Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice. (lookformedical.com)
VIRAL2
This is a photograph of Sarah Elizabeth Stewart, PhD, MD (1905-1976), whose discoveries involving the murine polyomavirus with Bernice Eddy, PhD, propelled the then-reluctant field of oncology to pursue viral etiologies of cancer. (cdc.gov)
To understand Stewart's role in catalyzing viral oncology research, it is necessary to recognize that until the 1950s, scientists dismissed the idea that viruses could cause cancer. (cdc.gov)
Mouse2
It took many decades before the seminal contributions of several virologists studying cancers were appreciated, such as Peyton Rous' 1911 discovery of the Rous sarcoma virus (which caused tumors in chickens), and discoveries of Richard Shope (rabbit fibroma) and John Bittner (mouse mammary carcinoma) in the 1930s. (cdc.gov)
Together they showed that the virus produced 20 types of mouse tumors and could cause tumors in other small mammals. (cdc.gov)
Animal2
In 1944, when Stewart requested support to study the link between animal tumors and viruses, the directors of the NIH Laboratory of Microbiology and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) refused on the grounds that the proposal seemed dubious and that she lacked appropriate qualifications. (cdc.gov)
Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)
HUMAN3
External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS1
PMID- 214400 TI - Transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by Culex bitaeniorhynchus Giles. (nih.gov)
Rous1
It took many decades before the seminal contributions of several virologists studying cancers were appreciated, such as Peyton Rous' 1911 discovery of the Rous sarcoma virus (which caused tumors in chickens), and discoveries of Richard Shope (rabbit fibroma) and John Bittner (mouse mammary carcinoma) in the 1930s. (cdc.gov)
AVIAN1
PMID- 214398 TI - Characterization of an adenosine triphosphatase of the avian myeloblastosis virus and the virus-infected myeloblast. (nih.gov)
Antibodies3
They also demonstrated that the virus causes cell necrosis and proliferation in cell culture, that it is highly antigenic, and that it leads to formation of specific antibodies in infected animals whether or not tumors develop. (cdc.gov)
The present findings suggest that the detection of immune complexes in unfractionated samples of late tumour-bearer serum using a C1q-binding assay is masked by the increasing production of tumour-specific antibodies and by a shift from complement fixing to non-complement-fixing tumour-specific antibodies. (nih.gov)
PMID- 214407 TI - Antibodies to Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of uterine cervix in India. (nih.gov)
Herpes1
AB - Antibody activity to Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2) was measured by the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test in sera from 124 women with squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 46 women with non-cervical cancer and 116 matched normal women. (nih.gov)
Cancer1
The results of their collaboration were picked up by a 1959 Time Magazine cover story, citing John Heller, then the NCI director, "the hottest thing in cancer research is research on viruses as possible causes of cancer. (cdc.gov)
Late1
Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes in unfractionated serum were directly detectable during early tumour development although, following serum fractionation, immune complexes were identified at both early and late stages of tumour growth. (nih.gov)
Complex1
Isolated fractions were examined for their capacity to bind [125I]C1q as a measure of immune complex levels, and for their ability to bind soluble tumour-specific antigen as well as to react with antigens expressed at the surface of viable hepatoma cells. (nih.gov)
Cell3
PMID- 214405 TI - Long-term T-cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr virus in man. (nih.gov)
AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from donors of known serological status with respect to EB virus were exposed to the virus in vitro and then cultured at various cell concentrations. (nih.gov)
The results strongly suggest that the regression phenomenon is an in vitro expression of long-term T-cell-mediated immunity to EB virus which the large majority, if not all, infected individuals possess. (nih.gov)