Type ii membrane protein glucose transporter type 4. Medical search. Frequent questions

In VSMCs, chemerin, via oxidative stress- and ChemR23-dependent mechanisms, decreased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, glucose transporter 4 translocation to the membrane, and glucose uptake. (gla.ac.uk)
Cellular growth and glucose uptake are regulated by multiple signals generated by the insulin receptor. (cnr.it)
We investigated the role of CaMKII in insulin signalling in a rat skeletal muscle cell line, demonstrating that CaMKII modulates the insulin action on DNA synthesis and the negative feedback that down regulates glucose uptake. (cnr.it)
Insulin stimulation generated partly independent signals leading to the rapid activation of Akt, Erk-1/2 and CaMKII Akt activation was followed by Glut-4 translocation to the plasma membrane and increase of glucose uptake. (cnr.it)
Then, IRS-1 was phosphorylated at S612, the IRS-1/p85PI3K complex was disrupted, Akt was no more phosphorylated and both Glut-4 translocation and glucose uptake were reduced. (cnr.it)
Inhibition of CaMKII also abrogated the down-regulation of insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, Glut-4 membrane translocation and glucose uptake. (cnr.it)
2 - after the initial stimulation of the IRS-1/Akt pathway, CaMKII mediates the down-regulation of stimulated glucose uptake. (cnr.it)
Inhibition of TERT expression or activity by using siRNA (100nM) or specific inhibitors (100nM) reduced basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake by ~50%, in all cell types, without altering insulin responsiveness. (telomerescience.com)
In contrast, TERT over-expression increased glucose uptake by 3.25-fold. (telomerescience.com)
Collectively, these findings identified a novel extra-nuclear function of TERT that regulates an insulin-insensitive pathway involved in glucose uptake in human and mouse skeletal muscle cells. (telomerescience.com)
Over-expression of wild-type CSP1 led to attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake without any change in GLUT4 content in the plasma membrane, rather it inhibits docking by blocking the association of VAMP2 with syntaxin 4. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
In contrast, knockdown of CSP1 enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
In addition, it reduced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, and led to defective TG synthesis and storage in HCs. (helsinki.fi)
insulin resistance state affecting GLUT4 translocation which is important in affecting glucose uptake. (sciencebiology.org)
Stimulation of GLUT4 Glucose Uptake by Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) via PI3K/Akt and AMPK/p38 MAPK Signaling in C2C12 Cells. (sciencebiology.org)
Mulberry Leaf Extract Stimulates Glucose Uptake and GLUT4 Translocation in Rat Adipocytes. (sciencebiology.org)
Portulaca oleracea L. Extract Enhances Glucose Uptake by Stimulating GLUT4 Translocation to the Plasma Membrane in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (sciencebiology.org)
Such NK1 Modulator web experimental setups are applied, for example, to quantify the uptake of substrates by membrane transporters or channels, when the bath buffer includes a labeled substrate, e.g., radioactively labeled substrate [28,268,269], or the proteoliposomes are prefilled using a fluorescent dye whose intensity is determined by the presence of substrate [27072] (Figure 5C). (nicotinic-receptor.com)
We also found that ADP-1 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in an adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1)-dependent pathway and stimulates glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscle cells (L-6 myotubes). (phoenixpeptide.com)
This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Dose-dependent increase in glucose uptake activity (GUA) was observed in both cell lines. (wiley.com)
Glucose transporter 4 translocation was confirmed by determining the uptake of glucose in the presence of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and PI3K inhibitors. (wiley.com)
In conclusion, AEG enhances glucose transport by modulating the proximal and distal markers involved in glucose uptake and its transformation into glycogen. (wiley.com)
The importance of interspecies differences in studying human type 2 diabetes in mice is exemplified by examining the rate-limiting step in human glucose metabolism, which is insulin-dependent glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. (independentsciencenews.org)

In C2C12 cells TERT protein was mostly localised intracellularly and stimulation of cells with insulin induced translocation to the plasma membrane. (telomerescience.com)
ADP-1-induced glucose transport coincided with ADP-1-induced biosynthesis of glucose transporter 4 and its translocation to the plasma membrane. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Cell Metabolism, 5(4), 237252. (sciencebiology.org)
To our knowledge this is the first report on identification of a short peptidefrom adiponectin with positive effects on glucose or fatty acid metabolism. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Activation of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) by its natural ligand, adiponectin has been known to be involved in modulating critical metabolic processes such as glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation as demonstrated by a number of in vitro and in vivo studies over last two decades. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Levels of miR-720, fasting blood glucose, insulin and other indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism were determined. (researchsquare.com)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a homeostasis disorder of glucose metabolism caused by insulin resistance (IR) and/or pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, which involves the interaction of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors ( 1 , 2 ) . (researchsquare.com)
More and more evidences ( 6 - 8 ) show that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, insulin synthesis and secretion, which are the core links in the development of T2D. (researchsquare.com)
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) cascade performs a broad range of evolutionarily conserved functions, including the regulation of growth, developmental timing and lifespan, and the control of sugar, protein and lipid metabolism. (silverchair.com)
For example, reduced insulin signalling underlies the defects in glucose metabolism observed in diabetes,whereas changes in lipid metabolism associated with obesity are an important causative factor in establishing cellular insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes ( Haslam and James,2005 ). (silverchair.com)
In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vitamin D metabolism in general, its role in diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) and diabetic complications (mainly diabetic kidney disease), and potential therapeutic perspectives including vitamin D signalling as a druggable target. (karger.com)
Impaired insulin secretion and free radical formation are the initial events triggering the development of insulin resistance and its causal relations with dysregulation of glucose and fatty acids metabolism. (wiley.com)
Compounding the problem of replicating human type 2 diabetes in mice without knowing its fundamental causes is the difficulty that mice differ in many respects from humans, including in functions related to glucose metabolism. (independentsciencenews.org)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

We aimed to determine whether chemerin reduces vascular insulin signaling and whether there is interplay between chemerin/ChemR23, insulin resistance, and vascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (gla.ac.uk)
Long-term consequences of preterm birth include decreased aerobic capacity, decreased muscular strength and endurance, and increased prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. (frontiersin.org)
Rhomboid function has been linked to breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes. (ualberta.ca)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that is largely associated with increased rates of obesity and reduced physical activity [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Overview of clinically approved oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (sciencebiology.org)
cell failure in type 2 diabetes. (sciencebiology.org)
2021). Pedoman Pengelolaan Dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa Di Indonesia. (sciencebiology.org)
These findings suggest that AdipoRs' agonists could be developed into a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, especially for type II diabetes, a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Exosomes have previously been associated with a number of endocrine disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, disorders of the reproductive system and cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
miRNAs pose a good prospect in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). (researchsquare.com)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from the destruction of insulinproducing β cells in the pancreas, that leads to hyperglycemia [1,2,20]. (researchgate.net)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an insulin deficiency. (researchgate.net)
We speculate that this mechanism could be important in explaining the well-established link between obesity and insulin resistance that is observed in Type 2 diabetes. (silverchair.com)
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are also more common across type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. (karger.com)
Vitamin D deficiency also contributes to many extraskeletal outcomes, including higher risk of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergy, autoimmunity, pregnancy complications, and many other pathologies. (karger.com)
Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms according to which T2D induces cellular senescence and the role of type 2 diabetes-induced cellular senescence in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Age-related and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) represent a source of cellular stress due to their disruptive effect on normal physiological processes and, therefore, can induce premature senescence ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
Insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological feature of type 2 diabetes. (wiley.com)
The CHARGE diabetes working group has searched for rare mutations altering the proteins coded by genes that affect diabetes, glucose, insulin, obesity and other related traits. (cedars-sinai.edu)
He is the co-convener of the Type 2 Diabetes Working Group of CHARGE. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Genetic studies have elucidated zinc transporters in beta cells that could be a target for treating diabetes. (cedars-sinai.edu)
The CHARGE Type 2 Diabetes-Glycemia Working Group international study focusing on genotyping exomes to identify protein-altering genetic variants that affect fasting glucose and insulin levels. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Additional analyses, in over 16,000 cases of Type 2 diabetes and 81,000 controls, found that the Thr allele lowers the risk of Type 2 diabetes by 14 percent. (cedars-sinai.edu)
The association of variation in GLP-1R with fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes represents the third instance wherein genetic epidemiology identified a gene that codes for a direct drug target in Type 2 diabetes, the other examples being KCNJ11 (codes for the target of sulfonylureas) and PPARG (codes for the target of thiazolidinediones). (cedars-sinai.edu)
Proteomic methodologies increasingly have been applied to the kidney to map the renal cortical proteome and to identify global changes in renal proteins induced by diseases such as diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
Low coverage of the renal cortical proteome as well as our interest in diabetes-induced changes in proteins found in the renal cortex prompted us to perform an in-depth proteomic analysis of mouse renal cortical tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the importance of the kidney in normal and disease states, numerous proteomic methodologies increasingly have been applied to the kidney, and novel combinations of research tools are now available to identify global changes in renal protein expression patterns induced by diseases such as diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
Several normal variations (polymorphisms) of the SLC2A10 gene have been associated with an increased risk of peripheral artery disease in people with type 2 diabetes , a disorder in which resistance to the hormone insulin leads to excess glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycemia). (medlineplus.gov)
Problems with blood vessels, including peripheral artery disease, are common in type 2 diabetes, and are believed to be related to the effect of hyperglycemia on TGF-β signaling. (medlineplus.gov)
Alterations in the GLUT10 protein caused by SLC2A10 gene variations may also affect TGF-β signaling and increase the risk of blood vessel problems in diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
A decade ago, researchers reported on the existence of 195 published methods that prevented or delayed the development of type 2 diabetes in mice (Roep et al 2004). (independentsciencenews.org)
The reason is largely a simple one, as we showed when we recently analyzed the reputed contributions of mouse experiments to human type 2 diabetes research ( Chandrasekera and Pippin 2013 ). (independentsciencenews.org)
Type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is the fastest-growing disease in the United States, currently affecting approximately 26 million Americans, and estimated to quadruple in prevalence to affect one-third of Americans by 2050 (CDC 2011a). (independentsciencenews.org)
Type 2 diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (CDC 2011b). (independentsciencenews.org)
The pre-diabetes stage includes impairment of fasting glucose and glucose tolerance, often evolving into a specific metabolic syndrome that includes abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and elevated fasting blood glucose. (independentsciencenews.org)
The eventual development of full-blown type 2 diabetes is signaled by overt hyperglycemia resulting from a combination of insulin resistance and dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic ß-cells. (independentsciencenews.org)
In other words, type 2 diabetes is a systemic disease occurring at several sites in the body. (independentsciencenews.org)
In our paper, we describe in detail decades of type 2 diabetes research primarily using mice, and the many discrepancies compared to human-based research findings (Chandrasekera and Pippin 2013). (independentsciencenews.org)
Similar immutable barriers to the use of mice to study human type 2 diabetes exist at every level from gene structure and gene regulation to disease manifestations and phenotypes. (independentsciencenews.org)
The prevalence of renal failure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually stated as 20 to 30%, but this figure is probably low. (msdmanuals.com)

Insulin stimulates glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) vesicle recruitment from its intracellular storage site to the plasma membrane. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Taken together, the results of this study suggest that CSP1 is involved in insulin resistance by interrupting GLUT4 vesicle docking with the plasma membrane. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Similarly to glucose transporter GLUT4, CD36 is translocated from intracellular pools to the plasma membrane following cell stimulation by insulin. (exbio.cz)
van Oort MM, van Doorn JM, Bonen A, Glatz JF, van der Horst DJ, Rodenburg KW, Luiken JJ: Insulin-induced translocation of CD36 to the plasma membrane is reversible and shows similarity to that of GLUT4. (exbio.cz)
Some research shows that plant extract proved to be potential in increasing the translocation of GLUT4 and helping lowering blood glucose levels. (sciencebiology.org)
Regulated transport of the glucose transporter GLUT4. (sciencebiology.org)
Evidence for defects in the trafficking and translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters in skeletal muscle as a cause of human insulin resistance. (sciencebiology.org)
The GLUT4 Glucose Transporter. (sciencebiology.org)
In response to parathyroid hormone and dietary inorganic phosphate, the renal cotransporter is rapidly inserted into and retrieved from the renal brush border membrane in a fashion similar to that by which the glucose transporter (Glut4) (TC# 2.A.1.1) is regulated by insulin, and aquaporins 1 and 2 (TC# 1.A.8.1) are regulated by vasopressin (Levi et al. (tcdb.org)
It was investigated the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), Ser/Thr kinase (AKT), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), and sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in gastrocnemius tissues by western blot, respectively. (jkomor.org)

The mouse monoclonal antibody CB38 (NL07) recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD36 (GPIIIb), a 85-113 kDa integral membrane glycoprotein expressed on platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells, early erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. (exbio.cz)
2004). Structure-function relations of the first and fourth predicted extracellular linkers of the type IIa Na + /Pi cotransporter: I. Cysteine scanning mutagenesis. (tcdb.org)
Exosomes are one of the most researched classes of extracellular vesicles because they are carriers of targeted protein and DNA/RNA loads. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
High-confidence identification of ~2,000 proteins, including cytoplasmic, nuclear, plasma membrane, extracellular and unknown/unclassified proteins, was obtained by separating tryptic peptides of renal cortical proteins into 60 fractions by SCX prior to LC-MS/MS. The identified proteins represented the renal cortical proteome with no discernible bias due to protein physicochemical properties, subcellular distribution, biological processes, or molecular function. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of this renal cortical proteome with published human urinary proteomes demonstrated enrichment of renal extracellular, plasma membrane, and lysosomal proteins in the urine, with a lack of intracellular proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The TGF-β signaling pathway is also involved in bone and blood vessel development and the formation of the extracellular matrix, an intricate lattice of proteins and other molecules that forms in the spaces between cells and defines the structure and properties of connective tissues. (medlineplus.gov)

The usual homeostatic mechanism cannot halt the rapid drop in blood glucose levels that normally occurs during the first several hours after birth (reflecting consumption of maternal glucose), and the decrease continues. (medscape.com)
Of note, ADP-1 decreased blood glucose levels and enhanced insulin production in pancreatic β cells in db/db mice. (phoenixpeptide.com)
DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)

AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was reduced by chemerin in both HMECs and VSMCs. (gla.ac.uk)
Although luseogliflozin increased phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase α (p-AMPKα) levels, the AMPK activator AICAR did not changed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression. (bvsalud.org)
Activator of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP agonist). (biolog.de)
Immunoblot analysis revealed an insulin-like glucose transporting mechanism of AEG by activating key markers involved in the insulin signaling cascade such as insulin receptor beta IRβ, insulin receptor substrate1, 85 phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) and PKB. (wiley.com)

glycogen-storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) designates the true enzyme defect, and glycogen-storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) designates the intracellular transport defect. (medscape.com)
There exists an exchange of molecules and ions in and out of the cell wall, as well as in and out of membrane-bounded intracellular compartments such as the nucleus, ER, and mitrochondria. (wikibooks.org)
Luseogliflozin suppressed the oxygen consumption rate in HRPTECs, and subsequently decreased hypoxia-sensitive dye, pimonidazole staining under hypoxia, suggesting that luseogliflozin promoted the degradation of HIF-1α protein by redistribution of intracellular oxygen. (bvsalud.org)

The synthesis, secretion, and action of insulin are dependent on zinc and the transporters that make this ion available to cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
Zinc has "mimetic" activity where it is involved in a range of functions including insulin receptor signal transduction, insulin storage, secretion and tissues/organelle distribution, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Rab proteins are known to be important participants in insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells. (researchsquare.com)
In a subset of subjects who had undergone oral glucose tolerance testing, the Thr allele was found to be associated with increased two-hour glucose and decreased acute insulin secretion. (cedars-sinai.edu)

About 18% of all C. difficile genes are regulated by glucose, for which 50% depend on CcpA for regulation. (studyres.com)
The cancer/testis antigen HORMA domain containing protein 1 (HORMAD1), one of 146 upregulated differentially expressed genes in fetal livers from HFD-fed dams, was overexpressed with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) in hepatoblasts and in NASH-based hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in offspring from HFD-fed dams at 15 weeks old. (bvsalud.org)
microRNA (miR) is a highly conserved non-coding small RNA widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, 18-25 nucleotides long, being capable of affecting the biological functions of other genes by binding to the 3'UTR end of its target gene ( 4 , 5 ) . (researchsquare.com)
Eleven candidate effector genes were identified based on features common to characterized fungal effectors, i.e. they encode small, soluble (lack of transmembrane domain), cysteine-rich proteins with a putative SP. (biomedcentral.com)
We re- polymorphic loci of the merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 port 2 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmitted antigen genes by fl uorescent end-labeled nested PCR and by routes other than mosquito vectors: occupational blood restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis ( 5-7 ). (cdc.gov)

Chemerin and its G protein-coupled receptor [chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23)] have been associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. (gla.ac.uk)
Based on crystal structure of AdipoR1, we designed AdipoR1's peptide agonists using protein-peptide docking simulation and screened their receptor binding abilities and biological functions via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biological analysis. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Also, SPR and virtual screening techniques utilized in this study may potentially be applied to other peptide-drug screening processes against membrane receptor proteins. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
Meta-analysis combining data from all participating cohorts identified a naturally occurring mutation, an alanine (Ala) to threonine (Thr) change at amino acid position 316, in the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) that regulates fasting glucose, with the Thr allele associated with reduced glucose levels. (cedars-sinai.edu)
In silico models of receptors with the Thr allele documented a significant effect on the conformation of the receptor within the cell membrane, supporting that it may impact GLP-1R function. (cedars-sinai.edu)
QS in Gram-negative organisms in-vol-ves two regulatory components: the tran-scrip-tio-nal activator protein (receptor protein) and the autoinducer (AI) molecule produced by the AI-synthase. (asmblog.org)
At this time the AI binds to and activates the receptor protein, which in turn induces gene expression. (asmblog.org)
Treatment is strict glucose control, angiotensin inhibition (using angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs]), and control of blood pressure and lipids. (msdmanuals.com)
Distinct In Vitro and In Vivo Neutralization Profiles of Monoclonal Antibodies Elicited by the Receptor Binding Domain of the Ancestral SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
Here we produced and characterized a set of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). (cdc.gov)

Inhibition of CaMKII abrogated the insulin-induced Erk-1/2 activation, DNA synthesis and phosphorylation of IRS-1 at S612. (cnr.it)
Protein stability was determined following treatment with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and proteasome inhibitor MG132. (thno.org)

We tested the hypothesis that mRNA and protein expression of intestinal glucose transporters and mRNA expression of enzymes related to gluconeogenesis are affected by variable starch supply. (nih.gov)
After slaughter, tissue samples of the small intestinal mucosa (mid-duodenum and mid-jejunum) were taken for determination of mRNA concentrations of SGLT1 and GLUT2 as well as pyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase by real-time reverse transcription PCR relative to a housekeeping gene. (nih.gov)
No diet-dependent differences were found concerning mRNA and protein contents of glucose transporter or mRNA level of gluconeogenic enzymes. (nih.gov)
The mRNA and protein expression of CSP1 was elevated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in insulin resistant states caused by high levels of palmitate and chronic insulin exposure. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)

SLC2A10 is a member of the facilitative glucose transporter family, which plays a significant role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
Recent studies have highlighted zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
The lattice model has been validated in immune regulation, cancer progression and glucose homeostasis in mice. (gr.jp)
It is a complex and multifactorial disease, characterized by many years (often decades) of sequential disruptions in glucose homeostasis. (independentsciencenews.org)

In conclusion, our investigations on glucose transporters and gluconeogenic enzymes in the small intestinal mucosa of dairy cows did not show significant diet regulation when TMR with different amounts of intestinal starch were fed. (nih.gov)
The depletion of ORP2 led to dysregulated transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis in both of the studied cell types. (helsinki.fi)
Our study indicates that AFB extract improves symptoms of obesity through regulation of energy regulating proteins in muscle tissues. (jkomor.org)

2015) Critical Roles for Two Hydrophobic Residues within Human Glucose Transporter 9 (hSLC2A9) Affecting Substrate Selectivity and the Energetics of Urate Transport J Biol Chem. (ualberta.ca)

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A10 gene. (wikipedia.org)
A mixed model was used to examine feeding and time-related changes on feed intake and milk yield and to test feeding and gut site effects on gene or protein expression of glucose transporters and enzymes in the intestinal mucosa. (nih.gov)
2016). Characterizing and evaluating the expression of the type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (slc34a2) gene and its potential influence on phosphorus utilization efficiency in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). (tcdb.org)
The SLC2A10 gene provides instructions for making a protein called GLUT10. (medlineplus.gov)

Diets containing corn starch may improve glucose supply by providing significant amounts of intestinal starch and increasing intestinal glucose absorption in dairy cows. (nih.gov)
Therefore, predicted intestinal glucose absorption after enhanced starch feeding is probably not supported by changes of intestinal glucose transporters in dairy cows. (nih.gov)
Some of the transport proteins have been identified-for example, intestinal brush border Na + /glucose and Na + /proline transporters 1,2 and the brain Na + /Cl - /GABA transporter 3 -and progress has been made in locating their active sites and probing their conformational states 1,2,4-7 . (nature.com)
The archetypical Na + -driven transporter is the intestinal brush border Na + /glucose co-transporter (see ref. 8), and a defect in the co-transporter is the origin of the congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome 9 . (nature.com)
Pathogenic strains then produce two toxins (TcdA and TcdB), which are considered as the major virulence factors, that lead to the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton of intestinal epithelium cells (6,7), therefore, conferring the CDI symptoms (diarrhoea, epithelial apoptosis and ulceration). (studyres.com)
The well-characterized mammalian proteins are found in renal (IIa isoform) and intestinal (IIb isoform) brush border membranes and are about 640 amino acyl residues long with 8-12 putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)
and 4) photomicrograph of intestinal villus (photograph courtesy of Alberti Lamberti, Ph.D., Temple University). (cdc.gov)

Extra-nuclear telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) regulates glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells. (telomerescience.com)

We have sequenced the cloned DNA and have found no homology between the Na + /glucose co-transporter and either the mammalian facilitated glucose carrier or the bacterial sugar transport proteins. (nature.com)
This suggests that the mammalian Na + -driven transporter has no evolutionary relationship to the other sugar transporters. (nature.com)
Hence, the activity of mammalian glucose transporter depends upon anionic (phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol) and conical phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and diacylglycerol) [265]. (nicotinic-receptor.com)

Lipids are distributed in a highly heterogeneous manner between different cellular membranes. (helsinki.fi)
It is becoming evident that while the bulk lipid transport occurs via vesicular transport, a major portion of lipids are trafficked by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). (helsinki.fi)
As explored in Membranes I: Introduction to Biological Membranes , there is a wide variety of embedded components that are essential to the life of the cell, including lipids , carbohydrates, and proteins - many of which regulate what is allowed to pass into and out of the cell (Figure 1). (visionlearning.com)

The AFB extract administration was reduced significantly serum levels of glucose, insulin, and LDL-C in obesity mice. (jkomor.org)

Despite the mounting evidence of both skeletal muscle and glucose handling impairments after premature birth, the specific skeletal muscle metabolic alterations underlying these physiologic changes in preterm born adults have not been well-identified. (frontiersin.org)
We investigated the role of TERT, in regulating cellular glucose utilisation by using the myoblastoma cell line C2C12, as well as primary mouse and human skeletal muscle cells. (telomerescience.com)
In insulin-dependent peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, zinc ions play a role in insulin-induced glucose transport and glycemic control [ 9 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

The galectin lattice (i) regulates flow of receptors and solute transporters to coated-pit endocytosis and/or caveolin domains, and (ii) promotes turnover of cell-cell contacts such as immune synapses and focal adhesion complexes. (gr.jp)

Suppression of ORP2 led to reduced cholesterol content in the PM raft domains, while increasing the PM PI(4,5)P2 content, identifying ORP2 as a novel regulator of PM lipid organization. (helsinki.fi)
The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is impermeable to large and polar molecules but permeable to water molecules and other small uncharged molecules like O 2 and CO 2 . (wikibooks.org)
The availability of free energy is one of the factors that determine if a molecule will move across a membrane, the other being the permeability of the molecule in the lipid bilayer. (wikibooks.org)
Furthermore, we show that the accumulation of activated Akt in the cytoplasm is responsible for this phenotype and leads to a much higher expression of LSD2, the fly homologue of the vertebrate lipid-storage protein perilipin. (silverchair.com)
This free bilirubin is able to cross lipid-containing membranes, including the blood-brain barrier, leading to neurotoxicity. (medscape.com)

In a similar assay, either Ca2+ - or Na+ sensitive fluorescent probes entrapped in liposomes containing connexin 26 hemichannels had been made use of to demonstrate for the initial time the translocation of Ca2+ by the connexin chan-Membranes 2021, 11,16 ofnel [270]. (nicotinic-receptor.com)
9(4): 1991-1998, 2021 Apr. (bvsalud.org)
Kidney Blood Press Res (2021) 46 (2): 152-161. (karger.com)

Water will move from an area with a higher concentration of water to the other side of the membrane with a lower concentration of water. (wikibooks.org)
All plasma membranes possess transporters to help move molecules from one side of the membrane to the other. (visionlearning.com)

It is a common metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia coupled with reduced life expectancy resulting from debilitating disease states that include heart disease, stroke, peripheral neuropathy, and renal disease [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, questions on how zinc transporters are regulated and effectively facilitate zinc flux contributing to cell signaling are largely unknown. (hindawi.com)

Voltage-sensitive ion channels closely regulate generation of action potentials (brief and reversible alterations of the voltage of cellular membranes). (medscape.com)

that is, sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) and facilitated glucose transporter (GLUT2), which are usually downregulated in the small intestine of functional ruminants but are upregulated when luminal glucose is available. (nih.gov)
Our research centers around studying membrane proteins involved in disease, using X-ray crystallography and other biophysical techniques, to reveal structural, functional and mechanistic details of membrane proteins that could one day aid in the development of new drugs and vaccines targeted towards membrane proteins. (ualberta.ca)
2012). Functional Interaction between CFTR and the Sodium-Phosphate Co-Transport Type 2a in Xenopus laevis Oocytes. (tcdb.org)
Radioactively labeled substrates (typically 3 H-labeled, but other radioactive atoms may be utilized also) have been broadly used in liposome-based functional research of membrane transporters, e.g. (nicotinic-receptor.com)
Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By mechanisms that are not well understood, a lack (deficiency) of functional GLUT10 protein leads to overactivity (upregulation) of TGF-β signaling. (medlineplus.gov)

In humans, this step is facilitated by glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) protein and requires the action of the CHC22 protein. (independentsciencenews.org)
Thus, attempts to apply mouse glucose transport studies to humans are impeded due to species differences in the GLUT 4 trafficking pathway. (independentsciencenews.org)

Protein expression of GLUT2 in crude mucosal membranes and of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in brush-border membrane vesicles was quantified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and immunoblot. (nih.gov)
The PNaS family includes several functionally characterized, sodium-dependent, inorganic phosphate (P i ) transporter (NPT2 or NptA) proteins from mammals. (tcdb.org)
2017). Characterization of the isoforms of type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Slc34a2) in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and their vitamin D3-regulated expression under low-phosphate conditions. (tcdb.org)
Physicians now recognize that zinc supplementation can reduce the incidence and severity of diarrheal disease, and an ORS of reduced osmolarity (i.e., proportionally reduced concentrations of sodium and glucose) has been developed for global use. (cdc.gov)
During the generation of action potentials, sodium ions move across the membrane through voltage-gated ion channels. (medscape.com)
Research into pain relievers provided insight into the most important and universal transporter in the human body, the sodium-potassium pump. (visionlearning.com)
Ions , such as sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl - ), have an even more difficult time going through the membrane than glucose . (visionlearning.com)

2006). "Mutations in the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10 alter angiogenesis and cause arterial tortuosity syndrome" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
More than 80 discrete mutations have been identified for both types Ia and Ib. (medscape.com)
Muscle strength is normal between attacks but, after a few years, some degree of fixed weakness develops in certain types of PP (especially primary PP). All forms of primary PP (except Becker myotonia congenita [MC]) are either autosomal dominant inherited or sporadic (most likely arising from point mutations). (medscape.com)

While progress has been made in establishing a renal cortical proteome using 1-D or 2-DE and mass spectrometry, the number of proteins definitively identified by mass spectrometry has remained surprisingly small. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result of extracting all proteins from the renal cortex, we identified an exceptionally wide range of renal proteins in terms of pI, MW, hydrophobicity, abundance, and subcellular location. (biomedcentral.com)
This reflects the non-invasive nature of the sample collection, its availability, and the observation that proteins found in urine under pathophysiological conditions will reflect altered glomerular and tubular pathology induced by renal disease [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In brush-border membrane vesicles, SGLT1 and GLUT2 protein expression could be demonstrated. (nih.gov)
For example, Vassilopoulos and colleagues 2009 reported that mice do not possess the protein that in humans mediates transport of circulating glucose into cells by means of membrane-bound vesicles. (independentsciencenews.org)

In males, ACOT1 deficiency increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) protein abundance while reducing 4-hydroxynonenal, a marker of oxidative stress, in white adipose tissue and liver of HFD-fed mice. (jci.org)
Comparison of the most abundant proteins based on normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) in this dataset versus a published glomerular proteome indicated enrichment of mitochondrial proteins in the former and cytoskeletal proteins in the latter. (biomedcentral.com)

However, glucose-6-phosphate is also the substrate for glycolysis and produces lactate. (medscape.com)
Lactate export, glycolysis rate, and CD147 protein abundance were also inhibited by HSPA12A overexpression but promoted by HSPA12A knockdown. (thno.org)

Given the low plasma concentration of zinc and its importance in cellular signaling, it is essential that the availability and distribution of "free" zinc (free zinc is used to differentiate zinc involved in cell signaling from zinc that tightly bound to protein and therefore thermodynamically unavailable) are tightly controlled [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
ORP2 was also found to facilitate cholesterol transport between the late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/LY) and plasma membrane (PM) and to interact with the related LE/LY cholesterol transporter ORP1L. (helsinki.fi)
Rab functions are accompanied by cyclical activation and inactivation of GTP-bound and GDP-bound forms between the cytosol and plasma membrane that are regulated by upstream regulators ( 15 ) . (researchsquare.com)
After the appressorium has been formed, a thin infection or penetration peg emerging from the base of the appressorium pierces the host cuticle and cell wall, and grows in between the plant cell wall and plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
These hyphae are likely to interact with the host plasma membrane but pull away after plasmolysis (Figure 1A ), indicating either initial or weak host-pathogen association. (biomedcentral.com)
This situation differs from that of haustoria (analogous to primary hyphae) and the biotrophic invasive hyphae produced by obligate biotrophic fungi, such as powdery mildews and rusts, and other hemibiotrophs like Magnaporthe oryzae , the causal agent of rice blast, where the host plasma membrane remains adhered to fungal structures upon plasmolysis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasma levels of glucose, leptin and insulin are elevated in males. (jax.org)
Studying how molecules travel across plasma membranes (cell membranes) is the key to understanding and treating many medical conditions. (visionlearning.com)
The plasma membrane serves as a semi-permeable barrier to the cell. (visionlearning.com)
In addition, the root cause of the disease has been identified: The plasma membranes of cells in the affected organs are missing a key component and so do not function properly. (visionlearning.com)
The plasma membrane (also called the cell membrane) is anything but a simple barrier between the inside of a cell and the environment outside of it. (visionlearning.com)
The plasma membrane of all cells is a barrier to most molecules . (visionlearning.com)
The interior environment of the plasma membrane is highly hydrophobic because of the close crowding of all of the fatty acid hydrocarbon tails (see Membranes I: Introduction to Biological Membranes ). (visionlearning.com)

However, GLUT10 has some structural differences from other glucose transporters, and its role in the movement of glucose or other substances is unclear. (medlineplus.gov)

Thus, the proteins that transport zinc likely facilitate cell signaling processes that contribute to glycemic control in peripheral tissues by modulating cytosolic zinc concentrations. (hindawi.com)
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 3(4), 267277. (sciencebiology.org)
In the hepatocyte, the glycogen catabolic machinery normally responds to stimuli caused by hypoglycemia (eg, neural, hormonal), ending in a flood of glucose-6-phosphate that cannot be released from the cell. (medscape.com)
To solve this problem, the cell membrane contains proteins that are selective for unique, water soluble molecules. (wikibooks.org)
The array of transporters expressed in any given cell defines the cell's function and effectiveness. (wikibooks.org)
Diffusion is the process by which molecules migrate over the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. (wikibooks.org)
Microvesicles have a diameter ranging from 100 nm to 1 µm and are released by cell membrane budding. (spandidos-publications.com)
A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
this type of protein moves the simple sugar glucose across cell membranes and helps maintain proper levels of glucose within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Sequence analyses of unigenes revealed four potential groups: hydrolases, cell envelope associated proteins (CEAPs), candidate effectors and other proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The galectin lattice is a multi-valent interaction of galectins with glycoproteins at the cell surface that displays rapid exchange of binding partners with properties of liquid-liquid phase transitions, thereby acting as an intermediary between freely diffusing glycoproteins and stable complexes in the membrane. (gr.jp)
More than 10 histological and molecular subtypes of RCC have been identified, among which clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common type and accounting for 80% of all cases [ 2 , 4 ]. (thno.org)
Diconjugates appear to be formed at the cell membrane and may require the presence of the UDPGT tetramer. (medscape.com)
Did you know that the absence of one tiny amino acid in cell membranes causes Cystic Fibrosis, a life-threatening disease? (visionlearning.com)
And a common aliment, heartburn, is treated with medicine that slows down the rate at which protons are pumped across cell membranes into the stomach. (visionlearning.com)
Many types of components are mingled throughout the cell membrane. (visionlearning.com)
Hyperglycemia causes glycosylation of glomerular proteins, which may be responsible for mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion and vascular endothelial damage. (msdmanuals.com)

2000). Molecular determinants of pH sensitivity of the type IIa Na/P(i) cotransporter. (tcdb.org)
The highest ranked molecular functions were characteristic of tubular epithelium, and included binding, catalytic activity, transporter activity, structural molecule activity, and carrier activity. (biomedcentral.com)

A collagen domain-derived short adiponectin peptide activates APPL1 and AMPK signaling pathways and improves glucose and fatty acid metabolisms. (phoenixpeptide.com)

CD36 (fatty acid translocase, FAT) is an 88 kDa ditopic glycosylated protein that belongs to the class B family of scavenger receptors. (exbio.cz)

Luseogliflozin significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein expression in HRPTECs. (bvsalud.org)
Using potato virus X (PVX) based transient expression assays, we showed that one of the candidate effectors, i. e. contig 8 that encodes a cerato-platanin (CP) domain containing protein, unlike CP proteins from other fungal pathogens was unable to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR). (biomedcentral.com)

There is increasing evidence that nutrient intake can affect the adaptive response to a single exercise bout, and that protein feeding is important to facilitate this process. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, post-endurance exercise protein intake may provide means to facilitate aerobic training adaptations. (biomedcentral.com)
The body weight (BW), muscle weight, calorie intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum glucose, insulin, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured in mice. (jkomor.org)
Glucose and potassium intake has the opposite effects in these disorders. (medscape.com)

CCX832 treatment of db/db mice decreased body weight, insulin, and glucose levels as well as vascular oxidative stress. (gla.ac.uk)
Dairy cows (n=9/group) were fed for 4 wk total mixed rations (TMR) containing either high (HS) or low (LS) starch levels in the diet. (nih.gov)
Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)
Akt is activated by increased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)- P 3 ], a phospholipid signalling molecule produced by IIS-regulated class I PI3-kinases( Downward, 1998 ). (silverchair.com)
Arterial blood gas levels (through an indwelling line [eg, umbilical arterial catheter or preductal peripheral arterial line]): To assess the pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) and the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) which might be higher in the preductal arterial line. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments in C2C12 cells showed that TERT was constitutively associated with glucose transporters (GLUTs) 1, 4 and 12 via an insulin insensitive interaction that also did not require intact PI3-K and mTOR pathways. (telomerescience.com)
C. truncatum likely secretes an arsenal of proteins that are implicated in maintaining a compatible interaction with its host. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of these proteins may have a role in establishing compatible interaction with the host plant. (biomedcentral.com)
During the transition, C. truncatum probably secretes a range of proteins to establish a compatible interaction with its host, including some that may exclusively be involved in switching the pathogen to the necrotrophic phase. (biomedcentral.com)

When ΔG is positive the transport is active, an input of energy is needed to move a molecule up a concentration gradient, contrary to ΔG being negative the transport is passive, which means that such molecules will pass through a membrane down their own gradient, simple diffusion. (wikibooks.org)
Only uncharged, non-polar molecules can easily pass through the membrane. (visionlearning.com)

In 1929, von Gierke provided the initial description of glycogen-storage disease type I (GSD I) from autopsy reports of 2 children whose large livers contained excessive glycogen. (medscape.com)
Glycogen-storage disease type I (subtypes Ia and Ib) is one of the few genetic-biochemical causes of hypoglycemia in newborns. (medscape.com)
The accumulation of lactic acid in blood can cause true acidosis with a large anion gap, a characteristic of glycogen-storage disease type I. (medscape.com)
Vitamin D has to be metabolically activated in the kidney, and patients with CKD including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are not able to produce enough of the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D). Vice versa, the kidneys are assumed to be a classical 1,25(OH) 2 D target. (karger.com)
In regard to survival, around 52.9% of patients diagnosed with CRC survive the disease for ten years or more ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
The gynecologist often discovers Maikammerr bowel pathol- ogy under one of the following circumstances: (1) during the operative treatment of established gynecologic pathol- ogy, (2) when acute or chronic pelvic sepsis is demonstrated as due Optiona complications of large bowel disease, (3) when the true nature of an abdominal pelvic neoplasm is determined at laparotomy. (binaryoptionsforex625.com)

The transport may be active transport by carrier proteins with an energy source, or it may be facilitated diffusion or passive transport via channels. (wikibooks.org)
Passive transport is the moving of biochemicals across membranes of cells without the use of chemical energy. (wikibooks.org)

Osmosis is very important in biological systems because many membranes are semipermeable. (wikibooks.org)
Biological.replicate.2.of.6. (systemsbiology.net)
Biological.replicate.4.of.7. (systemsbiology.net)
For example, water cannot pass directly through a biological membrane because it is a polar molecule , with partial positive and partial negative charges . (visionlearning.com)
Because the biological availability and toxicity of strontium are primarily related to the strontium(II) oxidation state, ATSDR (2001e) has focused on that form of strontium. (cdc.gov)
In addition to essential biological capabilities ac- are overweight [2]. (who.int)

Anatomy35

Organisms14

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs127

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care1

Uptake30

Translocation to the plasma2

Metabolism12

Diabetes42

GLUT410

Extracellular7

Blood glucose levels3

Kinase4

Intracellular3

Secretion4

Genes5

Receptor11

Synthesis2

MRNA5

Homeostasis4

Regulation3

Human glucose transporter1

Gene4

Intestinal7

Regulates glucose1

Mammalian3

Lipids3

Obesity1

Skeletal3

Solute1

Lipid5

20213

Side of the membrane2

Metabolic1

Zinc transporters1

Cellular membranes1

Functional6

GLUT2

Sodium7

Mutations3

Renal3

Vesicles2

Mitochondrial2

Glycolysis2

Plasma13

GLUT101

Cell17

Molecular2

AMPK1

Fatty acid1

Expression2

Intake4

Levels5

Interaction4

Molecules2

Disease6

Transport2

Biological6