• It is feasible to control left renal vein and partial inferior vena cava through descending colon mesentery in a single position during LRN and tumor thrombectomy for the treatment of high-risk Mayo grade 0 and 1 TT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From the CT scan, appears to be totally contained, but too big and too central to consider partial nephrectomy. (cancer.org)
  • Most impressively, there were dramatic dice score improvements in the simulated out-of-distribution task where the model was trained on a radical nephrectomy dataset with different contrast phases predicting a partial nephrectomy all cortico-medullary phase dataset (0.67 ± 0.36 to 0.89 ± 0.10, 122/300 images flagged). (frontiersin.org)
  • Hey every one, I just wanted to share my experience with a partial nephrectomy. (cancer.org)
  • I had an open partial left nephrectomy on January 25 @ Sloan. (cancer.org)
  • Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without ischaemia. (urologyspecialist.com.au)
  • Five weeks ago I left hospital after undergoing an open partial nephrectomy to remove a suspicious 3cm tumour from my right kidney. (adjb.net)
  • Over 95% of our partial nephrectomies in 2014 were performed robotically, a much higher rate than most other institutions. (bidmc.org)
  • Partial nephrectomy is the removal of part of the kidney, usually because of a tumor, while sparing the remainder from damage or removal. (bidmc.org)
  • Robotic partial nephrectomy utilizes an operating telescope and thin, specialized instruments placed in the abdomen through 3-4 "keyhole" incisions, each 1cm. (bidmc.org)
  • Robotic partial nephrectomy controls cancer equally as well as the traditional open procedure. (bidmc.org)
  • All patients were treated by nephrectomy (radical in 2 cases and partial in 2 cases). (journalmc.org)
  • Radical nephrectomy was performed in two cases and partial nephrectomy in the two remaining cases. (journalmc.org)
  • Brady Urology at Johns Hopkins Hospital: Positive Surgical Margins after Partial Nephrectomy: Cause for Concern? (blogspot.com)
  • Positive Surgical Margins after Partial Nephrectomy: Cause for Concern? (blogspot.com)
  • In this blog, Mohamad E. Allaf, Director of Minimally-Invasive and Robotic Surgery, reviews the data regarding positive surgical margins following partial nephrectomy for the treatment of renal cancer. (blogspot.com)
  • As kidney surgery evolved from radical to partial nephrectomy (PN), and then from open to minimally-invasive surgery, the definition of a safe margin also evolved. (blogspot.com)
  • Positive surgical margins after partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma are rare. (blogspot.com)
  • A "gross" positive margin, meaning a positive margin noticed at the time of initial partial nephrectomy, should be addressed. (blogspot.com)
  • [1] The advent of newer imaging modalities contributes to early detection and prompts removal of the tumor either as partial or total nephrectomy. (ijpmonline.org)
  • All the cases of CDC which were diagnosed at our center following a radical or partial nephrectomy in the past 15 years were included. (e-urol-sci.com)
  • A retrospective review of the hospital's electronic database was conducted to identify the cases of CDC of the kidney from among those patients who underwent either radical or partial nephrectomy between June 2005 and January 2020. (e-urol-sci.com)
  • Treatment may require a radical nephrectomy (removal of the entire kidney), although a partial removal to preserve part of the kidney, is preferred for appropriately selected patients. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Partial nephrectomy of a kidney with Wilms tumor carries better outcomes with negligible risks than total nephrectomy. (kireportscommunity.org)
  • Imaging plays a critical role in management, differentiating benign cysts, which do not require treatment, from cystic neoplasms, which may benefit from partial or radical nephrectomy, or percutaneous ablation under imaging guidance. (radiologykey.com)
  • Partial nephrectomy, which is removal of only the cancer and a small border of normal tissue, is the standard treatment for the smallest cancers however patients will require a radical nephrectomy, or removal of the entire kidney for larger renal cell cancers. (yourcancercare.com)
  • The main surgery during which Robotic Surgery technique provides especially technical advantage is Nephron Sparing Surgery for Renal Tumors, which is also called Partial Nephrectomy or Nephron-Sparing Renal Tumor Excision. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • Image-2: Robotic Partial Nephrectomy - Locations of the small holes opened on anterior abdominal wall during robotic or laparoscopic kidney surgeries. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • The standard practice in localized kidney tumors that can be operated with organ (kidney) sparing surgery technique is the open partial nephrectomy. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • Thanks to increasing experience in intracorporeal suturing (suturing and knot-tying inside the body) and advanced laparoscopic vessel devices used during laparoscopic technique, it has become easier to perform partial nephrectomy via laparoscopic technique in selected patients. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • To summarize the available evidence on renorrhaphy techniques and to assess their impact on peri‐operative outcomes after minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN). (bjuinternational.com)
  • Studies providing sufficient details on renorrhaphy techniques during laparoscopic or robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy and comparative studies focused on peri‐operative outcomes were included in qualitative and quantitative analyses, respectively. (bjuinternational.com)
  • Integrated overview of evidence‐based technical principles for renal reconstruction during minimally invasive partial nephrectomy and suggested standardized reporting of key renorrhaphy features in clinical studies on this topic. (bjuinternational.com)
  • Other types of kidney cancer include transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and Wilms tumor. (massgeneral.org)
  • Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) is a primitive tumour common in children (5 to 6% of paediatric malignancies). (oncologybuddies.com)
  • A three-year old child presents with a large renal mass suspected to be a Wilms tumor. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • Surgical resection is performed and pathologic evaluation shows completely resected Wilms tumor with focal penetration of the renal capsule. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • staging for Wilms tumor on Childrens Oncology Group (COG) protocols is shown below. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • Children with which of the following conditions should receive screening renal ultrasounds for nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)? (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • Wilms tumor usually presents as an asymptomatic abdominal mass in an otherwise healthy child. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • Nephrogenic rests are also present in the predisposition syndromes of WAGR (Wilms tumor- aniridia - genital anomalies - retardation), Denys-Drash (nephropathy, intersex disorders), Beckwith-Wiedemann (hemihypertrophy, macroglossia, hypoglycemia) and isolated hemihypertrophy. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • Dome JS, Huff V. Wilms' Tumor Overview, in Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K (eds) GeneReviews [Internet] University of Washington, Seattle, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov NCBI Literature updated 2011. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • Wilms' tumor is a type of childhood cancer that occurs in the kidneys. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • About 400 children in the United States are diagnosed with Wilms' tumor each year. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • Children with Wilms' tumor may experience many different symptoms. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • In the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor, the appearance of cancer cells under a microscope is very important. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • Wilms Tumor Wilms tumor is an embryonal cancer of the kidney composed of blastemal, stromal, and epithelial elements. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To explore the feasibility of single-position laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and tumor thrombectomy for left renal cell carcinoma with high-risk Mayo 0 and 1 tumor thrombus (TT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of single position transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and high-risk Mayo 0 and 1 tumor thrombectomy and the surgical techniques were described in detail. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Removal of kidney tumors can be done using larger open incisions or through minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopic or robotic surgery. (bidmc.org)
  • Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a minimally invasive approach that takes out all or part of the kidney using instruments. (massgeneral.org)
  • Surgical nephrectomies can be open, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted. (kireportscommunity.org)
  • This less than 8-minute video includes: a transperitoneal laparoscopic vesico-bladder fistula repair due to an iatrogenic obstetric hysterectomy, the second part is a transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy of a central kidney cancer, and finally an extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy. (oatext.com)
  • Depending on the kidney tumour characteristics and patient suitability, kidney surgery may be performed using conventional open surgery, laparoscopic (keyhole surgery) or robot-assisted techniques. (snec.com.sg)
  • But in terms of efficiency, there is not a significant difference between Radical Nephrectomy (which is total removal of kidney) and Robotic Surgery or Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery performed for kidney tumors. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • However, thanks to our latest experiences in laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, now we are able to partially excise renal masses that are 6-8 cm in diameter, while preserving the remained healthy part of kidney. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • If it is a high-risk Mayo grade 0 TT or even grade 1 TT, traditionally two steps were utilized including management of the inferior vena cava and removement of the TT, and then nephrectomy after changing the surgical position. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed clear cell renal carcinoma pT2 N0. (cdlib.org)
  • Surgical excision of the cutaneous tumor was performed, followed by radiotherapy at the site of the skin lesion on the chest wall. (cdlib.org)
  • Pathological examination of the surgical specimens demonstrated pT3cN0Mx conventional (clear cell) renal carcinoma, Fuhrman Grade 3 with negative surgical margins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most common treatment for kidney cancer is a surgical procedure called a nephrectomy. (massgeneral.org)
  • A positive surgical margin implies that cancer is left behind at the time of surgery. (blogspot.com)
  • For some cancers, including renal cell cancer (RCC), the implications of a positive surgical margin are less clearly defined. (blogspot.com)
  • 6,7] There are surgical considerations and tumor characteristics that are related positive margins. (blogspot.com)
  • In the case of a positive surgical margins, some surgeons will advocate re-resection or salvage radical nephrectomy. (blogspot.com)
  • A positive surgical margin may reflect difficulties with a technical aspect of surgery or imply adverse tumor biology. (blogspot.com)
  • In carefully selected patients who present with a resectable primary tumour and a concurrent single metastasis (Stage 4), surgical resection of the metastasis, in conjunction with removal of the kidney may be done. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Other procedures, such as cryotherapy or radiofrequency ablation, may be an alternative for patients with relatively small renal masses who aren't surgical candidates. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • It has also been used before kidney transplantation (KT) as an alternative to surgical nephrectomy. (kireportscommunity.org)
  • Specifically in children , a unilateral ligation approach was compared to unilateral surgical nephrectomy before KT (indications for which included polyuria, massive resistant proteinuria, intractable HTN, and recurrent kidney infection). (kireportscommunity.org)
  • The benefits of ureteral ligation over surgical nephrectomy include a less invasive procedure with smaller incisions and less risk for bleeding. (kireportscommunity.org)
  • Renal mass sampling can be done by fine needle aspiration with a reading of the sample by a cytopathologist, or by core biopsy with a reading of the sample by a surgical pathologist. (ahrq.gov)
  • Patients with early stage renal cell cancer are curable with surgical removal of the cancer. (yourcancercare.com)
  • Surgery - Surgical removal of the tumor and kidney may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis and to determine the extent of the disease. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • Surgical resection remains the only known effective treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma, and it is also used for palliation in metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • A high index of suspicion should be maintained with an aim of surgical treatment for selected patients with large and symptomatic adrenal lipomatous lesions. (bmj.com)
  • Ten tumours each were obtained from surgical biopsy and postmortem files. (bmj.com)
  • In order to perform an open nephrectomy (in the language of medicine, total removal of kidney is called nephrectomy), a surgical incision that can reach up to 35-40 cm is being made (Image-1). (tibeterdogru.com)
  • There will be long-term pain and numbness around surgical site due to the damage caused to muscles and nerves while making this large surgical incision. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • Radical prostatectomy, which involves removing the entire prostate gland, the seminal vesicles and often the surrounding lymph nodes, is no longer the only surgical option. (nwurology.com)
  • Enucleation is defined by incision of the renal parenchyma within a few millimeters of the tumor, and removal of the tumor by blunt dissection of the plane between the capsule of the tumor and the healthy renal tissue. (blogspot.com)
  • Non-neoplastic renal parenchyma is overlooked majority of times and thus misses the opportunity to detect concomitant medical renal diseases which also predict the renal outcome in the postoperative era. (ijpmonline.org)
  • During the evaluation of resected specimens, oncopathologists check all the pathological parameters enlisted in the standard protocol for reporting such as histological subtypes, grade, stage, etc. [2] The majority of the times peritumoral and distant renal parenchyma is overlooked and the opportunity to identify concurrent familiar or unfamiliar medical renal diseases is missed. (ijpmonline.org)
  • [3] stated that more than 60% of nephrectomy specimens had pathology in non-neoplastic renal parenchyma which is responsible for the deterioration of renal function disproportionate to nephron loss in the postoperative era. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Gross inspection of the lesion discloses gentle tan-yellow homogenous plaques and confluent nodules that are often significantly less than 1cm in size but can range up to 3 to 4cm and replace huge regions of renal Gemcitabine HCl novel inhibtior parenchyma. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • b) blood vessels within the specimen outside of the parenchyma contain tumor. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • The tumor was limited to the renal parenchyma, away from sinus fat. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These tumors oftentimes have a highly irregular interface with the kidney parenchyma and have fascicles of tumor cells interlacing with renal parenchyma. (cap.org)
  • Specific tumour features (i.e. size, hilar location, anatomical complexity, nearness to renal sinus and/or urinary collecting system), surgeon's experience, robot‐assisted technology, as well as the aim of reducing warm ischaemia time and the amount of devascularized renal parenchyma preserved represented the key factors driving the evolution of the renorrhaphy techniques during MIPN over the past decade. (bjuinternational.com)
  • A follow-up contrast enhanced computerised tomography (CT) scan of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis was carried out which demonstrated a large right intrarenal tumour with extracapsular spread into the right adrenal gland and vascular invasion of the right renal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The renal lesions can distort the pelvis and calices but seldom cause obstruction. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • The inside of the left kidney shows the renal pelvis. (hoacny.com)
  • Urine is made in the renal tubules and collects in the renal pelvis of each kidney. (hoacny.com)
  • Cancer that starts in the ureters or the renal pelvis (the part of the kidney that collects urine and drains it to the ureters) is different from renal cell cancer. (hoacny.com)
  • For more information, see Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter Treatment . (hoacny.com)
  • For kidney cancers in the lining of the urinary transport system (renal pelvis, ureter), a ureteroscope is used to inspect the lining of the kidneys and ureters and to perform a biopsy of any tumors. (nwurology.com)
  • It is more frequently reported in urinary bladder and male urethra than renal pelvis. (shengsci.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis is usually associated with nephrolithiasis. (shengsci.com)
  • The post operative histological evaluation revealed unsuspected squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis with concomitant xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (shengsci.com)
  • and the renal pelvis posteriorly. (medscape.com)
  • For Mayo grade 1 TT, part of the inferior vena cava was blocked by a bulldog clamp after milking the TT into the left renal vein and the inferior vena cava was sutured after complete excision of the TT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to simplify the procedure, we explored the trans-mesocolon approach to fully dissect the left renal vein to the inferior vena cava in single position to treat high-risk Mayo 0-grade and grade 1 TT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2007, a 58-year-old white male with no history of tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia, and no family history of coronary artery disease, was found to have a large solid right renal mass and associated tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava and right atrium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The left renal vein is longer than the right as it crosses the midline to reach the inferior vena cava (IVC). (medscape.com)
  • The kidney biopsy confirmed clear renal cell carcinoma with poorly differentiated and accompanied by necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pathology from kidney biopsy demonstrated clear renal cell carcinoma and the patient received 2 cycles of axitinib for neoadjuvant treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung was performed via the right anterior chest wall and the histologic findings showed metastasis from renal carcinoma. (cdlib.org)
  • Histological examination of a biopsy of the skin tumor revealed features of metastatic renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type. (cdlib.org)
  • This case represents an unusual clinical presentation of metastatic renal cell carcinoma that appears to have been translocated to the skin by the needle biopsy. (cdlib.org)
  • Thus to confirm the renal neoplasia origin of a pulmonary mass, percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is often used. (cdlib.org)
  • We present a case of pulmonary metastasis from renal carcinoma with subcutaneous implantation of tumor cells along the needle tract after percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. (cdlib.org)
  • Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of the lung via the right anterior chest wall, using a 20 gauge fine needle, showed metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. (cdlib.org)
  • Histological examination of a skin biopsy of the cutaneous nodule revealed features of metastasis from renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type (Figure 2). (cdlib.org)
  • The family history and magnifying glass of renal biopsy if all get connected to be undertaken for passing water? (teenabortionissues.com)
  • The kidneys are two large, bean-shaped organs. (massgeneral.org)
  • Pancreatic injuries during nephrectomy are rare, despite the relatively close anatomic relation between the kidneys and the pancreas. (ima.org.il)
  • Commonly, multiple poorly defined renal lesions enlarging the kidney, and often involving both kidneys, are present. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • However, there are circumstances when kidneys do not behave as they should, and nephrectomy is more beneficial than leaving a dysfunctional kidney. (kireportscommunity.org)
  • Currently, nephrectomies are not performed with Multicystic Dysplastic Kidneys (MCDK). (kireportscommunity.org)
  • It can provide an outline of the kidneys and tumor as well as identify problems in the renal or other major veins in the abdomen. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • Tests that examine the abdomen and kidneys are used to diagnose renal cell cancer. (hoacny.com)
  • Anatomy of the male urinary system (left panel) and female urinary system (right panel) showing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. (hoacny.com)
  • The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal structures that are normally located between the transverse processes of T12-L3 vertebrae, with the left kidney typically somewhat more superior in position than the right. (medscape.com)
  • The blood supply to the kidneys arises from the paired renal arteries at the level of L2. (medscape.com)
  • The renal veins drain the kidneys in a similar distribution, and the renal vein is generally anterior to the renal artery at the hilum. (medscape.com)
  • About 9 out of 10 kidney cancers are renal cell carcinomas. (massgeneral.org)
  • Urothelial carcinomas of the renal collecting system accounts for approximately 8% of kidney tumours, and other tumours, such as oncocytomas, collecting duct tumours, and renal sarcomas, are rare. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Determination of subtypes of cystic renal cell carcinomas by imaging is still challenging due to overlap of common imaging features. (radiologykey.com)
  • There are various types of renal cell carcinomas with distinct underlying molecular features, unique immunophenotypes, varying degrees of clinical outcomes, and therapeutic implications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney is a rare and a recently described tumor with a favorable prognosis. (journalmc.org)
  • Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney (CDC) is an aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma with a dismal prognosis. (e-urol-sci.com)
  • 11 Locally advanced cancers have a significantly worse prognosis than localized tumors. (ahrq.gov)
  • Cystic renal tumors, overall, have excellent prognosis and less aggressive metastatic behavior compared with solid renal tumors. (radiologykey.com)
  • Patients with congenital mesoblastic nephroma almost always have an excellent prognosis when the tumor has been completely excised. (cap.org)
  • After the renal artery was controlled by Hem-o-lok, the left renal vein was dissected through descending colon mesentery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The left renal vein was divided by EndoGIA for high-risk Mayo grade 0 TT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Left renal vein TT is more complicated than right renal vein TT and the length of Mayo grade 0 TT determines the complexity of the surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If it is a low-risk Mayo grade 0 TT, the end of the TT is on the left side of the mesenteric artery, the left renal vein can be fully controlled by traditional approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The imaging examination of case 3 showed left kidney tumor with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, left renal vein TT (Mayo grade 0) and multiple lung metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The right gonadal vein empties directly into the cava, whereas the left gonadal vein generally empties into the left renal vein. (medscape.com)
  • There was no invasion in the surrounding perinephric fat or in the renal vein in the hilum. (journalmc.org)
  • Perirenal extension and renal vein thrombosis have been reported. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Generally, the left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein inferiorly, while the left suprarenal vein drains into the superior aspect of the renal vein at approximately the same level. (medscape.com)
  • Posteriorly, the left second lumbar vein typically drains into the left renal vein as well. (medscape.com)
  • The left renal vein then crosses under the origin of the superior mesenteric artery to reach the IVC. (medscape.com)
  • On the right side, the renal vein and gonadal vein drain separately and directly into the IVC. (medscape.com)
  • RCC can trigger thrombus formation in the renal vein, which occasionally propagates into the vena cava. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tumor invasion of the vein wall is uncommon. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Urinary tract ultrasound, enhanced MRI, MRA, chest CT and bone scan were performed before surgery to determine the location, size and metastasis of the tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The imaging examinations of case 2 showed a left kidney tumor with venous TT (Mayo grade 1), accompanied by left adrenal gland metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The risk of the emergence of pulmonary metastasis of renal carcinoma after surgery has been estimated between 30 and 40 percent, with average delay of 15 months [ 1 ]. (cdlib.org)
  • Metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) to the thyroid gland is rare, and simultaneous occurrence of ccRCC and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is even rarer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the case of multiple tumors, the possibility of thyroid metastasis should not be ignored during the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PTC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • After the operation, the pathological examination results suggested the following: Renal clear cell carcinoma, pT1aN0M0, the tumor sized ~4.0×4×3.5 cm 3 , with no lymph node cancer metastases or distant metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The 2002 pTNM (for pathologic Tumor Lymph Node and Metastasis ) classification system was used for pathologic staging [ 4 ]. (journalmc.org)
  • Note that presence of tumor within the adrenal gland is not interpreted as metastasis. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • Go to Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Sarcomatoid and Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • Does prior pelvic radiotherapy increase the rate of benign anastomotic stricures following radical cystectomy and urinary diversion? (urologyspecialist.com.au)
  • ccRCC has previously been reported to metastasize to normal thyroid tissue ( 7 ) or benign thyroid tumors ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Renal masses are a biologically heterogeneous group of tumors, ranging from benign masses, to indolent cancers that behave in a benign fashion, and finally, extremely aggressive and deadly cancers. (ahrq.gov)
  • 1,2 The true incidence of renal masses (including benign lesions) is unknown, but benign lesions comprise approximately 20% of surgically resected tumors. (ahrq.gov)
  • Preoperative patient and tumor (imaging) characteristics are used to stratify the risk of benign versus malignant disease, and indolent versus aggressive cancers. (ahrq.gov)
  • Commonly encountered cysts on ultrasound (US) and cross-sectional imaging (CT and MR imaging) mostly are benign simple cortical renal cysts. (radiologykey.com)
  • Complex cysts, on imaging, may be seen as part of benign cysts, renal infection, and cystic neoplasms, including cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which can be distinctly identified due to characteristic imaging features. (radiologykey.com)
  • Bosniak classification is based on findings on contrast-enhanced CT scans, dividing renal cysts into 4 broad categories (I-IV) proposed to distinguish malignant from benign cystic lesions. (radiologykey.com)
  • Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor originating from the adrenal cortex. (journalajrru.com)
  • Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a rare hereditary neurocutaneous disorder characterized by benign and malignant tumors in multiple organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Early radiological assessment after surgery showed no residual hepatic or renal disease, but possible involvement of the mesenteric lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another type of surgery is called ablation, which uses radiofrequency waves or freezing with cryoprobes to destroy tumors. (massgeneral.org)
  • Sometimes the surgeon is certain that all tumor was removed at the time of surgery and can alleviate patient anxiety (frozen margins at the time of surgery can be helpful here). (blogspot.com)
  • The incision is usually on the left or right side of the upper abdomen, starting at the back and not the convention midline approach as is used for bowel surgery. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Surgery is important for debulking of disease (large tumours). (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Renal malakoplakia may imitate renal lead and tumors to needless surgery. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • A nephrectomy could be a choice for unifocal malakoplakia, however the preoperative medical diagnosis of renal malakoplakia in suitable scientific configurations can prevent needless surgery. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Treatment for renal cell cancer is tailored to each individual and may include surgery, precision cancer medicines, immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy. (yourcancercare.com)
  • Increasingly, renal cell cancers are diagnosed at an earlier stage, and nephron-sparing surgery and thermal ablation are gaining acceptance as a treatment of choice for smaller tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Surgery is the standard treatment option for those with kidney tumours who are fit for surgery. (snec.com.sg)
  • However, thanks to the technologic advantages offered to urology by daVinci Robot, robotic surgery in treatment of renal cancers has come to the fore. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • Image-1: Open Nephrectomy - During open kidney surgery, 3 layers of muscle composing abdominal wall are cut through consecutively with a big flank incision. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • The hepatic and renal masses were confirmed to be metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Grossly, tumors presented as well-circumscribed solid masses, contained in the renal capsule in all cases. (journalmc.org)
  • 2. Renal artery embolization (RAE) has been described for cases of severe nephrotic syndrome (NS) , renal masses at risk for hemorrhage with resection (i.e., tuberous sclerosis-associated angiomyolipomas), and acute renal hemorrhage associated with trauma. (kireportscommunity.org)
  • All solid renal masses and cystic lesions with solid components are suspicious for renal cell carcinoma. (ahrq.gov)
  • 1, 19-21 In addition, all current standard imaging modalities (CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound) are able to provide insight into whether renal masses are localized or locally advanced, thus suggesting pathologic aggressiveness. (ahrq.gov)
  • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation is a safe alternative imaging modality for the assessment of complex cystic renal masses in patients with renal impairment. (radiologykey.com)
  • See Renal Cell Carcinoma: Recognition and Follow-up, a Critical Images slideshow, to help evaluate renal masses and determine when and what type of follow-up is necessary. (medscape.com)
  • Despite these reports , there is still a widespread belief among urologists that enucleation is unsafe with a high risk of incomplete tumor excision, especially for larger lesions. (blogspot.com)
  • Focal renal lesions are usually poorly defined and hypoechoic on ultrasound study. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • It also can determine if there are any lesions or tumors in a kidney. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • A large hypodense lesion in segment VI of the liver and additional smaller hypodense lesions in the right lobe were also noted. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cancer is Renal Cell Carcinoma without any complicating sub-types. (adjb.net)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and has the highest mortality rate of all genitourinary cancers, [3] while kidney cancer overall is the 8th most common cancer in the United States. (kidney.org)
  • When cancer begins in the tissues of a kidney, it is called kidney cancer (or renal cancer). (massgeneral.org)
  • According to the ACS , renal cell carcinoma (also known as renal cell cancer) is "by far the most common type of kidney cancer. (massgeneral.org)
  • Radiotherapy to the prostate bed is used to eradicate residual microscopic disease following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. (ima.org.il)
  • Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is a rare and aggressive subtype of renal cancer arising from the collecting duct epithelium of the kidney with an incidence of 0.4%-1.8% of all renal tumors. (e-urol-sci.com)
  • Kidney cancer, commonly known as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), originates within the renal cortex (outer layer of the kidney as opposed to the urine collecting system), and constitutes 80 to 85% of primary renal tumours. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Kidney cancer often presents late in the course of the disease, usually with a very large mass sometimes more than 20cm in size. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) are the two most common types of kidney cancer. (ahrq.gov)
  • Radiation therapy is not typically used for the treatment of renal cell cancer. (yourcancercare.com)
  • Precision cancer medicine uses targeted drugs and immunotherapies engineered to directly attack the cancer cells with specific abnormalities, leaving normal cells largely unharmed. (yourcancercare.com)
  • The following are simplified definitions of the various stages of renal cell cancer. (yourcancercare.com)
  • It is the fifth most common childhood cancer and one of the most common tumors of the abdomen in children. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • If the tumor ruptures, cancer cells could spread to other tissues of the body. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • MRI can determine if there are metastases or cancer that has spread, any tumor cells in the lymph nodes and if any other organs are involved. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (see the image below) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Renal cancer occurs in a sporadic (nonhereditary) and a hereditary form, and both forms are associated with structural alterations of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p). (medscape.com)
  • Genetic studies of the families at high risk for developing renal cancer led to the cloning of genes whose alteration results in tumor formation. (medscape.com)
  • Renal cell cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in tubules of the kidney. (hoacny.com)
  • Smoking and misuse of certain pain medicines can affect the risk of renal cell cancer. (hoacny.com)
  • Signs of renal cell cancer include blood in the urine and a lump in the abdomen. (hoacny.com)
  • Renal cell cancer (also called kidney cancer or renal cell adenocarcinoma ) is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the lining of tubules (very small tubes) in the kidney. (hoacny.com)
  • Having a family history of renal cell cancer. (hoacny.com)
  • These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by renal cell cancer or by other conditions. (hoacny.com)
  • Inherited conditions that predispose one to kidney cancer include von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, and hereditary non-VHL clear cell and papillary renal cell cancer. (snec.com.sg)
  • Samples of kidney tumour tissue are removed and examined under the microscope to confirm the presence of cancer. (snec.com.sg)
  • Our aim in here is removing only the cancerous tumor tissue and leaving healthy part to the patient, while keeping the cancer under control. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • When this screening suggests prostate cancer, additional steps are taken to determine if prostate tumors are present and if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. (nwurology.com)
  • Cryotherapy involves freezing the prostate cancer cells while leaving the surrounding tissue unaffected. (nwurology.com)
  • Even when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, removing the primary tumor in the kidney provides information that guides subsequent treatment protocols. (nwurology.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Histological slides were reviewed and diagnosis of renal MTSCC was based on the criteria established by the WHO classification system [ 2 , 3 ]. (journalmc.org)
  • Histological analysis revealed a tumor comprised of tubular structures set in a mucinous background. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods -The histological features of primary adrenal tumours reported over a 30 year period (1970 to 1999) in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong were reviewed and the clinicopathological features of adrenal lipomatous tumours were analysed. (bmj.com)
  • The histological reports of primary adrenal tumours between 1 January 1970 and 31 December 1999 were retrieved. (bmj.com)
  • Flow cytometry for ploidy analysis was used to analyse tumours with atypical histological features by adopting the previously described methodology. (bmj.com)
  • Case 1 imaging examination revealed a left kidney tumor with venous TT (Mayo stage 1) and multiple lung metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A few months later, hepatic and contralateral renal metastases were detected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although RCC has been characterised as a radioresistant tumour, conventional and stereotactic radiation (focused on one area) are frequently useful to treat a single or limited number of metastases. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • In these settings, the indication of radiation is similar to that in metastases from other tumour types. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • The peritoneum is a common site of metastases for gastrointestinal tumors that predicts a poor outcome. (stanford.edu)
  • 5 The greatest increase in incidence was noted in small, clinically-localized tumors (i.e. tumors within the kidney with no evidence of local spread, lymph node involvement or distant metastases), now upwards of 40% of all kidney cancers. (ahrq.gov)
  • 4 While renal cell carcinoma only represents 2% of adult cancers, it is among the most lethal, with approximately 35% of patients dying within 5 years of diagnosis. (ahrq.gov)
  • 9, 10 Importantly, approximately 40% of clinically localized tumors are determined to be locally-advanced cancers (stage T3, with invasion of perinephric fat or venous structures) at pathological examination. (ahrq.gov)
  • Unlike alternative ablative therapies, electroporation does not affect the structural integrity of surrounding tissue, thereby enabling tumors in the vicinity of vital structures to be treated. (rsna.org)
  • IRE uses HVEPs to cause cell death by inducing membrane disruption, and it is primarily used as a radical ablative therapy in the treatment of soft-tissue tumors in the liver, kidney, prostate, and pancreas. (rsna.org)
  • The tissue of origin for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the proximal renal tubular epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • Tumours with adipose tissue as the sole or one of the major components were selected for review. (bmj.com)
  • Advanced disease - This includes tumour invading beyond Gerota's fascia (covering capsule of both the kidney and the adrenal gland above it) or extending into the ipsilateral (same side) adrenal gland and metastatic disease to the rest of the body. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Renal capsule intact. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • The tumor was found to be focally invading into the perinephric fat, beyond the renal capsule. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some of the terminal branches of the interlobular arteries become perforating radiate arteries, which supply the renal capsule. (medscape.com)
  • Results -Adrenal lipomatous tumours were noted in 20 patients (12 men, eight women), and they accounted for 4.8% of the primary adrenal tumours reported. (bmj.com)
  • Calcification or bone was noted in one third (seven of 20) of the adrenal tumours. (bmj.com)
  • Primary adrenal tumours encountered in clinical practice are often functioning tumours, such as adrenal cortical adenomas or pheochromocytomas. (bmj.com)
  • 3 Adrenal tumours of uncommon pathology were more frequently reported. (bmj.com)
  • 10, 12, 13 Over the 30 year study period, 418 primary adrenal tumours were recorded in the pathology file. (bmj.com)
  • Thus, adrenal lipomatous tumours comprised 4.8% (20 of 418) of primary adrenal tumours. (bmj.com)
  • All patients with left renal cell carcinoma and venous TT (high-risk Mayo grade 0 and 1) who were performed single-position LRN and tumor thrombectomy were involved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He underwent right radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy performed under extracorporeal circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Primary renal tumors account for 2%-3% of all human malignancy, and the major subtype is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (ijpmonline.org)
  • During December 2008, in a setting of stable disease, he underwent hepatic resection and enucleation of the left renal mass. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In April 2018, the patient underwent radical resection of the left kidney for ccRCC at Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Chongqing, China). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients who underwent nephrectomy over a period of 30 years (1987-2016) in a large tertiary medical center. (ima.org.il)
  • A total of 1674 patients underwent nephrectomy during the study period. (ima.org.il)
  • Of those, 553 (33%) and 294 patients (17.5%) underwent left nephrectomy and radical left nephrectomy, respectively. (ima.org.il)
  • The patient inside our survey Gemcitabine HCl novel inhibtior acquired renal malakoplakia but underwent a nephrectomy using the scientific medical diagnosis of a renal tumor. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • He underwent a still left radical nephrectomy. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Larger or central tumors are more likely to be invasive, but small peripheral tumors may also be invasive. (ahrq.gov)
  • Radical nephrectomy is the standard for larger and central tumors. (medscape.com)
  • A "microscopic" positive margin, a margin noted by the pathologist under the microscope after the tumor has been removed, warrants careful consideration. (blogspot.com)
  • The microscopic differential diagnoses are Whipples lipodystrophy, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, megalocytic interstitial nephritis and granular cell tumor [1]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Percutaneous renal mass sampling is offered as a diagnostic adjunct to traditional axial imaging with contrast. (ahrq.gov)
  • A 39-year-old man, who had undergone left nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type, was noted to have a solitary nodular shadow in the right lung on chest X-ray. (cdlib.org)
  • The lung is one of the most frequently affected metastatic sites in patients with renal cell carcinoma. (cdlib.org)
  • Nearly 30 percent of all patients with renal cell carcinoma will eventually present with metastatic disease after radical nephrectomy. (cdlib.org)
  • Many reports suggest a role for pulmonary metastasectomy in managing metastatic renal cell carcinoma [ 1 ]. (cdlib.org)
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid lesion within the kidney and accounts for ~90% of all kidney malignancies. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Please note: The information on this page refers to renal cell carcinoma. (massgeneral.org)
  • Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney is a rare and a distinctive renal tumor with a relatively indolent behavior. (journalmc.org)
  • Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma, which has recently been described in case reports or small series [ 1 ]. (journalmc.org)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common subtype of adult renal tumors, and its detection rate in the early stages has been increased in the dawn of advanced imaging modalities. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Here, we take the opportunity to report an unusual association of heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD) with clear cell subtypes of renal cell carcinoma in a 48-year-old male of Indian ethnicity. (ijpmonline.org)
  • To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first reports demonstrating concurrent heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD) with clear cell subtypes of renal cell carcinoma in a 48- year-old male of Indian ethnicity. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Succinate dehydrogenase-deficient (SDH-deficient) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare subtype of RCC. (sajo.org.za)
  • Succinate dehydrogenase- (SDH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare subtype of RCC, estimated to comprise 0.05% - 0.2% of all cases of RCC globally. (sajo.org.za)
  • The large, rapidly Gemcitabine HCl novel inhibtior growing nodules of malakoplakia may mimic renal cell carcinoma in imaging studies. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • A unifocal renal lesion is usually uncommon and can resemble a necrotic renal cell carcinoma [1]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • 8 However, the deaths due to renal cell carcinoma are driven by the failure of systemic treatments in metastatic (later stage) patients. (ahrq.gov)
  • No test is effective at screening for renal cell carcinoma, and most tumors are detected incidentally during an evaluation for unrelated or non-specific complaints. (ahrq.gov)
  • Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) described as an entity with low-grade and low malignant potential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Originally, mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) was described as an unclassifiable tumor in 1998 (Lima et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma may remain clinically occult for most of its course. (medscape.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasms arising from the kidney. (medscape.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma develops in nearly 40% of patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease and is a major cause of death among these patients. (medscape.com)
  • Deletions of 3p occur commonly in renal cell carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. (medscape.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary tract is a rarely encountered tumor. (shengsci.com)
  • Renin-producing germ cell tumor in the pineal apparatus and mediastinum: A rare case report. (shengsci.com)
  • We herein present the first case of renin-producing germ cell tumors in the pineal apparatus and mediastinum. (shengsci.com)
  • Differential diagnoses in radiologic studies include local abscess, granuloma, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, lymphoma and multifocal primary or metastatic tumors [8]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Local recurrence and metastatic tumors may occur in up to 10% of cases. (cap.org)
  • To investigate the genomic features of tertiary pattern 5 (TP5) on radical prostatectomy specimens in an effort to explain the poor clinical outcomes associated with this disease subtype. (bjuinternational.com)
  • To assess the frequency and the clinical significance of pancreatic injuries during nephrectomy. (ima.org.il)
  • Demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics are used to risk-stratify patients, and nomograms exist that combine these characteristics into composite models to classify tumors preoperatively. (ahrq.gov)
  • This review summarizes the use of high-voltage electrical pulses (HVEPs) in clinical oncology to treat solid tumors with irreversible electroporation (IRE) and electrochemotherapy (ECT). (rsna.org)
  • In wake of complete clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessment left radical nephrectomy and adrenalectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In each case, the clinical presentation, location of the tumour, and the outcome for the patient were studied. (bmj.com)
  • No comparisons were possible concerning renal functional outcomes because of non‐homogeneous data reporting. (bjuinternational.com)
  • Gross pathologic findings of congenital mesoblastic nephroma typically include tumor, which may measure up to or greater than 10.0 cm. (cap.org)
  • All patients were female without history of genitourinary or renal malignancy. (journalmc.org)
  • 3, 16-18 The best predictors of malignancy are male sex and tumor size, although computed tomography (CT) enhancement patterns have also been able to predict histology in up to 85% of cases. (ahrq.gov)
  • Especially during excision of large tumors, sometimes 12 th rib has also to be removed through the same incision. (tibeterdogru.com)
  • Note that histologic capsular penetration is NOT the same as a tumor spill or rupture which would have made this tumor a Stage III. (pedsurglibrary.com)
  • Another 20% of cases include mixed-type congenital mesoblastic nephroma, those tumors containing histologic features of both cellular and classical congenital mesoblastic nephroma. (cap.org)
  • I haven't had any symptoms, other than some slight deep aches in my left flank area. (cancer.org)
  • The median age of the four patients was 50 years, 2 patients presented with a unilateral flank pain and the tumor was asymptomatic in the 2 other cases. (journalmc.org)
  • Case display A 55-year-old Iranian guy was hospitalized because of left flank discomfort for five years before entrance aswell as dysuria, urinary regularity, and a loss of urinary caliber and drive. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • A case of a 23-year-old male is discussed with an incidental renal mass in the left kidney after a workup of bilateral flank pain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the tumour is often indolent, it has a strong association with hereditary disease, most commonly paraganglioma and/or pheochromocytoma, and genetic testing is advised. (sajo.org.za)
  • In November 2021, thyroid ultrasound Doppler revealed hypoechoic nodules in the left thyroid gland, resembling Chinese-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS) 4C (nodule 1: Red arrow) and C-TIRADS 4B (nodule 2: Green arrow) ( Fig. 3A ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Macroscopically, tumors presented as solid grayish white well-demarcated unencapsulated nodules with foci of hemorrhage in 2 cases. (journalmc.org)
  • A 58-year-old man with mRCC developed acute coronary syndrome (ischemia/infarction) associated with critical sub-occlusion of the common trunk of the left coronary artery and some of its branches, which was documented on coronary angiography. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first branch off of the renal artery is the inferior suprarenal artery. (medscape.com)
  • The renal artery then branches off into 5 segmental branches. (medscape.com)
  • Renal pelvic and superior ureteric branches also originate from the renal artery and supply the upper portion of the collecting system (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Congenital mesoblastic nephroma represents approximately 2-4% of all pediatric renal neoplasms. (cap.org)
  • Multiple enlarged upper abdominal and left renal hilar lymph nodes were seen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On gross examination, a 10.5 × 9.0 × 6.0 cm well-circumscribed tumor mass was found at the lower pole with necrosis on the cut surface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Almost 70% of the tumor showed sarcomatoid differentiation and tumor necrosis was also present. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumors demonstrate a white-tan and firm cut surface but they also demonstrate areas of hemorrhage, necrosis and cyst formation. (cap.org)
  • At the end of the behavioral tests, the levels of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interleukin (IL)-1, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD11b/c integrin expression, and synaptophysin immunoreactivity were determined in the brain tissues. (health-e-nc.org)
  • Additionally, greater than 95% of our radical nephrectomies in 2014 were performed using laparoscopy, sparing our patients a larger painful incision through the ribs and potentially weeks or months of recovery. (bidmc.org)
  • Among those, four patients (0.2% of the total group, 0.7% of the left nephrectomy group, and 1.36% of the radical left nephrectomy) experienced iatrogenic injuries to the pancreas. (ima.org.il)
  • We offer active surveillance after nephrectomy to patients who are at lower risk for disease recurrence. (oncologybuddies.com)
  • Conclusion Renal malakoplakia must be kept in mind for patients presenting with a renal mass and a history of long-term recurrent renal infections or renal failure. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • The medical diagnosis of malakoplakia should be considered for patients delivering using a renal mass and NOTCH1 a brief history of long-term repeated renal attacks or renal failing [4]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Since its introduction in 1986, Bosniak classification for renal cysts has been used by radiologists and urologists as a method to stratify patients to plan treatment. (radiologykey.com)
  • Twenty patients (12 men, eight women) with adrenal lipomatous tumours were noted (table 1). (bmj.com)
  • It is usually used for patients who have a kidney tumour and blood in the urine. (snec.com.sg)
  • Patients typically leave the hospital after the procedure or the next day. (nwurology.com)
  • We report two such cases detected incidentally in patients who have undergone nephrectomy for hydronephrosis. (shengsci.com)