Tumor necrosis factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Expression system for standard: Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18(TNFRSF18), also called GITR or AITR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF18 gene. (innov-research.com)

Clinical Outcomes and Biologic Costs of Switching Between Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in US Veterans with Rheumatoid Arthritis. (ucdenver.edu)

Etanercept and infliximab are U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. (nih.gov)
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonists have rapidly emerged as a valuable class of antirheumatic agents. (nih.gov)

A molecular signature response classifier (MSRC) that predicts which patients with RA are unlikely to respond to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi) therapy would have wide clinical utility. (springer.com)
The impact of smoking on response to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor" by HANDAN YARKAN TUĞSAL, GÖKÇE KENAR ARTIN et al. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Background/aim: To investigate the impact of smoking on disease activity, treatment retention, and response in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with their first tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi). (tubitak.gov.tr)
Regardless of the tumor heterogeneity, cotreatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib efficiently sensitized all primary glioma samples for TRAIL-induced apoptosis and tremendously reduced their clonogenic survival. (aacrjournals.org)
Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who receive an initial tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) may switch to another TNFi or a non-TNFi biologic therapy. (analysisgroup.com)

Three patients underwent a medical history for TB risk factors before beginning therapy with a TNF-α antagonist. (cdc.gov)
We report pulmonary M . haemophilum infection in a woman who had been immunosuppressed by tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist (TNF-αA) (adalimumab) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. (cdc.gov)

In 1968, Gale A Granger from the University of California, Irvine, reported a cytotoxic factor produced by lymphocytes and named it lymphotoxin (LT). Credit for this discovery is shared by Nancy H. Ruddle from Yale University, who reported the same activity in a series of back-to-back articles published in the same month. (wikipedia.org)
Distinct roles of the two tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors in modulating TNF and lymphotoxin alpha effects. (aaem.pl)
The shed portion of the 55 and 75 kDa membrane receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) have been described in the serum of patients with cancer. (escholarship.org)

Subsequently, in 1975 Lloyd J. Old from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, reported another cytotoxic factor produced by macrophages and named it tumor necrosis factor (TNF). (wikipedia.org)
It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. (joplink.net)
This study has demonstrated that a subset of mononuclear phagocytes, mature macrophages, are responsible for tumour necrosis factor secretion and this could have implications for targeted management in sarcoidosis in the future. (ersjournals.com)
Critical role of glass fiber length in TNF-alpha production and transcription factor activation in macrophages. (cdc.gov)
In the present study, we analyzed the effects of length on the interaction between glass fibers and macrophages by focusing on production of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). (cdc.gov)

Aderka D, Engelmann H, Maor Y, Brakebusch C, Wallach D. Stabilization of the bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor by its soluble receptors. (aaem.pl)
Onsrud M, Shabana A, Austgulen R, Nustad K. Comparison between soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors and CA125 in peritoneal fluids as a marker for epithelial ovarian cancer. (aaem.pl)
Opala T, Rzymski P, Wilczak M, Woźniak J. Evaluation of soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptors p55 and p75 in ovarian cancer patients. (aaem.pl)
Serum levels of 55 and 75 kDa TNF/LT receptors were a more sensitive indicator of active cancer and had greater predictive value for detecting tumor in patients with ovarian cancer than CA 125. (escholarship.org)

Research in the laboratory led by Mark Mattson has shown that TNF can prevent the death/apoptosis of neurons by a mechanism involving activation of the transcription factor NF-κB which induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes and Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
In healthy individuals, cryopyrin and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) interact via the oligomerization of ASC to induce both apoptosis and activate nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B. (medscape.com)
The antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in gliomas has thus far only been thoroughly established in tumor cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
We isolated primary tumor cells from 13 astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma patients of all four WHO grades of malignancy and compared the levels of TRAIL-induced apoptosis induction, long-term tumor cell survival, caspase, and caspase target cleavage. (aacrjournals.org)
Jeffrey, I. W. , Bushell, M. , Tilleray, V. J. , Morley, S. and Clemens, M. J. (2002) Inhibition of protein synthesis in apoptosis: differential requirements by the tumor necrosis factor alpha family and a DNA-damaging agent for caspases and the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. (gla.ac.uk)
In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand inhibit overall translation by a mechanism that requires caspase (but not necessarily caspase-3) activity. (gla.ac.uk)

Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) production or function by small molecules has become a major focus in the pharmaceutical industry for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (rsc.org)
Koontongkaew S, Monthanapisut P, Saensuk T: Inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism decreases tumor cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase expression. (karger.com)
This inhibition is associated with the increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF2) α, increased association of eIF4E with the inhibitory eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP1), and specific cleavages of eIF4B and eIF2α. (gla.ac.uk)
The discovery of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) pathway, a transmembrane protein belonging to the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, and its inhibition by osteoprotogerin (OPG) has had important implications for bone physiology as well as inflammation research. (biomedcentral.com)
The inhibition of both TNF-alpha production and NF-kappaB activation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, indicates that generation of oxidants may contribute to the induction of this cytokine and activation of this transcription factor by glass fibers. (cdc.gov)

Etanercept, a dimerized version of the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II, and infliximab, a chimeric anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, are currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on their proven beneficial effects in clinical trials. (nih.gov)
Olsson I, Gatanaga T, Gullberg U, Lantz M, Granger GA. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) binding proteins (soluble TNF receptor forms) with possible roles in inflammation and malignancy. (aaem.pl)
Engelmann H, Holtmann H, Brakebusch C, Avni YS, Sarov I, Nophar Y, Hadas E, Leitner O, Wallach D. Antibodies to a soluble form of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor have TNF-like activity. (aaem.pl)

We further demonstrated that in vitro administration of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly upregulated expression levels of CCL2 and CXCL1 as well as phosphorylation (activation) of the stress-associated transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 in cultured astrocytes prepared from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats. (researchsquare.com)

Reports consistent with a beneficial effect of tumour necrosis factor blockade on BMD have begun to emerge in recent years, and in Arthritis Research and Therapy , a case control study reports that patients treated with infliximab for RA had preservation of BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck compared to those treated with methotrexate. (biomedcentral.com)

This gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). (medlineplus.gov)
Signaling within the cell initiates a pathway that turns on a protein called nuclear factor kappa B that triggers inflammation and leads to the production of immune system proteins called cytokines. (medlineplus.gov)
We also show that the TNF signaling reduces the level of inhibitory nuclear factor kappa B protein subtype A (NFKBIA), leading to the nuclear translocation of two NFKB dimers, p50/p50, and p50/RelA. (frontiersin.org)
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (joplink.net)
Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein as biomarker for survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (diva-portal.org)
In this study, a possible role of plasma interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as biomarkers for survival of HNSCC patients was investigated. (diva-portal.org)
Higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected in plasma of the patients compared with the levels in the controls. (diva-portal.org)
These effects of diabetic plasma on enzyme activity and cell adhesion, mediated by PKCβ2-dependent phosphorylation of the core 2 GlcNAc-T protein, were found to be triggered by increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (diabetesjournals.org)
Scholars@Duke publication: Transcriptional down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression by a synthetic peptide homologous to retroviral envelope protein. (duke.edu)
For example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 pathway mediates stabilization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in myeloid cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (ed.ac.uk)

formerly known as tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNF-α) is an adipokine and a cytokine. (wikipedia.org)
Cigana C, Assael BM, Melotti P: Azithromycin selectively reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
Background: The adipocyte products, leptin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha are associated with atherosclerotic diseases and may be factors contributing to the enhanced cardiovascular risk in hypopituitary patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. (lu.se)
Endometrial cancer invasion depends on cancer-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha and stromal derived hepatocyte growth factor. (aaem.pl)
Chegini N. An inverse relation between the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-alpha receptor in human endometrium. (aaem.pl)
Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit for Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa) ,etc. (uscnk.com)
Role of tumour necrosis factor alpha stimulated Gene-6 in the regulation of peri-cellular hyaluronan assembly in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Serum amyloid A and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein are transport proteins, and fibrinogen is a coagulation factor. (msdmanuals.com)
Certolizumab pegol is a recombinant, humanized antibody Fab' fragment against tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and in accordance with the CHMP guideline on the environmental risk assessment (EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00) is exempted from testing because of its chemical structure. (janusinfo.se)

Acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex encephalitis in a patient treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
We report a case of herpes simplex type 1- encephalitis in a 50-year-old woman receiving anti- tumor necrosis factor -α monoclonal antibodies adalimumab . (bvsalud.org)

Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α treatment has had a tremendous effect on the managment of rheumatoid arthritis, but it needs to be monitored closely. (bmj.com)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), the first pro-inflammatory cytokine to be released by an inflammatory response, suppresses the translation of the key enzyme of melatonin synthesis (arylalkylamine- N -acetyltransferase, Aanat ). (frontiersin.org)
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is thought to be a key early cytokine in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, despite conflicting data. (ersjournals.com)
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a key early cytokine in a variety of chronic inflammatory responses, including fibrosing alveolitis and granulomatous disease 6 - 8 . (ersjournals.com)

Eleven of the patients had at least one risk factor for LTBI (e.g., born in countries where TB is prevalent or contact with a person with TB disease). (cdc.gov)
Of the 38 patients with new-onset heart failure, 19 (50%) had no identifiable risk factors. (nih.gov)
In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) the cardiovascular risk is increased despite the low prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. (lww.com)
We have previously reported in IBD that aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is increased and dependent upon chronic inflammation, and that aPWV is reduced by long-term anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy and is increased in patients with severe inflammation and in those treated with high doses of salicylates. (lww.com)
Tumor TNM staging is the main basis for prognosis and treatment decision for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) despite significant heterogeneity in terms of outcome among patients with the same clinical stage. (diva-portal.org)
Our findings indicate that CRP and TNF-α might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment of HNSCC patients. (diva-portal.org)
In contrast to cell lines, isolated primary tumor cells from all investigated glioma patients were highly TRAIL resistant. (aacrjournals.org)
These preliminary results suggest that measurement of serum levels of 55 and 75 kDa sTNFr's, even though not tumor specific, may be a uniquely new method for identifying and monitoring patients with gynecologic malignancy. (escholarship.org)

NLRP3 ( CIAS1 ) mutations are gain-of-function mutations that cause constitutive activation of the inflammasome, a complex with pro-IL-1-processing activity, and macrophage necrosis. (medscape.com)
To investigate tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) regulation of CCL3 expression in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and in macrophage migration. (shu.ac.uk)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (commonly known as TRAPS) is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of fever. (medlineplus.gov)

Malignant gliomas are the most aggressive human brain tumors without any curative treatment. (aacrjournals.org)

Both factors were described based on their ability to kill mouse fibrosarcoma L-929 cells. (wikipedia.org)
HA assembly is influenced by its interaction with hyaladherins and this study investigated the role of tumour necrosis factor-α stimulated gene (TSG)-6, one of the hyaladherins by assessing its interaction with HA, HABP and CD44 in proximal tubular cells (PTC) EMT. (cardiff.ac.uk)

Elevated circulating tumor necrosis factor levels in Alzheimer's disease. (alzforum.org)
Fillit H, Ding WH, Buee L, Kalman J, Altstiel L, Lawlor B, Wolf-Klein G . Elevated circulating tumor necrosis factor levels in Alzheimer's disease . (alzforum.org)

Epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) has been shown to contribute to renal disease and tissue fibrosis and is known to be mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). (cardiff.ac.uk)

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a collective name for heterogeneous tumors located in the head and neck regions for which smoking, alcohol and human papillomavirus (HPV) are documented risk factors. (diva-portal.org)

The sTNFr's were also more sensitive than CA 125 in detecting persistent or recurrent tumor and measuring response to therapy. (escholarship.org)

It is hypothesised that mononuclear phagocyte TNF-α production early in the pathophysiology of granuloma formation is a pivotal factor in the initiation of disease. (ersjournals.com)

Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB was responsible for this induced promoter activity. (cdc.gov)

Haider S, Knofler M. Human tumour necrosis factor: physiological and pathological roles in placenta and endometrium. (aaem.pl)

however, the increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and associated risk factors and behaviors among all age groups limits aging as a sole explanation. (cdc.gov)

multivariate analyses adjusted for other risk factors. (who.int)
Incidence, complications, and risk factors for prolonged stay in children hospitalized with community-acquired influenza. (cdc.gov)

This study aimed to determine the effect of the aqueous extract of Gongronema latifolium (AEGL) leaves on the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rabbits. (techscience.com)

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