Tumor vaccination tolerance antigen of tumor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) were historically considered primary effectors of antitumor immunity, solely boosting CTL responses with CD8 vaccines in various tumor types has yielded unpredictable clinical results, possibly because CTLs function suboptimally without adequate CD4 T lymphocyte help. (bmj.com)
As such, successful incorporation of CD4 epitopes into cancer vaccine construction and generation of durable antigen-specific CD4 immunity remains a challenge. (bmj.com)
Using the extracellular domain (ECD) of HER3 as a candidate "oncodriver" tumor antigen, we sought to identify immunogenic HER3 peptides that demonstrate Class II promiscuity and generate anti-HER3 CD4 immunity for inclusion in vaccine development. (bmj.com)
These data suggest that CNS tumors may impair systemic antitumor immunity and consequently accelerate cancer progression locally as well as outside the CNS, whereas antitumor immunity may be restored by combining vaccination with radiation therapy. (xstrahl.com)
In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
If vaccines have been very efficient at inducing antibodies to prevent new infections, until now, vaccines are less efficient at inducing T-cell immunity required to kill cancer cells, because tumors targets are self-antigens that have already been tolerized (contrary to a foreign antigen found in virus, bacteria or other pathogens). (telomium.com)
DCs are thus paradoxically important in cancer, generating both immunity and tolerance. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding the paradoxical importance of dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance will inform the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. (aacrjournals.org)
The adaptive immune system, discovered by Paul Ehrlich, involves the production of circulating antibodies that can provide long lasting, systemic immunity that is specific to antigens expressed by a given pathogen. (aacrjournals.org)
Indeed, the use of peptides for eliciting specific antitumor adaptive immunity is hindered by two main limitations: the efficient selection of the most optimal candidate peptides and the use of a highly immunogenic platform to combine with the peptides to induce effective tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
LECs can modulate dendritic cell function, present antigens to T cells on MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, and express immunomodulatory cytokines and receptors, which suggests that their roles in adaptive immunity are far more extensive than previously realized. (jci.org)
In recent years there has been a shift in perception of DCs not only as inducers of immune reactivity but also as crucial regulators of immunity, which include ability to induce and maintain tolerance and also as effector cells, which are capable to kill tumor cells (NKDCs). (pbkom.eu)
Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to boost the natural immunity against transformed cancer cells, and a series of adjuvants and co-stimulatory molecules have been proposed to enhance the immune response against weak self-antigens expressed on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccines A vaccine is normally a therapy directed at obtaining long-term immunity, or an adaptive immune system response against antigen(s) appealing. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Some investigators also recently verified that the molecular signalling pathways of DC-T lymphocyte interaction might be novel targets for induction of transplant tolerance or handling of allograft immunity. (reninsignaling.com)
The major focus of the Department of Immunology is on Translational Immunology and its spectrum of basic research covers T cell biology, antibodies, antigen presentation and innate immunity. (immunology-tuebingen.de)
All FcgammaRs can crosslink anti-41BB antibodies to strengthen co-stimulation, but activating FcgammaR-induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity compromises anti-tumor immunity by deleting 4-1BB(+) cells. (bioxcell.com)

in general, innate i. is nonspecific and is not stimulated by specific antigens. (theodora.com)
The appearance of tumor specific antigens (TSA) e.g. (pbkom.eu)
Some tumour cells, including those associated with viral infections, have clear, tumour-specific antigens that can be targeted by T cells. (scancell.co.uk)

However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)

While inflammatory injury drives both fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, the tolerogenic microenvironment of the liver conveys immunosuppressive effects that encourage tumor growth. (mdpi.com)
Homocitrullination occurs in the tumor microenvironment and CD4-mediated immune responses to Hcit epitopes can target stressed tumor cells and provide a potent antitumor response in mouse models. (scancell.co.uk)
It has been proposed that four different types of tumor microenvironment exist based on the presence or absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. (aacrjournals.org)

In this study, immunogenic HER3 CD4 peptides effectively overcome immune tolerance to self-tumor antigens. (bmj.com)
Additionally, these results represent a novel strategy to rapidly and reproducibly identify class II-promiscuous immunogenic CD4 epitopes from any tumor antigen for cancer immunotherapy using a DC1-Th1 platform. (bmj.com)
Here, we describe for the first time a streamlined pipeline for the generation of personalized cancer vaccines starting from the isolation and selection of the most immunogenic peptide candidates expressed on the tumor cells and ending in the generation of efficient therapeutic oncolytic cancer vaccines. (elifesciences.org)
These peptides were then tested in our previously described oncolytic cancer vaccine platform PeptiCRAd, a vaccine platform that combines an immunogenic oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) coated with tumor antigen peptides. (elifesciences.org)
However, except for virus-induced cancers, tumor antigens are mostly self or near-self protein epitopes that are often poorly immunogenic and submitted to central and peripheral tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
The host immune system can also contribute to the efficacy of some cancer therapies where the tumor death induced may be "immunogenic" ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Although the principles of cancer immunoediting have largely been defined in mice with immunogenic tumors, it has now been demonstrated that an immune reaction against cancer can also occur in humans ( 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The result is the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, accompanied by an auto-vaccination preventing the recurrence of cancer. (pipelinereview.com)

T RM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic T RM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to T RM responses. (frontiersin.org)
Even though all self-antigens are normally tolerized, ribonucleoproteins are self-elements commonly known to break immune tolerance (to the self) and cause various autoimmune pathologies. (telomium.com)

DC1 pulsed with an overlapping tumor antigen-derived peptide library can identify promiscuous class II peptides for CD4 T cell vaccine development. (bmj.com)
2. The cell biology of MHC class II-restricted antigen processing and presentation: A generally accepted paradigm in fundamental immunology is that CD4+ T cells recognize peptides derived from exogenous (internalized) sources of antigen while CD8+ recognize peptides derived from endogenous sources of antigen (generally, proteins synthesized within the antigen-presenting cell). (upenn.edu)
I have had a longstanding interest in MHC class II-bound peptides derived from endogenous sources of antigen. (upenn.edu)
A total of 139 patients with metastatic melanoma were treated: 54 patients received ipilimumab in conjunction with peptide vaccinations and 85 patients were treated with intra-patient dose escalation of ipilimumab and randomized to receive peptides in accordance with HLA-A*0201 status. (nih.gov)
Tries at cancers vaccination took many forms, from unaggressive immunization with antitumor antibodies to positively generating an immune system response with autologous/allogeneic tumor lysate, artificial peptides, nude DNA or recombinant viral vectors, aswell as administering immune system cells right to sufferers. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Homocitrullinated peptides were identified and assessed in vitro for HLA-A2 binding and in vivo in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mouse models for immunogenicity. (scancell.co.uk)
Human tumor samples were analyzed by targeted mass spectrometry for presence of homocitrullinated peptides. (scancell.co.uk)
This is the first evidence that homocitrullinated peptides can be processed and presented via MHC-I and targeted for tumor therapy. (scancell.co.uk)

In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
Studies in two models of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler's murine encephalitogenic virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) have shown conclusively that epitope spreading plays a pathological role in ongoing disease and that blocking this process by inducing tolerance to spread myelin epitopes or blocking costimulation of T cells (necessary for epitope spreading) blocks (EAE) or inhibits (TMEV-IDD) ongoing clinical disease. (nature.com)
3. "Cryptic" MHC Class I-Restricted Epitopes: In MHC class I antigen processing and presentation, my laboratory has also explored the generation and significance of "cryptic" epitopes that are produced by errors during translation. (upenn.edu)
In this respect, the choice of the targeted antigens remains a critical issue [ 2 ] and the ideal antigen(s) should have the following characteristics : be as tumor specific as possible and stimulate a broad T cell repertoire in the majority of patients (i.e. generate many epitopes in various HLA contexts). (oncotarget.com)

The latter is a tool previously developed by Jacopo, 2020, able to identify tumor antigens similar to pathogen antigens in order to exploit molecular mimicry and tumor pathogen cross-reactive T cells in cancer vaccine development. (elifesciences.org)
to identify tumor antigens before becoming transfused back again to the individual. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

That is, CTL expansion occurs if antigen is recognized on the surface of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). (cellml.org)
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells. (pbkom.eu)

As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
Vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding full-length tumor antigens is a novel option for immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, within the MELOE family, IRES-dependent antigens represent the best T cell targets for immunotherapy of melanoma. (oncotarget.com)
In the field of cancer immunotherapy, the recently described effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD1 blocking antibodies to boost anti-tumor T cell responses is very encouraging [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
However, a significant number of patients are non responders to these therapies and thus, there is still room for improvement using antigen-specific immunotherapy, whether through vaccination or through T cell transfer. (oncotarget.com)
Vac- cination with dendritic cells previously exposed to tumor antigens seems to be one of the most attrac- tive approaches of immunotherapy. (pbkom.eu)
Cancer immunotherapy is not a standard in clinical treatment of tumors, while first attempts were made several years ago. (pbkom.eu)
So far, the most successful passive immunotherapy directed to VEGF is Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the binding of VEGF to its receptors [5], which has been approved, in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of different tumors [6-12]. (researchsquare.com)
As a proof of this concept, we have developed LVGN6051, a humanized 4-1BB mAb-AG that shows high anti-tumor efficacy in the absence of liver toxicity in a mouse model of cancer immunotherapy. (bioxcell.com)

Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
ABSTRACT: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses are required to fight many diseases such as viral infections and tumors. (cellml.org)
CMI) , cellular i. immune responses that are initiated by an antigen-presenting cell interacting with and mediated by T lymphocytes ( e.g., graft rejection, delayed-type hypersensitivity). (theodora.com)
In this respect, we have previously identified two melanoma antigens, namely MELOE-1 and MELOE-2, that were recognized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from HLA-A0201+ patients who remained relapse-free following TIL transfer in an adjuvant setting [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Dendritic cells (DC) are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
Upon completion of this activity, the participant should understand the critical roles of dendritic cells in guiding host immune responses, and the details of how they mature, process, and present antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
Due to the presence of specific receptors dendritic cells (DCs) are able to respond to both intra- and extracellular antigens. (pbkom.eu)
Dendritic cell-based vaccines were tested in many early phase clinical trials in patients with solid tumors, including malignant melanoma. (pbkom.eu)
This work preceded more recent studies illustrating the how B cells transfer autoantigens to other antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages. (yale.edu)

Ribonucleoproteins are protein-RNA complexes delivering a temporospatially coordinated activation of a danger signal (by their RNA part) and presentation of the antigen (by their protein part) in the same phagosome, therefore more efficiently mimicking a viral infection, that any other vaccine technologies (even mRNA or viral vectors). (telomium.com)
We propose a new mechanism of regulation which is implicit in the dynamics of the CTL: According to the model, the ability of a CTL response to become established depends on the ratio of cross-presentation to direct presentation of the antigen. (cellml.org)

Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signaling, relapse frequently occurs after ICB treatment and acquired resistance often emergence after initial response [ 4 ]. (thno.org)
Th1 responses, measured by IFN-γ ELISA, were considered antigen-specific if IFN-γ production was at least twice that of irrelevant control. (bmj.com)
Immune responses to antigens originating in the central nervous system (CNS) are generally attenuated, as collateral damage can have devastating consequences. (xstrahl.com)
The B16 murine melanoma model was used to compare cytotoxic responses against established tumors in the CNS and in the periphery. (xstrahl.com)
Induction of anti-inflammatory T helper (T H )2 responses via epitope spreading may be an important intrinsic immunoregulatory mechanism geared to limit tissue destruction and promote re-establishment of tissue-specific immune tolerance. (nature.com)
The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, the secondary endpoint was induction of antigen specific immune responses monitored at baseline and at weeks 5, 9 and 17. (biomedcentral.com)
1. The cell biology of MHC class I-restricted antigen processing and presentation: My laboratory continues to explore the forces that drive the extremely rapid MHC class I-restricted presentation of both cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum-targeted proteins, and how differential processing could impact both the induction and effector phases of CD8+ T cell responses. (upenn.edu)
Importantly, DCs also help guide the immune system to respond to foreign antigens while avoiding the generation of autoimmune responses to self. (aacrjournals.org)
Healthy humans develop spontaneous CD8+ T cell responses to melanoma associated antigens (MA) expressed by normal melanocytes. (mdpi.com)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)
This Review summarizes the emergent evidence that LECs are important in maintaining peripheral tolerance, limiting and resolving effector T cell responses, and modulating leukocyte function. (jci.org)
The enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses result in higher tumor inhibition that correlates with increased numbers of OVA-specific CTLs at the tumor site. (biomedcentral.com)
Altogether, our study in mice demonstrates that αGC/CD1d-antitumor fusion protein greatly increases the efficacy of a therapeutic CpG-based cancer vaccine, first as an adjuvant during T cell priming and second, as a therapeutic agent to redirect immune responses to the tumor site. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-translational modification of proteins has the potential to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class -I and class-II restricted antigens, thereby resulting in altered immune responses. (scancell.co.uk)
CD8 responses were assessed in vitro for cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor therapy. (scancell.co.uk)
Costimulation of T cell responses with monoclonal antibody agonists (mAb-AG) targeting 4-1BB showed robust anti-tumor activity in preclinical models, but their clinical development was hampered by low efficacy (Utomilumab) or severe liver toxicity (Urelumab). (bioxcell.com)

Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)
CD4 T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells secrete INF-γ/TNF-α, inducing tumor senescence and apoptosis. (bmj.com)
Cytokine analysis of tissues from brain tumor-bearing mice detected elevated TGFβ secretion from microglia and in the serum and TGFβ signaling blockade reversed tolerance of tumor antigen-directed CD8 T cells. (xstrahl.com)
CNS melanomas were more tolerogenic than equivalently progressed tumors outside the CNS as antigen-specific CD8 T cells were deleted and exhibited impaired cytotoxicity. (xstrahl.com)
Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
In a phase I/II trial in patients with metastatic melanoma, direct intra-dermal injection of mRNA coding for relevant tumor-associated antigens was well tolerated and influenced the frequency of vaccine-antigen directed CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as regulatory T cells (T Regs). (biomedcentral.com)
No amount of exogenous, inactivated virus, displaying abundant amounts of NA at the virion surface, could be converted to class II-bound peptide by antigen-presenting B cells. (upenn.edu)
Both of these vaccine types deliver the nucleic acid (mRNA or DNA ) that gives our cells instructions for how to make a harmless antigen-a piece of the so-called "spike protein" from the surface of the COVID-19 virus. (aimatmelanoma.org)
This prevents precancerous cells to transform into large tumors. (telomium.com)
If one had the technology to make the immune system believe that a self element of the tumor (like telomerase or another tumor antigen) is not from the self, but is a virus, the T lymphocyte would then destroy cancer cells now seen as cells infected by a putative virus. (telomium.com)
This is in contrast to direct presentation where antigen is seen on the surface of the target cells (e.g. infected cells or tumor cells). (cellml.org)
They are exceptionally efficient at antigen presentation and also adept at generating just the right type of T cells in response to a given pathogen. (aacrjournals.org)
The roles of antigen-specificity, responsiveness to TGFβ and APC subsets in tumour-induced expansion of regulatory T cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)
LECs are presumably the first cells that come into direct contact with peripheral antigens, cytokines, danger signals, and immune cells travelling from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes. (jci.org)
Immunologists recognized the importance of lymphatic vessels as channels for leukocyte trafficking from peripheral sites to their draining LNs ( 4 - 6 ), and as conduits for soluble antigens that can be taken up directly by LN-resident B cells and immature DCs ( 7 - 10 ), which help regulate the kinetics of antigen presentation. (jci.org)
The lymphatic vessels and secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are arranged in a manner that optimizes interactions among antigens, APCs, and innate and adaptive effector cells. (jci.org)
Bcr/abl, or tumor associated antigens (TAA) in cancer cells may be used theoreticaly in cancer therapy. (pbkom.eu)
Tumor cells in transformation process accumulate products of oncogenes and/or loss the functional products of tumor suppressor genes. (pbkom.eu)
This processes change intracellular signaling roads regulating cell proliferation and/or apoptosis of cancer cells and effect the tumor growth progression. (pbkom.eu)
The aim of the present study is to combine the activation and tumor targeting of activated iNKT, NK and T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation and tumor targeting of iNKT cells via recombinant α-galactosylceramide (αGC)-loaded CD1d-anti-HER2 fusion protein (CD1d-antitumor) is combined or not with OVA peptide/CpG vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
The resulting antitumor therapy is tested against established tumor grafts of B16 melanoma cells expressing human HER2 and ovalbumin. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody-mediated depletion experiments further demonstrate that in this context, CTLs rather than NK cells are essential for the enhanced tumor inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, the development of tolerogenic DCs will lead to antigen tolerance in particular through the expansion of T regulatory cells (Tregs). (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to TLR ligands, CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been shown to efficiently promote the transactivation of DCs through the CD40L-CD40 interaction upon recognition of the CD1d-glycolipid antigen complex by their semi-invariant TCR. (biomedcentral.com)
DCs after that migrate to lymphoid cells where they present the antigens to T cells. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
4) T-cell transfer consists of infusing turned on tumor-specific T cells that may recognize tumor antigens on MHC I and II substances. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
5) PD-L1 is normally portrayed by tumor cells and binds PD-1 on T cells. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
One technique, T-cell transfer, requires first vaccinating individuals with irradiated autologous tumor cell, accompanied by inguinal lymph-node biopsy to harvest the T cells that react to the vaccine. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, and it is significantly increased during tumor development with the aim to supply nutrients and oxygen that support the high rate proliferation of tumor cells. (researchsquare.com)
however, the challenge for T cells is to recognize tumour antigens whilst minimizing cross-reactivity with antigens associated with healthy tissue. (scancell.co.uk)
In tumors, there are all types of immune cells that can have various effects on tumor progression, and a spectrum of soluble cytokines and chemokines that regulates the entry of different types of infiltrating immune cells. (aacrjournals.org)
These cells can be located in the tumor centre (CT), in the invasive margin (IM), or in the adjacent tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). (aacrjournals.org)
However, the number of antigen-specific CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells declined more rapidly and to a greater extent in c-IAP2(H570A) mice than in WT controls. (bioxcell.com)
Tumor-specific neoantigens, which are expressed on tumor cells, can induce an effective antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response and mediate tumor regression. (wjgnet.com)

The cell-based therapeutic vaccine Sipuleucel T targeting the antigen PAP has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and recently by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of asymptomatic - minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC based on a median prolongation in overall survival by 4.1 months compared to placebo controls [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We apply the model to study the role of CTL in cancer initiation, cancer evolution/progression, and therapeutic vaccination against cancers. (cellml.org)
CIGB-247 is a cancer therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a variant of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mixed with the bacterial-derived adjuvant VSSP. (researchsquare.com)
developed a therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a truncated form of human VEGF (aminoacids 26-104). (researchsquare.com)
These studies have now been applied to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in developing anti-tumor vaccines in breast cancer and colon cancer. (yale.edu)

This binding inhibits cell lysis, nevertheless, antibodies to PD-1 or PD-L1 prevents this binding and augments tumor eradication. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
These elicited antibodies impaired the high affinity interaction between VEGF and monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic drug approved in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of different tumors. (researchsquare.com)

These various methods are trying to recognize tumor-rejection antigen(s) and induce an effective immune system response while staying away from autoimmune pathology and stopping immune system evasion. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

In monotherapy, it demonstrated substantial tolerance and promising anti-cancer and auto-vaccinal activity, which included unrelated cancers. (pipelinereview.com)

Our immune systems do a pretty good job of discerning many pathogens and antigens on their own, but vaccines help the immune response to act more quickly to recognize the specific pathogens and antigens that may be harmful if not quickly eradicated. (aimatmelanoma.org)
Most preventive vaccines are not capable of causing illness, other than the typical vaccine reactions resulting from local pain at the injection site (nearly always in a muscle) and a general inflammatory reaction to one or more of the vaccine components-muscle aches, low-grade fever, fatigue-which tend to peak at one to two days after vaccination and then resolve. (aimatmelanoma.org)
Some preventive vaccines are live-attenuated, meaning that the organism itself is used to induce the vaccination, but that organism has been chemically or heat-treated to prevent it from causing fully-developed infection. (aimatmelanoma.org)
Among tumor immunotherapies, neoantigen vaccines are in early human clinical trials and have demonstrated substantial efficiency. (wjgnet.com)

Early tolerance to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of diabetes has been shown to block epitope spreading and disease progression. (nature.com)
Complex cellular interactions between the immune system and cancer can impact tumour development, growth, and progression. (scancell.co.uk)
After years of controversy, it is now recognized that the immune system can play a role in the control of tumor growth and progression ( 1 ), a process known as cancer immunoediting ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)

The immune response consists of an initial magnification phase, which can either be deleterious as in autoimmune disease or beneficial as in vaccinations, and a later downregulatory phase to return the immune system to homeostasis. (nature.com)
A total of 26/33 evaluable patients treated at 1280 μg developed an immune response, directed against multiple antigens in 15 out of 33 patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-vaccination exposure to any of these organisms generally induces a highly protective and boosting immune response in your body, in most cases making it unnecessary to repeat the vaccine series or to receive a booster vaccination. (aimatmelanoma.org)
This antigen sequence represents the complete Bevacizumab binding site and using RFASE as adjuvant, the vaccine (hVEGF 26-104 /RFASE) induces an immune response with VEGF neutralizing activity and anti-tumor effect [15]. (researchsquare.com)
Thus, the tumor has many strategies to evade an immune response. (aacrjournals.org)

The disease course of IBD after vaccination was investigated in 188 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 119 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who had received at least one dose of the vaccine during the clinical remission phase. (bvsalud.org)
With knowledge of the initial immune target, early antigen-specific treatments can block continued tissue damage, epitope spreading and clinical disease. (nature.com)
The follow-up vaccine CV9104 including the additional antigens prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and Muc1 is currently being tested in a randomized phase IIb trial to assess the clinical benefit induced by this new vaccination approach. (biomedcentral.com)
GEO-CM04S1 for Immunocompromised Patients - GEO-CM04S1 is being studied in an ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial (NCT04977024) to evaluate its safety and immunogenicity, compared to the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA-based vaccine, in patients who have previously received either an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, an autologous hematopoietic cell transplant or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. (geovax.com)
The clinical and experimental studies suggest their use in tumor treatment, viral infections and autoimmunological disorders. (pbkom.eu)
This report shows the characterization of the humoral response elicited after vaccination with 400 µg of antigen combined with 200 µg of VSSP in cancer patients representative of the Cuban real clinical practice setting. (researchsquare.com)
TL-532 also demonstrated its remarkable ability to overcome Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) tumor-resistance, thus increasing the clinical landscape for ICI combination treatment. (pipelinereview.com)

Mice lacking C1q or C3 show accelerated rejection of minor H disparate skin grafts and resistance to induction of tolerance. (imperial.ac.uk)

Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)

Such data can be used to model intravascular flow, endothelial shear stress, and altered branching geometry such as that which may occur in localized angiogenesis and around tissue infarction and tumors. (gsk-3signals.com)

Tumour vaccination studies suggest that epitope spreading may increase the efficiency of peptide vaccination. (nature.com)
2009 . Novel multi-peptide vaccination in Hla-A2+ hormone sensitive patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer. (immunology-tuebingen.de)

Dr. Mamula's central research interests are in investigating the early events involved with breaking immune tolerance to self proteins, both in autoimmune disease and in tumor biology. (yale.edu)

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of gliomas is used to define the type and grade of tumor, but the prognosis and response to treatment may vary among tumors even in the same subtype of tumor. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Malignant brain tumors such as for example glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastasis have poor prognosis despite standard therapies. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Tumor lysate In response towards the sentiment which the prognosis for high-grade glioma was hopeless, researchers quickly translated a rodent research within a fibrosarcoma model to GBM in human beings.34 Bloom and his group of investigators examined subcutaneous injections of irradiated, non-necrotic tumor to the typical of caution of radical medical procedures and postoperative rays. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Recently, we have assessed the prevalence of this alternative, endogenous MHC class II-restricted antigen processing. (upenn.edu)

CV9103 is a prostate-cancer vaccine containing self-adjuvanted mRNA (RNActive®) encoding the antigens PSA, PSCA, PSMA, and STEAP1. (biomedcentral.com)
To become really efficient cancer vaccine need to break immune tolerance. (telomium.com)

The poor immunogenicity of MELOE-3 and its expression in melanocytes is consistent with an immune tolerance towards a physiologically expressed protein. (oncotarget.com)

Curative therapies for HCC include surgical resection, liver transplantation, and tumor ablation. (ajmc.com)

We review this stratification and the latest in a series of results that shed light on new approaches for rationally designing ideal combination cancer therapies based on tumor immunology. (aacrjournals.org)

MELOE-1 and MELOE-2, two highly specific melanoma antigens involved in T cell immunosurveillance are produced by IRES-dependent translation of the long « non coding » and polycistronic RNA, meloe . (oncotarget.com)

This immunopeptidomics-based pipeline was carefully validated in a murine colon tumor model CT26. (elifesciences.org)
Importantly, in vivo the homocitrullinated aldolase specific response was associated with efficient CD8 dependent antitumor therapy of the aggressive murine B16 tumor model indicating that this epitope is naturally presented in the tumor. (scancell.co.uk)

Dr. John Goss specializes in adult and pediatric liver transplantation, hepatobiliary surgery, and surgical management of liver tumors. (bcm.edu)

Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of epitope spreading in various chronic immune-mediated human diseases and their animal models is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and to the ultimate goal of designing antigen-specific treatments. (nature.com)
Cellular Components of the Immune System The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)

Seminal work from the Mamula lab elucidated the biochemical forms of autoantigens capable of breaking immunologic tolerance to intracellular autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). (yale.edu)

The significance of this finding for the efficacy of tumor-targeted immunotherapies is largely unknown. (xstrahl.com)

Improved tolerance of therapies for advanced HCC may lead to reduction in treatment discontinuation and contribute to better patient outcomes. (ajmc.com)

Subsequent studies and usages have broadened the meaning, so that vaccinate/vaccination and immunize/immunization are now used interchangeably and generally understood to mean the process of administering a biological material into the body with the intent of preventing a specific illness. (aimatmelanoma.org)

To clarify the possibility of an unfavorable response in patients with IBD, we investigated IBD-related symptoms during the COVID-19 vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
Methods Between October 2021 and February 2022, we obtained the COVID-19 vaccination status of 411 IBD patients who were being treated at our institution. (bvsalud.org)
The baseline characteristics before vaccination were compared between the patients with UC with or without disease flares. (bvsalud.org)
Results During the 30-day follow-up period, eight patients with UC (4.3%) and one patient with CD (0.8%) experienced disease flares following vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
Disease flares occurred after the first vaccination in six patients and after the second vaccination in three patients. (bvsalud.org)
44 Patients received up to 5 intra-dermal vaccinations. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, the treatment of newly diagnosed anaplastic glioma (AG) has changed, particularly in patients with 1p19q codeleted tumors. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Results of trials currenlty ongoing are likely to determine the best standard of care for patients with noncodeleted AG tumors. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Notably, immune infiltrates are highly heterogeneous, not only between tumor types, but also within one patient or between different patients with the same cancer types. (aacrjournals.org)

Anatomy16

Organisms10

Diseases56

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment45

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care10

Immunity17

Specific antigens3

Corresponding antigen-specific1

Microenvironment3

Immunogenic8

Self-antigens2

Peptides8

Epitopes4

Identify tumor antigens2

Professional antigen prese2

ImmunoTherapy9

Lymphocytes4

Dendritic5

Presentation of the antigen2

Responses16

Cells43

Therapeutic5

Antibodies2

Induce an effective1

Cancers1

Vaccines4

Progression3

Immune response5

Clinical7

Mice1

Receptors2

Tissue1

Peptide vaccination2

Autoimmune disease1

Prognosis3

Class II-restricted1

Vaccine2

Protein1

Ablation1

Immunology1

Immunosurveillance1

Murine2

Liver transplantation1

Molecular2

Systemic1

Efficacy1

Therapies1

Immunization1

Patients9