Tumor regulation antigen presenting cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3) are expressed on dysfunctional or "exhausted" CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) that exhibit defective effector functions (cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production) and are thus poor mediators of tumor clearance. (hhs.gov)
ABSTRACT: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses are required to fight many diseases such as viral infections and tumors. (cellml.org)
CD134 is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, hematopoietic precursor cells and fibroblasts. (bdbiosciences.com)
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a key role in the control of many virus infections, and the need for vaccines to elicit strong CD8+ T-cell responses in order to provide optimal protection in such infections is increasingly apparent. (bioskinrevive.com)
MHC-I and MHC-II proteins are key components of the antigen presentation machinery responsible for neoantigen presentation to CD8 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes, respectively. (portlandpress.com)
Current research areas studied include the interactions between newly formed tumor cells and both innate and adaptive immune cells, the role of myeloid cells (e.g. macrophages, antigen presenting cells) in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, how lymphocytes traffic to tumors, and how tumors hide from them, and the relationship between a patient's microbiome and their immune cells in different cancers. (virginia.edu)
An accumulation of lymphocytes, especially CD4 + T cells, in TPE has been well documented ( 2 ). (atsjournals.org)
Upon the stage of tumorigenesis, down-regulation of the major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) molecules and also the overexpression of the stress-induced ligands on the surface of malignant cells to avoid recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), make them more sensitive to NK cell-mediated death. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, current studies suggest that tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-B) can promote anti-tumor immunity through their unique antigen-presenting mode, leading to the persistence of an immune "hot" TME involving T cells, bone marrow cells, and natural killer cells [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulatory lymphocytes: a new cooperation between T and B cells for a better control of the immune response]. (univ-brest.fr)
Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) correspond to different sub-populations of T cells that control immune responses due to the production of cytokines, such as IL-10 and with direct cell-to-cell contacts. (univ-brest.fr)
Tregs targets are antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes but also effector antibody-producing B lymphocytes. (univ-brest.fr)
Regulatory B lymphocytes (Bregs) have been more recently described and likely represent different sub-populations of B cells that control the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases due to the production of IL-10 and using intercellular contacts. (univ-brest.fr)
Bregs targets encompass all the cells involved in the immune responses which are thus under a dual control by regulatory lymphocytes. (univ-brest.fr)
Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (nwbio.com)
4-1BB is a 39 kDa transmembrane protein expressed by T lymphocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes, and mast cells. (bioxcell.com)
M. arthritidis mitogen (MAM), a superantigen produced by M. arthritidis , activates T cells by forming a complex between the major histocompatability complex II on antigen presenting cells and the T cell receptor on CD4+ T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
Antibodies can be found on the surface of lymphocytes as an integral part of the cell membrane protein or can be freely circulating in the blood or be part of one of the body's gland secretion. (medscape.com)

1995). ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYThe adaptive immune system is split into two mechanisms: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. (referat.ru)
HUMORAL IMMUNITYHumoral or antibody-mediated immunity is associated with B-lymphocyte cells. (referat.ru)
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 + T cells are essential organizers of cell-mediated immunity, participating in each stage of the immune response. (spandidos-publications.com)
Finally, the innate immunity or adaptive immunity is stimulated leading to regulation and inhibition of tumor growth. (thno.org)
However, this finding has triggered further interest in utilising tumour-specific MHC-II to harness sustained anti-tumour immunity through the activation of CD4 + T helper cells. (portlandpress.com)
Thus, their reactivation represents an attractive way to unleash anti-tumour immunity. (portlandpress.com)
Between 2007 and 2011, I completed my PhD studies in the Department of Experimental Immunology of the University of Zurich in Switzerland mentored by Prof. Burkhard Becher, where I investigated the role of NFkB‐inducing kinase (NIK) in cell‐mediated immunity and autoimmunity. (edu.au)
Cellular immunity, particularly of CD4 + T cells, IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, has a central role in the control of and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection ( 1 ). (atsjournals.org)
The current project titled Regulation of lipid-mediated immunity in the intestine aimed to explore the mechanisms regulating lipid-mediated immunity in the intestine. (europa.eu)
Taking this into consideration, this project has focussed in understanding the mechanisms controlling lipid-mediated immunity by examining the ILC-NKT cell crosstalk. (europa.eu)
As mentioned above, the project aimed to investigate the mechanisms regulating lipid-mediated immunity in the intestinal mucosa by examining the crosstalk between ILCs and NKT cells. (europa.eu)
Antibiotics induce sustained dysregulation of intestinal T cell immunity by perturbing macrophage homeostasis. (nih.gov)
Banchereau, J. and Steinman, R. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
In mammals, professional APCs induce adaptive immunity via the activation of T cells. (aai.org)
In mammals, APCs induce adaptive immunity that in turn activates T cell responses ( 1 ). (aai.org)
Collectively, their work revealed the importance of gasdermins in cancer immunity and paved the way for therapies now in the pipeline that target gasdermins to make tumors visible to the immune system and improve immunotherapy's effectiveness. (cancerresearch.org)
B7-H2 activation of ICOS on Tregs limits pulmonary inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, promotes the development of inhalational tolerance, and impairs anti-tumor immunity. (biolegend.com)
Agonistic anti-4-1BB antibodies have been reported to induce T cell mediated antitumor immunity. (bioxcell.com)
All FcgammaRs can crosslink anti-41BB antibodies to strengthen co-stimulation, but activating FcgammaR-induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity compromises anti-tumor immunity by deleting 4-1BB(+) cells. (bioxcell.com)
The cells that have the inherent property of innate and adaptive immunity within the body are present at different sites including the blood, lymphatic system (lymph, lymphoid nodules and lymphoid organs), epithelium, and connective tissues. (medscape.com)

With a better understanding of molecular details in tumor immunology and tumor biology, tailored cancer immunotherapy is considered as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. (thno.org)
The main theme of this advanced course in immunology is a detailed understanding of the complex interactions between antigen presenting cells and immune effector cells that regulate the immune response. (universiteitleiden.nl)
The first week will consist of a refreshment of immunology, immunological debate, journal club, extensive literature study (complex reviews) on the roles of antigen presenting cells and immune effector cells in the four topics (infectious disease, tumour immunology, transplantation, and chronic inflammation), and lectures by an international expert in the field. (universiteitleiden.nl)
This Masters' primer will cover the basics of the immunological synapse and some of the applications to tumor immunology. (ox.ac.uk)
Nature Immunology has commissioned a Series of Reviews to make sense of immune and cancer cell interactions, highlighting the utility of spatial and other OMIC technologies for analysis of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell dysfunction and how to counter it to enhance CAR-based and other immunotherapies, and more. (nature.com)
The William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic and Tumor Immunology has been given to some of the world's most gifted scientists. (cancerresearch.org)
The 2022 William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic Immunology was shared by Drs. Vishva Dixit, Judy Lieberman, Feng Shao, and Hao Wu in recognition of the importance of their discoveries regarding gasdermins, the proteins that rip open cell membranes during an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. (cancerresearch.org)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
CD137 is a costimulatory molecule functioning to stimulate T cell proliferation, dendritic cell maturation, and promotion of B cell antibody secretion. (wikipedia.org)
Other cells that express CD137 include both immune cells (i.e. monocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), and regulatory T cells) and non-immune cells (i.e. chondrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells). (wikipedia.org)
We have found that tumor-associated dendritic cells (DCs) are altered when TCF-1 is absent in mature CD8+ T cells. (hhs.gov)
The latter is expressed on a variety of cell types with antigen-presenting cell function, including B cells, dendritic cells, activated macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, and endothelial cells (reviewed in reference 66). (bioskinrevive.com)
A current model for the role of this system argues that CD40L is upregulated upon activation of CD4+ T cells following recognition of antigen presented by dendritic cells. (bioskinrevive.com)
CD40L then interacts with CD40 on the dendritic cell surface, leading to the induction Kaempferol inhibitor of costimulatory activity mediated by both cell surface molecules and cytokines such as interleukin-12 by the dendritic cell (11, 35). (bioskinrevive.com)
This stress condition can also lead to the attraction of immune cells, notably antigen presenting cells (APCs) (i.e. immature dendritic cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), and cytotoxic T-cells to the site of infection [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Described here are some of the general requirements of in vitro test methods for skin sensitization, and progress that has been made in developing suitable approaches with particular emphasis on the utility of dendritic cell culture systems. (cdc.gov)
Glycodendrimers prevent HIV transmission via DC-SIGN on dendritic cells. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Joshi MD, Unger WJ, Storm G, van Kooyk Y, Mastrobattista E. Targeting tumor antigens to dendritic cells using particulate carriers. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Glycan-modified liposomes boost CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses by targeting DC-SIGN on dendritic cells. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Unger WWK and VAN KOOYK Y. 'Dressed for success' C-type lectin receptors for the delivery of glycovaccines to dendritic cells. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Targeting of glycan modified OVA to murine DC-SIGN transgenic dendritic cells enhances MHC class I and II presentation. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Glycan modificatio of the tumor antigen gp100 targets DC-SIGN to enhance dendritic cell induced antigen presentation to T cells. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Saeland E, van Vliet SJ, Bäckström M, van den Berg VC, Geijtenbeek TB, Meijer GA, VAN KOOYK Y. The C-type lectin MGL expressed by dendritic cells detects glycan changes on MUC1 in colon carcinoma. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Geijtenbeek TBH, van Vliet SJ, Engering A, 't Hart BA and VAN KOOYK, Y. Self- and non-self recognition by C-type lectins on Dendritic Cells. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell specific ICAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Nottet, VN Kewal Ramani, DR Littman, CG Figdor, and VAN KOOYK Y. DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell specific HIV-1 binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells, Cell 100: 587-597, 2000. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Microbiota Sensing by Mincle-Syk Axis in Dendritic Cells Regulates Interleukin-17 and -22 Production and Promotes Intestinal Barrier Integrity. (nih.gov)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells endowed with the unique ability to not only present exogenous antigens upon exposure to MHC II, but also to cross-present these upon exposure to MHC I. This property was exploited to generate the tumor-specific CD8 cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) response in DCs-based cancer vaccine protocols. (biomedcentral.com)
Ridge, J.P., Di Rosa, F. and Matzinger, P. A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4 + T-helper and T-killer cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs), 4 monocytes/macrophages, and B cells have been identified as major professional APCs ( 1 , 2 ). (aai.org)
Vaccination with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-cells in patients with malignant glioma. (nwbio.com)
Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. (nwbio.com)
Phase I/II study of vaccination with electrofused allogeneic dendritic cells/autologous tumor-derived cells in patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma. (nwbio.com)
Dendritic cell immunotherapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: University of Tokyo experience. (nwbio.com)
Large-scale immunomagnetic selection of CD14+ monocytes to generate dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy: a phase I study. (nwbio.com)
Babatz J, Röllig C, Löbel B, Folprecht G, Haack M, Günther H, Köhne CH, Ehninger G, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M. Induction of cellular immune responses against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic tumors after vaccination with altered peptide ligand-loaded dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
Banchereau J, Ueno H, Dhodapkar M, Connolly J, Finholt JP, Klechevsky E, Blanck JP, Johnston DA, Palucka AK, Fay J. Immune and clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV melanoma vaccinated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells derived from CD34+ progenitors and activated with type I interferon. (nwbio.com)
Maturation and trafficking of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in monkeys: implications for dendritic cell-based vaccines. (nwbio.com)
Vaccination of prostatectomized prostate cancer patients in biochemical relapse, with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with recombinant human PSA. (nwbio.com)
Bleumer I, Tiemessen DM, Oosterwijk-Wakka JC, Völler MC, De Weijer K, Mulders PF, Oosterwijk E. Preliminary analysis of patients with progressive renal cell carcinoma vaccinated with CA9-peptide-pulsed mature dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
The constant region at the carboxyl-terminal end of the heavy chain, called the Fc region, binds to the Fc receptors of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and the natural killer (NK) cells. (medscape.com)

These 2 theranostic approaches, as well as the therapy of osseous metastases of prostate cancer with 223 Ra ( 4 , 9 , 10 ), have unequivocally demonstrated that radionuclide therapy can be applied not only to thyroid cancer but also to other solid tumors. (snmjournals.org)
Why and how it is replacing past approaches in the management of solid tumors is the subject of this two-part overview. (cancernetwork.com)
The situation with solid tumors is considerably more complex, and the evolution of targeted therapies for these cancers is still in its infancy. (cancernetwork.com)
At present, and for some years to come, the treatment of most solid tumors will continue to rely on a patchwork of empirically derived and newly introduced molecularly targeted agents. (cancernetwork.com)
Here, the authors show that combining γ9δ2 TCR-mediated metabolic and co-stimulatory stress targeting by chimeric NKG2D or anti-CD277 co-receptors shapes transcriptomic heterogeneity of engineered T cells and is associated with improved control of solid tumors. (nature.com)
MAPK) signaling augment cell growth and proliferation in melanoma and other solid tumors.1,2 Both clinical and translational research focuses on exploration of the MAPK signaling pathway to detect predictors of resistance and response. (globaltechbiz.com)

PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
For instance, increases in adhesion molecules, including vascular adhesion molecule-1 or intracellular adhesion molecule-1, on epithelial cells causes recruitment of immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils. (wikipedia.org)
For example, they have been shown to be of importance in the inflammatory immune response, regulating the induction of secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1, interleukin-12, and gamma interferon (IFN-), and of nitric oxide by monocytes and macrophages and prolonging the survival Kaempferol inhibitor of these cells at sites of inflammation (reviewed in references 23 and 61). (bioskinrevive.com)
Proportion of M1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) increased, and proportion of M2 TAMs decreased upon BRD4 inhibition. (preprints.org)
These macrophages, in addition to smooth muscle cells, activate T cells by presenting antigens, including oxidized LDL. (medscape.com)
Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (iMACs) are being used to make chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages for immunotherapy. (nature.com)
In tumors which had high levels of infiltrating CD11b + macrophages expressing the ADCC-activating FcgRIV, T REGS were selectively depleted in an FcgR-dependant manner, while effector T cells were instead expanded. (sanguinebio.com)
In lymph nodes lacking significant levels of these macrophages, frequencies of both effector T cells and T REGS were increased. (sanguinebio.com)
Tumor-associated T REGS expressedhigher levels of CTLA-4 than their effector T cell counterparts, or than T REGS present in the lymph node, indicating that higher CTLA-4 expression levels mediate ADCC via macrophages in the tumor. (sanguinebio.com)
The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Total cells, macrophages, and eosinophils recovered in BALF lavage were significantly elevated in the OVA + PM/OVA compared to OVA/OVA group. (cdc.gov)

When CD137 interacts with its ligand, it leads to T cell cytokine production and T cell proliferation, among other signaling pathway responses. (wikipedia.org)
Cross-linking CD137 and active T cells can not only result in T cell proliferation via increased IL-2 secretion, but surviving cells also contribute to expanding immune system memory and augmenting T cell cytolytic activity. (wikipedia.org)
Treatments designed to target the CD137 molecules expressed on immune cell surfaces often lead to T cell proliferation as CD137 stimulation allows for the T cells to continue through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
This proliferation eventually leads to other immune cell responses and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines which result in exaggerated inflammatory responses that exacerbate atherosclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation and activity of leukocytes (Dale et. (referat.ru)
Furthermore, the proliferation of Th17 cells and Th17‑associated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)17, IL23 and RAR‑related orphan receptor γt, was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
CD134 thereby plays roles in T-cell activation as well as the regulation of differentiation, proliferation or apoptosis of normal and malignant lymphoid cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Moreover, PMCs were able to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation by presenting tuberculosis-specific antigen. (atsjournals.org)
In particular, PMCs were able to function as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation. (atsjournals.org)
Pleural mesothelial cells stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22 cell differentiation in response to tuberculosis antigen. (atsjournals.org)
IL-27 is produced after activation by antigen-presenting cells and induces proliferation of naïve but not memory CD4+ T-cells. (rockland.com)
With its absence, the human body will be functioning without its "brake" of cell proliferation. (pharmiweb.com)
Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that inhibit cell division and growth, acting as a control mechanism to prevent excessive cell proliferation. (pharmiweb.com)
On the other hand, the proliferation of oncolytic viruses into target cells and subsequent recognition of viral elements by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors can positively affect the development of the innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells (Fig. 1 ) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Even though GITR-activation in effector T cells promotes activities including cytokine production and proliferation, the agonistic properties of this antibody alone were not effective in the absence of activating FcgR engagement. (sanguinebio.com)
Fugu B7-H1/DC inhibited T cell proliferation concomitant with increasing levels of both IL-10 and IFN-γ expression, whereas both B7-H3 and B7-H4 promoted T cell growth following IL-2 induction and the suppression of IL-10. (aai.org)
Also, secondary, but not primary, clonal proliferation of antigen-specific B cells is impaired in ICOS-KO mice, and therefore the generation of secondary antibody-secreting cells is also impaired. (biolegend.com)
B7-H2 interaction costimulates T cell proliferation, development of B cells, plasma cells, follicular helper T cells, and germinal centers. (biolegend.com)

Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
Current cancer immunotherapy treatments use monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to target and kill cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
This work represents a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy by integrating nanotechnology and platinum-based therapeutics which not only efficiently exerts the chemotherapeutic cytotoxic effect on tumor cell but also restores immune response of immunological cells within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
Cancer immunotherapy approaches designed to surmount tumor suppression take into consideration the pivotal molecular processes involved in the activation of immune system. (thno.org)
The purpose is to deliver chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or radiation to eliminate malignancy, prevent rejection of new stem cells, and create space for the new cells. (medscape.com)
Background CD8 + T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. (bmj.com)
Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
Recent evidence from pre-clinical studies evaluating immune-checkpoint inhibitors in various cancer cell-lines has suggested that combinatorial approaches may have superior survival outcomes compared to single-agent immunotherapy regimens. (biomedcentral.com)
As a proof of this concept, we have developed LVGN6051, a humanized 4-1BB mAb-AG that shows high anti-tumor efficacy in the absence of liver toxicity in a mouse model of cancer immunotherapy. (bioxcell.com)

That is, CTL expansion occurs if antigen is recognized on the surface of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). (cellml.org)
It was then that I specialized in professional antigen-presenting cells and their properties in health and disease. (edu.au)
My studies here focussed on the role of different types of professional antigen-presenting cells in human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven immune suppression that enables development of cervical cancer and a proportion of head and neck cancers. (edu.au)
Since 2023, I lead my own lab at the UQ Frazer Institute and focussed on deciphering intra-tumour and systemic immune regulations of professional antigen-presenting cells, with a special interest in cutaneous and mucosal squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. (edu.au)

When T cells are activated by Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), CD137 becomes embedded in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Several cells are known to initiate the process of plasma cell differentiation and are known collectively as antigen presenting cells (APCs) (Waller & Renwick, 1994). (referat.ru)
Lately, it has been described a novel function for ILCs as antigen presenting cells (APCs) through MHC-II-dependent presentation of commensal-derived antigens (3-7). (europa.eu)
Despite increasing data during the last decades, how commensal lipids are handled by immune cells, the contribution of different APCs to lipid presentation, and their effects on mucosal NKT cells remain poorly understood. (europa.eu)
As a result of the progress of the project, it was found that NKT cell-APCs crosstalk is a key mechanism for the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. (europa.eu)
Virus-based immunostimulatory cytokine and chemokine expression can recruit and activate T cells, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and natural killer (NK) cells, and subsequently, improve the therapeutic activity of OVs. (biomedcentral.com)
During this process, B7 family molecules present upon APCs are known to play crucial roles in optimal T cell stimulation. (aai.org)
These APCs capture and process Ags and then present the processed antigenic peptides upon MHC molecules to the T cells. (aai.org)
Subsequently, the APCs activate T cells with costimulatory molecules upon the APCs ( 1 ). (aai.org)
Despite its importance, the evolutionary process of the T cell activation system via APCs remains poorly understood because of the lack of an effective model organism in lower vertebrates that could allow one to manipulate leukocytes and to use suitable markers for the identification of APCs. (aai.org)
Thus, the evolutionary history of the T cell activation system via APCs remains unclear. (aai.org)

Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
CD137, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, is a type 1 transmembrane protein, expressed on surfaces of leukocytes and non-immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
Its alternative names are tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9), 4-1BB, and induced by lymphocyte activation (ILA). (wikipedia.org)
As a T cell co-stimulator, T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 signaling causes expression of CD137 on T cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
CD134 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein and member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR/NGFR) family. (bdbiosciences.com)
CD134 functions as a T cell costimulatory receptor when bound by OX40 Ligand/TNFSF4 that is expressed by antigen presenting cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
CD40L is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family (2) and binds to CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family (60). (bioskinrevive.com)
Our data suggest that fetuin-A overexpression significantly enhances the invasive potential of the cells and also the expression of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on these cells. (preprints.org)
It acts by binding to its receptor WSX-1 (also known as TCCR) and gp130 which results in the activation of a Jak/STAT signaling cascade, suggesting the IL-27 is involved in the regulation of immune processes. (rockland.com)
CTLA-4 is related to the T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28, and acts to suppress T cell function by competing with CD28 for binding to CD80 and CD86 on antigen presenting cells and recruiting inhibitory molecules into the TCR signaling synapse. (sanguinebio.com)
A second article in the same issue of The Journal of Experimental Medicine by Bulliard et al also explored the role of FcgR engagement on the effects of Ipilimumab as well as an agonistic antibody (DTA-1) targeting the T cell activating receptor GITR (TNFR glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein), which is also expressed on both activated T cells and T REG s. (sanguinebio.com)
Presently, dual-immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-programmed death receptor-1/programmed cell death receptor- ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) plus anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) is being evaluated for a wide range of tumor histologies. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Mak was recognized for his seminal work to clone the T cell receptor. (cancerresearch.org)
4-1BB is a TNF receptor family member that signals via a complex that includes TRAF family members and the c-IAPs to upregulate NF-kappaB and ERK, and has been implicated in memory T-cell survival. (bioxcell.com)
MAM superantigen activates T cells by forming a complex between the major histocompatability complex (MHC) II molecule on antigen presenting cells and the Vβ chain segments of the T cell receptor (TCR) on CD4+T cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MAM is a unique superantigen in that it also interacts with Toll like receptor (TLR) 4 and 2 found on cells of the innate immune system [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in GIST and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
It unlocks novel dimensions by uncovering elusive cell populations and tumor heterogeneities for early detection, unraveling mechanisms of treatment resistance, tailoring therapies to individuals, and illuminating metastasis and cachexia pathways, thereby opening fresh avenues for preventive strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
Pathways to enhance T cell function in tumors. (virginia.edu)
Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Upon binding its ligand 4-1BBL, 4-1BB provides costimulatory signals to both CD4 and CD8 T cells through the activation of NF-κB, c-Jun and p38 downstream pathways. (bioxcell.com)
Different pathways regulate different immune cells to help the body differentiate the bodies own healthy cells from disease-causing agents including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, cancerous cells, and many more. (medscape.com)
The body's immune system can react adaptively against the antigen via 2 pathways: cellular or humoral. (medscape.com)

PM 2.5 increased the mRNA and protein expression of M1 markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
Although the expression of MHC class I and II molecules can be upregulated by MSC exposure to inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN- γ ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), they are still unable to induce an immunological response [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)

BRD4 inhibitor reduced the size of the unirradiated tumor indicating that it may induce systemic immune responses. (preprints.org)
It has been suggested that IL-27 can also be used as a therapeutic agent against cancer as it can also induce tumor-specific anti-tumor activity mediated through CD8+ T-cells, IFN-gamma, and T-bet. (rockland.com)
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) specifically induce cancer cells death by infection of and spreading on tumor cells through different mechanisms such as direct lysis effect or adjacent cells fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
There is clearly a need to identify accu- allergy research and in the definition of the important rately chemicals that have the potential to induce aller- immune mechanisms that influence the acquisition and gic sensitization and to assess the risks they pose to regulation of allergic sensitization to chemicals. (cdc.gov)
BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest that second-generation influenza vaccines with higher hemagglutinin (HA) antigen content and/or different production methods may induce stronger antibody responses to HA than standard-dose egg-based influenza vaccines in adults. (cdc.gov)

This course will provide detailed insights into the latest developments in fundamental biological research aiming at understanding the complex interactions between antigen presenting cells and immune effector cells as well as into some aspects of today-s clinical practice. (universiteitleiden.nl)

When they arrive, these cells initiate proinflammatory responses including cytokine secretion. (wikipedia.org)
CD137/ligand stimulation has been found to lead to stronger anti-tumor responses due to cytotoxic T cell activation and is being examined as a possible anticancer therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Our overarching goal is to understand the cell-autonomous regulation of stem-like CD8+ TILs, their crosstalk with other cells in the TME, and how together they govern the activation of proficient anti- tumor CD8+ T cell responses and ICB efficacy. (hhs.gov)
CD40L-CD40 interactions were originally shown to play a key role in thymus-dependent humoral immune responses, mediating cognate interactions between CD4+ T cells and B cells that are essential for B-cell activation and differentiation, class switching, germinal center formation, and the generation of B-cell memory (reviewed in references 21 and 31). (bioskinrevive.com)
In addition, CD40L-CD40 interactions have been shown to be involved in the initiation of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses (24, 25, 65, 71). (bioskinrevive.com)
Naive CD4 + T cells can develop into various helper T (Th) subsets with different cytokine profiles and play a discriminative role in translating antigen-specific immune responses into tissue functions or immunopathology. (atsjournals.org)
Both ILC2 and ILC3 populations are able to internalize and present peptide antigens on MHC-II and control T cell responses (3-7). (europa.eu)
NKT cells, through TCR recognition of self- or commensal-derived lipids presented by CD1d, contribute to establish immune homeostasis and to anti-microbial, anti-tumour and autoimmune responses (10,11). (europa.eu)
Among the superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, in this article, we mainly focus on Ig-Superfamily CADMs: the members of the Immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, which play diverse roles in immune responses, neural development, and cell signaling. (pharmiweb.com)
PECAM-1 is expressed on the surface of platelets and endothelial cells and is involved in cell adhesion and signaling during immune responses. (pharmiweb.com)
Methods CT26 models were treated with anti-PD-1 on days 3, 6 and 9 following subcutaneous tumor implantation generating variable responses during early tumor development. (bmj.com)
Adoptive transfer of Tet lo showed more effective tumor control than Tet hi , and curative responses were achieved when Tet lo was combined with two doses of anti-PD-1. (bmj.com)
In this case, the stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent immunogenic cell death (ICD) process in OVs-infected cells elicit a range of anti-tumor immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulation of immune responses through MoAbs is a ground-breaking therapeutic strategy in oncology. (biomedcentral.com)
Singh, SK, Streng-Ouwehand I, Litjens M, Kalay H, Saeland E and VAN KOOYK Y. Tumour -associated glycan modifications of antigen enhance MGL2 dependent uptake and MHC class I restricted CD8 T cell responses. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
MAPK Pathway Inhibition in Melanoma The MAPK pathway is primarily responsible for responses to growth signals within cells. (globaltechbiz.com)
These observations indicate that fugu B7s regulate T cell responses via receptors upon T cells. (aai.org)
In fish, a variety of specific immune responses such as acute allograft rejection indicate that T cells are involved in these immune activities in a similar manner to those of mammals ( 3 ). (aai.org)
Fusion cell vaccination of patients with metastatic breast and renal cancer induces immunological and clinical responses. (nwbio.com)
Costimulation of T cell responses with monoclonal antibody agonists (mAb-AG) targeting 4-1BB showed robust anti-tumor activity in preclinical models, but their clinical development was hampered by low efficacy (Utomilumab) or severe liver toxicity (Urelumab). (bioxcell.com)
We compared antibody responses to high-dose egg-based inactivated (HD-IIV3), recombinant (RIV4), and cell culture-based (ccIIV4) vs standard-dose egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV4) among health care personnel (HCP) aged 18-65 years in 2 influenza seasons (2018-2019, 2019-2020). (cdc.gov)
These findings suggest that recombinant vaccines rather than vaccines with higher egg-based antigen doses may provide improved antibody responses in highly vaccinated populations. (cdc.gov)

The present study investigated the expression of T helper (Th)17 cytokines in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance in providing new therapeutic insights. (spandidos-publications.com)
It was further demonstrated that Th17 cells could be induced and expanded in the tumor microenvironment through cytokines produced by the tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
For example, antibodies specific to tumor antigens, adoptively transferred immune cells, therapeutic vaccines, and recombinant cytokines effectively boost the host immune system to recognize tumor cells as pathogens and eliminate them [ 1 - 3 ]. (thno.org)
This costimulatory activity is necessary for the CD4+ T cell to become fully activated and produce cytokines and/or perform other effector functions (reviewed in references 22 and 23). (bioskinrevive.com)
The impacts of proinflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation by pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) on Th22-cell differentiation were explored. (atsjournals.org)
The overrepresentation of Th22 cells in TPE may be due to pleural cytokines and to PMC-produced chemokines. (atsjournals.org)
Our results suggest that the accumulation of Th22 cells in tuberculous pleural effusion may be due to the increased local proinflammatory cytokines and to pleural mesothelial cell-produced chemokines. (atsjournals.org)
TME comprises immune cells, stromal cells, and various cytokines [ 10 ], among which immune cells play a crucial role in tumor development. (biomedcentral.com)
The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. (hindawi.com)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

OX40 was clustered as CD134 in the Sixth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
Leucocyte typing IV : white cell differentiation antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
Leucocyte typing V : white cell differentiation antigens : proceedings of the fifth international workshop and conference held in Boston, USA, 3-7 November, 1993. (bdbiosciences.com)
However, differentiation and immune regulation of Th22 cells in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remain unknown. (atsjournals.org)
IL-1β, IL-6, and/or tumor necrosis factor-α promoted Th22-cell differentiation from CD4 + T cells. (atsjournals.org)
Wu and colleagues identify gene networks and transcription factors that control the differentiation of stem-like CD8+ CAR T cells into effector or exhausted CD8 + CAR T cells. (nature.com)
Adipose-derived MSCs, in particular, pose an attractive option for cell-based therapy due to their relatively decreased morbidity during isolation and potential for expansion and differentiation [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Multipotential differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages. (hindawi.com)
It has unique roles in T cell activation and differentiation, splenic germinal center formation, and immunoglobulin class switching. (biolegend.com)
The expression of ICOS within the first 48 hours after T cell activation suggests that it may contribute to the differentiation of T cells during the primary response. (biolegend.com)
These results suggest that this protein plays a pivotal role in T cell activation and Th1/Th2 differentiation. (biolegend.com)

When the CD137/CD137L complex interacts with endothelial cells, including those lining vascular structures, it induces the upregulation of molecules that promote inflammation and damage. (wikipedia.org)
Zhong Y, Liao J, Hu Y, Wang Y, Sun C, Zhang C, Wang G. PM 2.5 Upregulates MicroRNA-146a-3p and Induces M1 Polarization in RAW264.7 Cells by Targeting Sirtuin1. (medsci.org)
We report that the WNV capsid (Cp) by itself induces rapid nuclear condensation and cell death in tissue culture. (cdc.gov)

However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)
Moreover, single-cell sequencing provides unique insights into the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer metastasis and cachexia, paving the way for developing novel preventive strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Ongoing research investigates mechanisms invoked by cancer cells to abrogate MHC-I expression and attenuate anti-tumour CD8 + cytotoxic T cell response. (portlandpress.com)
This review provides a comprehensive overview of physiologically conserved or novel mechanisms utilised by tumour cells to reduce MHC-I or MHC-II expression. (portlandpress.com)
Although IL-22-producing helper T (Th22) cells have been reported to be involved in human tuberculosis, the mechanisms by which Th22 cells differentiate and are recruited into the pleural space are unknown. (atsjournals.org)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
however, mechanisms through which these bioactive compounds act on epithelial cells have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)

Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)
Treatment of xenograft tumors resulted in PD-L1-dependent tumor growth inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
Importantly, inhibition of miR-146a-3p upregulated SIRT1 protein and suppressed M1 polarization in PM 2.5 treated RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
Thus, the mechanism of action of Ipilimumab has been presumed to involve releasing anti-tumor effector T cells from CTLA-4-inhibition and/or limiting T REG activity in the tumor and therefore resulting in an increase in the ratio of effector T cells/ T REG s within the tumor. (sanguinebio.com)
We present a synopsis of the prospects for expanding the indications of dual immune-checkpoint inhibition therapy to a more diverse set of tumor histologies. (biomedcentral.com)
Presently, combination checkpoint inhibition is being extensively evaluated for potential clinical benefit in a large number of tumor histologies. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevaccination and 1-month-postvaccination sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against 4 cell culture propagated vaccine reference viruses. (cdc.gov)

First, the stimulatory or death signals are released from apoptotic tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
However, the ability of HPV-infected cells to resist apoptotic signals renders such therapies ineffective. (mdpi.com)

The Kaempferol inhibitor fact that CD40L and CD40 are expressed in a tightly controlled fashion on T cells and on many different cell populations with which they interact suggests that CD40L-CD40 interactions are probably involved in the regulation of a number of aspects of the immune response. (bioskinrevive.com)
BRD4 inhibitor expanded CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations and reduced the population of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs). (preprints.org)
Thus, even for functionally different (antagonistic versus agonistic) immunotherapeutic antibodies targeting these same T cell populations, FcgR-mediated ADCC of T REG s appears to be a critical mechanism for anti-tumor effects. (sanguinebio.com)
Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)

The tumor staging of the patients was performed in accordance with the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node metastasis (TNM) classification ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Some tumor suppressor proteins are involved in maintaining cell adhesion, preventing cells from breaking away and spreading to other parts of the body (metastasis). (pharmiweb.com)
While tumor imaging and radiotherapy strategies are crucial for tumor identification and treatment, the presence of metastasis and radiation resistance has reduced the efficacy of treatment in cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor microenvironment (TME) refers to the internal and external environment during tumors' occurrence, growth, and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

More immune cells are infiltrating the tumor microenvironment of patients in the low-risk group, especially B cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Antigens are foreign molecules that initiate an immune response, they have inherent immunogenicity (Tortora & Grabowski, 1996). (referat.ru)
Dysfunctional endothelium leads to increased permeability to lipoproteins and up-regulation of leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
Regulation of adhesion molecules is also influenced by mechanical forces. (medscape.com)
Cell adhesion molecules are a diverse group of proteins that play a crucial role in mediating cell-to-cell interactions and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. (pharmiweb.com)
The molecules are found on the cell surface, where they facilitate adhesion to neighboring cells or the extracellular matrix, creating stable cell structures and supporting tissue organization. (pharmiweb.com)
These molecules are essential for embryonic development, wound healing, immune cell recognition, and many other physiological functions. (pharmiweb.com)
In this manner, the reduced detection of self MHC-I molecules by NK cell-inhibitory receptors coupled with an increase in activating signals by recognition of stress-induced surface ligands promote the cytolytic activity of NK cells. (biomedcentral.com)
MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
The fugu B7 molecules bound to activated T cells, indicating that putative B7 receptors were expressed upon T cells. (aai.org)
The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
The immune system is an inherent self-defense system consisting of cells that helps the body distinguish between self and non-self molecules. (medscape.com)
Antigens are the molecules that are recognized and stimulate the cells of immune system. (medscape.com)
These may be different molecules within the cells like proteins, polysaccharides, or nucleoproteins and may also be the whole cell, like a tumor cell or organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or agents containing genetic material such as nucleic acids or lipids. (medscape.com)
Variable region constitutes the antibody binding region of the molecule to the different antigens as it consists of about 110 amino acids that vary widely among the different antibody molecules. (medscape.com)

a clone of plasma cells capable of the production of antibodies. (referat.ru)
Antibodies are immunoglobulins, modified blood proteins with a specific action against antigens. (referat.ru)
Thus differential affinities of IgG subclasses to functionally different Fcg receptors are thought to mediate the variation in clinical effectiveness of different antibodies targeting the same antigen. (sanguinebio.com)
This study concluded that a major mechanism of action for both antibodies involved engagement of activating FcgRs leading to ADCC-mediated T REG depletion from the tumor. (sanguinebio.com)
The cellular response is mainly a lymphocyte-mediated reaction, whereas the humoral response includes production of antibodies against the antigen by the plasma cells. (medscape.com)
The antibodies then specifically bind to only those particular antigens. (medscape.com)

In vivo , CWO induced transcriptional changes in immune-related genes, resulting in cytotoxic T cell-dependent tumor regression. (biorxiv.org)

Aarnoudse CA, Vallejo JJ, Saeland E and VAN KOOYK, Y. Recognition of tumor glycans by antigen-presenting cells. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. (oncotarget.com)

Further translational research is being performed in the identification of specific cellular targets that can be used for anti-cancer therapies, the development of anti-tumor vaccines and the immunological optimization of these therapies. (virginia.edu)
I completed my Master's project at the Paul Ehrlich Federal Institute for Sera and Vaccines in Langen where I investigated the impact of vaccinia virus‐induced type I interferons on T cells. (edu.au)
Glycan-based DC-SIGN targeting vaccines to enhance antigen cross-presentation. (dc4u-technologies.nl)

What is known is the fact that mAbs targeting CD137 are successful in fighting cancer as they can not only mark cancer cells, but they allow for CD8+ T cell activation and increased IFN-gamma secretion as per CD137's function as a costimulatory molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Low shear stress up-regulates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), while increased shear stress can lead to increased gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (medscape.com)
CTLA-4 is a negative regulatory molecule expressed by activated T cells as well as by negative regulatory T cells (T REG s). (sanguinebio.com)
Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen (Ag). (msdmanuals.com)

In conclusion, Th17 cells have a substantial impact on the carcinogenesis of LSCCs, and could serve as a potential therapeutic target to modulate the anti‑tumor response in these carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
In 2019, I re-joined UQ as Research Fellow, where I continued my research interest in human papillomavirus-driven immune suppression in antigen-presenting cells, with the aim to develop new experimental therapies that can modulate the performance of these cells. (edu.au)

2015). "c-IAP ubiquitin protein ligase activity is required for 4-1BB signaling and CD8(+) memory T-cell survival" Eur J Immunol 45(9): 2672-2682. (bioxcell.com)

Many tumor suppressor proteins play a role in DNA repair, helping to correct genetic mutations and maintain the stability of the genome. (pharmiweb.com)
The total number of somatic mutations can be quantified by tumor mutation burden (TMB) [ 5 ], associated with poor prognosis in certain cancers, including NSCLC [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While BRAF inhibitors predictably inhibit MEK/ERK signaling in cells harboring BRAF mutations, they paradoxically activate MEK/ERK signaling in cells harboring RAS mutations by promoting BRAF-CRAF heterodimers and homodimers. (globaltechbiz.com)
As class II and III mutants represent 5% of all BRAF mutations in melanoma, there has been little clinical development of MEK, ERK, and newer BRAF inhibitors, however the effectiveness of these agents in patients with any solid tumor malignancy and one of these mutations is an area of active investigation. (globaltechbiz.com)

Here too, they likely act by regulating Kaempferol inhibitor costimulatory activity on antigen-presenting cells. (bioskinrevive.com)
In addition, orphan receptors similar to mammalian costimulatory receptors such as CD28 upon the T cell have been reported in fish species ( 6 , 7 ). (aai.org)

A total of 70 tumors and 70 adjacent control tissues (pathologically confirmed normal mucosa) were obtained from patients with LSCC undergoing surgery. (spandidos-publications.com)
Saeland E, Belo A.I., Mongera S., van Die I, Meijer GA and VAN KOOYK Y. Differential glycosylation of MUC1 and CEACAM5 between normal mucosa and tumour tissue of colon cancer patients. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
Hsp 70 was expressed on all three of the tumors studied, but was never detected in the peritumoral normal mucosa (NM). (biomedcentral.com)

Studies with T-cell adoptive transfer demonstrated that the enhanced decay of memory cells was T-cell intrinsic. (bioxcell.com)

Current research in theranostics is addressing new targets but-equally important-the optimization of radiopharmaceutical doses and dose schedules, investigation of combination therapies, and treatment at earlier tumor stages. (snmjournals.org)
For each cancer discussed in the first part of our overview, as well as in Part II, which will deal with more common cancers, we briefly cover the tumor biology, how targeting was achieved, the introduction of immune modulation or immune-conjugates, and the impact these therapies are having in the disease. (cancernetwork.com)
Targeting Staphylococcus aureus dominated skin dysbiosis in actinic keratosis to prevent the onset of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Outlook for future therapies? (edu.au)
His work has served as the bedrock for the development of T cell therapies and CAR-T therapy, offering hope and new possibilities in the realm of cancer treatment. (cancerresearch.org)

Single-cell sequencing is a high-throughput technique that enables detection of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic information at the individual cell level, offering significant advantages in detecting cellular heterogeneity, precise cell classification, and identifying rare subpopulations. (frontiersin.org)
However, the impact of molecular features associated with genomic instability on the tumor microenvironment (TME) has not been well characterized. (biomedcentral.com)
Abnormalities in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation are related to genomic instability, suggesting the potential of molecular markers as a quantitative measure of genomic instability [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This is in contrast to direct presentation where antigen is seen on the surface of the target cells (e.g. infected cells or tumor cells). (cellml.org)
We propose a new mechanism of regulation which is implicit in the dynamics of the CTL: According to the model, the ability of a CTL response to become established depends on the ratio of cross-presentation to direct presentation of the antigen. (cellml.org)
A key mechanism of immune evasion deployed by tumour cells is to reduce neoantigen presentation through down-regulation of the antigen presentation machinery. (portlandpress.com)
In our previous work, increased DCs cross-presentation of antigens from necrotic gastric carcinoma cells paralleled up-regulation of the heat shock protein hsp 70. (biomedcentral.com)
This data indicates a tumor-specific expression of hsp 70, but does not support its relevance in the DC cross-presentation of TAs. (biomedcentral.com)

A murine breast cancer cell line was implanted into BALB/c mice. (preprints.org)
sought to clarify the mechanism by which Ipilimumab functions to alter the ratio of effector T cells/ T REG s in a murine tumor model. (sanguinebio.com)

Wpep-DGL/Pt showed potent antitumor efficacy in MDA-MB-231 cells tumor-bearing nude mice with a deficient immune system, demonstrating targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and the resultant cytotoxicity. (thno.org)

Research at UVA has fundamentally contributed to these advances, beginning with the early identification of tumor proteins targeted by T cells in melanoma patients. (virginia.edu)
In this review, we summarize the current landscape of combination therapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 plus anti-CTLA-4 MoAbs for patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (biomedcentral.com)

SUMMARY BLURB Essential oil derived from the camphor tree acts by stimulating immune cell-dependent regression of skin tumors in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (biorxiv.org)

The chemoattractant activity of chemokines produced by PMCs for Th22 cells was observed. (atsjournals.org)

Expect a band at approximately 25 kDa in Western Blots of specific cell lysates and tissues. (rockland.com)
They facilitate adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells, enabling leukocyte extravasation into tissues during inflammation. (pharmiweb.com)
Ig-superfamily CADMs are involved in mediating cell-to-cell adhesion, helping cells stick together and form tissues and organs. (pharmiweb.com)
qRT-PCR and IHC showed increased ANLN, RHOV, and KRT6A expression in the LUAD cells and tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
The immune system also has the capacity to recognize and destroy abnormal cells that derive from host tissues. (msdmanuals.com)

Targeting of the fibroblast activation protein is currently being explored for different tumor entities using PET imaging with the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) 68 Ga-FAPI-04, and the first therapeutic applications of 90 Y-FAPI-04 have been applied. (snmjournals.org)
Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8 + T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. (bmj.com)
DC-SIGN mediated antigen-targeting using glycan-modified liposomes: Formulation considerations. (dc4u-technologies.nl)

It has been confirmed that naïve (uncommitted) CD4 + T cells can be induced to different specific lineages according to the local cytokine, including towards T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Similarly, C3H/HeJ injected mice have a type 1 cytokine profile (IL-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α) compared to inoculated C3H/HeSnJ mice that have a type 2 cytokine profile (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Emerging single-cell sequencing technologies will undoubtedly enhance our understanding of the complex biology of pancreatic cancer and pave the way for new directions in its clinical diagnosis and treatment. (frontiersin.org)

This protein is also expressed (although at lower levels) on a subset of CD8+ T cells following activation (2, 28, 39, 53), and its expression has been documented on several other cell types, including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and B cells (reviewed in reference 66). (bioskinrevive.com)
Nonetheless, in addition of source of protein antigens, commensal bacteria are a source of lipids capable to activate the lipid-reactive cells named natural killer T (NKT) cells (8,9). (europa.eu)
Overexpression of miR-146a-3p downregulated the expression of SIRT1 protein in untreated RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (c-IAP) 1 and 2 are widely expressed ubiquitin protein ligases that regulate a variety of cellular functions, including the sensitivity of T cells to costimulation. (bioxcell.com)

If these interactions are regulated appropriately, the host is defended against a wide range of pathogens and deranged host cells. (ox.ac.uk)
If these interactions are disregulated, the host is susceptible to pathogens or tumor escape at one extreme and autoimmunity at the other. (ox.ac.uk)

Flow cytometry was used to investigate the percentage of Th17 and Th1 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The results revealed that the prevalence of Th17 cells in patients with LSCC was elevated in their primary tumors, as well as in peripheral blood, compared with that in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study revealed that patients with LSCC have elevated levels of Th17 cells in their primary tumors and peripheral blood compared with those in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), founded in 1986, and the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA), founded in 1988, were established to (1) locate and secure appropriate unrelated-donor HSCT sources for patients by promoting volunteer donation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells in the community and (2) promote ethical practices of sharing stem cell sources by need, rather than by geographic location of the donor. (medscape.com)

The mechanism connecting CD137 bidirectional signaling to the promotion of atherosclerosis is related to CD137 mediation of epithelial cell damage. (wikipedia.org)
The role of complement & antibody-antigen complexesAntibodies have two distinct functions: to recognise and combine with an antigen, and to activate a defence mechanism for example by activating the complement sequence (Dale et. (referat.ru)
To elucidate the mechanism by which Th22 cells differentiate and recruit into the pleural space. (atsjournals.org)
Together, these studies identify T cell-mediated tumor regression as the mechanism through which a plant-derived essential oil diminishes established tumor burden. (biorxiv.org)

Interleukin (IL)17-producing Th17 cells, which are different from Th1 and Th2 cells, have been described as serving critical roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, as well as in cancer development ( 8 - 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Development and efficient activity of Tregs appear dependent of Bregs for a better regulation of autoimmune reactions, of anti-infectious reactions, but also of anti-tumor reactions. (univ-brest.fr)
This continuously evolving system sometimes reacts against the bodies own cells, identifying it as foreign, which leads to healthy tissue destruction and causes autoimmune diseases and cancers. (medscape.com)

Although there is ample evidence that the chemotherapeutic drugs trigger an immune response, the efficient tumor rejection or regression is not guaranteed probably due to the massive immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
During the early phase of tumor development, immune cells could spontaneously infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment to evoke an immune response and fight against the growth of the tumor. (thno.org)
The molecular interactions underlying regulation of the immune response take place in a nanoscale gap between T cells and antigen-presenting cells, termed the immunological synapse. (ox.ac.uk)
There are two hallmark phenotypes of allergic asthma: (1) inflammatory, due to a T helper cell type 2 (Th2)-mediated immune response resulting in elevated inflammatory cells in the airways, and (2) airway hyper-reactivity, during which volume and flow of inhaled air decreases as a consequence of airway constriction. (cdc.gov)

Please see the Nature Portfolio Collection on Stromal-Immune Cell Interactions. (nature.com)
You will find recent research articles and reviews that discuss the players and factors involved in stromal-immune cell interactions in both health and disease. (nature.com)
Cell-based therapy utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive option for augmenting the fracture repair process. (hindawi.com)
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
MSC = multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell. (hindawi.com)

In chronic cases, this results in excessive inflammation of the epithelial tissue, leading to cell damage and the formation of atherosclerotic inflammatory lesions. (wikipedia.org)
The prevalence of Th17 cells and their receptors in patients with LSCC was studied using immunohistochemical analysis via tissue microarray technology. (spandidos-publications.com)

One of these cell types is the population called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) which comprise several families of cells that can be classified into three groups: ILC type 1 (ILC1), ILC2 and ILC3. (europa.eu)

Regardless of the therapeutic approach, the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer cells and the complexity of its tumor microenvironment contribute to the emergence of drug resistance. (frontiersin.org)
IL-35 is composed of EBI3 and the p35 subunit of IL-12 and has been reported to have therapeutic effects against collagen-induced arthritis by expanding the population of regulatory T cells and suppressing Th17 cells. (rockland.com)
Coupled with reports that allogeneic MSCs have immunoprivileged status and immunomodulatory properties, there has been considerable interest in exploring the use of these cells as a therapeutic option for bone repair. (hindawi.com)

1994). This sequence involves more than thirty proteins (Mollnes & Harboe, 1996) and has the function of the destruction and removal of invading micro-organisms and subcellular debris and to promote clearance of antigen-antibody complexes (Dale et. (referat.ru)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms10

Diseases56

Chemicals and Drugs96

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care6

Lymphocytes20

Immunity20

Immunology7

Dendritic34

Solid tumors6

Macrophages12

Proliferation18

Immunotherapy13

Professional antigen prese4

APCs11

Receptor17

Pathways10

Necrosis factor alpha2

Induce5

Effector cells1

Responses22

Cytokines10

Differentiation11

Induces3

Mechanisms10

Inhibition7

Apoptotic2

Populations4

Metastasis4

Microenvironment of patients1

Molecules14

Antibodies6

Cytotoxic T ce1

Recognition2

Vaccines3

Molecule4

Modulate2

Immunol1

Mutations4

Costimulatory2

Normal mucosa3

Adoptive transfer1

Therapies4

Genomic3

Presentation5

Murine2

Efficacy1

Melanoma2

Squamous cell carc1

Chemokines1

Tissues5

Targeting3

Cytokine2

Biology1

Protein4

Pathogens2

Peripheral blood4

Mechanism4

Autoimmune3

Immune response4

Stromal5

Tissue2

Lymphoid1

Therapeutic3

Proteins2