Tumor surface antigen. Medical search. Frequent questions

B-cells have special parts (receptors) that test the antigen to see if they fit together, like a lock and key. (clevelandclinic.org)
Whereas each T cell recognizes a single antigen, collectively the T cells are endowed with a large diversity of receptors targeted at a wide variety of antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Many surface receptors relay signals into the interior of the cell by changing their spatial structure after ligand binding. (news-medical.net)
Once they had successfully achieved this, the researchers used a trick to fish those receptors out of the preparation that had survived the process and were still functional: due to the strong interaction between the receptor complex and the antigen, they were able to 'fish' one of the most medically important immune receptor complexes. (news-medical.net)
2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
They combined the variable region of an antibody with the constant regions of the TCR chains, thus producing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that provided T cells with antibody-type specificity. (nature.com)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
Approximately 70% of all breast cancers are considered HR positive, HER2 negative, meaning tumors test positive for estrogen and/or progesterone hormone receptors and negative for HER2. (biospace.com)
It's the recognition of these peptide MHC complexes by the T cell antigen receptors that initiates most immune responses. (hstalks.com)
In this respect, not only known proteins but also non-coding genetic regions of cells are studied as sources of peptides that can be presented by HLA molecules at the surface of tumor cells and be recognized by T cell receptors (TCRs). (medigene.com)
TCR-T technology arms a patient's own T cells with tumor-specific T cell receptors. (medigene.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CARTs) are a novel cell-based therapy designed to direct host-derived T-cells against cancer cells through tumor-specific surface receptors. (medpagetoday.com)
Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)

Some genes are expressed by tumor cells and not by normal cells. (wikipedia.org)
We are very proud to demonstrate that our high-throughput functional T cell screening approach proves to be a key tool in development of TCR-based cancer immunotherapies that can target a new class of TSAs based on peptides derived from non-coding genetic regions expressed by tumor cells. (medigene.com)

The expression of serum miR‑101 in patients with HBV‑related HCC was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls, and this increase correlated with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, HBV DNA levels and tumor size. (spandidos-publications.com)
Participants who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive are eligible if they have received hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral therapy for at least 4 weeks and have undetectable HBV viral load before randomization. (who.int)

For the structural analysis, the researchers chose a T-cell receptor used in immunotherapy to treat melanoma and which had been optimized for this purpose in several steps in such a way that it binds its antigen as tightly as possible. (news-medical.net)
In these pioneering studies by Steven Rosenberg, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were isolated from patients with melanoma, then activated and expanded before reinfusion into the patients. (nature.com)
In 2006, Rosenberg and colleagues transferred TCR T cells specifically recognizing the melanoma antigen MART-1 in 15 patients, two of whom achieved regression and still showed high levels of engineered cells in circulation one year after the infusion. (nature.com)
Other successful studies quickly followed, such as those demonstrating sustained complete and partial responses in patients with melanoma and treatment of synovial cell sarcoma with TCR T cells against the NY-ESO-1 antigen. (nature.com)
In contrast to other cancers such as adenocarcinomas of the lung or melanoma, primary brain tumors like GB and low grade gliomas (LGG) are known as rather immunologically "cold" tumors, typically with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( 4 ), and the mere amount of TILs is not associated with patient survival ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Injection of in vitro generated melanoma-derived tumor-APCs into subcutaneous melanoma tumors delayed tumor growth and increased survival in mice. (lu.se)
Once the researchers understood this molecular strategy, they began exploring ways to suppress it and sensitize melanoma tumor cells to immunotherapy. (broadinstitute.org)
In a mouse model of extremely immunotherapy-resistant melanoma - which expressed the newly discovered resistance program at high levels - the CDK4/6 inhibitors dramatically improved responses to immunotherapy, and the combination approach significantly slowed or eradicated tumors in roughly half the mice. (broadinstitute.org)
By measuring the levels of this "resistance program," the team could predict how tumors would respond to treatment in larger independent cohorts of melanoma patients. (dana-farber.org)

Antigens are found on viruses, bacteria, tumors and normal cells of your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
Antigens are usually proteins or sugars (polysaccharides) found on the outside of things like cells or viruses. (clevelandclinic.org)
This means that your body recognizes your own cells as you, but other antigens as intruders. (clevelandclinic.org)
Your immune cells make antibodies to recognize and destroy harmful antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
Endogenous antigens exist on cells inside your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
These antigens are sometimes normal parts of a cell that act differently in tumor cells (for example, a tumor cell might make much more of a particular protein than a normal cell). (clevelandclinic.org)
Other times, they come from mutations in the tumor's genes or from a virus inside the tumor cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
What are antigen-presenting cells? (clevelandclinic.org)
Antigen-presenting cells help the immune system mount its attack. (clevelandclinic.org)
There are three types of antigen-presenting cells in your body: macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
In fact, you'll sometimes hear them called "professional" antigen-presenting cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
When one of these specialized cells comes across an antigen, it devours the antigen, breaks it apart and displays parts of the antigen on its cell surface. (clevelandclinic.org)
The T cells inspect the bits of antigen to decide if they recognize the invader. (clevelandclinic.org)
When an antigen enters your body, the B-cells of your immune system inspect it. (clevelandclinic.org)
Once your immune system has seen an antigen, it has special cells that remember it, allowing your body to create a faster and more effective response if it invades again - this is called immunological memory. (clevelandclinic.org)
T lymphocytes are cells of the immune system that attack and destroy virus-infected cells, tumor cells and cells from transplanted organs. (wikipedia.org)
There a process named central tolerance eliminates the T cells that have a receptor recognizing an antigen present on normal cells of the organism. (wikipedia.org)
This enables the T cells to eliminate cells with "foreign" or "abnormal" antigens without harming the normal cells. (wikipedia.org)
It has long been debated whether cancer cells were bearing "tumor-specific" antigens, absent from normal cells, which could in principle cause the elimination of the tumor by the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy is to reactivate these responses to a degree that results in tumor destruction without causing harmful effects on normal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, a new antigen is present only on the tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
The recognition of mutation-induced antigens on tumors by T cells is only one aspect of a more general phenomenon which can rightly be named: T cell immunosurveillance of the integrity of the genome. (wikipedia.org)
Any somatic mutation has a probability of producing a new antigen that can be recognized by T cells. (wikipedia.org)
A class of genes, named cancer-germline genes, is expressed in a large variety of cancer cells but not in normal cells, with the exception of germline cells, which do not carry MHC molecules on their surface and therefore do not present the antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Antigenic peptides derived from the encoded proteins are therefore presented on the surface of tumor cells and not on normal cells. (wikipedia.org)
In some patients, the majority of the tumor-specific T cells recognize mutated antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Our data indicate that certain GSL antigens, especially SGGLs, GD3, and OAc-GD3, are expressed in neural tumor cells and may be considered as tumor-associated antigens that represent important biomarkers for neural tumors. (karger.com)
They are typically produced by tumor cells, but in some cases they may be produced by the body in response to malignancy or to certain benign conditions. (medscape.com)
Cancer antigen (CA) 27.29 is a monoclonal antibody to a glycoprotein (MUC1) that is present on the apical surface of normal epithelial cells. (aafp.org)
Cancer cells acquire genetic heterogeneity to escape from immune surveillance during tumor evolution, but a systematic approach to distinguish driver from passenger mutations is lacking. (nature.com)
Genetic inactivation of the machinery or re-introduction of ANKRD52 frequent patient mutations dampens the JAK-STAT-interferon-γ signaling and antigen presentation in cancer cells, largely by abolishing miR-155-targeted silencing of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). (nature.com)
It is therefore imperative to uncover novel immune evasion mechanisms in the dynamic tumor-immune microenvironment by untangling the genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells. (nature.com)
Rapamycin enhanced expansion of peripheral antigen-specific CD8 T cells and IFNγ production following ex vivo antigen stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)
More CD8 T cells infiltrated and were activated after PD-L1 mAb treatment in mice with immunogenic MOC1 tumors, which were stable or increased by the addition of rapamycin, but suppressed when PD901 was added. (aacrjournals.org)
Rapamycin increased IFNγ production capacity in peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
T cells are our immune system's customized tools for fighting infectious diseases and tumor cells. (news-medical.net)
On their surface, these special white blood cells carry a receptor that recognizes antigens . (news-medical.net)
They carry a special receptor called the T-cell receptor on their surface that recognizes antigens - small protein fragments of bacteria, viruses and infected or cancerous body cells - which are presented by specialized immune complexes. (news-medical.net)
Non-microbial exogenous (non-self) antigens can include pollen, egg white, and proteins from transplanted tissues and organs or on the surface of transfused blood cells. (wikidoc.org)
Cells present their antigens to the immune system via a histocompatibility molecule . (wikidoc.org)
Depending on the antigen presented and the type of the histocompatibility molecule, several types of immune cells can become activated. (wikidoc.org)
By endocytosis or phagocytosis , these antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and processed into fragments. (wikidoc.org)
APCs then present the fragments to T helper cells ( CD4 + ) by the use of class II histocompatibility molecules [2] on their surface. (wikidoc.org)
Tumor antigens or Neoantigens are those antigens that are presented by MHC I or MHC II molecules on the surface of tumor cells . (wikidoc.org)
These antigens can sometimes be presented by tumor cells and never by the normal ones. (wikidoc.org)
More common are antigens that are presented by tumor cells and normal cells, and they are called tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) . (wikidoc.org)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize these antigens may be able to destroy the tumor cells before they proliferate or metastasize . (wikidoc.org)
Tumor antigens can also be on the surface of the tumor in the form of, for example, a mutated receptor, in which case they will be recognized by B cells . (wikidoc.org)
T cells cannot bind native antigens, but require that they are processed by APCs, while B cells can be activated by native ones. (wikidoc.org)
NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. (springer.com)
In 1989, Zelig Eshhar and colleagues realized that the inability of T cells to recognize surface tumour antigens could be overcome by replacing domains of the T cell receptor (TCR) with antibody parts with specificity towards proteins on these cells. (nature.com)
The T cells expressing CARs recognized and eliminated target cells, and produced interleukin 2 in the presence of the antigen, providing a proof of concept that this approach triggers a cellular immune response. (nature.com)
Physiologic recognition of tumour antigens by T cells is mediated by the TCR-CD3 complex. (nature.com)
In 2010, James Kochenderfer and colleagues achieved a breakthrough with a CAR T cell therapy, reporting tumour regression in a patient with advanced follicular lymphoma, who received two infusions of autologous T cells genetically engineered to express a CAR specifically recognizing the antigen CD19 expressed on B cells. (nature.com)
Another ACT developed in parallel to CAR T cells is engineering T cells to express TCRs that recognize tumour-associated antigens. (nature.com)
[1] Unlike chemotherapy , ADCs are intended to target and kill tumor cells while sparing healthy cells. (wikipedia.org)
An anticancer drug is coupled to an antibody that targets a specific tumor antigen (or protein ) that, ideally, is only found in or on tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies attach themselves to the antigens on the surface of cancerous cells. (wikipedia.org)
While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells - CAR-T cells, for short - are an innovative development in the field of oncology, contributing to the emergence of immunotherapy as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment , particularly for patients with late-stage or rare forms of cancer. (corning.com)
CAR-T cells are made using a patient's T-cells , which are harvested through apheresis and built up in a laboratory through the addition of a chimeric antigen receptor. (corning.com)
When the CAR-T cells return to the patient's body, they target cell-surface antigens expressed on tumor cells. (corning.com)
The study used Corning ® Spheroid Microplates - which enable faster, more reliable creation of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids - to quantify the cytotoxic effects of CAR-T cells on tumor cells grown as spheroids. (corning.com)
Results showed that the CAR-T cells specifically targeted the tumor cells and induced cytotoxicity. (corning.com)
In combination with CAR-T cells and cytotoxicity assays, the microplate provides a high-throughput platform for creating and screening tumor spheroids using CAR-T cell assays. (corning.com)
One challenge in using CAR-T immunotherapy to treat solid tumors is delivering the CAR-T cells directly to the tumor. (corning.com)
But though T cells can cross the blood-brain barrier and reach brain tumors, for example, they don't usually arrive in sufficient numbers to kill the tumor. (corning.com)
A vaccination as tumor therapy - with a vaccine individually created from a patient's tissue sample that " attaches" the body's own immune system to cancer cells: the basis for this long-term vision has now been achieved by a team of researchers from the MPI for Polymer Research and the University Medical Center Mainz, in particular from the Departments of Immunology and Dermatology. (mpg.de)
the T cells activated by the vaccine only kill tumor cells that carry the antigen on their surface or even inside. (mpg.de)
Decreased antigen presentation contributes to the ability of cancer cells to evade the immune system. (lu.se)
We used the minimal gene regulatory network of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) to reprogram cancer cells into professional antigen-presenting cells (tumor-APCs). (lu.se)
Within 9 days of reprogramming, tumor-APCs acquired transcriptional and epigenetic programs associated with cDC1 cells. (lu.se)
Reprogramming restored the expression of antigen presentation complexes and costimulatory molecules on the surfaces of tumor cells, allowing the. (lu.se)
Human primary tumor cells could also be reprogrammed to increase their capability to present antigen and to activate patient-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (lu.se)
Our approach serves as a platform for the development of immunotherapies that endow cancer cells with the capability to process and present endogenous tumor antigens. (lu.se)
Reprogramming cancer cells to antigen-presenting cells. (lu.se)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
We will be investigating the antigen specificity and function of these CD8 T cells, in particular examining the influence of persistent viruses such as HCMV. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Now, Accentia Biopharmaceuticals and Biovest International have developed a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) vaccine that teaches the body's immune system to identify and destroy tumor cells while leaving healthy tissue intact. (singularityhub.com)
Normally, NHL cancer cells are ignored by the immune system because their cell surfaces aren't distinguished as abnormal when compared to healthy cells. (singularityhub.com)
In this treatment, patients receive a drug that releases the brakes on their T cells allowing them to kill virally infected or tumor cells. (stjude.org)
The tumor-fighting T cells detect a protein called an antigen on the cancer cells' surface that triggers the attack. (stjude.org)
And their T cells, which would be responding to that tumor, have been exposed to the tumor antigen for a long time. (stjude.org)
They found the culprit was a so-called "epigenetic program" that repressed the T cells' ability to respond to tumor antigens. (stjude.org)
They also found that the exhaustion program persisted, even after the T cells were not exposed to the triggering antigen. (stjude.org)
However, when researchers treated mice that had tumors with the chemotherapy drug decitabine, their T cells showed properties indicating enhancement. (stjude.org)
mAbs are used to target and bind tumor cells expressing cancer-specific antigens and induce cell death. (labmanager.com)
Monoclonals can be used directly to bind to surface proteins on cancer cells to kill or inhibit their growth," explains Dr. Moran. (labmanager.com)
Trastuzumab (Herceptin), for example, targets the HER2 protein on the surface of breast and stomach cells. (labmanager.com)
Unleashing the immune system to fight tumors - an approach enabled by immunotherapy - has led to remarkable outcomes in some cancer patients, but in many more, cancer cells evade the treatment and continue to spread. (broadinstitute.org)
Abnormal cells typically have substances on their surfaces, called antigens, that enable T cells to home in and destroy them. (broadinstitute.org)
But the resistant tumor cells are able to reduce their antigen levels and hide from the immune system. (broadinstitute.org)
As simply diagrammed here, class I MHC molecules display peptides which are derived from intracellular, i.e. cytosolic or nuclear proteins, which as we'll see in a moment, become loaded in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the cell surface where they're recognized by CD8 T cells. (hstalks.com)
Usually the outcome of recognition is killing, for example, of the virally infected or a tumor cells. (hstalks.com)
But these T cells must have already been activated by a different type of antigen presenting cell. (hstalks.com)
Several cells are known to initiate the process of plasma cell differentiation and are known collectively as antigen presenting cells (APCs) (Waller & Renwick, 1994). (referat.ru)
LymphokinesThe antigen on the surface of the APC triggers TH-cells to produce hormone-like lymphokines (Lessof, 1993). (referat.ru)
This complex has several functions: for instance, to immobilise an antigen therefore preventing attack upon host cells, to block active toxic regions of particular bacteria, and to allow phagocytic attack. (referat.ru)
Memory cellsOnce the antigens have been destroyed the plasma cells disappear leaving a few as memory cells which enable a swift response upon second exposure to the antigen (Trounce, 1997). (referat.ru)
Our study has found that bowel cancers have a way of dodging even the newest of immunotherapies-changing their spots by altering the levels of a key molecule on the surface of cells, so that they become harder to recognize. (genengnews.com)
Cibisatamab has shown promising results in early clinical trials, but some tumors are resistant to therapy, and studies in cancer cell lines have suggested that the effectiveness of cibisatamab is dependent upon expression of CEA on the tumor cells. (genengnews.com)
To investigate CRC resistance to cibisatamab sensitivity in a relevant laboratory model the researchers generated mini-tumor PDOs from biopsy samples taken from eight CRC patients, including seven with treatment-resistant metastatic CRC, and another with treatment naïve primary CRC, and co-cultured the organoids together with the CD8 T cells. (genengnews.com)
Expose the body to harmless fragments (antigens) from disease-causing viruses or bacteria and our immune system will produce antibodies and white blood cells (T cells) to attack what it recognises as foreign material. (newstatesman.com)
Under a collaboration agreement with IRICoR and the Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC) of the Université de Montréal, Canada, Medigene gained access to 47 potential TSAs presented by one of five common HLA types that were identified as novel peptides eluted from the HLA molecules of tumor cells. (medigene.com)
The T cell receptor-modified T cells (TCR-T cells) are then able to detect and efficiently kill tumor cells. (medigene.com)
This immunotherapy approach attempts to overcome the patient's tolerance towards cancer cells and tumor-induced immunosuppression by activating and modifying the patient's T cells outside the body (ex vivo). (medigene.com)
This specific construct consists of equal quantities of CD4+/CD8+ CARTs which are transduced separately after apheresis and directed against CD-19 on tumor cells subsequently in a 1:1 infusion. (medpagetoday.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses a person's own T-cells (a type of white blood cell) to treat certain blood cancers. (cancercare.org)
Bispecific antibodies are lab-generated proteins that target specific tumor antigens (as do monoclonal antibodies) but also bind proteins on the surface of T-cells. (cancercare.org)
In a laboratory, the T-cells are genetically re-engineered by adding a chimeric antigen receptor to their surface. (cancercare.org)
In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)
Chemotherapy, radiation, or both are initiated prior to transplantation to enable engraftment of the transplanted cells, decrease tumor size, and reduce immunoreactivity of the recipient. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
An environment for GVHD is formed when antigen-presenting cells are activated by the patient's disease and the pretreatment destruction of cells caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
1 After transplantation, donor T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Extracorporeal photopheresis inactivates antigen-presenting cells and T cells, whereas TNF antagonists decrease cellular activation and local tissue damage. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
CD20 is an antigen expressed on the surface of B cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
4 One of the primary pathways in which T cells are activated is through antigen-presenting cells such as B cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Rituximab attaches to the CD20 surface of mature B cells and destroys both normal and malignant B cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
CD20, a surface antigen expressed in cells of B-lympho- cent recent infarctions. (cdc.gov)
Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are relatively restricted to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are unique to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
However, several antigens with selective expression on the surface of tumor cells are not associated with the major histocompatibility complex and may be candidates for therapeutic targeting. (msdmanuals.com)
References Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
Elranatamab is an antibody that binds to both CD3 on T-cells and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), which are expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells. (medscape.com)
Research on detection methods included voided urine flow cytometry, evaluation of DNA flow cytometry, use of the epithelial surface marker epithelial membrane antigen, use of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of exfoliated bladder cancer cells, and acetylation phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
Determination of 35 cell surface antigen levels in malignant pleural effusions identifies CD24 as a marker of disseminated tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
Immunotherapies with antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC) and CAR-T cells, targeted at tumor surface antigens (surfaceome), currently revolutionize clinical oncology. (lu.se)
HER2 is found in large amounts on the surface of some cancer cells where it stimulates their growth. (who.int)
In these studies, we ask provocative questions about, and challenge the current perception of how tumor cells receive and transfer complex biological information. (lu.se)
However, the identification of internalizing surface antigens for specific drug targeting of tumor cells remains a challenge of high clinical relevance. (lu.se)
By using direct reprogramming strategies, I could induce the expression of tumor antigens on the surface of cancer cells, making them visible to the immune system again. (lu.se)
We focused particularly on harnessing reprogramming, or direct cellular reprogramming, to induce antigen presentation in cancer cells. (lu.se)
when it comes to cancer they are critical as they present tumor antigens to the killer cells of the immune system and orchestrate the anti-tumor immune response. (lu.se)
However, cDC1 can be compromised in cancer patients and some cancer cells lack these antigen-presenting proteins on their surface, impacting immunotherapy response. (lu.se)
Direct reprogramming strategies with cDC1-specific factors can induce antigen-presentation in cancer cells, making cancer cells visible to the immune system and easier to fight. (lu.se)
The major clinical, histopathologic, and phenotypic aspects of the disease and diagnostic criteria and data suggesting a plasmacytoid dendritic cell origin for the tumor cells are provided. (medscape.com)
Potential y neoplastic cel s that of the effect increases with increasing tem to respond effectively to foreign arise natural y, or that have been dose or continuing exposure - and is antigens, including surface antigens transformed by carcinogens acting usually transient: immune function on tumour cells. (who.int)

Antigens are usually proteins or polysaccharides . (wikidoc.org)
Antibodies are immunoglobulins, modified blood proteins with a specific action against antigens. (referat.ru)
1994). This sequence involves more than thirty proteins (Mollnes & Harboe, 1996) and has the function of the destruction and removal of invading micro-organisms and subcellular debris and to promote clearance of antigen-antibody complexes (Dale et. (referat.ru)
Monoclonal antibodies are lab-generated proteins that target specific tumor antigens (substances that the immune system sees as being foreign or dangerous). (cancercare.org)
We provide a quantitative ranking of more than 600 surface resident and endocytosed proteins, and their regulation by hypoxia, serving as a resource to the cancer research community. (lu.se)
Monoclonal antibodies attach to specific proteins or antigens. (who.int)

What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody? (clevelandclinic.org)
In addition, we have analyzed serum antibody titers against SGPG, GD3, and OAc-GD3 in patients with neural tumors by ELISA and HPTLC immunostaining. (karger.com)
In vivo antibody depletion revealed a CD8 T-cell-dependent, and not NK cell-dependent mechanism of tumor growth inhibition after treatment with rapamycin and PD-L1 mAb, ruling out significant effects from NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
An antigen (from antibody-generating ) or immunogen is a molecule that sometimes stimulates an immune response. (wikidoc.org)
The biochemical reaction that occurs upon attaching triggers a signal in the tumor cell, which then absorbs, or internalizes, the antibody together with the linked cytotoxin. (wikipedia.org)
In July 2018, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited and Glycotope GmbH have inked a pact regarding the combination of Glycotope's investigational tumor-associated TA-MUC1 antibody gatipotuzumab and Daiichi Sankyo's proprietary ADC technology for developing gatipotuzumab antibody drug conjugate. (wikipedia.org)
The L19 antibody is specific to the Extra Domain B of Fibronectin, a protein expressed in tumors (and other diseases) but absent in most healthy tissues. (tmcnet.com)
Dr. Fox explains this process: "We receive the antigen from the person who wishes to develop a monoclonal antibody. (labmanager.com)
Supernatant [fluid] is taken from the hybridomas, and the investigator screens for the monoclonal antibody of interest that will recognize a specific antigen and is appropriate for their application. (labmanager.com)
And then following transport to the cell's surface, the CD4 T cell can perform various functions, for example can help a B lymphocyte to differentiate and become an antibody producing cell. (hstalks.com)
The role of complement & antibody-antigen complexesAntibodies have two distinct functions: to recognise and combine with an antigen, and to activate a defence mechanism for example by activating the complement sequence (Dale et. (referat.ru)
The interaction of antibody with specific antigen results in the formation of the antibody-antigen complex. (referat.ru)
One arm of the antibody binds to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a glycoprotein that is expressed on the cell surface of a wide variety of tumor types. (genengnews.com)
It is a bispecific humanized monoclonal antibody against CD3, a T-cell surface antigen, and GPRC5D (human G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D), a tumor-associated antigen with potential antineoplastic activity. (medscape.com)

Interleukin 2 (IL2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) are pro-inflammatory cytokines with anti-tumor activity. (tmcnet.com)

Antibodies are very specific to the antigens they recognize and destroy. (clevelandclinic.org)
Your body defends itself against harmful antigens with chemicals called antibodies. (clevelandclinic.org)
If it's a fit, the B-cell makes chemicals called antibodies that all have the same shape to recognize the antigen. (clevelandclinic.org)
Antibodies lock on (bind) to antigens so that your immune system can destroy them. (clevelandclinic.org)
All sera had high titers of antibodies of the IgM isotype against SGPG (titers over 1:3,200), especially in tumors such as meningiomas, germinomas, orbital tumors, glioblastomas, medulloblastomas, and subependymomas. (karger.com)
Many new tumor markers have been discovered since the development of monoclonal antibodies, and most tumor markers are now detected with them. (medscape.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are used to detect serum antigens associated with specific malignancies. (aafp.org)
Host Response to Tumors The immune response to foreign antigens consists of Humoral mechanisms (eg, antibodies) Cellular mechanisms (See also Tumor Antigens. (msdmanuals.com)

An antigen is any kind of marker - like a protein or string of amino acids - that your immune system can recognize. (clevelandclinic.org)
The T cell receptor binds to a complex formed by a surface protein named "MHC" (major histocompatibility complex) and a small peptide of about 9 amino-acids, which is located in a groove of the MHC molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Next, they link up the cancerous cell with a protein molecule which makes it easier for the immune system to recognize the tumor-specific marker as foreign or undesirable. (singularityhub.com)
Targeting of the fibroblast activation protein is currently being explored for different tumor entities using PET imaging with the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) 68 Ga-FAPI-04, and the first therapeutic applications of 90 Y-FAPI-04 have been applied. (snmjournals.org)
As proof-of-concept, the established target antigen CD44 was identified as a commonly and abundantly expressed surface protein with high endocytic activity. (lu.se)
This dendritic cell-surface protein has been found to facilitate infection by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. (cdc.gov)

In other instances, the normal peptide is presented at the cell surface and consequently the T lymphocytes that recognize the antigen have been eliminated by the central tolerance process that occurs in the thymus. (wikipedia.org)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)

In this situation, residual tumor is frequently nonviable. (medscape.com)

Sulfated glucuronosyl glycosphingolipids (SGGLs) are cell surface molecules that are endowed with the Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate epitope. (karger.com)
The fragments are then presented on the cell surface in the complex with MHC class I molecules. (wikidoc.org)
Antigen presentation refers to the display of short process peptides on so-called MHC, or major histocompatibility complex molecules. (hstalks.com)
Antigens are foreign molecules that initiate an immune response, they have inherent immunogenicity (Tortora & Grabowski, 1996). (referat.ru)
TSAs and TAAs typically are portions of intracellular molecules expressed on the cell surface as part of the major histocompatibility complex. (msdmanuals.com)

The team identified a distinct gene expression pattern that correlated with reduced T cell presence in the tumor and other features of immunotherapy resistance. (broadinstitute.org)
By measuring the levels of this "resistance program" before treatment, the team could predict how tumors would respond to immunotherapy - thereby addressing a major clinical challenge in the field of immuno-oncology. (broadinstitute.org)
Scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust in the U.K. have found that colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors can switch off expression of a cell surface molecule that is a key target of immunotherapy, which stops the treatment from working. (genengnews.com)
Using miniature laboratory-grown tumors known as patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as models of CRC, the researchers also showed how expression of the immunotherapy target could be reactivated by blocking a particular molecular pathway, and so potenitally resensitize the tumors to treatment. (genengnews.com)
We used a new technique for growing miniature replicas of tumors to develop a way of testing whether patients will respond to immunotherapy," Gerlinger stated. (genengnews.com)
Tumor immunotherapy brings substantial and long-term clinical benefits that can even cure tumors. (hindawi.com)
Tumor immunotherapy refers to novel therapeutic measures that turn the immune system into a destructive force against tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has achieved significant success in various cancers and has been one of the hotspots in the life sciences, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular therapy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in adults, without any curative treatment options available at present. (frontiersin.org)
Although the overall mortality in cancer is steadily decreasing, major groups of patients with malignant tumors of e.g. the brain, pancreas, and lung still respond poorly to available treatments and have a dismal prognosis. (lu.se)
Ongoing studies have identified novel, and potentially targetable immune cell entities in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting myeloid cell (TAN and TAM) metabolic polarization into a pro-malignant state. (lu.se)
In the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid malignant neoplasms, the diagnostic entity termed blastic NK-cell tumors has been proposed for tumors satisfying the diagnostic criteria for CD4/CD56 HN. (medscape.com)

However, in vitro screens are limited to a lack of tumor microenvironment, and the gRNA library coverage or selection often limits the pathological relevance of targets unraveled by in vivo screens. (nature.com)
Nevertheless, the composition of the immunologic tumor microenvironment undergoes changes upon radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or even after anti-angiogenic therapy ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, target identification warrants a better understanding of the surfaceome and how it is modulated by the tumor microenvironment. (lu.se)

Mutated genes contribute greatly to the immunogenicity of human tumors. (wikipedia.org)
The contribution of these antigens to tumor immunogenicity is expected to vary according to the mutation rate: higher in lung carcinomas arising in tobacco smokers, in melanomas owing to mutations induced by UV and in the 15% of colorectal carcinomas that have hypermutated DNA owing to defects in the DNA mismatch repair pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The demonstration by Medigene of the immunogenicity of these solid tumor TSAs is an important milestone in the development of new TSA-based immunotherapies. (medigene.com)

An antigen is a marker that tells your immune system whether something in your body is harmful or not. (clevelandclinic.org)
Normalization of tumor marker values may indicate cure despite radiographic evidence of persistent disease. (medscape.com)
Sometimes, tumor marker values may rise after effective treatment (due to cell lysis), but the increase may not portend treatment failure. (medscape.com)
A consistent increase in a tumor marker value, combined with lack of clinical improvement, may indicate treatment failure. (medscape.com)
The usefulness of a tumor marker is in its sensitivity and specificity, as well as its influence on patient management decisions. (medscape.com)
In addition, beta-hCG serves as an ideal tumor marker for monitoring gestational trophoblastic disease and has set the standard with which other assays must be compared. (medscape.com)
Each tumor marker has a variable profile of usefulness for screening, determining diagnosis and prognosis, assessing response to therapy, and monitoring for cancer recurrence. (aafp.org)
Particular emphasis is given to when these tests should be ordered and to common factors that influence the interpretation of tumor marker levels. (aafp.org)
To date, no tumor marker has demonstrated a survival benefit in randomized controlled trials of screening in the general population. (aafp.org)
In monitoring patients for disease recurrence, tumor marker levels should be determined only when there is a potential for meaningful treatment. (aafp.org)
Following tumor marker response is particularly useful when other evidence of disease is not readily accessible. (aafp.org)
Given the marked and consistent increase in serum miR‑101 levels in HCC patients, circulating miR‑101 may serve as a promising biochemical marker for monitoring the progression of tumor development in HBV‑related HCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
Accentia takes cancer cell samples from an individual's body and identifies a tumor-specific molecular marker (an antigen) along the cell surface. (singularityhub.com)

Ovarian cancer, uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and trophoblastic neoplasms are gynecologic malignancies for which tumor markers are in clinical use. (medscape.com)
In recent years, however, theranostics has been successfully applied to a whole range of other malignancies, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and prostate cancer in particular. (snmjournals.org)

Human TROP-2, also known as Tumor Associated Calcium Signal Transducer 2 (TACSTD2), GA733-1, gp50 and T16, is a type I cell surface glycoprotein that is highly expressed on human carcinomas. (rndsystems.com)

These include exogenous antigens, endogenous antigens, autoantigens and tumor antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
Red blood cell antigens and special markers that your body recognizes as "self" (HLAs) are also endogenous antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
Endogenous antigens are antigens that have been generated within the cell, as a result of normal cell metabolism , or because of viral or intracellular bacterial infection . (wikidoc.org)
The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

3D multicellular tumor spheroids are a type of 3D cell culture models, which have been shown to more accurately mimic in vivo solid tumor biology. (corning.com)
In addition, Medigene is establishing a pipeline of TCRs and has collaborations with bluebird bio, Inc. and Cytovant Sciences HK Ltd. addressing solid tumor indications. (medigene.com)
We further explored the relationship between CH and risk of other infections in 14,211 solid tumor patients at MSK. (cdc.gov)

You might hear these called tumor-associated antigens (TAA), tumor-specific antigens (TSA), neoantigens or oncogenic antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)

Cancer antigen (CA) 27.29 most frequently is used to follow response to therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. (aafp.org)

2016). This unique approach is applied for the identification and targeting of novel tumor antigens of the treatment-resistant tumor niche. (lu.se)

Beta-hCG and alpha-fetoprotein have proved to be useful markers for ovarian germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Combined AFP and β-hCG testing is an essential adjunct in the evaluation and treatment of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, and in monitoring the response to therapy. (aafp.org)

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and currently incurable. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we decode the surfaceome and endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxic stress in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. (lu.se)

My Ph.D. studies have focused on restoring anti-tumor immunity with dendritic cell reprogramming strategies. (lu.se)

No tumor markers with high sensitivity and high specificity for endometrial cancer are known at present, although CA-125 is often used in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
SCC antigen is useful in the clinical management of advanced cervical cancer. (medscape.com)
A high-throughput system, like the one utilized in the Corning study, could provide additional insight into antigen targets before the clinical stage. (corning.com)
The clinical significance of T cell exhaustion is huge, because when a person comes into the clinic with a tumor, it is likely they have had it for many months," he said. (stjude.org)
Medigene AG (Medigene, FSE: MDG1, Prime Standard), a clinical stage immuno-oncology company focusing on the development of T cell immunotherapies, today presents the screening and identification of novel immunogenic tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) derived from non-coding regions of the human genome at the American Association for Cancer Research Virtual Annual Meeting (AACR) 2021. (medigene.com)
Our studies are focused on but not limited to primary brain tumors, which integrates well with the PI's clinical proficiency as a consultant Neuro-oncologist. (lu.se)
The key clinical challenge addressed by our group relates to the inherent adaptive capacity of tumors, resulting in resistance to conventional oncological treatments, but that also offers new avenues for therapeutic intervention. (lu.se)

Carcinoembryonic antigen is used to detect relapse of colorectal cancer, and CA 19-9 may be helpful in establishing the nature of pancreatic masses. (aafp.org)

A common approach used for screening HCC in a high risk-population is to examine serum tumor markers, such as α-fetoprotein (AFP). (spandidos-publications.com)

In this case, they are called tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) and, in general, result from a tumor-specific mutation. (wikidoc.org)
These peptides were found to be shared among specimens of several patients with solid tumors of different origin, such as ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, but were not detected in healthy tissues, giving them the character of TSAs for TCRs. (medigene.com)
IRICoR continues to invest in the identification of novel immunogenic TSAs in both solid and liquid tumors, and we expect to develop additional partnerships around this TSA discovery platform. (medigene.com)

With the exception of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor markers do not have sufficient sensitivity or specificity for use in screening. (aafp.org)

Primary Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Tumors Ceruminous gland tumors are discussed in Tumors of the Ear Canal. (merckvetmanual.com)

Antigens are markers that tell your body that something is foreign. (clevelandclinic.org)
Tumor antigens are markers on the surface of tumors. (clevelandclinic.org)
Tumor markers are soluble glycoproteins that are found in the blood, urine, or tissues of patients with certain types of cancer. (medscape.com)
Tumor markers are not elevated in all cancer patients, particularly patients with early-stage cancer. (medscape.com)
The various tumor markers differ in their usefulness for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, assessing therapeutic response, and detecting recurrence. (medscape.com)
Because pathologic diagnosis of ovarian cancer is difficult without laparotomy, tumor markers such as CA-125, in addition to diagnostic imaging, are useful in preoperative evaluation for ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
These tumor markers are most useful for monitoring response to therapy and detecting early relapse. (aafp.org)
Because family physicians are assuming a greater role in caring for patients with cancer, an understanding of tumor markers is becoming increasingly important. (aafp.org)
This article describes the use of common tumor markers in primary care practice. (aafp.org)
Nevertheless, tumor markers can play a crucial role in detecting disease and assessing response to therapy in selected groups of patients. (aafp.org)
These subtypes also exhibit cell surface markers that can be exploited by the vaccine. (singularityhub.com)
The T cell immune phenotypic profile in blood donors was related to loss of T cell function, whereas the same set of markers were related to chronic antigen stimulation and immune senescence in HIV-negative individuals. (frontiersin.org)

This theranostic principle has acquired greater importance in personalized medicine in recent years, particularly in oncology, where advanced tumors can be treated effectively with low side effects. (snmjournals.org)

There is evidence that clearly demonstrates that, apart from genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, the dysregulation of miRNAs may also contribute to the aberrant activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in human carcinogenesis ( 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Testing CAR-T therapy on 3D spheroids can help scientists pick the proper antigen targets. (corning.com)
Treatment for these tumors targets local control using localized techniques described above. (merckvetmanual.com)
Current research in theranostics is addressing new targets but-equally important-the optimization of radiopharmaceutical doses and dose schedules, investigation of combination therapies, and treatment at earlier tumor stages. (snmjournals.org)
Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the surface-endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxia in GBM as a resource for exploration of targets for immunotherapeutic approaches in GBM. (lu.se)

In cancer patients, about one half of the highly tumor-specific antigens recognized by spontaneous T cell responses are encoded by mutated genes, the other half being encoded by cancer-germline genes. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer-germline genes are an important source of tumor-specific antigens. (wikipedia.org)
These genes are expressed in a significant fraction of tumors of many different histological types. (wikipedia.org)

Furthermore, the tumor-reactive TCRs with killing potency was screened and verified. (thno.org)
This work identified candidate TCRs potentially suitable for TCR-T design targeting HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor antigen. (thno.org)

Anti-PD-L1 enhanced durable primary tumor control and survival when combined with mTOR (rapamycin), but not in combination with MEK inhibition (PD901) in immunogenic MOC1 tumors. (aacrjournals.org)

You have metastatic breast cancer (breast cancer that has spread beyond the original tumour) with high levels of HER2. (who.int)
The severe immune plants is that suppression of the patients in whom it has been used deficiency that is characteristic of immune response can allow occult as an antineoplastic agent ( IARC, AIDS results from a deficiency in tumours or metastatic tumour cel s 2012b ). (who.int)

In addition to acquiring improved antigen presentation, tumor-APCs had impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)

Antitumor immunity elicited by tumor-APCs was synergistic with immune checkpoint inhibitors. (lu.se)
Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signaling, relapse frequently occurs after ICB treatment and acquired resistance often emergence after initial response [ 4 ]. (thno.org)

Our technologies allowed new peptide-HLA combinations to be rapidly defined that have the potential to broaden TCR diversity for patients with different HLA types whose tumors present these novel peptides. (medigene.com)

It is now proven that tumor-specific antigens exist and that patients mount spontaneous T cell responses against such antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Systemically Administered TLR7/8 Agonist and Antigen-Conjugated Nanogels Govern Immune Responses against Tumors. (mpg.de)
However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
Most humoral responses cannot prevent tumor growth. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Information Science1

Receptors14

Expressed by tumor cells2

Hepatitis B surface antigen2

Melanoma9

Cells142

Proteins6

Antibody14

Necrosis Factor1

Antibodies8

Protein6

Lymphocytes2

Residual tumor is frequently nonviable1

Molecules5

Immunotherapy8

Malignant4

Microenvironment3

Immunogenicity3

Marker13

Malignancies2

Glycoprotein1

Endogenous4

Solid tumor3

Neoantigens1

Cancer Antigen1

Novel tumor1

Germ cell t2

Brain tumor in adults2

Dendritic cell1

Clinical7

Carcinoembryonic antigen1

Serum Tumor Markers1

TSAs3

Specific antigen1

Neuroendocrine Tumors1

Markers12

Oncology1

Suppressor genes1

Targets4

Genes3

TCRs2

Primary tumor1

Metastatic2

Vitro1

Immune checkpoint2

Peptides1

Responses4