Type cardiovascular disease waist circumference measures abdominal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Waist circumference (WC) is used to indirectly measure abdominal adipose tissue and the associated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). (nih.gov)
Elevated waist circumference, a crude anthropometric index of the absolute amount of visceral adipose tissue, better predicts the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and related disorders than BMI. (myhealthywaist.org)
There is a wealth of evidence suggesting that visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and the development of the metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes are closely linked [1,2]. (myhealthywaist.org)
Although each component of the metabolic syndrome can be targeted separately through pharmacotherapy, it is also possible to take a more global therapeutic approach to treating the metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes by focusing on reducing excess atherogenic/diabetogenic visceral adipose tissue, which is often present in patients with the clustering abnormalities of this syndrome. (myhealthywaist.org)
Abdominal fat is both the adipose tissue found just under the skin's surface and VAT combined. (lightbearers.org)
Excessive abdominal fat, or adipose tissue, has a correlation to heart disease. (ombrelab.com)
In general, a distinction is made between two types of adipose tissue: subcutaneous fat, which is located directly under the skin and can be easily pinched between two fingers, and visceral fat, which is located in the abdominal cavity around the organs. (almased.co.uk)
Waist circumference (WC) does not distinguish visceral from subcutaneous adipose tissue, and hence cannot accurately reflect levels of visceral adipose tissue [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a large waist circumference (due to excess abdominal adipose tissue), hypertension, abnormal fasting plasma glucose or insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. (msdmanuals.com)

The waist-hip ratio or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the dimensionless ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. (wikipedia.org)
The WHO states that abdominal obesity is defined as a waist-hip ratio above 0.90 for males and above 0.85 for females, or a body mass index (BMI) above 30.0. (wikipedia.org)
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) states that "total cholesterol levels are usually higher in persons with predominant abdominal obesity, defined as a waist-to-hip circumference ratio of ≥ 0.8 for women and ≥ 1.0 for men. (wikipedia.org)
Of these three measurements, only the waist-hip ratio takes account of the differences in body structure. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, it is possible for two people of the same sex to have different body mass indices but the same waist-hip ratio, or to have the same body mass index but different waist-hip ratios. (wikipedia.org)
However, other studies have found waist circumference (particularly Waist-to-height ratio) to be a better indicator of cardiovascular risk factors than the waist-hip ratio, body fat distribution, and hypertension in type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
Abdominal obesity was defined using waist circumference in recent years, and waist-hip ratio in earlier years. (cdc.gov)
Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference are commonly used measures for estimating abdominal adiposity (6,7). (cdc.gov)
This has led to an increasing evidence for abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of CVD [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio better estimate abdominal obesity driving insulin resistance. (sdgln.com)
Hazard Ratios (HR) for incident AF was calculated in relation to quartiles of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist hip ratio, waist height ratio, body fat. (lu.se)
Results: After adjustment for multiple risk factors, the risk of AF was significantly increased in the 4th versus 1st quartile of weight (HR for men/women = 2.02/1.93), BMI (HR = 1.62/1.52), waist circumference (HR = 1.67/1.63), waist to hip ratio (HR = 1.30/1.24), waist to height ratio (1.37/1.39) and body fat percentage (HR = 1.21/1.45) in men/women. (lu.se)
Measures of overall weight (BMI, weight) were slightly more predictive than measures of abdominal obesity (waist hip ratio and waist height ratio) both in men and women. (lu.se)
This is the waist/hip ratio. (lightbearers.org)
An individual with a 1.0 ratio has a two-fold greater risk of all-cause mortality than an individual with a 0.8 ratio, as well as increased risk of cardiovascular disease and/or type-2 diabetes. (lightbearers.org)
We studied the separate and combined associations of body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with risk of first-onset cardiovascular disease. (ox.ac.uk)
METHODS: We used individual records from 58 cohorts to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) per 1 SD higher baseline values (4.56 kg/m(2) higher BMI, 12.6 cm higher waist circumference, and 0.083 higher waist-to-hip ratio) and measures of risk discrimination and reclassification. (ox.ac.uk)
In people with BMI of 20 kg/m(2) or higher, HRs for cardiovascular disease were 1.23 (95% CI 1.17-1.29) with BMI, 1.27 (1.20-1.33) with waist circumference, and 1.25 (1.19-1.31) with waist-to-hip ratio, after adjustment for age, sex, and smoking status. (ox.ac.uk)
After further adjustment for baseline systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total and HDL cholesterol, corresponding HRs were 1.07 (1.03-1.11) with BMI, 1.10 (1.05-1.14) with waist circumference, and 1.12 (1.08-1.15) with waist-to-hip ratio. (ox.ac.uk)
Addition of information on BMI, waist circumference, or waist-to-hip ratio to a cardiovascular disease risk prediction model containing conventional risk factors did not importantly improve risk discrimination (C-index changes of -0.0001, -0.0001, and 0.0008, respectively), nor classification of participants to categories of predicted 10-year risk (net reclassification improvement -0.19%, -0.05%, and -0.05%, respectively). (ox.ac.uk)
Reproducibility was greater for BMI (regression dilution ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97) than for waist circumference (0.86, 0.83-0.89) or waist-to-hip ratio (0.63, 0.57-0.70). (ox.ac.uk)
INTERPRETATION: BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, whether assessed singly or in combination, do not importantly improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction in people in developed countries when additional information is available for systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and lipids. (ox.ac.uk)
Waist-to-hip ratio. (dignityhealth.org)
Similar to waist circumference, a waist-to-hip ratio helps health care professionals determine your risk for heart disease and other ailments related to obesity. (dignityhealth.org)
Improvements were seen in visceral fat mass, VO 2 max, body fat percentage, and waist circumference-to-height ratio. (zmescience.com)
The association of trunk fat with CVD risk was attenuated but remained significant even after adjusting for waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio. (imsociety.org)
The waist-to-hip ratio should also be taken into consideration (see below). (docbrown.info)
The differentiation ratio between android obesity and gynoid obesity can also be made by measuring the ratio of waist to hip circumference. (gurze.com)
Some obesity indices (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-toheight ratio) were measured. (bvsalud.org)

Unfortunately, the prevalence of chronic liver diseases at various stages of advancement in the world population is significant. (bvsalud.org)
Using Framingham risk scores, 61% of the subjects had elevated 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with no significant difference in gender prevalence. (hindawi.com)
As a consequence, there has also been a marked increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes all over the world and this chronic metabolic disease is now considered as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent. (researchgate.net)
Correspondingly, as weight is lost there is a decreased prevalence of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. (lightbearers.org)
Further studies should also include serum biochemical parameters to substantiate more specifically the effect of interventions on preventing chronic disease and reducing its incidence and prevalence. (cdc.gov)
Primary prevention interventions aimed at reducing the higher incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases among African Americans (3-5) include education about healthful lifestyle choices regarding diet and physical activity. (cdc.gov)
Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. (mdpi.com)
Obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia are closely associated with cardiovascular disease 3 and the prevalence of these factors has increased in recent decades4. (bvsalud.org)

The aim of our study was to demonstrate a correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with metabolic syndrome in relation with hypertension, lipid disorders, and carbohydrate disorders. (hindawi.com)
The aim of our study was to demonstrate a correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with metabolic syndrome in relation to hypertension, lipid disorders, such as atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and carbohydrate disorders, such as impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus type 2. (hindawi.com)
Obesity is directly associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension , and sleep disorders . (cdlnuclear.com)
Circumference With Hypertension and Diabetes in African American Women, South Carolina, 2007-2009. (cdc.gov)
After controlling for all variables, waist circumference was independently associated with a 5-fold risk in hypertension and diabetes in African American women. (cdc.gov)
Obesity is associated with hypertension and diabetes, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1). (cdc.gov)
We hypothesize that the risk of hypertension and diabetes would be higher for women with larger waist circumference, independent of sociodemographic and health-related variables. (cdc.gov)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia are common in patients with DM, placing them at increased risk for cardiac events [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Excess weight strains the cardiovascular system, increasing hypertension risk, which then accelerates diabetes complications. (sdgln.com)
It is suggested that until the epidemic progression of obesity is stopped and obesity prevented or at least properly managed, cardiologists will be confronted to an evolving contribution of risk factors where smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension may be relatively less prevalent but at the expense of a much greater contribution of abdominal obesity and related features of the metabolic syndrome. (researchgate.net)
In addition to its ties to abdominal obesity, the metabolic syndrome has also been linked to blood lipid disorders, an inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state, hypertension, and insulin resistance. (myhealthywaist.org)
The heart failure risk potentially attributed to obesity as measured by BMI or waist circumference was calculated after adjusting for multiple other health and lifestyle risk factors for heart disease, including other conditions such as Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, hypertension (or high blood pressure), kidney function, inflammation, left ventricular hypertrophy and prior heart attack. (worldhealth.net)
These comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ventilatory dysfunction, arthrosis, venous and lymphatic circulation diseases, depression, and others, which have a negative impact on health and increase morbidity and mortality. (mdpi.com)
A higher risk of type 2 diabetes (the final and more manifest outcome of insulin resistance), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia have been associated with the "apple" phenotype (4). (imsociety.org)
Because many people suffer from hypertension without knowing it, it is normally recommended to measure your blood pressure regularly, as persistent hypertension may have serious consequences. (healthandscience.eu)

they include coronary artery disease, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, eye problems and cerebrovascular disease. (dan.org)
Metabolic syndrome linked to abdominal obesity is also predictive of recurrent coronary events both in post-myocardial infarction patients and among coronary artery disease men who underwent a revascularization procedures. (researchgate.net)
Abdominal obesity has been linked to increased risk for coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes , so health care professionals may measure waist circumference to determine whether you are at risk. (dignityhealth.org)
High blood pressure can cause aneurysms, damage the heart, and over time, lead to coronary artery disease or heart failure, a condition that causes heart muscle to weaken and work less efficiently. (bidmc.org)

The authors suggested that steps should be taken to address components of the metabolic syndrome, such as waist circumference, in order to reduce the risk of developing the syndrome and related complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (myhealthywaist.org)
They are better protected against diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared to people whose body fat is located more in the abdomen (apple-shaped). (theconversation.com)
Having a higher than normal BMI value increases your risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (docbrown.info)
Meeting three or more criteria indicates a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (signos.com)

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. (sdgln.com)
Type 2 diabetes arises from progressive insulin resistance coupled with defective insulin secretion. (sdgln.com)
Without sufficient insulin or insulin sensitivity, blood glucose levels become elevated, leading to complications like nerve damage, kidney disease, vision loss, and cardiovascular disease if uncontrolled. (sdgln.com)
Excess weight, especially abdominal fat, alters hormone and cytokine signaling, creating a chronic inflammatory state and insulin resistance. (sdgln.com)
Visceral abdominal fat appears most metabolically active in driving insulin resistance through these pathways. (sdgln.com)
However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
This study also showed that waist circumference was a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than directly measuring insulin sensitivity with an oral glucose tolerance test. (myhealthywaist.org)
The contribution of various lifestyle and therapeutic interventions to reducing body weight, abdominal fat in particular, and preventing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is examined below. (myhealthywaist.org)
Significantly, the lifestyle intervention program reduced waist circumference by 4.4 ± 5.2 cm and improved both glucose-insulin homeostasis variables and lipoprotein-lipid parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome. (myhealthywaist.org)
A series of studies published in 2001 show that improving testosterone levels result in increased muscle strength and volume, improved hemoglobin levels and rising Insulin Like Growth Factor-1, the latter of which is an indirect measure of human growth hormone levels. (healthwithoutrisk.com)
Hemoglobin A1C levels measure blood sugar control over the previous 90 days with a level of 5.7% indicating insulin resistance and 6.5% or higher as Type 2 diabetes. (healthwithoutrisk.com)
Contrary to what one may assume, research has found that removing as much as 20 pounds of fat with liposuction did not significantly alter insulin sensitivity, did not lower levels of inflammation, and did not significantly alter other risk factors for heart disease. (lightbearers.org)
As a result, the immune cells and fat cells produce pro-inflammatory substances that end up driving disease and insulin resistance. (lightbearers.org)
This can be achieved by including other measures of health such as insulin resistance and blood markers of inflammation. (theconversation.com)
In contrast, obese individuals with a high waist circumference show excessive fat deposition in the abdomen and a pro-inflammatory state that leads to insulin resistance, which can be a precursor to Type 2 diabetes. (theconversation.com)
The additional weight increases your risk for metabolic disorders such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, insulin resistance and diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. (dignityhealth.org)
In 2016, a study published in Diabetologia found that HIIT done in high volumes improved insulin quality in metabolic syndrome participants without type 2 diabetes. (zmescience.com)
It drives inflammatory processes and promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance. (almased.co.uk)
High blood glucose (sugar) levels put you at greater risk of developing insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes . (bidmc.org)
In particular, Abdominal obesity is associated with poor metabolic health because it can contribute to insulin resistance and fat accumulation in the liver ( fatty liver ). (signos.com)
Elevated blood glucose levels, particularly chronic hyperglycemia, can lead to insulin resistance and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders. (signos.com)
Problems in insulin production or efficiency disrupt glucose metabolism, causing diseases. (signos.com)
Diabetes mellitus involves absence of insulin secretion (type 1) or peripheral insulin resistance (type 2), causing hyperglycemia. (msdmanuals.com)
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin because of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells, possibly triggered by an environmental exposure in genetically susceptible people. (msdmanuals.com)

According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, non-pregnant women with waist sizes greater than 35 inches and men with waist sizes greater than 40 inches are at an increased risk. (cdlnuclear.com)
Risk for those diseases is often associated with a waist circumference greater than 35 inches for women and 40 inches for men. (dignityhealth.org)

However, abdominal adiposity may be more predictive of CVD risk than BMI. (cdc.gov)
Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for obesity-related complications, and there is increasing evidence that abdominal adiposity may be a contributing factor to complications not related to adiposity at the waist (4,5). (cdc.gov)
It is well established that abdominal adiposity is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality independent of BMI ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. (ox.ac.uk)
BACKGROUND: Guidelines differ about the value of assessment of adiposity measures for cardiovascular disease risk prediction when information is available for other risk factors. (ox.ac.uk)
Findings were similar when adiposity measures were considered in combination. (ox.ac.uk)
An important related aspect is that, during the menopausal transition, women develop increased adiposity mainly at the waist. (imsociety.org)
Simple anthropometric measurements such as body mass index and waist circumference have been used to investigate the association between adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in adults 7 . (bvsalud.org)
Recently, studies in children and teenagers seem to confirm the usefulness of waist circumference as an appropriate indicator of metabolic and cardiovascular risk 8-10 as it has a greater correlation with central adiposity, and is therefore considered an important factor in the evolution of cardiovascular disease 11 . (bvsalud.org)
Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
It remains relatively unknown whether SAD, as a manifest measure of visceral adiposity, differs by sex in the general population and in the subgroups defined by socio-economic characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
Objective-- To investigate the associations between long work hours and adiposity measures in police officers. (cdc.gov)
Adiposity measures were not associated with work hours among women on any shift. (cdc.gov)

A 2014 review revealed that individuals with lifestyle-induced chronic cardiovascular or metabolic diseases who completed a HIIT program had better cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by VO 2 max, than those who completed moderate-intensity continuous training. (zmescience.com)
There is an increased risk of metabolic diseases from a waist circumference of more than 80cm in women. (almased.co.uk)
Waist circumference is a good indicator of abdominal obesity, which has been associated with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. (signos.com)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
And what a problem: with all that eating, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 68 percent of the nation is overweight or obese. (healthywomen.org)
In nearly every circumstance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that nursing mothers continue to breastfeed their babies despite the potential presence of environmental contaminants (AAP 2019, ATSDR 2021). (cdc.gov)

The results support self-measured WC as a useful tool for large-scale populations and epidemiological studies when objective measurement is not feasible, but overestimation should be taken into account when screening adults at risk of T2DM and/or CVD. (nih.gov)
This is calculated as waist measurement divided by hip measurement (W⁄H). For example, a person with a 75 cm waist and 95 cm hips (or a 30-inch waist and 38-inch hips) has WHR of about 0.79. (wikipedia.org)
Waist circumference is a measurement that gives an indication of fat related health risk. (fitness-science.org)
The tape should be snug but should not compress the skin, and the waist circumference measurement should be made at the end of a normal breath following exhalation. (clarksnutrition.com)
For most women, a waist circumference of 35 inches or larger, and for most men a measurement of 40 inches or larger, generally indicates a sign of excess visceral fat and associates with a higher risk for disease development. (umich.edu)
A man with a waist measurement greater than 40in (102cm) and a woman with a waist measurement greater than 35in (88cm) is at increased risk for health problems. (theinterview.ng)
Measurement 1 is waist circumference. (lightbearers.org)
Measurement 2 is measuring hip circumference and dividing that into waist circumference. (lightbearers.org)
To identify abdominal obesity, BMI monitoring must be followed by waist circumference measurement. (gurze.com)
Neck circumference is predictive of a risk of sleep apnea, and its serial measurement in the individual patient is clinically useful for risk stratification. (medscape.com)
Neck circumference is a more recent measurement of detection and it is less studied, but it is a valid indicator, with good sensitivity and advantages over others, such as ease of measurement and lack of variation over time. (medscape.com)

This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
3] found that the best predictors of incident metabolic syndrome over a 5 year follow-up were waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, and proinsulin levels. (myhealthywaist.org)
Overweight people are more likely to have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, and high cholesterol, also a risk factor. (healthywomen.org)
Instead, the success of your weight-management efforts should be evaluated not just by the number of pounds you lose, but by improvements in your chronic disease risk factors, such as reduced blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels, as well as by new, healthy lifestyle habits. (healthywomen.org)
You may be familiar with the phrase "know your numbers", which refers to key markers of heart health like blood pressure, waistcircumference, cholesterol, blood sugar and body mass index (BMI). (theinterview.ng)
A large waist circumference is linked with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, because of excess abdominal fat. (theinterview.ng)
A clinical study published in Diabetes Care, the journal of the American Diabetes Association, showed cinnamon to reduce serum glucose, triglycerides and LDL ("bad") cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes. (reliv.com)
The subjects also saw reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels, two other indicators of heart disease and obesity. (ombrelab.com)
Cholesterol profiles and abdominal fat, body weight, and muscle mass. (zmescience.com)
Beginning at age 20, everyone should undergo this screening test, which measures total cholesterol , LDL (bad) cholesterol and HDL (good) cholesterol. (bidmc.org)
Like high blood pressure, cholesterol may need to be checked more frequently in patients who are at increased risk for heart disease, arterial disease or stroke. (bidmc.org)
Moreover, the ingestion of food with high fat content (especially trans fat), cholesterol and carbohydrates in childhood can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases manifested in adulthood, which makes early diagnosis key 14 . (bvsalud.org)
Together, elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol cause an increased risk for coronary heart disease. (signos.com)
Blood levels of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol should be measured after 12 hours or more fasting. (signos.com)

A clearer indicator of obesity that promotes heart disease is determining your high waist circumference [5]. (ombrelab.com)

Those factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic etiology and diabetes mellitus type 2 [ 1 , 5 - 9 ], which are the main cause of premature deaths among most of the European and US population [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and biochemical indices were measured. (hindawi.com)

The WHR has been used as an indicator or measure of health, fertility, and the risk of developing serious health conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Sleep clinicians often measure neck circumference an in indicator of the fatty tissue deposits around the neck. (resmed.co.uk)
The waist circumference acts as an indirect indicator of visceral fat (intra-abdominal fat tissue). (theinterview.ng)

According to the writing group, calorie restriction can help reduce abdominal fat, and aerobic exercise is the most beneficial physical activity for reducing abdominal obesity. (cdlnuclear.com)
Their analysis discovered that adhering to current recommendations of 150 minutes of physical activity per week may be sufficient to reduce abdominal fat without requiring longer activity times. (cdlnuclear.com)
Helping to reduce abdominal fat is among the amazing health benefits of exercise. (bodybuilding.com)
Lose belly fat - How to reduce abdominal fat through a balanced diet. (almased.co.uk)

The latest research in the field of human body composition reveals startling new findings regarding how fat in different regions of the body affect physical wellness.Evidence reveals the fat lying deep inside the abdomen, called visceral or intra-abdominal fat , threatens our health more than the fat just under the skin, called subcutaneous fat . (umich.edu)

In fact, some experts believe that weight is not the sole cause of the diseases associated with being overweight, but that the accompanying unhealthy foods and sedentary lifestyles also contribute to these diseases. (healthywomen.org)
Recently, waist circumference is has been included since fat around the abdomen is especially unhealthy. (resmed.co.uk)
Individuals with metabolically healthy obesity have lower risk of disease than those with metabolically unhealthy obesity, but still higher risk than non-obese, metabolically healthy individuals. (theconversation.com)
Moreover, a majority of the MHO population tends to progress towards "metabolically unhealthy obesity" or MUO over a number of years , leading to enhanced risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other disorders linked with obesity. (theconversation.com)
An unhealthy lifestyle causes visceral abdominal fat to grow. (almased.co.uk)
The amount of unhealthy abdominal fat can be determined by the circumference of the abdomen. (almased.co.uk)

Waist measurements are usually obtained by laypersons by measurings around the waist at the navel, but research has shown that these measurements may underestimate the true waist circumference. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the limitations of BMI methodology, current reports by the World Health Organization and other organizations suggest combining the measurements of BMI and abdominal obesity [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
The following data were collected: personal (sex and date of birth), anthropometric (weight, height, waist, and hip measurements) were taken. (springeropen.com)
Among many baseline measurements and assessments conducted at the fourth follow-up exam, the women provided their age at menopause, and their weight was measured. (worldhealth.net)
Measurements of waist circumference and body weight can be used to calculate body mass index (BMI), a number that helps to determine healthy body weight and composition. (bidmc.org)
Waist circumference (WC) measurements were carried out in duplicate and the arithmetic mean was calculated. (bvsalud.org)
More and more doctors prefer to use waist circumference measurements to determine the forms of obesity. (gurze.com)
Healthcare professionals use medical devices, anthropometric measurements, and indexes to measure them. (signos.com)

In men, a more than 94 centimetres waist circumference carries an increased possibility of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. (umhospital.org)
Elevated CRP may have a role in predicting altered lipid metabolism in obese children and this raises the possibility of cardiovascular diseases. (springeropen.com)

The most common manifestations of acquired (rather than congenital) cardiovascular disease are coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral artery disease. (dan.org)
Metabolic syndrome is a group of five risk factors, that when left untreated, increase the likelihood of developing heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. (healthline.com)
If you are overweight, you are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death for both men and women in the United States. (healthywomen.org)
They're twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes-a major cause of death, heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, amputation and blindness-as those not overweight. (healthywomen.org)
For testosterone, doctors are afraid that replacing this hormone leads to prostate cancer and cardiovascular risks of heart attack and stroke. (healthwithoutrisk.com)
Additionally, it also increases your risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and stroke. (ombrelab.com)
High blood pressure greatly increases your risk of heart disease and stroke as well as damaged arteries," says Brett Carroll, MD , Director of Vascular Medicine in Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center's CardioVascular Institute and Medical Director of the Aortic Center . (bidmc.org)
Untreated diabetes can lead to heart disease and stroke. (bidmc.org)
After a median follow-up of 17.9 years, there were 291 cases of CVD (coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, or the combination of both). (imsociety.org)

Visceral fat, on the other hand, sits in the abdominal cavity and accumulates around the internal organs. (umhospital.org)
Researchers locate it by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to "see" inside the abdominal cavity. (umich.edu)
Tucked within the abdominal cavity can be stores of fat, packed around internal organs. (lightbearers.org)
One 5-year study reported that eating 10 grams of soluble fiber per day was linked to a 3.7% reduction in the amount of fat in the abdominal cavity (28Trusted Source). (bodybuilding.com)
In one study, 6 weeks of training just the abdominal muscles had no measurable effect on waist circumference or the amount of fat in the abdominal cavity (31Trusted Source). (bodybuilding.com)

It behooves divers to be aware of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis, and of specific measures they can take to mitigate them. (dan.org)
Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)

WHR has been found to be a more efficient predictor of mortality in older people (>75 years of age) than waist circumference or BMI. (wikipedia.org)
NCDs such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, and diabetes are the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, responsible for over 70 per cent of early deaths. (irishpharmacist.ie)
Obesity also contributes to the development and mortality of cardiovascular disease, regardless of other cardiovascular risk factors. (cdlnuclear.com)
Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults in both North America and Europe. (dan.org)
Thus, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommends to country members to use routinely homogeneous cardiovascular likelihood management recommendations and ASCVD likelihood estimate scores in aeromedical risk assessment to help alleviating morbidity and mortality in aeronautical setting (area). (scirp.org)
Long-term supplementation with organic selenium yeast and coenzyme Q10 lowers cardiovascular mortality has a positive influence on the functioning of the heart muscle. (healthandscience.eu)
In 2012, 15 years after the first and mortality from many noncommu- ganization (WHO), recognizing the Expert Consultation on Obesity was nicable diseases (NCDs). (who.int)

Especially the inner abdominal fat, called visceral fat, poses health risks. (umhospital.org)
Because abdominal obesity has such a strong risk-inducing effect, even in people who are overweight or obese based on their BMI, low levels of fat tissue around their midsection and organs may indicate lower cardiovascular disease risks. (cdlnuclear.com)
Abdominal fat has been recognized as the type of fat leading to the highest health risks compared with fat located elsewhere in the body. (clarksnutrition.com)
By understanding the risks involved with the disease and how it's diagnosed, we can start to take steps to combat it and lead a healthier life. (dignityhealth.org)
1), various cardiovascular risks. (imsociety.org)

Aims: Obesity is a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atrial fibrillation (AF). (lu.se)

According to the World Health Organization's data gathering protocol, the waist circumference should be measured at the midpoint between the lower margin of the last palpable ribs and the top of the iliac crest, using a stretch-resistant tape that provides constant 100 g (3.53 oz) tension. (wikipedia.org)

The severity of having one or more aggregated cardiovascular risk factors for metabolic syndrome is known as the metabolic syndrome severity (MetSS), and can be measured with the metabolic syndrome severity score (MetSSS). (biomedcentral.com)

Only imaging methods can determine exactly what proportion of obese abdominal fat is subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. (umhospital.org)
The risk of these NCDs is increased by being overweight and obese, along with osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. (irishpharmacist.ie)
Children and adolescents who were obese from childhood to adulthood were associated with increased risk of many metabolic abnormalities and type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that obese individuals show an unfavorable metabolic profile that is associated with high cardiovascular risk [ 2 , 3 ]. (springeropen.com)
Our society tends to emphasize metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes, type-2 diabetes, and fatty liver with being overweight or obese. (lightbearers.org)
The baffling case of metabolically healthy obese people: Are they protected from chronic diseases? (theconversation.com)
It has been proposed that metabolically healthy obese individuals might be protected against obesity-related diseases. (theconversation.com)

WHR has been shown to be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than simple waist circumference and body-mass index. (wikipedia.org)

It used three indicators of excess weight: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and neck circumference. (medscape.com)
Sitting for more than 8 hours increased the chances of excess weight by 10% when measured by BMI and by 13% when neck circumference was used. (medscape.com)
According to the results of this study, measuring neck circumference may be the most sensitive method of the three. (medscape.com)

To measure waist circumference, the top of the upper-right hip bone (known as the iliac crest) is marked and a measuring tape is passed around the abdomen at this level. (clarksnutrition.com)

Several lifestyle intervention trials have highlighted the fact that increasing physical activity and adopting healthy eating habits can reduce body weight and waist circumference and lower the risk of developing diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. (myhealthywaist.org)

It has not yet been conclusively clarified scientifically why some people tend to put on visceral abdominal fat and others subcutaneous abdominal fat. (umhospital.org)

If you have been told you have coronary heart disease, symptomatic carotid artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, type 2 diabetes, or sleep apnea, you are in the high-health-risk category for the purpose of determining whether you should lose weight. (clarksnutrition.com)
Men between the ages of 65 and 75 who have ever smoked should have a one-time ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm . (bidmc.org)
In addition, men and women over 60 with a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysms should talk with their doctor about getting screened. (bidmc.org)

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of self-measured WC in adults at risk of T2DM and/or CVD, and to determine the anthropometric, demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with bias in self-measured WC. (nih.gov)
The types of diabetes mellitus (diabetes) in children are similar to those in adults, but psychosocial problems are different and can complicate treatment. (msdmanuals.com)

In only 22% of the studies, body fat was directly measured by methods such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. (cdc.gov)
Methods: Anthropometric data from 215 (51.4%) male and 203 (48.6%) female patients seen in Gaborone between 2005 and 2015 were analysed to establish appropriate cut-off points for waist circumference (WC) corresponding to a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2. (bvsalud.org)

The associations of gender, age, educational level, body mass index, smoking status, dietary habits, physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the discrepancies between self-measured and objectively measured WC were analysed using independents t-test and one-way ANOVA. (nih.gov)
The study by American Heart Association has shown that measuring waistline and comparing it to hip size might be a better way to predict heart disease risk than a widely used body mass index. (wikipedia.org)
Results: Regardless of the study group, body mass index (BMI) was the most frequently used measure. (cdc.gov)
Recent data emphasize the importance of abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference, as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of body mass index. (cdlnuclear.com)
Obesity is usually measured using body mass index (BMI). (cdc.gov)
Many practitioners measure a patients' Body Mass Index (BMI) to determine obesity. (ombrelab.com)
Conclusion-- Working longer hours was significantly associated with larger waist circumferences and higher body mass index among male police officers working the midnight shift. (cdc.gov)
Author Manuscript body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference among female clean-room workers for electronic semiconductor production. (cdc.gov)

Exercise also leads to reduced inflammation, lower blood sugar levels, and improvements in other metabolic problems associated with excess abdominal fat (35Trusted Source). (bodybuilding.com)
Excess abdominal fat can be a health hazard. (gurze.com)

However, you can use a tape measure to measure your waist circumference and find out if you have too much belly fat. (umhospital.org)
Practically, however, the waist is more conveniently measured simply at the smallest circumference of the natural waist, usually just above the belly button, and the hip circumference may likewise be measured at its widest part of the buttocks or hip. (wikipedia.org)
It is well established that abdominal fat gain (the pot belly) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, heart attack and type 2 diabetes. (healthwithoutrisk.com)
Even if a person doesn't gain much weight, the waistline increases as more deposits of visceral belly fat push out against the abdominal wall. (umich.edu)
Waist circumference can be measured by placing a tape measure around your waist at the top of your hipbone, which is usually at the level of your belly button. (theinterview.ng)
Losing abdominal fat, or belly fat, is a common weight loss goal. (bodybuilding.com)
Lose belly fat: Here's how to fight your stubborn abdominal fat! (almased.co.uk)
Abdominal obesity results in an enlarged belly. (gurze.com)

For women, a waist circumference of 80 centimetres or more is associated with an increased health risk. (umhospital.org)
The United States National Institutes of Health and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey used results obtained by measuring at the top of the iliac crest. (wikipedia.org)
The relationship between abdominal fat and cardiovascular outcomes demonstrates unequivocally that visceral fat is a health hazard. (cdlnuclear.com)
However, the more risk factors you have, the greater is the likelihood that you will develop cardiovascular disease - unless you control your involuntary health conditions and adopt a healthy lifestyle. (dan.org)
Health concerns about overweight are actually concerns about the effects of excess body fat on disease or the risk of disease. (clarksnutrition.com)
People with weight-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, and those who have high risk for those diseases, may need to lose weight, even if they are only moderately overweight, in order to promote optimal health. (clarksnutrition.com)
Having three or more of these factors will result in a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and will increase your risk of health complications including type 2 diabetes. (healthline.com)
Consequently, obesity has increased the economic burden on the health care system due to hospitalizations and drug prescriptions for obesity-related diseases [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
There are many serious, chronic health consequences of obesity like heart (cardiovascular) disease, type 2 diabetes and sleep apnoea. (resmed.co.uk)
By keeping those numbers within a healthy range, you can greatly improve your heart health and reduce your risk for heart disease. (theinterview.ng)
Unknown is whether CRF attenuates health risk for a given level of abdominal visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and/or waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
Although both abdominal fat and low CRF are significant predictors of health risk, the independent contribution of these two factors is not firmly established. (diabetesjournals.org)
These studies described interventions for improving diet or physical activity as indicators of health promotion and disease prevention and that reported significant improvement in clinical outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Education and community-based programs in disease prevention and health promotion played an important role in achieving Healthy People 2010 (1) goals and are of continued importance in attaining Healthy People 2020 goals, especially among minority populations (2). (cdc.gov)
It is also a critical factor associated with the progression of metabolic syndrome, which increases your risk of developing cardiovascular disease and other chronic health conditions. (reliv.com)
There are many species that could provide potential cardiovascular health solutions that others can't. (ombrelab.com)
Blood pressure and cardiovascular health. (zmescience.com)
Also in the same Journal of Sport and Health Science , it was found that patients with cardiovascular disease who performed HIIT showed improved functional capacity and quality of life without increasing medical risk. (zmescience.com)
With regard to food consumption, there is strong and consistent evidence that good nutrition from birth brings great health benefits and the potential to reduce the future risk of cardiovascular disease 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)
Disruptions in metabolic health are associated with health problems and chronic diseases. (signos.com)
Obesity and weight gain can hinder cardiovascular health. (signos.com)
Maintaining healthy body weight and low abdominal fat can contribute to metabolic health. (signos.com)
Improving Brain Health for Populations Disproportionately Affected by Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. (cdc.gov)
Background: Results of previous studies on the effect on glycaemic control of anthropometric measures of obesity, some economic status variables and the presence of metabolic syndrome are not consistent and appear to differ among health institutions. (bvsalud.org)
In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)

Growing awareness of the role of a healthful diet and physical activity in reducing chronic disease has greatly increased the volume of recent literature on the subject, so that many reviews (6-9) are now outdated. (cdc.gov)
So, over the past few years, researchers have gone to work to find out who can be defined as MHO, and to what extent people with MHO are protected from chronic disease. (theconversation.com)
An emerging consensus has been that although MHO individuals show some protection from chronic disease, they still seem to be significantly less protected than those who are metabolically healthy and lean. (theconversation.com)
A review published in 2016 says that HIIT strategies for stable patients with chronic disease carry only a small risk when the prescribed exercise protocols are followed. (zmescience.com)
A questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk-factor surveillance was used to collect study participants' data. (bvsalud.org)
He explained that the concept of an increased risk of death or chronic disease due to lack of physical activity arose in the past 50 years, but only in the past two decades have we started thinking about sitting time. (medscape.com)

Being overweight increases your risk for many diseases. (healthywomen.org)

Evidence from the conducted studies has revealed that abdominal obesity (assessed based on the waist circumference) plays a very important role in the development of metabolic disorders and in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. (hindawi.com)
All of the above-mentioned disorders contribute to metabolic syndrome and are related to the development of type 2 diabetes and ischaemic heart disease. (hindawi.com)
Complications include cardiovascular disorders. (msdmanuals.com)

The stress hormone cortisol is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and has been associated with higher levels of abdominal fat and therefore a higher WHR. (wikipedia.org)
Dementia (A recent study of individuals in their early 40s with the highest levels of abdominal fat, compared with those who had the least abdominal fat at the same age, were nearly three times more likely to develop dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, by their mid-70s to early 80s. (umich.edu)

According to the 2005 IDF criteria, subsequently revised in 2009, abdominal obesity is identified as the waist circumference of ≥80 cm in women and ≥94 cm in men. (hindawi.com)
Additionally, more than twice as many African American women (13.1%) as white women (6.1%) have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. (cdc.gov)
Abdominal obesity is classified as a waist circumference of more than 88 cm in women and more than 102 cm in men. (resmed.co.uk)
Measures of above 40 inches (102 cm) in men and 35 inches (88 cm) in women are known as abdominal obesity (2). (bodybuilding.com)
The findings indicate that maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding abdominal obesity may protect against developing heart failure, especially among women who experience late menopause. (worldhealth.net)
People with this predisposition are mostly premenopausal women who accumulate subcutaneous body fat in the hips rather than the waist (pear-shaped). (theconversation.com)
Indeed, many women with abdominal obesity have a healthy BMI. (imsociety.org)
More women than men die of cardiovascular disease. (healthandscience.eu)
According to the International Diabetes Federation (2), waist circumference should not exceed 94 cm in men and 80 cm in women. (gurze.com)
For women, a waist circumference greater than 88 cm. (signos.com)

About 4790 deaths recorded in the same year aside the many undiagnosed cases in Africa, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounted for 90-95% of all diagnosed cases [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The status of glycaemic control and some of its determinants was investigated among adult black patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH).Method: A random sample of 176 adult black South African patients with T2DM attending the diabetic clinic at DGMAH was investigated in the current study. (bvsalud.org)

But when diagnoses of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or fatty liver are given to skinny people the first question is usually, "Why? (lightbearers.org)

Inner abdominal fat is particularly metabolically active. (umhospital.org)
The fact that people with MHO still have a relatively higher disease risk led some researchers to suggest that the term "metabolically healthy obesity" could be a misnomer. (theconversation.com)
Therefore, metabolically healthy people are considered to have optimal waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid (HDL and triglycerides) and not taking any related medication. (signos.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms2

Diseases44

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment74

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science7

Named Groups10

Health Care67

Geographicals30

Adipose tissue9

Ratio29

Prevalence8

Hypertension15

Coronary artery4

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease4

Insulin24

Greater than 35 inches2

Adiposity13

Metabolic Diseases3

Centers for Diseas4

Measurement11

Cholesterol14

High waist circumference1

Increase the risk of developing cardiovascul1

Indices1

Indicator3

Reduce abdominal fat4

Intra-abdominal fat1

Unhealthy6

Measurements8

Possibility of cardiovascular diseases2

Stroke9

Cavity5

Atherosclerosis2

Mortality7

Risks5

CVDs1

World Health Organization's1

Aggregated cardiovascular risk1

Obese6

Predictor of cardiovascular1

Neck circumference3

Abdomen1

Risk of developi1

Visceral abdominal fat1

Aortic3

Adults2

Methods2

Body Mass8

Excess abdominal fat2

Belly8

Health25

Chronic Disease6

Increases your risk1

Disorders3

Levels of abdominal fat2

Women10

T2DM2

Fatty1

Metabolically3