AnatomyDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
TurbinatesRhinitis, AtrophicBone and BonesNasal ObstructionNasal CavityNasal MucosaBone RemodelingNasal SeptumNose DiseasesBone DensityOtorhinolaryngologic Surgical ProceduresBone ResorptionPasteurella Infections
InferiorDeviated septumMucosaAirwayMucosalResectionAirflowTissueProcedureSeptoplastyKnown as nasal conchaePosteriorSide of the noseHypertrophyTurbinectomySinusesSuperior turbinateSwollenLower turbinateRadiofrequencyAllergiesEthmoidSymptomsCavityNose near the septumCavitiesCribriform plateSurgeryLateralEnlargementCartilage and boneHyoidMaxillaryBuilding the nasalWallsSphenoidLaterallyRhinitisSizeSinusitis
Inferior50
  • Inferior turbinate surgery dates to the 1890s, when Jones first described it. (medscape.com)
  • In 1900, Holmes described the stages of inferior turbinate hypertrophy and his surgical experience with 1500 turbinectomies. (medscape.com)
  • Beekhuis concluded that nasal obstruction postrhinoplasty resulted primarily from inferior turbinate hypertrophy. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Changes in nasal airflow as a result of rhinoplasty may unmask inferior turbinate hypertrophy and obstruction that were not clinically significant or evident preoperatively. (medscape.com)
  • B) Endoscopic view of right nares showing compensatory right inferior turbinate hypertrophy. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior tip of the inferior turbinate is found in the nasal valve region, and hypertrophy of this structure can cause exponential increases in airway resistance. (medscape.com)
  • Inferior turbinate hypertrophy can result from mucosal hypertrophy, bony hypertrophy, or both. (medscape.com)
  • A cyclic alteration of constriction and dilation of the inferior turbinates, known as the nasal cycle, occurs approximately every 2-7 hours. (medscape.com)
  • The nasal valve is the region of the nasal airway extending from the caudal end of the upper lateral cartilages and including the anterior end of the inferior turbinate. (medscape.com)
  • The erectile tissue of the nasal septum and inferior turbinate can impinge on the nasal valve and increase resistance. (medscape.com)
  • Because the cross-sectional area of the nasal valve is small, minor changes in inferior turbinate congestion can have marked effects on resistance. (medscape.com)
  • Turbinates are made of bone, blood vessels and other tissue and come in three pairs: two superior, two middle and two inferior. (plasticsurgery.org)
  • If the inferior turbinates-which are the lowest and largest of the structures-become swollen, they can inhibit nasal airflow on both the right and left side of the nose. (plasticsurgery.org)
  • One pledget is placed along the inferior turbinate extending to the posterior pharyngeal wall. (medscape.com)
  • What cavities lie within the maxillary bones inferior to the orbits? (freezingblue.com)
  • What scroll-shaped bones are visible on the inferior lateral walls of this cavity? (freezingblue.com)
  • The most substantial pair, referred to as the inferior turbinates, are larger than the other pairs because they bear the majority of the task of air filtration when you breathe through your nose. (centreforsurgery.com)
  • This procedure can be partial or complete and primarily targets the removal of the inferior turbinate. (centreforsurgery.com)
  • There are three turbinates in each nostril (inferior, middle and superior), but it is the inferior turbinates that most commonly affect airflow. (northdallasent.com)
  • When enlarged inferior turbinates are determined to be a significant causative factor of nasal obstruction, turbinate reduction procedures may be recommended to shrink the size of the turbinates and improve breathing. (northdallasent.com)
  • For the SMR procedure, a small incision is made in the front part (head) of the inferior turbinate. (northdallasent.com)
  • The micro-debrider uses suction to pull in the engorged submucosal tissue of the inferior turbinate, and the rotating blades cut it down or reduce it. (northdallasent.com)
  • During an "out-fracture" procedure, the inferior turbinate Conchal bone is firmly moved or "out-fractured" from its normal midline position to a more lateral position along the nasal sidewalls. (northdallasent.com)
  • Inferior turbinate surgery is typically performed to improve nasal airflow and reduce nasal blockage and congestion. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • The picture below shows the nasal septum and the inferior turbinate on the left side of the nose. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • The pictures below demonstrate how the inferior turbinates can block airflow when they are enlarged and touch the nasal septum. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • How Are Enlarged Inferior Turbinates Diagnosed? (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • What is the Treatment for Enlarged Inferior Turbinates? (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • If enlarged inferior turbinates are causing your nasal obstruction, surgery may be the recommended treatment. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • The nasal cavity usually contains three sets of turbinates on each side of the nose: the superior turbinates, the middle turbinates, and the inferior turbinates. (englewoodent.com)
  • Most of the airflow in the nose passes between the middle and inferior turbinates. (englewoodent.com)
  • Reducing the size of the inferior turbinates will often replicate the effect of using daily anti-inflammatory nasal sprays such as Flonase, Nasacort, or Rhinocort. (nsibr.com)
  • Several punctures are made in each inferior turbinate and energy (RF) is given for the decrease in volume of the same. (topdoctors.es)
  • A common cause of nasal obstruction in children is enlargement of the inferior turbinates in the nose. (drjoannawalton.com)
  • For cases not responsive to medical therapy surgery can be offered to reduce the bulky mucosal lining of the inferior turbinates with coblation. (drjoannawalton.com)
  • This involves surgical removal of the inferior turbinate bone whilst preserving the mucosal lining. (drjoannawalton.com)
  • C. At 12 weeks' gestation, proliferation of the cord occurs laterally toward the eyelid and inferiorly toward the inferior turbinate. (pdfslide.us)
  • Formed by the maxillary bone laterally and the lacrimal and inferior turbinate bones medially. (pdfslide.us)
  • The duct courses posteriorly and laterally in the bone for 12 mm to drain into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity. (pdfslide.us)
  • The lateral nasal wall consists of inferior and middle turbinates and occasionally a superior or supreme turbinate bone. (medscape.com)
  • The lacrimal system drains into the nasal cavity below the anterior inferior aspect of the inferior turbinates. (medscape.com)
  • The turbinates are classified as inferior, middle and superior and all are divided by the septum. (dubuqueent.com)
  • Inferior turbinates that swell to the point where they cause a nasal obstruction are known as hyperplastic turbinates. (dubuqueent.com)
  • A number of surgical procedures are effective in reducing the size of the inferior turbinate, clearing up the airway to eliminate any associated breathing or sinus problems. (dubuqueent.com)
  • Either total or partial, this procedure involves removing all or part of the inferior turbinate while widening the nasal airway. (dubuqueent.com)
  • Lasers focus a beam of light on the inferior turbinate to create lesions that allow for removal. (dubuqueent.com)
  • A needle is used to inject corticosteroids directly into the inferior turbinate, often with great success. (dubuqueent.com)
  • It regulates the nasal airflow by controlling the blood volume in the erectile tissue on the inferior turbinate and anterior septum. (nih.gov)
  • Less common but more serious are posterior nosebleeds, which originate in the posterior septum overlying the vomer bone or laterally on the inferior or middle turbinate. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus and lies inferior to the eyes in the maxillary bone. (medscape.com)
Deviated septum4
  • For other patients, the blockage may be due to a simple anatomical obstruction, such as enlarged adenoids, a polyp in the nasal passage, a deviated septum, enlarged turbinates or narrow nasal passages. (northdallasent.com)
  • When other components contribute to nasal congestion, such as a deviated septum, sinus polyps, enlarged adenoids, or a sinus blockage, these components can be addressed at the same time as turbinate surgery Your doctor will discuss such options with you when developing your treatment plan. (northdallasent.com)
  • These turbinates often become swollen due to allergies or become constricted due to deviated septum that can lead to further breathing troubles. (vasudhan.com)
  • The problem can be caused by a deviated septum, polyps, bone spurs or enlarged adenoids or turbinates. (everyonesent.com)
Mucosa11
  • The enlarged nasal cavity resulting from turbinate resection was believed to increase nasal airflow and reduce the humidifying capabilities of the nasal mucosa, resulting in drying, crusting, and mucosal atrophy. (medscape.com)
  • The cartilage and bone are lined with a thin protecting membrane called mucosa that helps to keep the inside of the nose moist. (northdallasent.com)
  • Both are effective in minimizing the swelling of the turbinate mucosa and in diminishing the congested lining. (northdallasent.com)
  • It is made up of cartilage and bone, which are lined with a thin membrane called mucosa. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • The mucosa covers and protects the cartilage and bone, and helps to keep the inside of the nose moist. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • Many of these procedures can be done in the office using specialized devices that can reduce the size of the turbinates while leaving the special skin (mucosa) intact. (englewoodent.com)
  • Nasal sprays, which are either anti-inflammatory or antihistamine sprays, are designed to improve reversible swelling in the nasal turbinates and nasal mucosa. (nsibr.com)
  • Have a bone scaffolding and covered with a highly vascular mucosa (much blood supply). (topdoctors.es)
  • The turbinate is mildly swollen, the mucosa is pale, and the turbinate is impinging onto nasal septum. (medscape.com)
  • Submucous resection aims to preserve the mucosa of the turbinate in order to reduce side effects. (dubuqueent.com)
  • It is based on the principle that the heat damage in the tissues is healed by shrinking and hardening following the introduction of radiofrequency energy with a special device into the soft tissues with rich vascular content under the mucosa of the lower turbinates located on the side walls of the nasal cavities. (drarifsanli.com)
Airway2
  • A turbinate reduction involves reducing the size of these bones to help open up your airway. (healthline.com)
  • This involves moving the hyoid bone and its nearby muscles in your neck to open up your airway. (healthline.com)
Mucosal5
  • Mucosal changes have been well described in chronic sinusitis, yet little is known about the underlying bone, despite clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that bone may be involved in chronic sinusitis. (nih.gov)
  • Enlarged turbinates or turbinate hypertrophy is a condition that occurs as the result of chronic inflammation of the mucosal membranes that cover the turbinates. (northdallasent.com)
  • During this procedure, a small probe is placed in the submucosal area of the turbinate (between the inner turbinate bone and the outer mucosal lining) and low-power radiofrequency energy is applied to decrease tissue volume. (northdallasent.com)
  • After the surgery, an increase in nasal congestion can be observed due to swelling in the lower turbinates or crusting due to wound healing on the mucosal surface in the early period. (drarifsanli.com)
  • The lateral walls are spiral shaped mucosal folds that overlie the turbinates and sinus ducts draining into the ostia. (nih.gov)
Resection3
  • Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is an unusual condition that can occur after turbinate surgery and is usually associated with significant resection of the turbinates. (englewoodent.com)
  • Turbinate Resection. (dubuqueent.com)
  • Maxillary resection often results in significant bone loss and unpleasant soft tissue morphology, compromising prosthesis retention and stability and creating a direct communication between the oral and nasal cavities 6,7 . (bvsalud.org)
Airflow3
  • Allergies or other nasal problems can cause the turbinates to swell and block airflow. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Extended nasopharyngeal turbinates extend past the nose and into the pharynx, which is the area behind the nose and mouth, and cause obstruction of the airflow. (dognews.com)
  • The goal of surgery is to decrease the size of the turbinate to improve airflow through the nose while preserving the function of the turbinate. (englewoodent.com)
Tissue16
  • The inside walls of the nose have 3 pairs of long thin bones covered with a layer of tissue that can expand. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Laser light or radiofrequency energy goes through this tube and shrinks the turbinate tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Due to the shorter bones of the face and nose, the anatomy and relationship with the other soft tissue structures are altered. (dognews.com)
  • Nasopharyngeal turbinates are ridges of bone covered by tissue that help humidify and warm the air that is inhaled. (dognews.com)
  • The turbinates are made of bone and soft tissue and are located inside the nose near the septum. (northdallasent.com)
  • For most patients, the soft tissue part of the turbinates is the major problem, where the turbinates become enlarged leading to nasal congestion, blockage, and obstruction. (northdallasent.com)
  • The turbinates are made of bone and soft tissue, and they help to warm and moisturize air as it flows through your nose. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • When the bone or soft tissue become enlarged, they cause nasal obstruction. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • This is a procedure done under local anesthesia in the office and involves placing a small suction with a tiny oscillating blade on the inside the of the turbinate and removing excess tissue from the inside. (nsibr.com)
  • In the remaining 40%, most of the tumors are sarcomas which form in bone, connective tissue, and/or cartilage. (petmoo.com)
  • Sensitivities perpetually likewise cause stopped up nasal sections manifestations by delivering synthetic compounds in the body that cause tissue expanding encompassing the turbinates. (colfrat.com)
  • Therefore, the use of a removable partial prosthesis has been proposed as an alternative because of its relatively short treatment time, especially in patients undergoing successive bone- and soft tissue-grafting procedures. (bvsalud.org)
  • During the concha radiofrequency procedure, it is aimed to reduce the turbinates without removing any bone or tissue from the nose. (drarifsanli.com)
  • A needle-like device is inserted into the turbinate and heat is transmitted to the tissue with radio waves, aiming for controlled damage. (drarifsanli.com)
  • This process causes scar tissue to form, reducing the size of the turbinates. (drarifsanli.com)
  • Such issues are narrow mouth pallet, a septal deviation, a collapsed nostril, enlarged bone/tissue turbinates, or a sizeable egg-like air sac in the nose. (articlefeed.org)
Procedure9
  • This procedure divides your chin bone into two parts, allowing your tongue to move forward. (healthline.com)
  • In contrast, Turbinoplasty is a slightly less invasive procedure where the size of the turbinates is reduced rather than completely removed. (centreforsurgery.com)
  • This procedure is effective in reducing congestion while maintaining the warming and humidification function of the turbinates. (ctsinuscenter.com)
  • Surgery-If medications do not help improve your symptoms, your ENT specialist may offer a surgical procedure to decrease the size of the turbinates. (englewoodent.com)
  • Turbinectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or some of the turbinate bones are removed to relieve nasal obstruction. (entmumbai.com)
  • This procedure is similar to laser surgery, but relies on the application of extreme cold to destroy the turbinate through freezing. (dubuqueent.com)
  • We report the use of a simple and fast procedure for rehabilitation of a patient with fractures in the middle and lower third of the face, with considerable loss of maxillary bone and teeth, due to a motorcycle accident. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, if patients have septum deviation (nasal cartilage curvature) as well as lower turbinate enlargement, the procedure is performed in the same session and under general anesthesia. (drarifsanli.com)
  • Reducing the turbinates during the septoplasty procedure helps to open the airways even more. (drarifsanli.com)
Septoplasty2
Known as nasal conchae1
Posterior8
  • the middle part attaches obliquely into the orbital lamina of ethmoid bone (lamina papyricea) while the posterior part attaches into the orbital lamina horizontally. (wikipedia.org)
  • This ganglion lies posterior to the middle turbinate and the branches innervate the posterior two thirds of the nasal septum and the turbinates. (medscape.com)
  • A third pledget is placed along the superior turbinate close to the cribriform plate and posterior nasopharyngeal wall. (medscape.com)
  • What five bones can be seen in a posterior view of the skull? (freezingblue.com)
  • What bump of bone occurs posterior to the ear? (freezingblue.com)
  • What opening occurs on the medial, posterior aspect of the temporal bone for blood vessels and nerves? (freezingblue.com)
  • Bordered by the anterior lacrimal crest (maxillary bone) & posterior lacrimal crest (lacrimal bone). (pdfslide.us)
  • The sphenopalatine ganglion (V2) is located at the posterior end of the middle turbinate and innervates the posterior nasal cavity. (medscape.com)
Side of the nose1
  • A final development concerns the turbinate, a spongy bone in the nose that stick down to the side of the nose when the sinuses become infected. (birminghammedicalnews.com)
Hypertrophy11
  • How is Turbinate Hypertrophy Diagnosed? (northdallasent.com)
  • Turbinate hypertrophy refers to an excessive growth or enlargement of the turbinates, which are bony structures located inside the nose. (englewoodent.com)
  • What Are the Symptoms of Turbinate Hypertrophy? (englewoodent.com)
  • What Causes Turbinate Hypertrophy? (englewoodent.com)
  • Turbinate hypertrophy is typically caused when the lining of the skin covering the turbinate bone becomes enlarged and swollen. (englewoodent.com)
  • Treating turbinate hypertrophy depends on the specific cause. (englewoodent.com)
  • For an acute case of turbinate hypertrophy, nasal decongestant sprays (such as Oxymetazoline) should only be used for a very brief period. (englewoodent.com)
  • This is not an appropriate treatment for chronic turbinate hypertrophy. (englewoodent.com)
  • There are many different types of surgical procedures to reduce the size of the turbinates and will depend on your specific diagnosis, the severity of the turbinate hypertrophy, and your ENT specialist's recommendation. (englewoodent.com)
  • What is the most likely cause of my turbinate hypertrophy? (englewoodent.com)
  • Which medications are best suited to treat my turbinate hypertrophy? (englewoodent.com)
Turbinectomy1
Sinuses7
  • The ethmoid sinuses or ethmoid air cells of the ethmoid bone are one of the four paired paranasal sinuses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Your nasal cavity is segmented into four separate air channels by three pairs of these turbinates, which subsequently lead to the sinuses tucked behind each cheekbone. (centreforsurgery.com)
  • When we evaluate someone for nasal obstruction/congestion we thoroughly analyze the nasal septum, the relationship of the outside of the nose to the nasal septum (the nasal valves), the structures inside the nose that become large with allergies (the nasal turbinates), the nasal sinuses, and other structures inside the nose which may lead to anatomic blockage. (nsibr.com)
  • The opening of the sinuses also is found under the middle turbinates on the lateral nasal wall. (medscape.com)
  • The subsequent broadening of the turbinates thusly blocks the common ventilation of the nasal entries and sinuses. (colfrat.com)
  • The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull and face. (medscape.com)
  • The ethmoid sinuses arise in the ethmoid bone, forming several distinct air cells between the eyes. (medscape.com)
Superior turbinate1
  • The sphenoid sinus ostium is located on the anterosuperior surface of the sphenoid face, usually medial to the superior turbinate. (medscape.com)
Swollen1
  • If your turbinates are swollen, your doctor may prescribe medication (i.e., nasal corticosteroid sprays and nasal antihistamine sprays) to reduce the swelling. (ctsinuscenter.com)
Lower turbinate1
Radiofrequency2
  • Radiofrequency A probe delivers heat generated from high frequency alternating current to destroy the turbinate. (blueridge-ent.com)
  • The expected results of radiofrequency application begin to appear within 15-20 days, and the shrinkage in the turbinates may continue for up to 6-8 weeks. (drarifsanli.com)
Allergies1
  • Another common functional problem involves allergies, hormones or sinus infections causing turbinates to become enlarged. (plasticsurgery.org)
Ethmoid8
  • The cells are located within the lateral mass (labyrinth) of each ethmoid bone and are variable in both size and number. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ethmoid air cells consist of numerous thin-walled cavities in the ethmoidal labyrinth that represent invaginations of the mucous membrane of the nasal wall into the ethmoid bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are 5-15 air cells in either ethmoid bone in the adult, with a combined volume of 2-3mL. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first lamellae is equivalent to the uncinate process of ethmoid bone, the second corresponds the ethmoid bulla, and the third is the basal lamella, and the fourth is equivalent to the superior nasal concha. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is one of the bony divisions of the ethmoid bone and is mostly contained inside the ethmoid labyrinth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Techniques of undecalcified bone analysis were used for detailed histologic examination of ethmoid bone in chronic sinusitis compared with controls. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, histomorphometry techniques were used to determine ethmoid bone physiology in individuals undergoing surgery for chronic sinusitis. (nih.gov)
  • 8. The medial orbital wall : Frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal ,ethmoid , lesser wing of sphenoid bone. (pdfslide.us)
Symptoms2
Cavity8
  • It was concluded that the development of turbinate atrophy was associated with (1) the ability to produce heavy, persistent colonisation in the nasal cavity, and (2) the production of a heat-labile toxin. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • What bones form the upper jaw, the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and teh floor of the orbits? (freezingblue.com)
  • What bone separates the cranial cavity and the nasal cavity? (freezingblue.com)
  • What bone forms the anterior floor of the cranial cavity? (freezingblue.com)
  • The left nasal cavity is filled with tumor that has caused loss of the normal turbinate bone structure of the nose. (hollandsveterinaryreferralhospital.com)
  • The septum is the wall of bone and cartilage that separates the nasal cavity into two different nostrils. (zadehmd.com)
  • It also captures the odor bearing particles and transmits them to the olfactory recesses, that are in the superior portion of the nasal cavity, just medial to the superior turbinates. (nih.gov)
  • This cavity is divided into two separate cavities by the septum and kept patent by a bone and cartilaginous framework. (nih.gov)
Nose near the septum1
Cavities1
Cribriform plate1
  • Lysis of the maxillary turbinates, nasal septum, nasal bone, palatine bone, and cribriform plate were not significantly associated with sinonasal neoplasia. (avmi.net)
Surgery6
  • This aspect of turbinate surgery remains controversial. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, individuals undergoing surgery for chronic sinusitis were found to have evidence of marked acceleration in bone physiology with histologic changes including new bone formation, fibrosis, and presence of inflammatory cells. (nih.gov)
  • Surgery may also be needed if you have an infection that has spread to your bones. (everyonesent.com)
  • hyperplastic turbinates often require surgery. (dubuqueent.com)
  • It is often performed in conjunction with turbinate reduction surgery. (zadehmd.com)
  • The surgery may require altering internal structures such as the bone, cartilage and turbinates, as well as techniques such as grafting, defatting and special suturing techniques. (rhinoplasty-pedia.com)
Lateral4
  • It courses medially in the neck and divides into the internal and external laryngeal branch lateral to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and travels inferiorly to pierce the thyrohyoid membrane and travels under the pyriform fossa. (medscape.com)
  • What arch of bone can be seen in a lateral view of the skull? (freezingblue.com)
  • The external nose consists of paired nasal bones and upper and lower lateral cartilages. (medscape.com)
  • Any measurable or observable characteristic related to the shape, structure, color or pattern of the small curved bones that extend horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage. (mcw.edu)
Enlargement1
Cartilage and bone1
  • However, when using this technique the surgeon must be careful not to trim too much cartilage and bone, because a convex shape is important to preserving a masculine-looking nose. (rhinoplasty-pedia.com)
Hyoid1
  • Hyoid suspension, in which the hyoid bone in the neck, another attachment point for tongue and pharyngeal muscles, is pulled forward in front of the larynx. (entmumbai.com)
Maxillary1
  • OSTEOLOGY The lacrimal sac fossa is a depression in the inferomedial orbital rim, Maxillary and lacrimal bones. (pdfslide.us)
Building the nasal1
  • It can be corrected by building the nasal dorsum with either bone, cartilage or preferably with silicone implants. (vasudhan.com)
Walls2
  • The curved bones along the walls of your nasal passage, called turbinates, can sometimes interfere with breathing. (healthline.com)
  • The thickness of the walls of the sphenoid sinus is variable, with the anterosuperior wall and the roof of the sphenoid sinus (the planum sphenoidale) being the thinnest bones. (medscape.com)
Sphenoid2
  • Second pledget is placed along the middle turbinate in a cephalad angulation to block the pterygopalatine ganglion under the sphenoid bone. (medscape.com)
  • The sphenoid sinus originates in the sphenoid bone at the center of the head. (medscape.com)
Laterally1
  • What suture lies laterally between the parietal bone and temporal bone on each side? (freezingblue.com)
Rhinitis1
  • Hypersensitive rhinitis, generally known as feed fever, is likewise connected to extended nasal turbinates. (colfrat.com)
Size3
Sinusitis1
  • The suggestion that underlying bone may serve as a catalyst for chronic sinusitis is supported and implications for therapy are discussed. (nih.gov)