synthesizes, stores and secretes a complex mixture of biological molecules including proteins. (nature.com)
  • It was not until 1984 that American research pathologist George Glenner and his team characterized the structure of the protein molecules that agglutinate to form amyloid plaques. (mcgill.ca)
  • whereas its counterpart, CD4, acts as a co-receptor for MHC-II molecules. (peprotech.com)
  • These APCs capture and process Ags and then present the processed antigenic peptides upon MHC molecules to the T cells. (aai.org)
  • The human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein (HPV16 E5) down-regulates surface expression of HLA-I molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using cellular systems it has been shown that HPV16 E5 expression results in down-regulation of cell surface expression of HLA-I and HLA-II molecules [ 19 - 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The extracellular domain of CD6 is significantly related to the extracellular domain of the human and mouse T cell antigen CD5, the cysteine-rich domain of the bovine and mouse type I macrophage scavenger receptor, the extracellular domain of the sea urchin spermatozoa protein that crosslinks the egg peptide speract, the mammalian complement factor 1, and the human lung tumor antigen L3. (embl.de)
  • This basic two-step process has been confirmed in most mammalian cells, although its regulation and the repertoire of specific accessory proteins are likely to be highly context dependent. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • The mammalian Vps10p sorting receptor family is a group of 5 type I membrane homologs (Sortilin, SorLA, and SorCS1-3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • B-cell activating factor (BAFF) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B and CD257 among other names, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apelin regulates various cell signaling processes through interaction with its specific cell-surface receptor, APJ, which is a member of a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. (nih.gov)
  • Ligation of MHC-I/peptide complexes presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), triggers the recruitment of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), which leads to lymphokine production, motility and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. (peprotech.com)
  • Another predicted function of ORF7a is the inhibition of the bone marrow matrix antigen 2 (BST-2) that might restrict virus release by physically tethering the budding enveloped virion to the plasma membrane. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • The S2 subunit comprises the fusion peptide (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2'), followed by an internal fusion peptide (IFP) and two heptad-repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) preceding the transmembrane domain (TM). (nih.gov)
  • After analysis of deduced amino acid sequences from cloned cDNAs of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and aminopeptidase A (APA), it was noticed that DPP IV and APA are type II membrane proteins that have one transmembrane domain near the N-terminus. (nature.com)
  • Each predicted domain is represented by a colored rectangle with corresponding amino acid numbers shown below. (jneurosci.org)
  • D 92 TG and D 298 SG are the active site aspartic acid motifs and together they compose the catalytic domain of BACE1. (jneurosci.org)
  • SeCP contained a signal peptide, a complete cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain name, and a peptidase_C1A conserved domain name located outside the membrane. (ecolowood.com)
  • No transmembrane domain name was predicted. (ecolowood.com)
  • The extracellular region contains one V type and one C2 type Ig domain and is involved in homophilic adhesion. (reliatech.de)
  • In the cytoplasmic domain, there is a docking site for the multifunctional adaptor protein MAGI. (reliatech.de)
  • The MAM domain consists of approximately 170 amino acids. (embl.de)
  • The domain has been shown to play a role in homodimerization of protein-tyrosine phosphatase mu [ ( PUBMED:7782276 ) ] and appears to help determine the specificity of these interactions. (embl.de)
  • Proteins containing this domain are listed below. (embl.de)
  • These PTPases have an extracellular region which consists of a MAM domain followed by an Ig-like domain and four fibronectin-type III domains. (embl.de)
  • It consists at least of a catalytic light chain and a multidomain heavy chain which has 2 LDL receptor class A domains, a MAM domain, a SRCR domain and a CUB domain. (embl.de)
  • Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing MAM domain. (embl.de)
  • The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with MAM domain is also avaliable . (embl.de)
  • Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing MAM domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
  • This antibody is specific for amino acids 38-51 (GDGMVPPGIEDKIT) of the platelet-aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domain of mouse podoplanin (PDPN). (absoluteantibody.com)
  • This antibody binds to the PLAG domain of murine PDPN and is, therefore, able to block its interaction with C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) (Yamada, 2017). (absoluteantibody.com)
  • Has a short cytoplasmic tail and a transmembrane domain. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • It has an intracellular N-terminal domain, a transmembrane domain, and an extracellular region with a short spacer, an 89 Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat-containing collagenous domain, and a C-terminal cysteine-rich domain. (embl.de)
  • These proteins show similar domain architectures as known organelle-targeted expression regulators of the octotrico peptide repeat type in algae and plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • S1 contains two structurally independent domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-domain. (nih.gov)
  • The S1 C-domain also contains two subdomains (SD-1 and SD-2), which connect the S1 and S2 subunits. (nih.gov)
  • SorCS1, 2, and 3 contain a leucine rich domain and are ~130 kDa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For several substrates the liberated cytoplasmic domain has been shown to translocate to the nucleus where it is involved in nuclear signaling (Notch ErbB4, Delta-1 Jagged, APLP1/2). (biomedcentral.com)
  • SVEVs isolated from lyophilized venoms collected from four different species of snakes ( Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix , Crotalus atrox , Crotalus viridis and Crotalus cerberus oreganus ) were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic, which allowed the identification of proteins belonging to eight main functional protein classes such as SVMPs, serine proteinases, PLA 2 , LAAO, 5′nucleotidase, C-type lectin, CRISP and Disintegrin. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, they could modulate the intracellular signaling pathways composed of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) serine/threonine protein kinases in PTx-sensitive manner. (nih.gov)
  • This track shows protein sequences and annotations on them from the UniProt/SwissProt database, mapped to genomic coordinates. (ucsc.edu)
  • The first two subtracks below - one for SwissProt, one for TrEMBL - show the alignments of protein sequences to the genome, all other tracks below are the protein annotations mapped through these alignments to the genome. (ucsc.edu)
  • Protein sequences from SwissProt mapped to the genome. (ucsc.edu)
  • Even protein sequences without a single curated annotation (splice isoforms) are visible in this track. (ucsc.edu)
  • Visualization of a 17-nucleotide deletion in ORF7a of Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 sequences (ORF7a Δ17del ), and the corresponding consequences at the peptide level. (news-medical.net)
  • Unlike other family members, this enzyme shows exclusive specificity for partially GalNAc-glycosylated acceptor substrates and shows no activity with non-glycosylated peptides. (nih.gov)
  • ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) mediate the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to protein or nucleic acid substrates. (bvsalud.org)
  • Members of one of these groups are characterized by a single transmembrane helix, and others contain amphipathic helices. (frontiersin.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a protein deletions (del) have been reported since the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period. (news-medical.net)
  • X-ray structure of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a encoded accessory protein. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • Other stains, such as Congo red and thioflavin, also bound to this amyloid protein material. (mcgill.ca)
  • In addition, the molecular function of some of the described proteins suggests a central role for SVEVs in the cytotoxicity of the snake venom and sheds new light in the envenomation process. (nature.com)
  • The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • Single gas permeation through SAPO-34 membranes decreased with molecular size for H 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 , and n-C 4 H 10 . (mrs.org)
  • In the last part, information about cell-penetrating peptides that can be used as molecular carries is mentioned with providing classification and cellular uptake mechanism of them. (intechopen.com)
  • Two general families of chaperones are reconized: Molecular chaperones, which bind and stabilize un- folded or partly folded proteins, thereby preventing these proteins from aggregating and being degraded Chaperonins, which directly facilitate the folding of proteins Molecular chaperones consist of Tradee and its homologs: Hsp70 in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix, BiP in the en- doplasmic reticulum, and DnaK in bacteria. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • It is expressed as a membrane-bound type II transmembrane protein on various cell types including monocytes, dendritic cells and bone marrow stromal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a multiprotein device that has emerged as an important fitness and virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria through the injection of effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via a contractile mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
  • While some effector proteins specifically target bacterial or eukaryotic cells, others can target both types of cells (trans-kingdom effectors). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • Fatty acid (FA) profile assays revealed that HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E, but not HpDGAT2B, preferred monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (MUFAs) for TAG synthesis in yeast cells, and showed a preference for polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (PUFAs) based on their feeding strategy. (researchsquare.com)
  • They investigated if Delta-ORF7a Δ17del produced a detectable/functional protein, the site of ORF7a localization in infected cells and assessed ORF7aΔ 17del growth in vitro . (news-medical.net)
  • Differentiation of naïve CD8+ T cells into CTLs is strongly enhanced by IL-2, IL-12 and TGF-β1. (peprotech.com)
  • These proteins are localized in the tight junctions between endothelial cells or epithelial cells. (bio-techne.com)
  • In adult tissues, mouse JAM-C is restricted to endothelial cells, lymph endothelial cells in the kidney, lymph node and Peyer's patches where the protein can be localized to the high endothelial venules (3). (bio-techne.com)
  • 4 Monoclonalanti-Fy6 At least two monoclonal antibodies produced by im- Race and phenotype All races Fy(ab) Fy(ab) Fy(ab) Cord cells Papain- treated cells Black Fy(ab) White Fy(ab) Fy(abw) (FyxFyx) Rhnull D Anti-Fy3 Black Other Anti-Fy5 Anti-Fy6 or w ww w w nt Internztional SYSTEM Not Fy(ab) cells. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • Substituting this power series form into Eq. The high-affinity IL-4R is expressed on a wide range of cell types including T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial and endothelial cells and is upregulated by IL-4 itself. (allforexindicators.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), 4 monocytes/macrophages, and B cells have been identified as major professional APCs ( 1 , 2 ). (aai.org)
  • PDPN is expressed by a wide variety of cells, including podocytes, lymphatic endothelial cells and type I alveolar cells. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • PDPN is also upregulated on certain cancer cells, where it mediates tumour-induced platelet aggregation by binding to CLEC-2 on platelets. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • 7a is also predicted to induce apoptosis in human kidney epithelial cells by interaction with a protein called B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-X L ). Bcl-X L belongs to a group of pro-survival proteins, the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)- family, which prevent apoptosis in epithelial cells. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • Transfected COS cells synthesized a native trimeric plasma membrane protein that bound labeled bacteria and acetylated LDL, but not yeast or Ficoll. (embl.de)
  • COS cells transfected with the CD6 clone express a 90-kD protein that reacts with all available anti-CD6 monoclonal antibodies. (embl.de)
  • Insulin is prescribed for the management of diabetes mellitus to mimic the activity of endogenously produced human insulin, a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas. (drugbank.com)
  • Recently it has been shown that HPV16 E5 may co-precipitate with the heavy chain of HLA-I in cells over-expressing the E5 protein [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bestrophin-1 (BEST-1) and bestrophin-2 are highly expressed in human RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM cells and mutations in the BEST-1 gene are associated with VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY, TYPE 2. (bvsalud.org)
  • It produces 2 hormones: vasopressin, which causes blood pressure to rise and regulates the amount of water in the body's cells, and oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract during childbirth and lactation to begin. (medscape.com)
  • 2) T cell deficiencies affect the function in killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. (lu.se)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)
  • Binary mixtures of CO 2 /CH 4 , N 2 /CH 4 , and H 2 /CH 4 were separated using SAPO-34 membranes supported on porous alumina tubes. (mrs.org)
  • It contains four conserved cysteines which probably form two disulfide bridges. (embl.de)
  • Meprin is composed of two structurally related subunits (alpha and beta) that form homo- or heterotetramers by the non-covalent association of two disulfide-linked dimers. (embl.de)
  • In addition, there is limited information regarding the repertoire of effector proteins encoded within T6SS SPI-6 and T6SS SPI-19 gene clusters in S . Dublin. (frontiersin.org)
  • Each antibacterial effector gene is located upstream of a gene encoding a hypothetic immunity protein, thus conforming an effector/immunity (E/I) module. (frontiersin.org)
  • A) Gene positions of a generic paramyxovirus and predicted genome position of Angrem104 (top), the phosphoprotein (P) gene, Angrem52 (bottom), the matrix protein. (cdc.gov)
  • This protein, called Angrem52 (for ang iotensin II-induced, re nal m esangial cell gene 52), displays 53% amino acid identity and 73% amino acid similarity over 337 amino acids (aa) to the Nipah virus matrix protein (data not shown). (cdc.gov)
  • Through cloning of functional p53-binding sites (p53-tagged sites) from the human genome, we isolated a novel gene inducible by wild-type p53. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This protein also revealed a similarity to RP-2 , a gene activated in thymocytes undergoing programmed cell death. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The B7 + monocytes, which are composed of at least two distinct populations, expressed the MHC class II component gene. (aai.org)
  • Cytidine monophosphate (CMP) N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) synthetase, which is encoded by the neuA gene, can catalyze the activation of sialic acid with CMP, and plays an important role in Streptococcus agalactiae infection pathogenesis. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Furthermore, chromatophore-localized biosynthetic pathways as well as multiprotein complexes include proteins of dual genetic origin, suggesting that mechanisms evolved that coordinate gene expression levels between chromatophore and nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Apparently these chromatophore-targeted proteins evolved convergently to plastid-targeted expression regulators and are likely involved in gene expression control in the chromatophore. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study was designed to i- estimate kisspeptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in comparison with controls, ii- study the correlations between kisspeptin and PCOS-related reproductive hormones, and iii- investigate the relation between KISS1 gene polymorphisms and hormone levels in women suffering from PCOS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two mutations in the HFE gene have been described. (medscape.com)
  • It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved into an N-terminal S1 subunit (~700 amino acids) and a C-terminal S2 subunit (~600 amino acids) that mediates attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • We developed a candidate DNA vaccine called "DNA-4"consisting of 4 plasmid DNAs encoding Nef, Gag, Pol(rt), and gp140 HIV-1 proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
  • The synthesis and applications of the peptides are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the developments in biotechnology and bioengineering areas and for a number of research purposes including cancer diagnosis and treatment, antibiotic drug development, epitope mapping, production of antibodies, and vaccine design. (intechopen.com)
  • The use of synthetic peptides approved by the health authorities for vaccine, for cancer, and in drug delivery systems is increasing with these developments. (intechopen.com)
  • The aim of this book chapter is to review the recent developments in the use of peptides in the diagnosis of drug and vaccine systems and to present them to the reader with commercially available illustrations. (intechopen.com)
  • In a recent study posted to the medRxiv * preprint server, researchers in Australia determined whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta-ORF7a Δ17del [open reading frame 7a protein with 17-nucleotide (nt) frameshift-inducing deletion] variant has a fitness advantage over the Delta variant lacking the ORF7a Δ17del deletion (Delta-ORF7a intact ) and/or the SARS-CoV-2 lineage (A.2.2). (news-medical.net)
  • Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics due to mutations in proteins involved in the fusion-fission machinery represent an important pathogenic mechanism of human diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • A . Sample dates of all chosen samples relative to the index case of the Australian Delta outbreak (16 June 2021), and all variants in the sample genomes relative to the SARS-CoV-2 reference genome (created in part using snipit ( https://github.com/aineniamh/snipit ). (news-medical.net)
  • Amino acids 1-44 are identical to the SARS-CoV-2 reference genome in all samples and are not presented. (news-medical.net)
  • The genome of the novel SARS-CoV-2 codes for an ORF1a/ ORF1ab (open reading frame) polyprotein containing sixteen non-structural proteins (NSP) and four structural proteins. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • The genome also has multiple ORFs coding for accessory proteins through a frame shift. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • Examples of emerged or recently identified viruses affecting humans include HIV ( 1 ), hepatitis C virus ( 2 ), West Nile virus ( 3 ), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus ( 4 ), human coronavirus from the Netherlands (HCoV-NL)( 5 ), and Ebola virus ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Normally, there are 2 pairs of parathyroid glands in adult humans. (snmjournals.org)
  • These accessory proteins are not necessary for viral replication but might play a key role in pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • It is therefore conceivable that both accessory proteins have a similar structure and function. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • The aim of this chapter is to review some applications of synthetic peptides providing a brief knowledge about peptide synthesis. (intechopen.com)
  • In the first part, information about the peptide synthesis was given in a very simple and readable format under the title of solid-phase peptide synthesis including a brief history, solid supports, linkers, protecting groups, and analysis method sections. (intechopen.com)
  • The synthesis of the peptides may provide sufficient material to enable further studies and to determine the structure-activity relationships or may provide discovery of new analogues with improved properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that calnexin and HPV16E5 can be co-precipitated and that this association depends on the presence of a wild-type first hydrophobic region of E5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides, we demonstrate that E5 forms a ternary complex with calnexin and the heavy chain of HLA-I, which is mediated by the first hydrophobic region of the E5 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A pairwise alignment of the resulting protein with the F protein of Nipah virus shows 32% identity and 53% similarity over 509 aa (data not shown). (cdc.gov)
  • The interleukin 17 (IL-17) family of cytokines, comprising six members (IL-17, IL-17B through IL-17F), are structurally related proteins with a conserved cysteine-knot structure. (rndsystems.com)
  • METHODS: During March 2020 to May 2021, the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network identified 3106 children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in 14 states. (cdc.gov)
  • These beta-pleated sheets are also what makes this protein so compact, stable, and insoluble. (mcgill.ca)
  • Here we show by mass spectrometric analyses of enriched insoluble protein fractions that, unexpectedly, nucleus-encoded transporters are not inserted into the chromatophore inner envelope membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • The transmembrane form can be cleaved from the membrane, generating a soluble protein fragment. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Protein domains, zinc finger regions and topological domains. (ucsc.edu)
  • Agrin-like glycoproteins and proteins with sugar-binding domains are also predominant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein contains 6 MAM domains. (embl.de)
  • Xenopus laevis thyroid hormone induced protein B. This protein contains 4 MAM domains. (embl.de)
  • There are 13548 MAM domains in 5639 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl.de)
  • Species diversity in the structure of zonadhesin, a sperm-specific membrane protein containing multiple cell adhesion molecule-like domains. (embl.de)
  • The sea ucrhin egg peptide speract contains 4 repeats of SR domains that contain 6 conserved cysteines. (embl.de)
  • Tandem repeats of SRCR domains are common in the membrane bound proteins. (embl.de)
  • There are 45697 SR domains in 14875 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl.de)
  • The largest of the homologs, SorLA is 250 kDa and contains a host of receptor binding domains including 14 different low density lipoprotein receptor sites, and EGF repeat, and a fribronectin type III repeat. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interleukin-17 B Receptor (IL-17 RB), also known as IL-17Rh1, IL-17ER and EVI27, represents the second receptor of the IL-17 family of cytokines to be recognized (2-4). (rndsystems.com)
  • The nomenclature used for the JAM family proteins is confusing. (bio-techne.com)
  • Furthermore, our mass spectrometric analysis revealed an expanded family of chromatophore-targeted helical repeat proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fusion of the outer mitochondrial membrane depends on two GTPase family members: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2). (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • The precious Mediterranean red coral, Corallium rubrum , is an octocorallian species, which produces two distinct high-magnesium calcite biominerals, the axial skeleton and the sclerites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, γ-secretase cleaves C99 to release the mature Aβ peptide. (jneurosci.org)
  • MATERIAL: Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally (i.n) with the murine coronavirus 3 (MHV-3). (bvsalud.org)
  • A novel murine plasma membrane protein has been identified in subpopulations of macrophages. (embl.de)
  • In order to gain insight into the red coral biomineralization process and cnidarian biomineralization evolution, we studied the protein repertoire forming the organic matrix (OM) of its two biominerals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most promising Ags were submitted to a more in-depth biophysical investigation of their structure and conformation stability, and for their capacity to interact with neutralising antibodies (Abs) and peptides. (europa.eu)
  • Blisibimod, a fusion protein inhibitor of BAFF, is in development by Anthera Pharmaceuticals, also primarily for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. (wikipedia.org)