AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceGeographicals
Apolipoprotein C-IApolipoproteins CApolipoprotein C-IIILipoproteins, VLDLTriglyceridesApolipoprotein A-IApolipoproteins EApolipoprotein B-100Apolipoproteins BApolipoprotein E4Apolipoprotein E3Apolipoprotein A-IIApolipoproteinsApolipoprotein C-IIApolipoproteins AApolipoprotein B-48Apolipoprotein E2Lipoproteins, HDLCholesterolApoprotein(a)LipoproteinsLipoproteins, LDLLipoprotein(a)LipidsApolipoproteins DReceptors, LDLAtherosclerosisLiverArteriosclerosisMice, KnockoutCholesterol, HDLMice, Inbred C57BLLipid MetabolismRNA, MessengerMolecular Sequence DataCholesterol, LDLPhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1KoreaRepublic of KoreaSeoul virusNeurodegenerative Diseases
APOEAtherosclerosisMacrophagesLipidsAlleleLipoproteinsLipoproteinApoB2023ProteinSecretionTriglyceridesTransgenicAbstractEffluxGenotypeAlzheimer'sMiceObesityAPOE4Metabolism2017Type 2 diabetSerumMetabolic syndromeProteinsPathwaysDeficiencyDiabetesMicrosomalAbnormalHumansInflammationHepaticCytoplasmPredictsDepositionFattyAbdominalABCA1VariantsVascularBlood vesselsArteriesPathologicDietaryDementiaSubtypes
APOE23
  • Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
  • This review will summarize the updated research progress on APOE functions and its role in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, vascular dementia, and ischemic stroke. (dovepress.com)
  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a glycoprotein that is 299 amino acids long. (dovepress.com)
  • 2 In the blood, APOE protein could interact with lipids, resulting in lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). (dovepress.com)
  • 3 In this review, we discuss the biological functions of human APOE and its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), vascular dementia (VD), and ischemic (occlusive) stroke (IS). (dovepress.com)
  • The APOE gene provides instructions for making a protein called apolipoprotein E. This protein combines with fats (lipids) in the body to form molecules called lipoproteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is thought that the apolipoprotein E produced from the e4 allele of the APOE gene may disrupt the transport of a protein called alpha-synuclein into and out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People who carry at least one copy of the APOE e4 allele have an increased chance of developing atherosclerosis, which is an accumulation of fatty deposits and scar-like tissue in the lining of the arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most people with this disorder have two copies of the APOE e2 allele, leading researchers to conclude that the e2 allele plays a critical role in the development of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • vi) APP transgenic mice with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficiency had increased atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This study evaluated the effect of dietary SeMet supplementation within a high fat diet fed apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE) mouse model of atherosclerosis. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • ADAMTS-5 was markedly reduced in atherosclerotic aortas of apolipoprotein E-null (apoE(-/-)) mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • After several decades of study, AD is now considered as a complex disease that results from both genetic and environmental factors, such as age, gender, family history of AD, Down syndrome (DS), and the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene. (hyperthermicwellness.com)
  • Amyloidosis depots contain not only the major fibrillar component but also minor nonfibrillar components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), apolipoprotein E (apoE), and serum amyloid P (SAP) components [ 3 ]. (hyperthermicwellness.com)
  • ApoB containing lipoproteins that also contain apoE (apoE remnants, VLDL) can cause cholesterol accumulation via interaction of apoE with apoE receptors including the LRP1 and the VLDL receptor, which are not regulated by cellular cholesterol. (endotext.org)
  • Furthermore, in AD patients there is a higher prevalence of the ε4 allele, which encodes the E4 variant of apolipoprotein E (APOE). (unifesp.br)
  • This accumulation may be related to the activity exerted by APOE in the Aβ clearance, since the hormones altered by SD are able to regulate the APOE expression. (unifesp.br)
  • After SD, Aβ accumulation and decrease of APOE and its receptor LRP1 were observed in the hippocampus of these animals. (unifesp.br)
  • We found that APOE4 is practically unable to transfer lipids to glia, while other two forms of APOE, APOE2 and APOE3, carry out the transfer effectively," said Bellen, Distinguished Service Professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor. (longevity.technology)
  • Like other apolipoproteins, APOE is involved in lipid binding, and it is the predominant cholesterol transporter in the brain. (j-alz.com)
  • The genetic expression of APOE4 constitutes one of the highest genetic risk factors for developing AD, yet, new mutations are being discovered potentially influencing AD's pathology, hence evidencing the profound impact of the APOE genotype in AD pathophysiology [2]. (lu.se)
  • ApoE interacts with multiple ligands, among them triggering-receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which is greatly implicated in neuroinflammation [5]. (lu.se)
  • Profile and regulation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) expression in the CNS in mice with targeting of green fluorescent protein gene to the ApoE locus. (lu.se)
Atherosclerosis8
  • Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)
  • Atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western societies ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Several findings suggest that atherosclerosis and AD are linked: i) Atherosclerotic vascular disease and AD share common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and apolipoprotein ε4 allele ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • ii) There are reports of a correlation between carotid atherosclerosis and AD ( 7 ) as well as atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis and AD ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The reduction of ADAMTS-5 was accompanied by accumulation of biglycan and versican, the major lipoprotein-binding proteoglycans, in atherosclerosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Jenny Kanter and Karin Bornfeldt of the University of Washington School of Medicine have shown previously that the low insulin levels characteristic of diabetes lead to increased levels of apolipoprotein C3, or APOC3, and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, or TRLs, as well as accelerated atherosclerosis. (asbmb.org)
  • Atherosclerosis, which is believed to be the common pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease, is caused by inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired lipid metabolism [ 2 , 3 ] . (medsci.org)
  • These studies suggest that hyperinsulinemia could promote macrophage foam cell formation and thus may contribute to atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. (ewha.ac.kr)
Macrophages5
  • Excess accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages results in foam cell production and lesion development. (jci.org)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is highly regulated in macrophages and mediates the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoproteins, a process necessary for HDL formation. (jci.org)
  • Concurrent with these results, SeMet supplementation decreased lesion accumulation of M1 inflammatory type macrophages, and decreased the extent of extracellular trap release from phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • APOL1 renal risk variants promote cholesterol accumulation in tissues and cultured macrophages from APOL1 transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
  • Efflux of excessive cholesterol is mediated by Abca1, the major cholesterol efflux system in macrophages, which transfers cholesterol to apolipoprotein A1 on HDL particles. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipids5
  • Accumulation of neutral lipids, such as triglycerides, in key insulin target tissues, has been postulated to inhibit metabolic functions, however, they are less likely to be deleterious. (frontiersin.org)
  • Acanthocytes can be caused by (1) altered distribution or proportions of membrane lipids or by (2) membrane protein or membrane skeleton abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • The alteration in plasma lipids in autosomal recessive abetalipoproteinemia caused by the absence of beta-apolipoprotein is best described. (medscape.com)
  • Neurons try to avoid the damage by secreting these lipids, and apolipoproteins (proteins that transport lipids) finish the job by ferrying them to glia cells. (longevity.technology)
  • We measured body energy balance, tissue capacity to store exogenous lipids, lipogenesis and lipolysis rates in non-transgenic and apoCIII overexpressing mice fed a HFD during two months. (biomedcentral.com)
Allele6
  • those who inherit two copies of the allele are at even greater risk. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These diseases share common risk factors, which are exhibited in old age, including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and apolipoprotein (Apo) ε4 allele. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Apolipoprotein E gene allele 4 (APOE4) is a major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). (j-alz.com)
  • With regards to the gender, evidence indicate that the APOE4 risk for AD is greater in women, especially in heterozygous individuals carrying one APOE4 allele [2]. (j-alz.com)
  • Risk of Alzheimer disease is substantially increased in people with two epsilon-4 alleles and may be decreased in those who have the epsilon-2 allele. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For people with two epsilon-4 alleles, risk of developing Alzheimer disease by age 75 is about 10 to 30 times that for people without the allele. (msdmanuals.com)
Lipoproteins8
  • Plasma phospholipid levels are very low, while plasma apolipoprotein B, chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are absent. (medscape.com)
  • However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
  • Apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) has been identified to play an important role in lipid metabolism, specifically in triglyceride (TG) and TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study explored the hypothesis that significant abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived lipoproteins are present in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: To investigate the kinetics of ApoB-48- and ApoB-100-containing lipoproteins, we performed a secondary analysis of 11 overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who were treated with lifestyle counselling and on a stable dose of metformin who were from an earlier clinical study, and compared these with 11 control participants frequency-matched for age, BMI and sex. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived ApoB-48-containing lipoproteins in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statins may help to explain the residual risk of CVD and may be suitable targets for interventions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Modifications of apoB containing lipoproteins induce significant cholesterol accumulation via a number of mechanisms. (endotext.org)
  • These patients generally present a pattern characterized by high concentrations of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) and a reduction in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) called atherogenic dyslipidemia [ 2 , 5 ]. (jabonline.in)
Lipoprotein5
  • Recently, several studies verified that apoA5 could significantly reduce plasma TG level by stimulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and the intracellular role of apoA5 has also been proved since apoA5 is associated with cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) and affects intrahepatic TG accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the mechanisms leading to proteoglycan accumulation and lipoprotein retention are poorly understood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CXCL16, which was originally described as a scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (SR-PSOX), is one of the few scavenger receptors that has two distinct forms: membrane-bound and soluble. (medsci.org)
  • Due to this insulin resistance, there is a greater release of free fatty acids from adipocytes, which in the liver induce an increase in the synthesis of triglycerides and stimulate the production of apolipoprotein B. An increase in the production of triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles is also observed, which increases the concentration of triglycerides in the blood [ 5 , 6 ]. (jabonline.in)
  • Evidences have suggested that proteins primarily related to plasma lipoprotein transport, such as apolipoprotein (apo) CIII and E, may significantly affect the process of body fat accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
ApoB3
  • Compared with control participants, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, chylomicron TG and ApoB-48 levels exhibited an approximately twofold higher response to the fat-rich meal, and a twofold higher increment was observed in ApoB-48 particles in the VLDL1 and VLDL2 density ranges (all p (bvsalud.org)
  • During the postprandial period, ApoB-48 particles accounted for a higher proportion of total VLDL in individuals with type 2 diabetes (44%) compared with control participants (25%), and these ApoB-48 VLDL particles exhibited a fivefold longer residence time in the circulation (p (bvsalud.org)
  • As compared with control participants, the IDL ApoB-100 pool in individuals with type 2 diabetes was higher due to increased conversion from VLDL2. (bvsalud.org)
20231
Protein8
  • Hypoxia inducible lipid droplet-associated (Hilpda, also known as C7orf68 and HIG-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HILPDA gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • PGC-1α overexpression in hepatocytes lowered expression of genes critical to VLDL assembly and secretion (apolipoprotein B and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein). (eurekamag.com)
  • We found this overlap to be largely attributable to the accumulation of high-temperature requirement protein A1 (HTRA1), a serine protease with an established role in the brain vasculature, and several of its substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • APOA1, a secreted protein belonging to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family, participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). (nih.gov)
  • The intracellular lipid level in hepatocytes from fish fed RO diet and DHA diet were higher, and the expressions of the genes for microsomal transfer protein (MTP) and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) were lower, than those in fish fed the two other diets. (nofima.no)
  • This increase in VLDL causes an increase in the hepatic protein cholesterol ester transfer protein, which transfers cholesteryl esters from HDL to apolipoprotein B containing particles VLDL and LDL, reducing HDL concentration. (jabonline.in)
  • This disease is molecularly characterized by the accumulations of neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein and senile plaques formed by aggregates of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). (unifesp.br)
  • Mutations in genes for the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin I, and presenilin II may lead to autosomal dominant forms of Alzheimer disease, typically with early onset. (msdmanuals.com)
Secretion1
  • We have therefore investigated the effects of rapeseed oil (RO) and n-3 rich diets on the accumulation and secretion of H-3-glycerolipids by salmon hepatocytes. (nofima.no)
Triglycerides1
  • Autophagy prevents NAFLD and AFLD progression through enhanced lipid catabolism and decreasing hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and increased inflammation. (hindawi.com)
Transgenic2
  • APOE4-specific changes in Abeta accumulation in a new transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. (lu.se)
  • 2010). We were also the first group to use primary neurons from AD transgenic mice to model Aβ accumulation in culture (Takahashi et al. (lu.se)
Abstract1
  • ABSTRACT In order to test whether hyperlipidaemia and glycaemic control can be improved among diabetes patients by dietary supplementation with purified omega-3 fatty acids, we carried out a double- blind, placebo-controlled trial on 50 type 2 diabetes patients randomized to 2 g/day purified omega-3 fatty acids or placebo for 10 weeks. (who.int)
Efflux2
  • ABCA1 is expressed in many organs and is thought to mediate HDL maturation by facilitating the efflux of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol onto apolipoproteins. (jci.org)
  • The efflux of FC to lipid-poor apolipoproteins or HDL occurs by a number of mechanisms to reduce foam cell formation. (endotext.org)
Genotype2
  • Moreover, apolipoprotein genotype analysis revealed that AD subjects with the E3/E4 alleles had the highest content of mitochondrial APP. (jneurosci.org)
  • In certain subsets of MCI where the disease will progress to Alzheimer disease, one must consider apolipoprotein (APO) E4 genotype: Various pathways exist leading to amyloid accumulation and deposition thought to be associated with Alzheimer disease. (unboundmedicine.com)
Alzheimer's3
  • Altogether, the findings provide new mechanistic insight into factors involved in Alzheimer's disease development, supporting the idea that multiple alterations at the genetic and other cellular levels combine to induce the disease [ 2 ]. (longevity.technology)
  • In previous research, the team connected the neuroprotective mechanism to the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein APOE4. (longevity.technology)
  • We provided the first evidence that age-related pathology in Alzheimer's disease initiates with aberrant accumulation and aggregation of β-amyloid peptides within vulnerable neurons, in particular their neurite terminals (Takahashi RH et al. (lu.se)
Mice4
  • A high-fat and high-cholesterol diet induces overt and latent oxidative damage in hippocampus of mice lacking apolipoprotein E. Open Neuro 12 , 12-18. (uml.edu)
  • Expression of WT macrophage ABCA1 in ABC1 -/- mice resulted in a small but significant increase in apoA-I levels starting 2 weeks after transplantation. (jci.org)
  • However, the adipose tissue mass (45 %) and leptin plasma levels (2-fold) were significantly greater in apoCIII mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipogenesis rates were similar, while exogenous lipid retention was increased in perigonadal (2-fold) and brown adipose tissues (40 %) of apoCIII mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity4
  • In recent years, a newly discovered apolipoprotein has been proved to be closely related to the occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the past two decades, the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been increasing worldwide together with the escalating obesity pandemic [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Since NAFLD is closely associated with obesity, diabetes, and MetS, it is unknown whether the relationship between NAFLD and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death, if any, is independent of cardiometabolic risk factors (Figure 1 ) such as MetS and type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
  • Obesity, characterized by excessive accumulation of abdominal and visceral fat, is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. (jabonline.in)
APOE43
  • With APOE4, lipid droplet accumulation in glia is drastically reduced and the protective mechanism breaks down. (longevity.technology)
  • The risk of developing AD is increased by 8-15-fold if an individual is carrying two copies of the APOE4 gene. (j-alz.com)
  • APOE4 has an increased lipid binding ability and shows increased cellular accumulation of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. (j-alz.com)
Metabolism3
  • Progressive mitochondrial accumulation of incompletely translocated APP caused mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cellular energy metabolism. (jneurosci.org)
  • We examined whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) overexpression and a subsequent increase in mitochondrial content and function in rat primary hepatocytes (in vitro) and Sprague-Dawley rats (in vivo) would comprehensively alter mitochondrial lipid metabolism, including complete (CO(2)) and incomplete (acid-soluble metabolites) fatty acid oxidation (FAO), tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, and triacylglycerol (TAG) storage and export. (eurekamag.com)
  • Collagen metabolism in cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts : response to angiotensin II and aldosterone. (medecinesciences.org)
20172
  • Poultry meat production have been reported to increase from 120.5 MMT (million metric tons) in 2017 to 122.5 MMT in 2018 ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Apolipoprotein L1 nephropathies: 2017 in review. (nih.gov)
Type 2 diabet4
  • We tried to identify the interaction between dietary quality indices and apolipoprotein B Ins/Del and EcoR1 polymorphisms on cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (researchsquare.com)
  • type 2 diabetes mellitus. (researchsquare.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is mostly associated with being overweight or obese. (jabonline.in)
  • To prospectively assess the long-term safety of statins in patients with prediabetes/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (medscape.com)
Serum2
  • Development of an LC-MRM-MS-Based Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure for Standardization of Serum Apolipoprotein (a) Tests. (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, serum apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)] is recognized as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular risk assessment and patient management. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic syndrome2
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are multidisciplinary liver diseases that often accompany type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome, which are characterized by insulin resistance. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, effective treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome should target not only the cardiometabolic abnormalities, but also the associated liver disorders. (hindawi.com)
Proteins4
  • Accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, which varied with the severity of AD, inhibited the entry of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and Vb proteins, which was associated with decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and increased levels of H 2 O 2 . (jneurosci.org)
  • In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The autophagophore membrane then elongates and encloses the molecules to be degraded forming an autophagosome, which occurs in two separate conjugation reactions catalyzed by autophagy-related proteins (ATGs). (hindawi.com)
  • Core proteins determine the cellular location and serve as scaffolds for the GAG chains and the highly ionic chains determine physical properties of tissues and bind factors including growth factors and apolipoproteins. (openbiochemistryjournal.com)
Pathways2
  • Induction of canonical autophagy is mainly controlled by the AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and relies on the activation and assembly of two macromolecular complexes, the ATG1/ULK1 and the Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex (Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cytoplasmic CE is cleared by two main pathways. (endotext.org)
Deficiency2
  • GSD type II, also known as alpha glucosidase deficiency (GAA, acid maltase deficiency) or Pompe disease, is a prototypic lysosomal disease. (medscape.com)
  • Its clinical presentation clearly differs from other forms of GSD, because it is caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-1,4-glucosidase, leading to the pathologic accumulation of normally structured glycogen within the lysosomes of most tissues, differs Three forms of the disease exist: infantile-onset, late-onset juvenile and adult onset. (medscape.com)
Diabetes8
  • As a consequence, there has also been a marked increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes all over the world and this chronic metabolic disease is now considered as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent. (researchgate.net)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) global report, ~422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014 ( 1 ), and that cardiovascular diseases account for 31% mortality worldwide ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this animal model, we found that the combination of hypercholes terolemia and diabetes resulted in a significant lipid accumulation in the tubular basement membrane, which could have contributed to the albuminuria. (musc.edu)
  • Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. (medecinesciences.org)
  • The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. (medecinesciences.org)
  • The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes, a disorder characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • 2 diabetes patients predicts all-cause and few years [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • Therefore, I investigated if hypertension, diabetes typ II and cardiovascular risk factors are linked to common subtypes of dementia. (lu.se)
Microsomal1
  • [ 2 ] In 1978, Narisawa et al proposed that a transport defect of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into the microsomal compartment may be present in some patients with GSD type I. (medscape.com)
Abnormal2
  • Collectively, these results suggest that abnormal accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, is a hallmark of human AD pathology. (jneurosci.org)
  • In 1956, Andersen reported the first patient with progressive hepatosplenomegaly and accumulation of abnormal polysaccharides. (medscape.com)
Humans1
  • Notably, recent studies suggest that the accumulation of sphingolipids, namely ceramides and it's metabolites, play essential roles in the development of insulin resistance in tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and, adipose tissue in obese rodents, and humans ( 6 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
Inflammation3
  • Ignorance has prevailed over the interrelationship between muscular lipid accumulation, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance because the central mediating factor is magnesium. (drsircus.com)
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver condition that ranges from isolated liver fat accumulation to severe inflammation and necrosis [known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)], in the absence of alcohol abuse and other causes of liver disease, such as viruses, autoimmunity, or drug-induced hepatitis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] Many mechanisms have been postulated to explain this association ( i.e., more severe insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation, ectopic fat accumulation with potential cardiolipotoxicity, and worse dyslipidemia). (medscape.com)
Hepatic1
  • There is a belief among clinicians that patients with NASH are at a higher risk for hepatotoxicity when prescribed a statin, [ 9 ] and it has even been postulated that statins could increase hepatic fat accumulation in patients with NAFLD. (medscape.com)
Cytoplasm1
  • Microscopic=== Features: *Enterocytes have clear cytoplasm (due to lipid accumulation). (librepathology.org)
Predicts1
  • Calcium accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques predicts cardiovascular mortality, but the mechanisms responsible for plaque calcification and how calcification impacts plaque stability remain debated. (nih.gov)
Deposition1
  • 4) amyloidosis type 8 (AMYL8), also known as systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis or Ostertag-type amyloidosis, a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to deposition of apolipoprotein A1, fibrinogen and lysozyme amyloids. (nih.gov)
Fatty1
  • Some previous data do not support the liter- process in the determination of morbidity ature suggesting adverse effects of omega-3 and mortality from coronary heart disease fatty acids on lipid peroxidation [ 2,21,35 ]. (who.int)
Abdominal1
  • The specific example shown here employs an activatable fluorescent probe for matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) to study its uptake in two different rodent models of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). (jove.com)
ABCA12
  • The HDL formed as a consequence of the expression of WT macrophage ABCA1 migrated to the alpha position in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (jci.org)
  • An increased uptake of oxidized as well as of native LDL by FH monocytes combined with a down-regulation of NPC1 and ABCA1 explains the lipid accumulation observed in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Variants2
  • Variants of apolipoprotein E have been studied extensively as risk factors for many different conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ApoL1 renal risk variants induce aberrant THP-1 monocyte differentiation and increase eicosanoid production via enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-2. (nih.gov)
Vascular2
  • Angiotensin II signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle : role of tyrosine kinases. (medecinesciences.org)
  • Angiotensin II stimulates endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 via nuclear factor-kappaB activation induced by intracellular oxidative stress. (medecinesciences.org)
Blood vessels2
  • Chronic exposure to hyperglycemia causes an imbalance in cellular homeostasis which then leads to damaged blood vessels, among other effects [ 2 , 3 ]. (jabonline.in)
  • These processes cause immune system cells to release inflammatory mediators called cytokines, which in their own turn produce changes in the walls of blood vessels, eventually resulting in accumulation of diseased tissue known as plaques. (lifeextension.com)
Arteries1
  • This study aimed to determine the effects of the CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) pathway on cholesterol accumulation in the radial arteries of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with concomitant microinflammation and to further investigate the potential effects of the purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7R). (medsci.org)
Pathologic1
  • An essential pathologic finding is the accumulation of normally structured glycogen in most tissues. (medscape.com)
Dietary1
  • Dietary supplementation with SeMet (2 mg/kg) increased the tissue concentration of Se, and the expression and activity of glutathione peroxidase, compared to non-supplemented controls. (greenmedinfo.com)
Dementia1
  • Older adults with MCI are 3 times more likely to progress to dementia in 2 to 5 years than age-matched cohorts ( 1 )[ A ]. (unboundmedicine.com)
Subtypes2
  • Cerebrovascular amyloid deposits can be observed in both large (e.g. leptomeningeal) vessels and small parenchymal arterioles and capillaries, with their presence in capillaries determining the classification of CAA into two subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Later, other translocases were discovered, adding 2 more subtypes of GSD to the disease spectrum. (medscape.com)