Type bacterial secretion systems. Medical search. Frequent questions

The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a multiprotein device that has emerged as an important fitness and virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria through the injection of effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via a contractile mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
While some effector proteins specifically target bacterial or eukaryotic cells, others can target both types of cells (trans-kingdom effectors). (frontiersin.org)
Both systems export the Hcp ( H aemolysin- C oregulated P rotein) and presumably a class of proteins named Vgr ( V al- G ly R epeats), whose exact function is still speculative. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to Vgr and Hcp proteins, the actual hallmark of this novel system is the presence of an AAA+ Clp-like ATPase and of two additional genes icmF and dotU , encoding homologs of T4SS stabilising proteins [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Secretion in bacterial species means the transport or translocation of effector molecules for example: proteins, enzymes or toxins (such as cholera toxin in pathogenic bacteria e.g. (wikipedia.org)
They include: direct protein translocation across the plasma membrane likely through membrane transport proteins blebbing lysosomal secretion release via exosomes derived from multivesicular bodies In addition, proteins can be released from cells by mechanical or physiological wounding and through non-lethal, transient oncotic pores in the plasma membrane induced by washing cells with serum-free media or buffers. (wikipedia.org)
Some secreted proteins are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane by the SecYEG translocon, one of two translocation systems, which requires the presence of an N-terminal signal peptide on the secreted protein. (wikipedia.org)
Many secreted proteins are particularly important in bacterial pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Type I secretion system transports various molecules, from ions, drugs, to proteins of various sizes (20 - 900 kDa). (wikipedia.org)
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are essential virulence factors used by many Gram-negative bacteria to inject proteins that make eukaryotic host cells accessible to invasion. (nih.gov)
The 3D structure of one of these toxic proteins, the bacterial RhsA effector, has now been solved by the team of Stefan Raunser along with the team of John Whitney. (mpg.de)
T3S assays performed with T3S-competent Y. enterocolitica or with an isogenic T3S-deficient strain individually expressing the TEM-1 fusions revealed a statistically significant higher level of secretion of 22 fusion proteins relative to RplJ20-TEM-1. (europa.eu)
Thirteen proteins showed a statistically significant higher level of secretion than full-length C. trachomatis RplJ. (europa.eu)
We also tested secretion of 11 out of these 13 proteins when expressed from an arabinose-inducible promoter in Y. enterocolitica, which revealed T3S-dependent secretion of 7 proteins. (europa.eu)
He is working on developing a workflow for prototyping proteins using cell-free systems and machine learning. (imperial.ac.uk)
Proteins comprise a multibillion-dollar industry in enzymes and therapeutics, but bacterial protein production can be costly and inefficient. (biorxiv.org)
The Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type III secretion system (T3SS) is a protein secretion complex in Salmonella that has been engineered to secrete heterologous proteins and addresses the problems associated with bacterial protein production. (biorxiv.org)
In doing so, we successfully created a Salmonella strain that eliminates the need for the inducer reagent and exports proteins at levels comparable to the inducer-activated system, ultimately reducing the cost of T3SS protein production. (biorxiv.org)
This model represents one of several families of proteins related to bacterial flagellar biosynthesis proteins and involved in bacterial type III protein secretion systems. (nih.gov)
Polar targeting of this T4BSS is mediated by two Dot/Icm proteins, DotU and IcmF, that are homologues of the T6SS membrane complex components TssL and TssM, suggesting that the Dot/Icm T4BSS is a hybrid system. (tcdb.org)
Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized with distinct AB structure-function properties. (springer.com)
We found that gp21 and the herpesvirus proteases have similarity with proteins forming the tubes of phage tails and bacterial type VI secretion systems, suggesting their common evolutionary origin. (rcsb.org)
The bacterial type II secretion system delivers harmful proteins which can have devastating effects on animals, humans and plants. (ukri.org)
We also aim to determine the organisation of domains in the periplasm, and this will help us to understand how specific proteins substrates are recruited to the secretion system and how signal is transduced between periplasm and the cytoplasm across the inner membrane assembly complex. (ukri.org)
The assembly platform (comprising proteins CEFLM) is at the centre of the secretion system and interacts with the outer membrane secretin D via the periplasmic domains of CLM and with the cytoplasmic ATPase E via the cytoplasmic domain of L. At the heart of the assembly platform is the potential rotor protein F which facilitates the assembly of the short periplasmic pilus comprising the major pilin G and initiation pilins IJK. (ukri.org)
Here we present formulation and immunogenicity studies for the three type III secretion system (TTSS) needle proteins MxiHΔ5, PrgIΔ5 and BsaLΔ5 (each truncated by five residues at its C terminus) as potential candidates for vaccine development. (ku.edu)
Protein secretion systems are molecular machines used by bacterial cells to translocate specific sets of proteins out of the bacterial cell, either to the extracellular milieu or directly into target cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic. (dundee.ac.uk)
Secretion systems, and the diverse proteins that they secrete, represent key virulence factors against eukaryotic host organisms. (dundee.ac.uk)
Our largest research area is the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) , which is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is a complex, dynamic nanomachine which 'fires' toxic effector proteins into target cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
A family of Type VI secretion system effector proteins that form ion-selective pores. (dundee.ac.uk)
Nanoinjectors are protein machinery used by bacterial pathogens to inject virulence proteins into human cells to cause infectious diseases . (phys.org)
Nanoinjectors are assembled from about 20 different types of proteins, and parts thereof-like the needle itself and proteins associated with the needle-are surface-exposed," said De Guzman. (phys.org)
A sophisticated, multi-component type III secretion system (T3SS) exports substrate proteins of both the bacterial flagellum and virulence-associated injectisome system of many Gram-negative pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
Unlocking the Mysteries of the Immune System: new Roles of complement proteins in Diabetes and Cancer. (lu.se)
Previous work in this area has been on modeling the assembly structure of the type III secretion system and prediction of the high-resolution structures of homo-oligomeric proteins using limited experimental data from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in order to speed up the process of structure determination. (lu.se)

The Dot/Icm System, the major virulence mechanism of phylogenetically related pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii, is responsible for their intracellular survival and multiplication, conditions that may also apply to P. salmonis. (pucv.cl)
Chlamydia trachomatis are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause ocular and genital infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. (europa.eu)
Using cryo electron microscopy, crystallography, and microbial genetics techniques, the MEM and PATBAC groups of IBS, in collaboration with the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, solved the structure (at approximately 3.5 Å resolution) of two secretins from the emerging pathogens Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophila and characterized the mechanism for their assembly on the bacterial membrane. (ibs.fr)
Plant pathogens relying on the type II secretion system such as Dickeya, Pectobacterium and Xanthomonascause are responsible for devastating crop loss in the UK and Europe. (ukri.org)
These pathogens express a type III secretion system molecular syringe that injects bacterial effectors into the target cells, subverting host pathways and allowing successful colonisation, thus making C. rodentium an invaluable tool to investigate virulence mechanisms, mucosal immunity and host adaptation. (imperial.ac.uk)
Overall my research aims to elucidate how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are able to successfully cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
All together, these areas contribute towards a better understanding of how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens interact with each other and with the host organism to proliferate and cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
We study a number of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, mostly members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including the human pathogens Serratia marcescens , E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , and the plant pathogens Erwinia spp. (dundee.ac.uk)
Most people have heard of the diseases caused by bacterial pathogens that employ nanoinjectors-several of which have changed the course of the human experience for the worse. (phys.org)
Further, we study how intracellular C3 contributes to recognition and clearance of intracellular bacterial pathogens. (lu.se)
Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
Thus, throughout human history microbial pathogens have evolved strategies to manipulate and avoid our immune system - a requisite for their ability to establish and maintain infection. (lu.se)

The availability of hundreds of bacterial genomes allowed a comparative genomic study of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), recently discovered as being involved in pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent reports demonstrated the importance of T6SS in pathogenesis of several bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
Giannella RA (1981) Pathogenesis of acute bacterial diarrheal disorders. (springer.com)
We study host-pathogen interactions whereby bacteria harness the host immune system to promote disease, studies that may provide knowledge into disease pathogenesis as well as fundamental aspects of immune regulation and function. (lu.se)

Complex interactions between Gram-negative bacteria and their environment are facilitated by numerous surface-attached and exported macromolecules, some of which represent bacterial toxins and effectors. (biomedcentral.com)
The genes encoding T6SS have been reported a few years ago as being present in different bacterial species, although it was not clear at that time whether those genes act together or are important in bacteria-host interactions [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Secretion is not unique to eukaryotes - it is also present in bacteria and archaea as well. (wikipedia.org)
Gram-negative bacteria have two membranes, thus making secretion topologically more complex. (wikipedia.org)
There are at least six specialized secretion systems in gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, as it happens in other referential bacterial systems, temporal acidification of cell-free media results in over expression of all four P. salmonis genes, a well-known strategy by which SSTIV-containing bacteria inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion to survive. (pucv.cl)
This asymmetry is maintained by the Mla pathway, a six-component system that is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is thought to mediate retrograde transport of misplaced phospholipids from the outer leaflet of the OM to the cytoplasmic membrane 4 . (nature.com)
However, behind this seemingly selfless act lies a complex system by which the bacteria try to occupy a biological niche by eliminating their competitors. (mpg.de)
For this purpose, bacteria have developed a whole arsenal of poisons and a variety of injection systems to prepare them for battle. (mpg.de)
One of the most widely-used injection machinery in Gram-negative bacteria is the type VI secretion system. (mpg.de)
Bacteria use these harpoons called Type VI secretion systems to inject toxins into nearby cells. (diamond.ac.uk)
Bacteria have developed different secretion systems that allow them to secrete toxins to the outside of the cell. (ibs.fr)
These are assembled by the so-called chaperone-usher (CU) pathway, one of the best-characterised secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria [1] . (esrf.fr)
Shrivastava's proposal, titled "Dynamics of the bacterial type IX secretion system and its effect on biofilm formation by bacteria of the human microbiome," earned him an NIH fellowship to study bacterial motion and gliding bacteria's type IX protein secretion system (T9SS). (harvard.edu)
Bacterial Meningitis in Newborns Bacterial meningitis is inflammation of the layers of tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meninges) caused by bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Bacterial Infections in Children Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. (msdmanuals.com)

BteA, a 69-kDa cytotoxic protein, is a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector in the classical Bordetella, the etiological agents of pertussis and related mammalian respiratory diseases. (nih.gov)
The Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence determinant associated with acute Pseudomonas infection. (vt.edu)
However, the current best practices method of T3SS pathway activation for secretion is not ideal for industrial scaleup. (biorxiv.org)
We solve this problem by engineering the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type III secretion system (T3SS) to export the target protein into the cell growth media. (biorxiv.org)
Its virulence determinants include many factors such as antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and type III secretion system (T3SS) which correlate with disease severity. (bvsalud.org)
Our goal is to determine the molecular architecture of the type III secretion system (T3SS), where non-structural as well as low and high-resolution structural information are available. (lu.se)

One of the many bacterial weapons in this inevitable battle is the type VI secretion system (T6SS), which transports toxic effectors into enemies. (mpg.de)
These effectors manipulate host cell processes to enable e. g. bacterial invasion, acquisition of nutrients, inhibition of apoptosis, or interference with immune signalling. (europa.eu)
For this, specifically we aimed to (i) identify novel C. trachomatis type III secretion (T3S) effectors and (ii) further understand the secretion and function of known effectors. (europa.eu)
To screen for novel T3S effectors of C. trachomatis, we used Yersinia enterocolitica as a genetically tractable surrogate bacterial species assembling a T3S apparatus, which has been shown to recognise heterologous T3S substrates. (europa.eu)
Legionella pneumophila survives and replicates inside host cells by secreting ~300 effectors through the defective in organelle trafficking (Dot)/intracellular multiplication (Icm) type IVB secretion system (T4BSS). (tcdb.org)

We already observed a very similar strategy in bacterial Tc toxins. (mpg.de)
An important element of many of these machines is secretin, a membrane protein that forms a pore on the bacterial surface allowing toxins to escape. (ibs.fr)
Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distant from the site. (springer.com)
Bacterial toxins also catalyze the non-covalent modification of host protein function or can modify host cell properties through direct protein-protein interactions. (springer.com)
Bacterial toxins are often characterized based upon the secretion mechanism that delivers the toxin out of the bacterium, termed types I-VII. (springer.com)
This review summarizes the major families of bacterial toxins and also describes the specific structure-function properties of the botulinum neurotoxins. (springer.com)
It is increasingly becoming recognised that protein secretion systems can also be important mediators of competition between bacterial cells, with such systems delivering anti-bacterial toxins. (dundee.ac.uk)
We are interested in the molecular mechanisms and regulation of the T6SS machinery, but also in the identification and characterisation of new anti-bacterial toxins secreted by the system. (dundee.ac.uk)

Piscirickettsia salmonis is a fish bacterial pathogen that has severely challenged the sustainability of the Chilean salmon industry since its appearance in 1989. (pucv.cl)
Coxiella burnetii is a bacterial pathogen of both ruminant livestock and human beings, and most human Q Fever outbreaks have been blamed on ruminant livestock. (usda.gov)
Coxiella burnetii, a highly adapted obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen and the cause of the zoonosis Q fever, is a re-emerging public health threat. (usda.gov)
It has recenly been demonstrated that the type II secretion system is very important for nosocomial pathogen survival in humans where multi-drug resistance has developed. (ukri.org)
For many of our studies we use the potent anti-bacterial T6SS of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens as a model system. (dundee.ac.uk)
A bacterial pathogen uses distinct type III secretion systems to alternate between host kingdoms. (osu.edu)

Interestingly, while both systems have been linked to virulence and host colonization in S . Dublin, an antibacterial activity has not been detected for T6SS SPI-6 in this serotype. (frontiersin.org)
In a series of earlier collaborative projects, the scientists have already gained a lot of knowledge about how the T6SS injection system works. (mpg.de)
More commonly, however, the target is rival bacterial cells, making the T6SS a key player in inter-bacterial competition and competitive fitness, and therefore an indirect virulence factor. (dundee.ac.uk)

In order to cross two bacterial membranes, those molecules are transported by nanomachineries, called secretion systems, which may be more or less complex in terms of their composition and regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
The bacterial type II secretion system spans the two membranes of the Gram-negative cell wall. (ukri.org)
Secretion is achieved by an inner-membrane complex assembling a short pilus to push the recruited effector from the periplasm (the space between the two membranes) through the gated pore in the outer-membrane. (ukri.org)

In Vibrio cholerae , infection by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) results in the conversion of non-pathogenic strains to pathogenic strains and this can lead to cholera pandemics. (nature.com)
This process of inducing virulence in an otherwise harmless bacterium through prophage infection and integration of the prophage genome into the bacterial host genome is called lysogenic conversion 8 . (nature.com)
The human urinary tract is one of the most common sites of bacterial infection and most of them are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). (esrf.fr)
Mice deficient in NLRP3 or caspase-1/11 were similar to wild-type mice in the development and resolution of splenomegaly, histologic lesions and macrophage kinetics, but a suggestion of slightly higher pulmonary bacterial burdens at peak infection. (usda.gov)
Moreover, impairment of the type II secretion system has been shown to allow the innate immune system to clear infection. (ukri.org)
Pediatric bacterial meningitis is a serious illness resulting from bacterial meninges infection. (medscape.com)
In the US, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, B, and C. While each can produce similar symptoms, each hepatitis virus affects the liver differently, has different routes of transmission and infection, and typically affects different populations. (cdc.gov)
Sepsis and Septic Shock Sepsis is a serious bodywide response to bacteremia or another infection plus malfunction or failure of an essential system in the body. (msdmanuals.com)
The risk for infection with MDR organisms appears to depend much more on specific risk factors of the given patient than on contact with various aspects of the healthcare system. (medscape.com)
HAP is a common nosocomial bacterial infection and is most prevalent in medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs). (medscape.com)
Compared with other persons with monkeypox, case reports among persons with inadequately treated HIV who have CD4 counts ≤350 per mm3 reported higher rates of secondary bacterial infection, more prolonged illness (and thereby also longer period of infectiousness), as well as a higher likelihood of a confluent or partially confluent rash, rather than discrete lesions. (cdc.gov)
Antiretroviral therapy does not cure HIV infection but suppresses viral replication within a person's body and allows an individual's immune system to strengthen and regain the capacity to fight off infections. (who.int)

Bacterial infections caused by Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium and Burkholderia pseudomallei are currently difficult to prevent due to the lack of a licensed vaccine. (ku.edu)
Also, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the number one cause of mortality among cystic fibrosis patients and a major source of secondary hospital infections, and Chlamydia, a major source of bacterial sexually transmitted disease . (phys.org)
Our group is dedicated to studying the role of the immune system in infections, diabetes, and cancer. (lu.se)
Vaccination can help prevent certain bacterial infections that cause meningitis. (msdmanuals.com)
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets cells in the immune system - the body's defence against illness - and weakens the body's ability to fight against infections and some types of cancer. (who.int)
In ligation of the parotid duct, the duct can be ligated so as to cause atrophy of the gland and prevent ascending bacterial infections from entering the mouth. (medscape.com)

Sanowar S, Singh P, Pfuetzner RA, Andre I, Zheng H, Spreter T, Strynadka NC, Baker D, Goodlett DR and Miller S. Interactions of the Transmembrane Polymeric Rings of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Type III Secretion System. (lu.se)

Genome sequencing of the RIMD2210633 pandemic genicity-related genes were laterally transferred from the strain showed that it has 2 sets of gene clusters that en- pandemic strain to one of the different V. parahaemolyticus code the type III secretion system (TTSS) apparatus ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
The bacterium contains the gene clusters for the type III secretion system (TTSS), which are essential for its pathogenicity. (bvsalud.org)

New research sheds light onto how different bacterial species can build complex nano-harpoons with different protein building blocks. (diamond.ac.uk)
Bacterial species can also be motile and employ various means to accomplish this such as flagella. (wikibooks.org)
In some bacterial species, the flagella twine together helically outside the cell body to form a bundle large enough to be visible in a light microscope . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The system was also capable of specifically detecting the BglI digested-DNA fragment of B. pseudomallei species with significantly higher signal than B. thailandensis. (bvsalud.org)
These low and high-resolution data sets originates from T3SSes from different species and can also be collected from other structurally homologous systems, such as the flagella. (lu.se)

Despite a wealth of other structural and biochemical information, little is known about how pilus formation is orchestrated at the bacterial cell surface. (esrf.fr)
We anticipate capturing the secretion system in different states and to be able to model the structural transitions between states. (ukri.org)
The structural similarity of cilia and eukaryote flagella, and the substantial differences between flagella in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, is such that some authorities group cilia and eukaryote flagella together and consider cilium simply a special type of flagellum-one organized such that many flagella (cilia) may work in synchrony (Patterson 2000). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Yet, for these systems ample non-structural data is typically available providing a wealth of lower resolution information. (lu.se)

The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a unique bilayer that forms an efficient permeation barrier to protect the cell from noxious compounds 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Three systems are known to maintain OM lipid asymmetry: the OM phospholipase A 2 PldA 7 , the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) palmitoyl transferase PagP 8 and the Mla (maintenance of outer membrane lipid asymmetry) system. (nature.com)
In addition, the Mla system was recently shown to regulate outer membrane vesicle formation 16 . (nature.com)
Type 1 pili consist of many individual subunits that are polymerised at the outer membrane by a specific assembly platform, the usher. (esrf.fr)
Two black lines indicate the position of the usher within the bacterial outer-membrane. (esrf.fr)

The upper lobe isolate, for instance, contains a SNP in the ciprofloxacin target topoisomerase parE and a SNP in exsD, a key negative regulator of the type 3 secretion system, which is among the most potent bacterial virulence factors. (genomeweb.com)

Based on their finding of strong signals of genetic compartmentalization, regional isolates with similar protein expression profiles, and spatially distinct distribution of bacterial phenotypes, the researchers said that their study indicates that isolation in different lung regions helped drive the diversification of P. aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. (genomeweb.com)
Flagella in archaebacteria are distinct from both of those types. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

VZV is transmitted from person to person by a) direct contact, droplet, or aerosol from vesicular fluid of skin lesions or b) secretions from the respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
In daycare centers, respiratory organisms spread easily through large droplet transmission among young children with poor hygienic habits who share toys contaminated with respiratory secretions or saliva. (cdc.gov)
Aspiration pneumonia results from aspiration of colonized upper respiratory tract secretions. (medscape.com)

We are supported by our collaborator who can reverse engineer the type II secretion system in the bacterium to confirm the importance of the interactions we see in our experiments in the live bacterium. (ukri.org)

The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the plasma membrane called porosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Secretion is a very important mechanism in bacterial functioning and operation in their natural surrounding environment for adaptation and survival. (wikipedia.org)

Acute bacterial meningitis. (medscape.com)
Acute Bacterial Meningitis Acute bacterial meningitis is rapidly developing inflammation of the layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord (meninges) and of the fluid-filled space between the meninges (subarachnoid. (msdmanuals.com)
Inflammation in either type of rhinitis may induce an episode of acute rhinosinusitis in a patient predisposed because of blockages in functionally important intranasal passages. (medscape.com)

The mechanical squeezing and the parasympathetic nervous system, which analyzes a number of sensory inputs, cause the glands to inject an appropriate quantity and quality of saliva into the oral cavity. (medscape.com)

First evidence of bacterial translocation from the intestinal tract as a route of Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia. (microbiologyresearch.org)

2022) Alternative splicing encodes novel intracellular CD59 isoforms that mediate insulin secretion and are downregulated in diabetic islets. (lu.se)

Furthermore, the structure of a complex I assembly intermediate and mutant (structure solved at 4.0 Å resolution) provide detailed molecular insights into complex I assembly and the cause of a hereditary complex I-linked disease, which has been shown to cause the Leigh's disease in humans with various types of mutations. (mpg.de)
Research has shown that the entire system consists of a protein complex that forms a large chamber that is anchored into the membrane. (diamond.ac.uk)
We are also working from the top down using the full secretion system, for instance we recently produced the initiation complex in the E. coli IHE3034 system by deleting the major pilin subunit G and introducing the substrate SslE. (ukri.org)
Molecular disection of type IVB secretion system core complex. (nii.ac.jp)

C. burnetii is unable to inhibit pyroptosis and IL-1' secretion induced by potent inflammasome stimuli but rather enhanced these caspase-1-mediated effects. (usda.gov)

This report provides evidence of the functional presence in P. salmonis of four genes homologous to those described for Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion Systems. (pucv.cl)

Tissues that produce secretions include the gastrointestinal tract which secretes digestive enzymes and gastric acid, the lungs which secrete surfactants, and sebaceous glands which secrete sebum to lubricate the skin and hair. (wikipedia.org)

Dissecting the bacterial type VI secretion system by a genome wide in silico analysis: what can be learned from available microbial genomic resources? (biomedcentral.com)

Eukaryotic cells, including human cells, have a highly evolved process of secretion. (wikipedia.org)

Vibrio cholerae) from across the interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell to its exterior. (wikipedia.org)
475 in 2007 ( 6 ) (http://epi.minsal.cl/epi/html/Actualidad/ been found only in strains showing -type hemolysis on Vibrio.htm). (cdc.gov)
RÉSUMÉ Au cours des dix dernières années, l'importance des souches de Vibrio cholerae non-O1 et non-O139 a été mise en avant à l'échelle mondiale. (who.int)

In microbiology, they are known as part of the type III secretion system, a protein delivery machinery. (phys.org)

Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the VITEK-2 system and biofilm quantification was performed by the microtiter plate assay with crystal violet staining. (bvsalud.org)

This epidemiologic setting substantially differs from that of large families in that the latter include children of different ages and therefore, at any given time, only a fraction of siblings belong to the age group at enhanced risk for bacterial colonization and invasion, which limits the chances to acquire and transmit the organism. (cdc.gov)

Bacterial flagella are entirely outside the cell membrane (plasma membrane) and are normally visible only with the aid of an electron microscope . (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The lytic enzymes secreted through this system destroy plant tissues and threaten food security. (ukri.org)
Biological agents include dusts from animal danders and secretions, insects and crustaceans, vegetable gums, and plant bacterial enzymes. (cdc.gov)

Multiple mechanisms of competition exist, both contact-dependent, such as the Type VI secretion system, and contact-independent, such as the production of diffusible secondary metabolites, including classical antibiotics. (dundee.ac.uk)

At least four nonclassical (unconventional) protein secretion pathways have been described. (wikipedia.org)

Type I secretion is a chaperone dependent secretion system employing the Hly and Tol gene clusters. (wikipedia.org)

Lined by stratified squamous epithelium, the tissues of the mouth are often involved when individuals have conditions affecting the GI system. (medscape.com)

cytoplasmic loop= residues 90-94 inside) during biogenesis of the Agrobacterium VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system. (tcdb.org)

Autonomic imbalance favoring the parasympathetic system increases nasal blood flow, edema, and secretions, creating an overall presentation of rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. (medscape.com)

C. burnetii employs a Type IV secretion system (T4SS) to establish and maintain its intracellular niche and to modulate host immune responses including the inhibition of apoptosis, a form of caspase-mediated cell death. (usda.gov)
Children who have a weakened immune system, such as those with AIDS or those who have received chemotherapy, are more susceptible to meningitis. (msdmanuals.com)
The virus destroys white blood cells in the immune system called CD4 cells and replicates itself inside these cells. (who.int)

Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. (wikipedia.org)
Many human cell types have the ability to be secretory cells. (wikipedia.org)
Matthew is working on a joint research collaboration with Richard Murray's lab at Caltech and funded by the NSF and EPSRC, the project is focused on developing new metrology for synthetic biology cell free systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
Caoimhe's project is focused on developing metrology standards for mammalian cell-free systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
The projects feature state-of-the-art methods for the investigation of cell biology, such as flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, protein interaction analyses using the proximity-ligation assay and Biacore, and genetic manipulation employing the Cas9/CRISPR system. (lu.se)
We have also found that CD59 is essential for secretion from other cell types such as neurons. (lu.se)

Additionally, our study looks into the importance of CD59 in insulin secretion and its relevance to diabetes. (lu.se)

Chemicals and Drugs2

Phenomena and Processes1

Proteins35

Pathogens12

Pathogenesis4

Bacteria16

T3SS6

Effectors5

Toxins8

Pathogen6

T6SS3

Membranes3

Infection12

Infections6

Salmonella1

TTSS2

Species5

Structural4

Outer membrane5

Virulence factors1

Distinct2

Respiratory3

Bacterium1

Mechanism2

Acute3

Inject1

Translocation1

20221

Complex4

Potent1

Homologous1

Secrete1

Genome1

Eukaryotic1

Vibrio3

Microbiology1

Biofilm1

Colonization1

Plasma membrane1

Enzymes2

Mechanisms1

Pathways1

Gene clusters1

Tissues1

Biogenesis1

Parasympathetic system1

Immune3

Cell6

Insulin1