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Tumor Markers, BiologicalTumor BurdenTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCell Line, TumorWilms TumorNeoplasms, ExperimentalGenes, Tumor SuppressorCarcinoid TumorTumor Suppressor Protein p53Neuroendocrine TumorsTumor Suppressor ProteinsBrain NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentMammary Neoplasms, ExperimentalNeovascularization, PathologicNeoplasm MetastasisAdenocarcinomaTransplantation, HeterologousGastrointestinal Stromal TumorsXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysCell ProliferationMice, Inbred BALB CAntigens, NeoplasmNeoplasmsNeoplasm Proteins

• Definitions
• Wikipedia
• Web
• Articles
• FAQ

• neuroendocrine

• Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors constitute about 2% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. (diva-portal.org)
• Approximately half of the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are nonfunctional. (diva-portal.org)
• Due to lack of specific symptoms, most patients with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. (diva-portal.org)
• Presence of a metachronous colon adenocarcinoma in a patient with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor has not been reported before. (diva-portal.org)
• In 2002, after the diagnosis of an unresectable, nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, interferon alpha-2b and octreotide were started. (diva-portal.org)
• Therefore, positron emission tomography is a valuable promising option for the evaluation of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and concomitant or metachronous malignancies. (diva-portal.org)
• TKM ), a leading developer of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics, today announced that it presented additional TKM-PLK1 data at the 6th Annual NET Conference hosted by the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NA-NETS) to be held in Charleston, South Carolina from October 4-5, 2013. (globenewswire.com)
• We are pleased to present data at this conference reaching researchers and physicians treating patients who have been diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors. (globenewswire.com)
• We have an ongoing Phase I/II clinical trial with TKM-PLK1, with current enrollment targeting patients with either advanced Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors (GI-NET) or Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC), initiated following encouraging drug activity observed in these indications during Phase I," said Dr. Mark J. Murray, Tekmira's President and CEO. (globenewswire.com)
• Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) refers to a group of unusual and complex cancers that affect neuroendocrine cells, with those arising in the gastrointestinal tract referred to as GI-NET. (globenewswire.com)
• p53 tumour suppressor gene expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour cells. (bmj.com)
• Pancreatic neuroendocrine cell lines (n = 5) and human tumour tissues (n = 19) were studied for changed p53 coding sequence, transcription, and translation. (bmj.com)
• No mutation in the p53 nucleotide sequence of neuroendocrine tumour cell was found. (bmj.com)
• However, an overexpression of p53 could be detected in neuroendocrine pancreatic tumour cell lines at a protein level. (bmj.com)
• This randomized phase II trial studies how well giving temozolomide with or without capecitabine works in treating patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• It is not yet known whether temozolomide is more effective with or without capecitabine in treating patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• I. To evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) associated with temozolomide alone or temozolomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• To evaluate the usefulness of methyl guanine methyltransferase (MGMT) status (by immunohistochemistry [IHC] and promoter methylation) for predicting response in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients treated with either temozolomide or temozolomide and capecitabine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Some people with this condition also develop neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestines. (cancer.org)
• Neuroendocrine tumors are also more common among people with tuberous sclerosis complex and von Hippel Lindau disease. (cancer.org)
• This randomized phase II trial studies how well everolimus works in treating patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver previously treated with surgery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• I. To evaluate if the addition of adjuvant everolimus to the R0 or R1 surgical resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor metastases to the liver will result in an improvement in disease free survival. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• To evaluate the toxicity associated with adjuvant everolimus following resection in patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors to the liver. (clinicaltrials.gov)

• stop the growth of tumor cells

• Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as temozolomide and capecitabine, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Everolimus may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. (clinicaltrials.gov)

• gastrointestinal

• What Are the Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors? (cancer.org)
• Only a few risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoid tumors are known. (cancer.org)
• The most common submucosal tumor of the GIT is the gastrointestinal stromal tumor. (radiopaedia.org)
• Fascin expression and its potential significance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (semanticscholar.org)
• We investigated fascin expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (semanticscholar.org)
• METHODS Thirty gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which were very low (n=6), low (n=2), moderate (n=4), and high (n=18) risk, constituted our series. (semanticscholar.org)
• In addition, gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the small bowel showed higher fascin expression than those in the other localizations (p=0.043). (semanticscholar.org)
• CONCLUSIONS It seems that anatomic localization and the tumor cell type of gastrointestinal stromal tumors show statistically significant differences with regard to fascin expression. (semanticscholar.org)
• Although our series is limited, we think that fascin should be considered as a marker that is worthy of further study for its potential usage as a prognostic indicator in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (semanticscholar.org)
• Immune cells in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (semanticscholar.org)
• Quantitative evaluation of immunohistochemical staining in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (semanticscholar.org)
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. (semanticscholar.org)
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the jejunum and ileum: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 906 cases before imatinib with long-term follow-up. (semanticscholar.org)
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: pathology and prognosis at different sites. (semanticscholar.org)

• Carcinoid Tumors

• They also have an increased risk of carcinoid tumors. (cancer.org)
• Some studies estimate that inherited mutations of the MEN1 gene are responsible for about 10% of carcinoid tumors. (cancer.org)
• Carcinoid tumors are more common among African Americans than whites. (cancer.org)
• Carcinoid tumors are also slightly more common in women than men. (cancer.org)
• People with certain diseases that damage the stomach and reduce the amount of acid it makes have a greater risk of developing stomach carcinoid tumors, but their risk for carcinoid tumors of other organs is not affected. (cancer.org)
• The risk of developing GI carcinoid tumors does not appear to be increased or decreased by any specific foods. (cancer.org)

• Wilms

• Gain of 1q is associated with adverse outcome in favorable histology Wilms' tumors. (icr.ac.uk)
• Feb 158 (2): Although several genes/genetic loci involved in the etiolgy of wilms' tumor have been identified, little is known of the molecular changes associated with relapse. (icr.ac.uk)
• We therfore undertook an analysis by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) of 58 tumor samples of favorable histology Wilms' tumor taken at inital diagnosis and/or relapse. (icr.ac.uk)
• The results suggest that 1q gain at diagnosis could be used to identify patients with favorable histology Wilms' tumor at increased risk of relapse who might benefit from early treatment intensification. (icr.ac.uk)
• What is the abbreviation for National Wilms' Tumor Studies? (acronymsandslang.com)
• What is shorthand of National Wilms' Tumor Studies? (acronymsandslang.com)
• The most common shorthand of "National Wilms' Tumor Studies" is Nwts. (acronymsandslang.com)

• prognosis

• PLK1 has been a target of interest for years, and evidence that patients with elevated levels of PLK1 in their tumors exhibit poorer prognosis and survival rates has been documented in the medical literature. (globenewswire.com)

• diagnosis

• These findings led us to the diagnosis of a primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)

• patients

• Tekmira has enrolled a total of 36 patients in a population of advanced cancer patients with solid tumors. (globenewswire.com)
• Of the 36 patients enrolled, three out of the four ACC patients (75%) treated with TKM-PLK1 achieved stable disease, including one patient who saw a 19.3% reduction in tumor size and is still on study receiving TKM-PLK1. (globenewswire.com)
• Of the two GI-NET patients enrolled, both experienced clinical benefit: one patient had a partial response based on RECIST criteria, and the other GI-NET patient achieved stable disease and showed a greater than 50% reduction in Chromogranin-A (CgA) levels, a key biomarker used to predict clinical outcome and tumor response. (globenewswire.com)
• The ongoing TKM-PLK1 Phase I/II clinical trial, which is currently targeting GI-NET and ACC patients for enrollment, is a multi-center, single arm, open label study designed to measure efficacy using RECIST and tumor biomarkers for GI-NET patients, as well as to evaluate TKM-PLK1's safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics. (globenewswire.com)
• It is expected that approximately 20 patients with advanced GI-NET or ACC tumors will be enrolled in this trial, with a minimum of 10 GI-NET patients to be enrolled. (globenewswire.com)

• protein

• Tekmira's lead oncology product candidate, TKM-PLK1, targets polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a protein involved in tumor cell proliferation and a validated oncology target. (globenewswire.com)

• liver

• In an exploratory laparotomy, a 15 cm-size hepatic tumor was located in the right lobe with multiple satellite lesions in both lobes of the liver. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)

• genetic

• Although the gene that causes tumors in people with the MEN1 syndrome has been found, genetic testing for MEN1 is not widely available. (cancer.org)

• cell

• Inhibition of PLK1 expression prevents the tumor cell from completing cell division, resulting in cell cycle arrest and death of the cancer cell. (globenewswire.com)

• studies

• However, there are only a few studies related to its expression in mesenchymal tumors. (semanticscholar.org)

• expression

• Proliferative activity of tumour cells was determined analysing Ki-67 expression. (bmj.com)
• Fascin expression has been shown to have a potential role in tumor progression for some epithelial tumors. (semanticscholar.org)

• small

• Smoking may increase the risk of getting a carcinoid tumor of the small intestine, according to some research. (cancer.org)

• slightly

• After six months of such treatment, the hepatic tumor has decreased slightly in size, and the levels of serum serotonin and urinary 5-HIAA have dropped. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)

• risk

• People with this syndrome have a very high risk of getting tumors of 3 glands: the pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas. (cancer.org)

• patient

• After surgery for operable colon carcinoma, the patient received chemotherapy and biological therapy for both tumors. (diva-portal.org)

• cancer

• People with von Hippel Lindau disease have an inherited tendency to develop blood vessel tumors of the brain, spinal cord, or retina, as well as kidney cancer. (cancer.org)

• disease

• This disease often runs in families and is characterized by many neurofibromas (benign tumors that form in nerves under the skin and in other parts of the body). (cancer.org)

• location of the tumor

• Gliomas also can be named according to the type of glial cells involved or the location of the tumor. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• This assesses not only the location of the tumor(s) but also their relationship with the spinal cord and the risk of cord compression. (wikipedia.org)

• neuroectodermal

• Medulloblastomas or primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are cancerous, high-grade tumors that start in the posterior fossa, a part of the brain near the base of the skull. (kidshealth.org)
• Astrocytomas are the most common neuroectodermal tumor of dogs. (wikipedia.org)
• The Ewing family of tumors is a group of cancers that includes Ewing tumor of bone (ETB or Ewing sarcoma of bone), extraosseous Ewing tumors (EOE tumors), primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET or peripheral neuroepithelioma), and Askin tumors (PNET of the chest wall). (wikipedia.org)

• cancerous

• Nevertheless, in the decade since the completion of the National Toxicology trial, the U.S. government has yet to encourage or fund additional, follow up studies examining the cannabinoids' potential to protect against the spread cancerous tumors. (norml.org)
• Usually, low-grade tumors are slow-growing, while high-grade tumors are fast-growing and can be cancerous. (kidshealth.org)
• Ependymomas are cancerous tumors that form from part of the central nervous system called the ependyma. (kidshealth.org)
• Craniopharyngiomas are non-cancerous tumors that form at the base of the brain near the pituitary gland. (kidshealth.org)
• Pontine gliomas are cancerous, high-grade tumors that form in a part of the brainstem called the pons. (kidshealth.org)
• Any type of abnormal growth in the body is called a tumor, whether it is determined to be cancerous (malignant) or non cancerous (benign). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Cancerous tumors from the use of tobacco are the leading cause of deaths from cancer, more than any other environmental source. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Primary cancerous tumors are likely to be treated with radiation or chemotherapy, since they cannot be removed surgically. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• A minimal level of intra-tumour heterogeneity is a simple consequence of the imperfection of DNA replication: whenever a cell (normal or cancerous) divides, a few mutations are acquired - leading to a diverse population of cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
• A primary tumor is a tumor growing at the anatomical site where tumor progression began and proceeded to yield a cancerous mass. (wikipedia.org)
• Tumors can influence the microenvironment by releasing extracellular signals, promoting tumor angiogenesis and inducing peripheral immune tolerance, while the immune cells in the microenvironment can affect the growth and evolution of cancerous cells. (wikipedia.org)

• Benign Liver Tumors

• It can be associated with other types of benign liver tumors. (wikipedia.org)

• feed tumors in mice

• A team of researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has uncovered a set of genes that are turned on, or expressed, at high levels only in the blood vessels that feed tumors in mice and humans. (nih.gov)

• cancers

• They found that the CD276 protein was overexpressed in tumor-associated blood vessels from colon, lung, breast, esophageal and bladder cancers. (nih.gov)
• Depending on their location, the spinal cord tumors can be: Extradural - outside the dura mater lining (most common) Intradural - part of the dura Intramedullary - inside the spinal cord Extramedullary- inside the dura, but outside the spinal cord Extradural tumors are mostly metastases from primary cancers elsewhere (commonly breast, prostate and lung cancer). (wikipedia.org)
• Neuroendocrine tumors are uncommon in many of these areas, and frequently represent only a very small proportion of the tumors or cancers at these locations. (wikipedia.org)
• See: Tumor-associated endothelial cells 80-90% of cancer are carcinomas, or cancers that form in the epithelial tissue. (wikipedia.org)

• malignant tumor

• That year, a research team at the Medical College of Virginia (acting at the behest of the federal government) discovered that cannabis inhibited malignant tumor cell growth in culture and in mice. (norml.org)
• Because a malignant tumor may be invasive or metastatic , and metastatic is the more severe condition, the term metastasis is not redundant. (wikipedia.org)
• In these cases differentiation from a malignant tumor is difficult and requires other imaging procedures, follow up and measurements of the tumor at short time intervals. (wikipedia.org)
• The conversion of glucose to lactate rather than metabolizing it in the mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation, (which can also occur in hypoxic normal cells) persists in malignant tumor despite the presence of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)

• neoplasms

• It's a far better developed page than " malignancy ", which seems redundant to me, and we could replace cancer in the title with the more general term " neoplasia " (note that not all tumors are neoplasms, and not all neoplasms are tumors, but together, the two terms cover all of the biological entities on this page). (wikipedia.org)
• In pathology, grading is a measure of the cell appearance in tumors and other neoplasms. (wikipedia.org)
• Spinal tumors are neoplasms located in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
• Extradural tumors are more common than intradural neoplasms. (wikipedia.org)
• Brenner tumors are an uncommon subtype of the surface epithelial-stromal tumor group of ovarian neoplasms. (wikipedia.org)
• Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous systems. (wikipedia.org)
• G1 and G2 neuroendocrine neoplasms are called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) - formerly called carcinoid tumours. (wikipedia.org)

• metastases

• Another report of a malignant glomus tumor (glomangiosarcoma) with metastases is that of Watanabe et al. (wikipedia.org)
• who reported a cutaneous malignant glomus tumor with widespread metastases. (wikipedia.org)
• Placing a given tumor into one of categories depends on well-defined histological features: size, lymphovascular invasion, mitotic counts, Ki-67 labelling index, invasion of adjacent organs, presence of metastases and whether they produce hormones. (wikipedia.org)
• The interplay between the tumor and its microenvironment was part of Stephen Paget's 1889 "seed and soil" theory, in which he postulated that metastases of a particular type of cancer ("the seed") often metastasizes to certain sites ("the soil") based on the similarity of the original and secondary tumor sites. (wikipedia.org)

• occur

• Sometimes, though, only pituitary tumors occur. (cancer.org)
• Normally benign, these slow-growing tumors can occur in various structures of the skull, spine and brain when normal developmental cells are trapped within the growing brain. (ucla.edu)
• Primary tumors of the valves of the heart are more likely to occur in males. (wikipedia.org)
• about one third of the cases of multiple tumors occur in those younger than 20 years. (wikipedia.org)
• A few other cases of malignant glomus tumors have been reported in the literature usually occur in the older age group, and have been described at several locations, primarily the soft tissues and gastrointestinal tracts. (wikipedia.org)
• They most commonly occur in the intestine, where they are often called carcinoid tumors, but they are also found in the pancreas, lung and the rest of the body. (wikipedia.org)
• Evolution of the initial tumour cell may occur by two methods: Sequentially ordered mutations accumulate in driver genes, tumour suppressor genes, and DNA repair enzymes, resulting in clonal expansion of tumour cells. (wikipedia.org)

• Spinal Tumors

• Rapid identification and intervention of malignant spinal tumors, often causing spinal cord compression, is key to maintaining quality of life in patients. (wikipedia.org)
• The goals of surgical treatment for spinal tumors can include histologic diagnosis, tumor local control or oncological cure, pain relief, spinal cord decompression and restoration of neurological function, restoration of spine stability, and deformity rectification. (wikipedia.org)
• The combination of minimally invasive surgery and radiation or chemotherapy is a new technique for treating spinal tumors. (wikipedia.org)

• progression

• First, "benign" tumors are not typically part of a "progression" to malignancy (with rare / controversial exceptions). (wikipedia.org)
• The long-term mutational accumulation may provide a selective advantage during certain stages of tumour progression. (wikipedia.org)
• Extracellularly, PGI is known as an autocrine motility factor (AMF) eliciting mitogenic, motogenic, differentiation functions as well as tumor progression and metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
• Hypoxic adaptation by cancer cells is essential for survival and progression of a tumor. (wikipedia.org)

• histologic

• The histologic tumor grade score along with the metastatic (whole-body-level cancer-spread) staging are used to evaluate each specific cancer patient, develop their individual treatment strategy and to predict their prognosis. (wikipedia.org)
• Pericytes of Zimmerman Malignant glomus tumors have been subdivided into three categories based on their histologic appearance: locally infiltrative glomus tumors (LIGT), glomangiosarcomas arising in benign glomus tumors (GABG), and glomangiosarcomas arising de novo (GADN). (wikipedia.org)

• chemotherapy

• Combined with chemotherapy, electric fields help prevent the growth of deadly brain tumors. (technologyreview.com)
• Current treatment of brain tumors revolves around four main modalities: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and palliative (pain relieving) care. (wikipedia.org)

• solid tumors

• Hypoxic microenvironements in solid tumors are a result of available oxygen being consumed within 70 to 150 μm of tumour vasculature by rapidly proliferating tumor cells thus limiting the amount of oxygen available to diffuse further into the tumor tissue. (wikipedia.org)
• While angiogenesis can reduce this affect, the partial pressure of oxygen is below 5 mm Hg (venous blood has a partial pressure of oxygen at 40 mm Hg) in more than 50% of locally advanced solid tumors. (wikipedia.org)

• types of tumors

• Sometimes when pituitary tumors run in families, they are found along with other types of tumors as part of an inherited genetic syndrome (see the next section). (cancer.org)
• Pituitary tumors can be a part of a syndrome that includes an increased risk of other types of tumors. (cancer.org)
• They also have a high risk of a number of different types of tumors, including pituitary tumors. (cancer.org)

• epithelial

• Phyllodes tumors are a fibroepithelial tumor composed of an epithelial and a cellular stromal component. (wikipedia.org)
• Transitional cell carcinoma is an even rarer entity, in which neoplastic transitional epithelial cells similar to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are seen in the ovary, without the characteristic stromal/epithelial pattern of a Brenner tumour. (wikipedia.org)
• Additionally, the WHO scheme recognizes mixed tumors with both neuroendocrine and epithelial carcinoma features, such as goblet cell cancer, a rare gastrointestinal tract tumor. (wikipedia.org)

• pituitary tumor

• If there's a reason to suspect you might have a pituitary tumor, your doctor will use one or more tests to find out. (cancer.org)
• Signs and symptoms might suggest that you could have a pituitary tumor, but tests are needed to be sure of the diagnosis and find out what kind of pituitary tumor it is. (cancer.org)
• If your symptoms lead your doctor to believe that you might have a pituitary tumor, the first step is take a complete medical history to check for risk factors and to learn more about your symptoms. (cancer.org)
• Your doctor will also examine you to look for possible signs of a pituitary tumor or other health problems. (cancer.org)
• If a pituitary tumor is strongly suspected, your doctor may refer you to an eye doctor to check your vision, as pituitary tumors can damage nerves leading to the eyes. (cancer.org)
• If your doctor suspects you might have a hormone-producing pituitary tumor, hormone levels in your blood and/or urine will be measured. (cancer.org)
• If both levels are very high, the diagnosis is clearly a pituitary tumor. (cancer.org)
• If you have symptoms suggesting this syndrome, you'll need tests to see if it's caused by a pituitary tumor or something else. (cancer.org)
• If you have a pituitary tumor or are close to someone who does, knowing what to expect can help you cope. (cancer.org)
• If you or someone you know has just been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor, this short, simple guide can help. (cancer.org)

• hypoxic

• Having an increased level of GLUT1, in the case of hypoxic tumors, increases the flux of glucose into the cells allowing for a higher rate of glycolysis and thus greater risks of metastasis (as elaborated upon below). (wikipedia.org)
• In hypoxic tumors, hexokinase mRNA abundance is significantly increased as well as protein levels. (wikipedia.org)
• This inflammation effect is not only seen in tumors, but in hypoxic areas of cardiac muscles following a myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack). (wikipedia.org)
• The tumor microenvironment is often hypoxic. (wikipedia.org)

• type of tumor

• The tumor sample is tested and examined under a microscope to learn what type of tumor it is and whether it is low-grade or high-grade. (kidshealth.org)
• This test helps identify the type of tumor. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

• metastatic

• This treatment can be tailored to the particular tumor of the spine, either metastatic or primary. (wikipedia.org)
• This is in contrast to secondary tumors of the heart, which are typically either metastatic from another part of the body, or infiltrate the heart via direct extension from the surrounding tissues. (wikipedia.org)
• Tumour heterogeneity describes the observation that different tumour cells can show distinct morphological and phenotypic profiles, including cellular morphology, gene expression, metabolism, motility, proliferation, and metastatic potential. (wikipedia.org)

• symptoms

• Pituitary tumors are usually found when a person goes to the doctor because of symptoms they're having. (cancer.org)
• But sometimes these tumors don't cause symptoms, and they're found when doing medical tests done for other health problems. (cancer.org)
• A physical exam may alert the doctor to look for this tumor because the signs and symptoms are often very distinctive. (cancer.org)
• Most of the signs and symptoms of ACTH-secreting tumors come from having too much cortisol (an adrenal steroid hormone). (cancer.org)
• Often more than 1 of these tests is needed to help distinguish ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors from other diseases, such as adrenal gland tumors, that can cause similar symptoms. (cancer.org)
• Here you can find out all about pituitary tumors, including risk factors, symptoms, how they are found, and how they are treated. (cancer.org)
• A brain tumor can cause symptoms by directly pressing on the surrounding parts of the brain that control certain body functions, or by causing a buildup of spinal fluid and pressure throughout the brain (a condition known as hydrocephalus ). (kidshealth.org)
• Because symptoms might develop gradually and can be like those of other common childhood conditions, brain tumors can be difficult to diagnose. (kidshealth.org)
• For example, surgery may be done to remove some of the tumor, while drugs can be used to relieve symptoms and sometimes shrink the remaining tumor. (cancer.org)
• With a heart tumor of any type, there may be no symptoms present. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Often the symptoms of a heart tumor develop suddenly and resemble those of other heart diseases. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Because they are rare and their symptoms are so similar to other heart diseases and conditions, primary heart tumors are often difficult to diagnose. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• People with heart murmurs, abnormal heart rhythms or unexplained symptoms of heart failure may be diagnosed with primary heart tumor after a full assessment of family history, symptoms and diagnostic testing. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• The diagnosis of primary spinal cord tumors is very difficult, mainly due to its symptoms, which tend to be wrongly attributed to more common and benign degenerative spinal diseases. (wikipedia.org)
• The diagnosis of primary spinal cord tumors is difficult, mainly due to their symptoms, which in early stages mimic more common and benign degenerative spinal diseases. (wikipedia.org)
• While most primary tumors of the valves of the heart are not malignant, they are more likely to have symptoms related to the valve, including neurologic symptoms and (in a few cases) sudden cardiac death. (wikipedia.org)

• primary

• Primary brain tumors start in the brain. (kidshealth.org)
• In children, most brain tumors are primary. (kidshealth.org)
• Primary tumors are tumors that originate in the heart and are rare, occurring in one out of 2,000 people. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• A noncancerous primary heart tumor (myxoma) usually develops in the left upper chamber (atrium) of the heart and tends to be more common among women. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Nearly ten percent of all primary heart tumors (myxomas) are genetically inherited. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Removing a noncancerous primary heart tumor surgically is an option and results in the elimination of the tumor. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Other surgical procedures may be possible to assist heart function for larger noncancerous primary heart tumors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Some of the most common of the central nervous system tumors are several types of primary (originating from brain tissue) canine brain tumors. (wikipedia.org)
• Meningiomas (arising from the meninges, a neural crest-derived cell) are the most common brain tumor of dogs, accounting for 40% of all primary brain tumors. (wikipedia.org)
• Interestingly, brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds such as the Boxer, Pug, Boston Terrier and Bulldog have a marked (25 times the normal occurrence) predilection for developing primary brain tumors to include glioblastomas. (wikipedia.org)
• Primary tumors of the heart are extremely rare tumors that arise from the normal tissues that make up the heart. (wikipedia.org)
• The most common primary tumor of the heart is the myxoma. (wikipedia.org)
• In surgical series, the myxoma makes up as much as 77% of all primary tumors of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
• About 20 percent of primary tumors of the heart are malignant in nature. (wikipedia.org)
• A subset of the primary tumors of the heart are tumors that are found on the valves of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
• These methods suffer from inherent limitations such as the need to control immune response in the transplant animal, and the significant difference in environmental conditions from the primary tumour site to the xenograft site (e.g. absence of required exogenous molecules or cofactors). (wikipedia.org)
• This immune response did not however affect the primary tumor. (wikipedia.org)
• The primary tumor instead established a microenvironment that is functionally analogous to that of certain normal tissues, such as the eye. (wikipedia.org)

• Secondary

• Secondary brain tumors are made up of cells that have metastasized to the brain from somewhere else in the body. (kidshealth.org)
• Tumors that originate in another part of the body and then spread to the heart are called secondary tumors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• These further tumors are secondary tumors. (wikipedia.org)

• arise

• Glomus tumors do not arise from glomus cells, but paragangliomas do. (wikipedia.org)
• Genetic heterogeneity is a common feature of tumour genomes, and can arise from multiple sources. (wikipedia.org)

• adrenal

• This tumor causes excessive production of cortisol from the adrenal cortex which leads to the classic signs of alopecia (hair loss), polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive water drinking), and a pot-bellied appearance of the abdomen due to muscle break down. (wikipedia.org)

• allow tumor

• In practice, brain tumors are generally considered to be malignant due to the delicate and poorly regenerative nature of neurons and restriction of the brain to the finite space of the cranium which does not allow tumor growth devoid of collateral damage to brain parenchyma. (wikipedia.org)

• Genetic

• Your doctor may ask about your family history of tumors or other problems to see if you might have an inherited genetic syndrome , such as multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I (MEN1). (cancer.org)
• Doctors don't know what causes brain tumors, but researchers think there may be genetic and environmental causes. (kidshealth.org)
• Some kids who have certain genetic conditions have a greater chance of developing brain tumors. (kidshealth.org)
• Multiple types of heterogeneity have been observed between tumour cells, stemming from both genetic and non-genetic variability. (wikipedia.org)

• gliomas

• Then in 2000, they reported in the journal Nature Medicine that injections of synthetic THC eradicated malignant gliomas (brain tumors) in one-third of treated rats, and prolonged life in another third by six weeks. (norml.org)

• vasculature

• The enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) is the observation that the vasculature of tumors is often leaky and accumulates molecules in the blood stream to a greater extent than in normal tissue. (wikipedia.org)

• parathyroid

• This is a hereditary condition in which people have a very high risk of developing tumors of 3 glands: the pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas. (cancer.org)
• Brown tumors may be rarely associated with ectopic parathyroid adenomas or end stage renal osteodystrophy. (wikipedia.org)
• Tumors with similar cellular characteristics in the pituitary, parathyroid, and adrenomedullary glands are sometimes included or excluded. (wikipedia.org)

• bone

• The brown tumor is a bone lesion that arises in settings of excess osteoclast activity, such as hyperparathyroidism. (wikipedia.org)
• it may also be seen in giant cell tumors of the bone. (wikipedia.org)
• Frequently these tumors appear in bone, and not in pre-existing cartilage tissue. (wikipedia.org)
• The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the cellular environment in which the tumor exists, including surrounding blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, signaling molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM). (wikipedia.org)

• surgery

• You might also be referred to other doctors, such as an endocrinologist (a doctor who treats diseases in glands that secrete hormones) or a neurosurgeon (a doctor who uses surgery to treat brain and pituitary tumors), who might order other tests. (cancer.org)
• If imaging studies reveal a brain tumor, then surgery is likely to be the next step. (kidshealth.org)
• Radiation treatment after breast-conserving surgery with negative margins may significantly reduce the local recurrence rate for borderline and malignant tumors. (wikipedia.org)
• The authors of a 2012 study have derived a risk calculator for relapse risk of phyllodes tumors after surgery. (wikipedia.org)

• radiation

• Intracranial tumors (such as glioblastoma) more commonly rely on radiation therapy as surgical access to the tumor may be prohibitively dangerous. (wikipedia.org)

• Choroid

• Choroid plexus tumors in 56 dogs (1985-2007). (wikipedia.org)

• suppressor

• Apart from being as a general tumor suppressor gene, p53 also plays an important part in regulating of metabolism. (wikipedia.org)

• microenvironment

• The tumour microenvironment may also contribute to tumour expansion, as it is capable of altering the selective pressures that the tumour cells are exposed to. (wikipedia.org)
• The tumor and the surrounding microenvironment are closely related and interact constantly. (wikipedia.org)
• The tumor microenvironment contributes to tumour heterogeneity. (wikipedia.org)

• testes

• Germ cell tumors usually form in the testes or ovaries but can also form in the brain and central nervous system. (kidshealth.org)

• Cyst

• Tumor vs. Cyst: What's the Difference? (medlineplus.gov)

• heterogeneity

• This phenomenon occurs both between tumours (inter-tumour heterogeneity) and within tumours (intra-tumour heterogeneity). (wikipedia.org)
• There are two models used to explain the heterogeneity of tumour cells. (wikipedia.org)
• The models are not mutually exclusive, and it is believed that they both contribute to heterogeneity in varying amounts across different tumour types. (wikipedia.org)
• The CSC model posits that the heterogeneity observed between tumour cells is the result of differences in the stem cells from which they originated. (wikipedia.org)
• This heterogeneity may give rise to subclones that possess an evolutionary advantage over the others within the tumour environment, and these subclones may become dominant in the tumour over time. (wikipedia.org)
• This method is more associated with tumour heterogeneity than linear expansion. (wikipedia.org)

• endothelial cells

• By comparing the gene expression profiles of endothelial cells from regenerating liver to those derived from tumor-bearing livers, the researchers found 13 distinct genes that were selectively overexpressed (turned on to a greater degree than other genes) during disease-related angiogenesis. (nih.gov)

• tissues

• As a tumor grows, it rapidly outgrows its blood supply, leaving portions of the tumor with regions where the oxygen concentration is significantly lower than in healthy tissues. (wikipedia.org)
• In some cases tumors that formed in other tissues may produce a cartilage-like matrix, an example of this is the pleomorphic adenoma of the sexual reproduction salivary glands. (wikipedia.org)

• brain

• In 1998, a research team at Madrid's Complutense University discovered that THC can selectively induce apoptosis (program cell death) in brain tumor cells without negatively impacting the surrounding healthy cells. (norml.org)
• Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) brain scans can identify these tumors. (ucla.edu)
• The Neuro-ICU cares for patients with all types of neurosurgical and neurological injuries, including stroke, brain hemorrhage, trauma and tumors. (ucla.edu)
• If your child is diagnosed with a brain tumor, you will learn there are many different brain tumor types and classifications based upon the tumor's cell structure, composition, rate of growth, location, and other characteristics. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• The name and classification of the tumor may change as your doctor gains new information about your child's brain tumor or if the tumor changes over time. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• The types of brain tumors most common in children are not the same as those most common in adults. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• Childhood brain tumors frequently appear in different locations and behave differently than brain tumors in adults. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• Read our overview of childhood brain tumors , or learn about specific types of brain tumors below. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• The Brain Tumor Center at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's is a world-renown destination for children with malignant and non-malignant childhood brain tumors . (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• Meet our brain tumor specialists . (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• What's New in Brain Tumor Treatment? (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• On May 22, 2017, Mark Kieran, MD, PhD, discussed what's new in research and treatment for pediatric brain tumors on Facebook Live. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• A holiday concert brings together a girl and the surgeon who removed her brain tumor. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• Through research and clinical trials, we are leading the way in improving survival rates for hard-to-treat pediatric brain tumors. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• sponsored by American Brain Tumor Association. (danafarberbostonchildrens.org)
• When brain cells grow abnormally or out of control, a tumor (a mass of cells) can form. (kidshealth.org)
• If the tumor puts pressure on certain areas of the brain, it can affect how the body functions. (kidshealth.org)
• When discovered early enough, brain tumors are usually treatable. (kidshealth.org)
• There are many different types of brain tumors. (kidshealth.org)
• A localized tumor is confined to one area and is generally easier to remove, as long as it's in a part of the brain that's easy to get to. (kidshealth.org)
• Diseases like neurofibromatosis , von Hippel-Lindau disease, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome are all associated with a higher risk of brain tumors. (kidshealth.org)
• A doctor who thinks a child might have a brain tumor will do a thorough neurological exam and order imaging studies of the brain: a CT (computed tomography) scan , MRI (magnetic resonance imaging , or possibly both. (kidshealth.org)
• But scientists are pursuing new ways to attack this type of brain tumor, and one company may just be succeeding. (technologyreview.com)
• Two of the most important signs a dog may have an intracranial brain tumor are seizure and unexplained behavioral changes. (wikipedia.org)
• At this time, there is no true cure (100% remission) for brain tumors in dogs (or any species for that matter. (wikipedia.org)

• tissue

• However, blocking angiogenesis requires a delicate balance between tumor and normal cells as most angiogenesis-related molecules are also critical for normal blood vessel growth in the body - for example, during menstruation, pregnancy, or tissue repair. (nih.gov)
• High-grade tumors can invade nearby tissue or spread to other areas in the body (metastasize), and they are more likely to come back after treatment to remove them. (kidshealth.org)
• The neoplastic grading is a measure of cell anaplasia (reversion of differentiation) in the sampled tumor and is based on the resemblance of the tumor to the tissue of origin. (wikipedia.org)
• The grade score (numerical: G1 up to G4) increases with the lack of cellular differentiation - it reflects how much the tumor cells differ from the cells of the normal tissue they have originated from (see 'Categories' below). (wikipedia.org)
• They account for less than 2% of all soft tissue tumors. (wikipedia.org)
• Cartilage tumors form in Cartilage tissue. (wikipedia.org)
• This tissue is not vascularized, which prevents tumors from growing greater than 2mm in diameter without inducing new blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)

• malignancy

• Malignant glomus tumors, or glomangiosarcomas, are extremely rare and usually represent a locally infiltrative malignancy. (wikipedia.org)

• Characteristic

• The study of the tumor metabolism, also known as tumor metabolome describes the different characteristic metabolic changes in tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)

• include

• This may include exams to look for vision or nervous system problems that could be caused by a tumor. (cancer.org)
• Palliative care tends to include corticosteroids to help reduce swelling and edema around tumors as well as anti-convulsant medications to control seizures. (wikipedia.org)
• Tumor detection is based on the performance of the method and should include morphometric information (three axes dimensions, volume) and topographic information (number, location specifying liver segment and lobe/lobes). (wikipedia.org)
• Less common tumors of the heart include lipoma and cystic tumor of the atrioventricular nodal region. (wikipedia.org)
• Some would extend the spectrum to include malignant phyllodes tumors and frank sarcoma. (wikipedia.org)
• NETs include certain tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and of the pancreatic islet cells, certain thymus and lung tumors, and medullary carcinoma of the parafollicular cells of the thyroid. (wikipedia.org)

• growths

• Tumors are abnormal growths in your body. (medlineplus.gov)
• Immune system irregularities that are incapable of detecting and fighting aberrant growths can also lead to tumors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

• tumours

• The World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme places neuroendocrine tumors into three main categories, which emphasize the tumor grade rather than the anatomical origin: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours, further subdivided into tumors with benign and those with uncertain behavior well-differentiated (low grade) neuroendocrine carcinomas with low-grade malignant behavior poorly differentiated (high grade) neuroendocrine carcinomas, which are the large cell neuroendocrine and small cell carcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
• Linear expansion is less likely to reflect the endpoint of a malignant tumour because the accumulation of mutations is stochastic in heterogeneic tumours. (wikipedia.org)

• paraganglioma

• Glomus tumor was also the name formerly (and incorrectly) used for a tumor now called a paraganglioma. (wikipedia.org)

• abnormal

• Causes of tumors vary, but generally are thought to be the result of abnormal regulation of cell division. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

• glycolytic

• While a lack of oxygen can cause glycolytic behavior in cells, tumor cells also undergo aerobic glycolysis, in which they preferentially produce lactate from glucose even given abundant oxygen, called the Warburg effect. (wikipedia.org)
• In the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, AKT1 (also known as Protein Kinase B or PKB), is an important driver of the tumor glycolytic phenotype and stimulates ATP generation. (wikipedia.org)

• abnormally

• This shift therefore demands that tumor cells implement an abnormally high rate of glucose uptake to meet their increased needs. (wikipedia.org)