Tumor macrophages. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a class of immune cells present in high numbers in the microenvironment of solid tumors. (wikipedia.org)
The composition of monocyte-derived macrophages and tissue-resident macrophages in the tumor microenvironment depends on the tumor type, stage, size, and location, thus it has been proposed that TAM identity and heterogeneity is the outcome of interactions between tumor-derived, tissue-specific, and developmental signals. (wikipedia.org)
Targeting macrophages to modulate the tumor immune microenvironment can ameliorate the tumor-associated immunosuppression and elicit an anti-tumor immune response. (springer.com)
umors use chemokine signals to draw monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages into the tumor microenvironment, where the cells become tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). (the-scientist.com)
CSCs are enriched near macrophages, particularly near macrophage-containing intravasation sites called Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis (TMEM) doorways. (nature.com)
In conclusion, β-catenin drives a transcriptional switch in the lung tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor progression and metastasis. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Additionally, unique subpopulations of TAMs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that significantly enhances tumor genesis by limiting vital anti-tumor immune responses[ 2 ], however the mechanisms that regulate TAM development and their actions within the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood. (bmj.com)
Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. (nature.com)
Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
Non-resolving inflammation in a tumor microenvironment is a hallmark of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Leukocytes, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells together form a tumor microenvironment, with immune cells representing its major component. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are critical components of the microenvironment of the majority of malignant tumors, associated with poor prognostic notably through various factors secreting. (ommegaonline.org)
Tumors exhibit significant myeloid cell infiltrates, which are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
Finally, we will comment on the mechanisms regulating myeloid cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and on the potential of myeloid cells as new targets for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
However, increasing data has indicated that the clinical potential of most immunotherapies is usually hampered by immunosuppressive status of the tumor microenvironment (TME) [ 7 ]. (thno.org)
Cellular and matrix interactions of F4/80, an adhesion GPCR which defines murine tissue macrophages, in the normal and tumor microenvironment. (ox.ac.uk)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the key effector cells in the tumor microenvironment and induce neoangiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and metastasis while suppressing the tumor immune system. (utwente.nl)
Abstract Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and ascites-derived spheroids in ovarian cancer (OC) facilitate tumor growth and progression, and also pose major obstacles for cancer therapy. (organoidresearch.com)
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the main cell populations in the tumour microenvironment. (crct-inserm.fr)
In the present study, we found that lactic acid orchestrated intracellular communication in the tumor microenvironment . (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, our findings decipher a positive feedback loop in which tumor cells metabolically interact with macrophages in the OSCC microenvironment, highlighting the potential for therapeutic targeting of the GPNMB/CD44 axis as a promising strategy for treating OSCC. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this scholarly study is to investigate the regulation mechanisms of hCAP18/LL-37 in the tumor microenvironment. (gasyblog.com)
These total results propose novel mechanism for hCAP18/LL-37 regulations in the tumor microenvironment. (gasyblog.com)
Under the influence of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor infiltrating M1 effector macrophages, which drive Th1 responses, support vascular normalization, and improve T-cell recruitment in the process of tumor rejection gets polarized to tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive tumor-associated M2 macrophages (TAM). (biomedfrontiers.org)
TAMs are also responsible for inducing endothelium anergy, thus aiding in the maintenance of tumor microenvironment while contributing for a physical barrier / challenge in majority of cancer directed immune / chemotherapies. (biomedfrontiers.org)
In these lines, we assessed the influence of RT5 mice insulinoma microenvironment on the functional polarization of macrophages. (biomedfrontiers.org)
The systemically delivered P 3 AB complex demonstrates favourable responses to the physiological features of the tumour microenvironment (e.g. underdeveloped vasculature and high MMP levels), and effectively inhibits tumour growth and restores local immunosurveillance in vivo, without exerting hepatotoxicity. (edu.hk)
Previously we found that mitotic factors regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition, but how these factors convert to metastatic players in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Various macrophages found in TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT. (bvsalud.org)
Welcome to the 5 th mini symposium in the Tumor immunology, Tumor microenvironment (TME) & metastasis LUCC network . (lu.se)

TAMs affect most aspects of tumor cell biology and drive pathological phenomena including tumor cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Macrophages, as one of the most abundant tumor-infiltrating cells, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. (springer.com)
The frequency and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlate with disease progression, tumor metastasis, and resistance to various treatments. (springer.com)
Tumor-promoting functions of macrophages include angiogenesis, metastasis formation, and suppression of Th1-type immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
These tissues harbour the highest number of tumour-associated macrophages, whose therapeutic ablation in experimental models reduced metastasis, and decreased collagen crosslinks and stromal stiffening. (escholarship.org)
TAMs secrete biologically active molecules that promote tumor growth and metastasis[ 1 ]. (bmj.com)
Recent findings in our lab and by others indicate that CB 2 agonists significantly reduce tumor burden and metastasis in several models. (bmj.com)
These immune cells interact with tumor cells to influence the initiation, growth, and metastasis of tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Dong, H. Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages (Tams) Reprogramming for Cancer Metastasis Therapy. (ommegaonline.org)
Thus they are emerging as novel targets for tumor metastasis therapy. (ommegaonline.org)
In this review article, we describe how TAMs regulate tumor angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and then discuss the potential of applying TAMs-targeting treatment as a promising therapeutic strategy for metastatic cancer. (ommegaonline.org)
Limited success has been made in the treatment of metastasis owing to its systemic nature and the resistance of disseminated tumor cells to existing therapeutic agents. (ommegaonline.org)
On the basis of evidence from a growing body of research indicating tumor associated macrophages are crucial to cancer metastasis, we summarized the information that is currently at hand and discus the potential therapeutic strategies used to suppress metastatic process, our review highlights the combination therapeutic options to treat cancer metastasis. (ommegaonline.org)
Tumor metastasis usually goes through a series of sequential and interrelated steps that can be conceptualized as the invasion-metastasis cascade. (ommegaonline.org)
Tumor Micro Environment (TME) is intimately involved in all essential steps of the metastasis process through interacting with the tumor. (ommegaonline.org)
Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)
Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, occurs at different stages during embryonic development, physiological processes such as wound healing and reproduction, and numerous diseases, including inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
This suggested that EPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and that such cells are incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis including ischemia, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis in adult organisms [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
In vivo, AS1517499 significantly attenuated tumor growth and early liver metastasis in an orthotopic 4T1 mammary carcinoma mouse model. (utwente.nl)
They promote tumour growth and metastasis and confer resistance to apoptosis, immune attack and therapy on cancer cells. (crct-inserm.fr)
The progression of OSCC is influenced by macrophage -mediated immunosuppression , which contributes to both local invasion and distant metastasis . (bvsalud.org)
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cell population of majority of solid and hypoxic tumor micro environment, termed as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) which, by their capacity to produce plethora of cytokines, growth factors support tumor growth, angiogenesis, and their metastasis and invasion. (biomedfrontiers.org)

Macrophages are known to originate from bone marrow-derived blood monocytes (monocyte-derived macrophages) or yolk sac progenitors (tissue-resident macrophages), but the exact origin of TAMs in human tumors remains to be elucidated. (wikipedia.org)
Although there is some debate, most evidence suggests that TAMs have a tumor-promoting phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
One of the primary tumor-promoting mechanisms of TAMs is the secretion of potent pro-angiogenic factors. (wikipedia.org)
The most highly expressed and well-characterized angiogenic factor produced by TAMs is vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). TAMs accumulate in hypoxic regions of the tumor, which induces the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1) that regulate VEGF expression. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to producing VEGF-A, TAMs have been shown to modulate VEGF-A concentration through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity and by producing WNT7B that induces endothelial cells to produce VEGF-A. In addition to VEGF-A, TAMs secrete the pro-angiogenic factors tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), basic fibroblast growth factor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, adrenomedullin, and semaphorin 4D. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, cytokines produced by TAMs induce tumor cells to produce pro-angiogenic factors, thereby working cooperatively to turn on the angiogenic switch. (wikipedia.org)
A class of TAMs expressing Tie2 have been shown to induce tumor angiogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor lymphangiogenesis is closely related to tumor angiogenesis, and there is substantial evidence that factors produced by TAMs, especially those of the VEGF family and their receptor tyrosine kinases, are responsible for this link. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, the crosstalk between M-MDSCs and other macrophages enhance the protumor activities of TAMs. (wikipedia.org)
One of the major functions of TAMs is suppressing the T-cell mediated anti-tumor immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Strategies to repolarize TAMs, deplete TAMs, and block inhibitory signaling hold great potential in tumor therapy. (springer.com)
Yang QY, Guo NN, Zhou Y, Chen JJ, Wei QC, Han M. The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor progression and relevant advance in targeted therapy. (springer.com)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) influence lung tumor development by inducing immunosuppression. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Transcriptome analysis of TAMs isolated from human lung tumor tissues revealed an up-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Pharmacological and macrophage-specific genetic ablation of β-catenin reprogrammed M2-like TAMs to M1-like TAMs both in vitro and in various in vivo models, which was linked with the suppression of primary and metastatic lung tumor growth. (uni-frankfurt.de)
In human breast cancers, tumor infiltration by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with multiple markers of poor prognosis: higher tumor macrophage counts are associated with higher tumor grade, higher tumor vascular density, and reduced overall survival[ 1 ]. (bmj.com)
Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that macrophage ablation retards tumor progression[ 3 ], suggesting that TAMs may be a viable target for eliciting an anti-tumor response. (bmj.com)
With the introduction of concept that macrophages differentiate into a classically or alternatively activated phenotype, the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is now beginning to be elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
TAMs act as "protumoral macrophages", contributing to disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
As the relationship between TAMs and malignant tumors becomes clearer, TAMs are beginning to be seen as potential therapeutic targets in these cases. (biomedcentral.com)
There are strong evidences of tumor promotion by TAMs in different cancer models, and an increased TAM prevalence correlates with low survival rates in many human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
With the unraveling of the relationship between TAMs and malignant tumors, TAMs are now being recognized as potential therapeutic targets for cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
One strategy for targeting TAMs is to block monocyte recruitment into tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Because targeting monocytes, prior to being recruited to tumors, has been effective in various cancer models and partial clinical trials, TAMs can be directly targeted as well by other approaches once they invade tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical cancer immunotherapies are usually impeded by tumor immunosuppression driven by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). (thno.org)
Here, the underlying mechanisms of tumor immunosuppression caused by TAMs are first emphatically elucidated, and then the basic design of TAMs-focused immune-nanomedicines are discussed, mainly including diverse categories of nanomaterials, targeted and stimulus-responsive modifications, and TAM imaging in nanomedicines. (thno.org)
Of note, the TME is rich in immunosuppressive cells (e.g., tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), immature dendritic cells (iDCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)), that can suppress antitumor immunity as a result of secretion of various cytokines and chemokines, which enables tumor escape from immune surveillance [ 8 ]. (thno.org)
Among most immunosuppressive cells, TAMs, as crucial drivers of immunosuppressive TME, account for the largest proportion of immune cells in the TME (approximately 50% of tumor mass) [ 9 , 10 ], which possess highly heterogeneity and play a complex regulatory role in tumor immunity and immunotherapy due to helping tumor evade immune surveillance [ 11 ]. (thno.org)
Moreover, TAMs usually display M2-like phenotypes that exert tumor-promoting role in TME, and promote production of related immunosuppressive factors that trigger immunotherapy resistance, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and soluble signaling mediators [ 12 ]. (thno.org)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may elicit contrasting effects on tumor growth, depending on their biological activities. (unifi.it)
Thus, iNOS/arginase balance in TAMs may be crucial in tumor progression. (unifi.it)
The aim of this study was (a) to explore iNOS and arginase expression in TAMs associated with human melanoma at different stages of tumor progression and (b) to explore whether melanoma cells influence iNOS and/or arginase expression in TAMs under basal condition and in the presence of interferon γ and/or lipopolysaccharide. (unifi.it)
In conclusion, our in vivo and in vitro results suggest that, mainly in early melanoma lesions, iNOS prevails over arginase in TAMs, a phenomenon possibly stimulated by contact with tumor cells. (unifi.it)
Glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB), a remarkable molecule preferentially expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), was significantly highly expressed in the OSCC tissue . (bvsalud.org)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor progression and inhibit anti-tumor immune response by producing various mediators and preferentially express CD163, CD204, and CD206. (elsevierpure.com)
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play pivotal roles in promoting cancer progression. (edu.hk)
and the 'core' (AB) is a bisphosphonate-glucomannan conjugate that has affinity for macrophage mannose receptors and selectively eliminates TAMs. (edu.hk)
This invasive form of p -FoxM1 upregulates the expression of IL1A/1B, VEGFA, and IL6 by direct activation, recruiting monocytes and promoting the polarization of M2d-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). (biomedcentral.com)
In a number of human malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are closely involved in tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
However, there have been very few reports on the distribution profiles of TAMs and DCs in thymic epithelial tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
We examined 69 samples of surgically resected thymic epithelial tumors, namely, 16 thymic carcinomas and 53 thymomas, in which we immunohistochemically evaluated the presence of TAMs using CD68 and CD163 as markers and DCs using S100 as the marker in tumor tissue samples in comparison with normal thymic tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophages that infiltrate tumor tissues are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and are closely involved in tumor progression by inducing angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and invasion [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we immunohistochemically examined tumor tissue samples to characterize TAMs and DCs in thymoma and thymic carcinoma by comparing them with those in normal thymic tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are dynamic cells displaying a spectrum of states and phenotypes ranging from antitumor/immunostimulating (often termed M1-like) to protumor/immunosuppressive (also known as M2-like). (lu.se)
Previous research has demonstrated that TAMs located in close proximity to tumor vessels (perivascular TAMs) promote vessel abnormalization and facilitate metastatic dissemination. (lu.se)
Moreover, pro-tumor TAMs contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) that target tumor cells. (lu.se)
Over the years, Rolny and colleagues have demonstrated that reprogramming the pro-tumor phenotype of TAMs into an anti-tumor Page 2(3) phenotype represents a promising anti-cancer strategy. (lu.se)
We have now identified a unique pathway that regulates the pro-tumor functions of TAMs, offering potential for the development of novel anti-cancer targets. (lu.se)

In contrast, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which are predominantly present in tumors, potentiate tumor progression and immune escape. (springer.com)
Herein, we introduce the role of macrophages in tumor progression, summarize the recent advances in macrophage-centered anticancer therapy, and discuss their challenges as well as future applications. (springer.com)
Macrophages are emerging as major cellular factors in the tumor ecosystem that can influence the stem phenotype and cancer progression. (nature.com)
Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Regulation of WNT5A Expression in Malignant Melanoma: Role in Tumor Progression. (lu.se)

CSCs display the slow-migratory, invadopod-rich phenotype that is the hallmark of disseminating tumor cells. (nature.com)
Furthermore, macrophages were shown to contribute to a niche that can support and maintain a breast CSC (BCSC) phenotype through heterotypic CD90/EphA4 signaling between macrophage and tumor cell 14 . (nature.com)
Here, we show that successful treatment of cervical carcinoma in mouse models with synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines induced influx of cytokine-producing CD8 T cells that strongly altered the numbers and phenotype of intratumoral macrophages. (aacrjournals.org)
These protumoral macrophages display an M2 phenotype induced by IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines. (utwente.nl)
In vitro inhibition of the Stat6 pathway by using small interfering RNA or the pharmacologic inhibitor, AS1517499, inhibited the differentiation of mouse RAW264.7 macrophages into the M2 phenotype, as demonstrated by the reduction of Arg-1 (arginase-1) and Mrc-1 (mannose receptor 1) expression and arginase activity. (utwente.nl)
It did not cause depletion of CLL and showed only a minor effect on the phenotype of these cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in vitro. (crct-inserm.fr)
The results showed that lactic acid induced macrophage polarization towards an M2-like phenotype and orchestrated GPNMB secretion from macrophages . (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, we detected an accumulating monocyte-derived macrophage population (CD45+F4/80+CD11b hi Ly6C low ) that displayed a M2 macrophage phenotype with high expression of CD206, arginase-1, and IL-6, supporting the notion that IL-6 could be involved in M2 differentiation. (edu.au)
Therefore functional retuning of TAM to an M1 phenotype is paramount for effective immunotherapy against established tumors which could be afforded by systemic application of low dose gamma irradiation in neo adjuvant setting of late-stage human insulinoma (Pan-NET) bearing Rip1-Tag5 mice. (biomedfrontiers.org)
On the basis of these observations, we hypothesized that systemic irradiation of tumor bearing mice with LDI would be paramount for global retuning of M2 phenotype towards regulatory phenotype. (biomedfrontiers.org)

These strategies will expand the toolkit for treating tumors, especially for solid tumors, drug-resistant tumors, and metastatic tumors. (springer.com)
Solid tumors pose significant challenges for immunotherapies including those employing phagocytic macrophages as effector cells. (aiche.org)
Thus, our in vitro and in vivo models utilizing gene-edited cells, monoclonal antibodies for opsonization and checkpoint blockade, and cell therapy begin to define the parameters required for successful immunotherapy of solid tumors including (i) macrophage density, (ii) inhibitory checkpoint disruption, and (iii) IgG-opsonization. (aiche.org)
A phase 1, first-in-human study is evaluating the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophage therapy, CT-0508 (Carisma Therapeutics) in solid tumors with HER2 overexpression. (cgtlive.com)
CGTLive spoke with Abdou to learn more about CT-0508 and how CAR macrophage therapies address the challenges of traditional CAR T-therapies in solid tumors. (cgtlive.com)
She discussed the progress of the first-in-human, phase 1 study in HER2+ solid tumors. (cgtlive.com)
A phase 1, first in human (FIH) study of adenovirally transduced autologous macrophages engineered to contain an anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in subjects with HER2 overexpressing solid tumors. (cgtlive.com)

In differentiated human THP-1 macrophages and human and mouse alveolar macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other Toll-like receptor ligands, hypercapnia inhibited expression of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent cytokines critical for antimicrobial host defense. (northwestern.edu)
Elevated P CO2 also decreased phagocytosis of opsonized polystyrene beads and heat-killed bacteria in THP-1 and human alveolar macrophages. (northwestern.edu)
Normal alveolar macrophages, in both the presence and absence of ST2 cells similarly produced only surface resorption. (ox.ac.uk)
Treatment of human alveolar macrophages (AMs) with the synthetic GC dexamethasone (Dex) did not alter the expression of TLRs −1, −4, and −6. (frontiersin.org)
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the tissue-resident macrophages in the lung alveolar space. (frontiersin.org)
Alveolar macrophages recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from untreated male CD/VAF-rats were incubated with samples of fume generated during flux covered manual metal arc welding using stainless steel electrodes (MMA/SS) or gas metal arc welding using mild steel electrodes (GMA/SS) suspended in saline for 30 minutes or 24 hours (hr). (cdc.gov)
however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP. (cdc.gov)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) potently enhances in vitro macrophage production from primitive murine hematopoietic progenitor cells in combination with stem cell factor and interleukin-7: novel stimulatory role of p55 TNF receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a bifunctional regulator of hematopoiesis, and its cellular responses are mediated by two distinct cell surface receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
However, LPMCs from patients with Crohn's disease spontaneously secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and induced epithelial changes similar to those produced by LPS-activated PBMs. (nih.gov)
Co-culture with control Escherichia coli and PBMs induced comparable changes in epithelial physiology, which were abrogated by anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody. (nih.gov)
Responses to welding fumes: lung injury, inflammation, and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta. (cdc.gov)
The effects on lavagate cellularity, albumin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), and interleukin-1beta (IL1b) concentrations, and lactate- dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta-n-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were determined. (cdc.gov)

Originating either from monocytes that come from bone marrow, or tissue-resident macrophages that arise during embryonic development, they can repress antitumor immunity by secreting cytokines such as IL-10, which blocks dendritic cell activation, and TGF-β, which blunts T-cell responses (1). (the-scientist.com)
Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our study examined if nonpathogenic bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can affect epithelial function in the presence of monocytes/macrophages. (nih.gov)

abstract = " Tumor hypoxia and aerobic glycolysis are well-known resistance factors for anticancer therapies. (ewha.ac.kr)

Tumor angiogenesis is the process by which a tumor forms new blood vessels in order to maintain a supply of nutrients and oxygen and to grow beyond a few millimeters in size. (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we discuss the role of myeloid cells in promoting tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
These observations stimulated an intensive search for the mechanisms regulating tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)

Abundant macrophage infiltration of solid cancers commonly correlates with poor prognosis. (aacrjournals.org)

Strikingly, complete regressions of large established tumors depended on the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that were induced by this immunotherapy, because a small-molecule drug inhibitor targeting CSF-1R diminished the number of intratumoral macrophages and abrogated the complete remissions. (aacrjournals.org)
Immune-inflamed tumors are called hot tumors, while the latter two are collectively referred to as cold tumors, and they respond poorly to immunotherapy. (nature.com)
Wei X, Wang J, Liang M, Song M. Development of functional nanomedicines for tumor associated macrophages-focused cancer immunotherapy. (thno.org)
Immunotherapy is currently considered as a promising next-generation therapeutic strategy for various cancers thanks to its ability to modulate cell-specific immune responses toward tumors [ 1 ], which has gradually remodeled the landscape of clinical anticancer modality [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
These data suggest that TAM can significantly alter tumor metabolism, further complicating tumor response to anticancer therapies, including immunotherapy. (ewha.ac.kr)
As a new feather in the traditional radiation therapy, we have previously shown the therapeutic impact of low doses of gamma irradiation (LDI) on peritumoral macrophages as a potential non-invasive approach to improve cancer immunotherapy by enhancing tumor directed T-cell infiltration and subsequent tumor rejection (Klug and Prakash et al 2013). (biomedfrontiers.org)

Macrophage heterogeneity in tissues: phenotypic diversity and functions. (springer.com)
Micropipette aspiration rheology of cell clusters and freshly isolated mouse tumors revealed viscoelasticity and cell cohesion in both tissues. (aiche.org)
The fact that various immune cells, including macrophages, can be found in tumor tissues has long been known. (biomedcentral.com)
Most of them generally follow the same pathway to make immune-activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) abundantly infiltrate into tumor tissues and destroy tumor cells [ 6 ]. (thno.org)
Macrophages are widely dispersed throughout all tissues in health and disease. (ox.ac.uk)
On the other hand, dendritic cells (DCs) that infiltrate tumor tissues are involved in tumor suppression. (biomedcentral.com)

these factors limit T-cell proliferation and upregulate expansion of regulatory T cells, allowing tumor cells to evade immune responses. (wikipedia.org)

Besides, biomimetic carriers based on macrophages have been extensively explored to prolong circulation, enhance tumor-targeted delivery, and reduce the immunogenicity of therapeutics to augment therapeutic efficacy. (springer.com)
Komohara Y, Fujiwara Y, Ohnishi K, Takeya M. Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapy. (springer.com)
Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects in cancer. (springer.com)
Role of novel tumor suppressors in colon cancer : Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. (lu.se)

In summary, our data show that sTLR2 and full-length TLR2 are released by macrophages under anti-inflammatory conditions, which may contribute to GC-induced immunosuppression. (frontiersin.org)

Solinas G, Germano G, Mantovani A, Allavena P. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) as major players of the cancer-related inflammation. (springer.com)
The findings link tissue inflammation, stromal cell-mediated collagen crosslinking and stiffening to tumour aggression and identify lysyl hydroxylase 2 as a stromal biomarker. (escholarship.org)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells, such as macrophages, to recognize a wide variety of microbial ligands, thereby promoting inflammation. (frontiersin.org)

In low-oxygen regions of a solid tumor, mononuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) quickly turn into tumor-associated macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages hold the potential to engulf tumor cells. (springer.com)
The immune cells play various roles in the tumor-some that assist cancer's spread, and others that hinder it. (the-scientist.com)
At the same time, Tie2 + macrophages come together with cancer cells and blood vessel endothelial cells to form complexes, called tumor. (the-scientist.com)
Macrophages are also experts at phagocytosing and degrading foreign cells, including cancer cells (2). (the-scientist.com)
60% of circulating tumor cells. (nature.com)
Mechanistically, stemness is induced in non-stem cancer cells upon their direct contact with macrophages via Notch-Jagged signaling. (nature.com)
In mammary gland development, Notch-dependent heterotypic signaling between resident tissue macrophages and mammary stem cells supports survival and function of the normal mammary stem cell 20 . (nature.com)
Macrophages and giant cells composed of macrophages are abundant in many neoplasms, but it is unknown whether they can phagocytose target cancer cells that adhere to one another or whether phagocytosis can outcompete proliferation. (aiche.org)
We show that macrophages can eliminate melanoma cells in vitro from rapidly proliferating clusters formed on non-adhesive materials. (aiche.org)
These changes of the intratumoral myeloid composition coincided with macrophage recruitment by chemokines, including CCL2 and CCL5, and were completely dependent on a vaccine-induced influx of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Incubation of tumor cells with T cell-derived IFNγ and TNFα recapitulated the chemokine profile observed in vivo , confirming the capacity of antitumor CD8 T cells to mediate macrophage infiltration of tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
However, the role of recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, including TAM, as potential cross-presenting cells is not well understood. (jci.org)
Although the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of cannabinoids is mimicked in continuously cultured cancer cells in vitro , cannabinoid potency for direct elicitation of apoptosis in cancer cells is far lower, indicating that other mechanisms (perhaps other cell types within the tumor) are involved in vivo . (bmj.com)
In addition, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) produced by irradiated tumor cells can be captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the TME and presented to T cells. (nature.com)
Treatment with systemic CD11b-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies has been shown to prevent the recruitment of myeloid cells to tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been shown that the use of Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) antibodies leads to an improved response to radiation therapy in squamous cell carcinoma xenografts of mice, which is accompanied by reduced infiltration of myeloid cells expressing matrix metallopeptidase-9 and S100A8 inside tumors [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In general, TME mainly consists of genetically heterogeneous cancer cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs), and different populations of immune cells [2] , establishing a complex cross-talk with tumor via producing growth factors, chemokines and matrix-degrading enzymes. (ommegaonline.org)
The innate immune system is mainly composed of myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Re-activating cytotoxic T cells after they have been disarmed by tumors has revolutionized cancer treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
Multiplexed immunofluorescent imaging will map cell interaction partners of F4/80+ macrophages, and identify components of the extracellular matrix that interact with these cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Brain tumors contain huge amounts of tumor-promoting macrophages, but these can be drug-modulated to kill tumor cells. (lu.se)
TAM depletion led to a significant increase in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in aerobic cancer cells as well as T-cell infiltration in tumors, resulting in antitumor efficacy by PD-L1 antibodies, which were otherwise completely ineffective. (ewha.ac.kr)
Another advantage of macrophages is that they're circulating cells and they migrate out of the blood within hours after the infusion. (cgtlive.com)
Moreover, by the use of an in vitro experimental protocol represented by B16 murine melanoma cells cocultivated with inflammatory macrophages, we found that melanoma cells stimulate iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages. (unifi.it)
However, macrophages stimulated by murine melanoma cells secreted a level of NO compatible with an antitumor activity only in the presence of interferon γ. (unifi.it)
Herein, it is of great necessity to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between OSCC cells and macrophages , as it remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Silencing of CD44 could attenuate the tumor -promoting effects of GPNMB in OSCC cells . (bvsalud.org)
Right here we survey the versican Sixth is v1 made from growth cells enhances hCAP18/LL-37 reflection in PF-3845 macrophages through the account activation of TLR2 and following supplement D-dependent systems. (gasyblog.com)
Adherent cells had been cultured in 20 ml DMEM (10% FCS) supplemented with 50 ng/ml macrophage nest arousing aspect (M-CSF) (eBioscience, San Diego, California, USA) for 7 times to enable difference to macrophages. (gasyblog.com)
CD163 + cells were detected diffusely all over the tumor and connective tissue area, while CD204 + and CD206 + cells were mainly detected in/around the tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
In in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that IL-6 upregulated M-CSF receptor expression and skewed monocyte differentiation from dendritic cells to macrophages. (edu.au)
Aldicarb suppresses macrophage but not natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells. (musc.edu)
We interrogated the composition of BrM niches, molecularly defined the blood-tumor interface, and revealed stromal immunosuppressive states enriched with infiltrated T cells and macrophages. (lu.se)
Specific single-cell interrogation of metastatic tumor cells provides a framework of 8. (lu.se)
Specific single-cell interrogation of metastatic tumor cells provides a framework of 8 functional cell programs that coexist or anticorrelate. (lu.se)
They may interact with tumor cells to influence growth and NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES. (bvsalud.org)
On electron microscopic examination, the spindle cells of desmoid tumors appear to be myofibroblasts. (medscape.com)
The tumors are composed of abundant collagen surrounding poorly circumscribed bundles of spindle cells. (medscape.com)
Macrophages, giant cells, and lymphocytes are present peripherally. (medscape.com)
Bland fibrocytic cells of a desmoid tumor growing in a haphazard-to-storiform manner and producing collagen (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification X100). (medscape.com)
Desmoid tumor spindle cells invading skeletal muscle (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification X100). (medscape.com)
Aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumor) is derived from mesenchymal progenitor cells. (medscape.com)
Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene products in tumour cells of Hodgkin's disease. (medscape.com)
Crosstalk between colorectal cancer cells and tumour-associated macrophages. (lu.se)

Recently it has been shown that vaccination with a mouse CMV (MCMV) vector expressing the melanoma-specific antigen TRP2 (MCMV-TRP2) protects mice against outgrowth of TRP2-positive B16 melanoma tumors, and this protection was dependent on the induction of IgG antibodies. (oncotarget.com)
The presence of cross-presenting CD206+ TAM is associated with reduced tumor burden in mouse syngeneic tumor models and with improved overall survival in cutaneous melanoma patients. (jci.org)
Arginine metabolism in tumor-associated macrophages in cutaneous malignant melanoma: evidence from human and experimental tumors. (unifi.it)
Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. (mdpi.com)
Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor and the second most common type of primary malignant melanoma in the body. (medscape.com)

Monocyte and macrophage plasticity in tissue repair and regeneration. (springer.com)
Targeting the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) - chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR2) axis is promising due to its important role in monocyte recruitment in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Era of individual peripheral bloodstream monocyte-derived macrophages Institutional acceptance from the PF-3845 regional analysis moral committees (Internal Review and the Values Planks of the Tongji Medical center, Tongji School) was attained preceding to performing the research. (gasyblog.com)
Individual peripheral bloodstream monocyte-derived macrophages had been generated as described [28] previously. (gasyblog.com)

Stein M, Keshav S, Harris N, Gordon S. Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation. (springer.com)

Here, we employ high-resolution intravital microscopy using a CSC biosensor to directly observe CSCs in live mice with mammary tumors. (nature.com)
Anti-tumor IgG administered intravenously to mice eliminated a fraction of CD47 knockout tumors in vivo but had no effect on wild-type tumors. (aiche.org)
A major breakthrough in our understanding of its immunological function derived from studies using F4/80 knockout mice, which revealed this molecule to be dispensible for macrophage development, but responsible for peripheral tolerance. (ox.ac.uk)
Adhesion of macrophage cell lines from wild type and F4/80 knockout mice to purified matrix molecules, and complex 3D matrices, will be assessed, and binding sites mapped and downstream signalling examined. (ox.ac.uk)
total macrophages) and M2 macrophage markers [Ym-1 (chitinase 3-like protein 3) and Mrc-1] and metastatic niche markers [Mmp-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2), Postn (periostin), and Cd34] in mice with increasing growth of primary tumors. (utwente.nl)
We have shown that MB and other human brain tumors express high levels of CD24, and intratumoral delivery of AF16 cured mice with gliomas, possibly via macrophage modulation. (lu.se)
Here, we demonstrate that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) enhance tumor hypoxia and aerobic glycolysis in mice subcutaneous tumors and in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (ewha.ac.kr)
Tumour infiltrating macrophages (TIMs) isolated from primary mammary carcinomas of C3H/Avy mice were cultured on bone slices to assess their ability to resorb bone. (ox.ac.uk)
The absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) causes lethal infection by Leishmania major in normally resistant C57BL/6J (B6.WT) mice. (edu.au)

4 According to the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumors can be divided into three phenotypes: immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert types. (nature.com)

Low dose radiation resulted in profound induction of M1-associated effecter cytokines, enhanced tumor infiltration of M1 and concomitant reduction of M2 macrophages in irradiated insulinoma tumors. (biomedfrontiers.org)

By investigating compound FcγR-deficient mouse strains and by using immune cell type-specific cell ablation we show that the IgG antibody-mediated tumor protection elicited by MCMV-TRP2 mainly depends on FcγRI expression on macrophages, whereas FcγRIV plays only a modest role. (oncotarget.com)

Lactic acid-induced M2-like macrophages facilitate tumor cell migration and invasion via the GPNMB/CD44 axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, paracrine GPNMB played a critical role in triggering tumor -promoting activities such as facilitating tumor cell migration , invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (bvsalud.org)
Moreover it is PF-3845 this string of cellular signaling events that promotes ovarian tumor cell invasion and growth. (gasyblog.com)

Although the effects of NO are primarily cytotoxic, production of ornithine may promote tumor cell proliferation. (unifi.it)

CSCs have an enhanced ability to self-renew, which makes them uniquely capable of initiating and sustaining primary and metastatic tumor growth 3 . (nature.com)
Aggregation of phagocytic macrophages within clusters and the nonlinear dependence of the cluster growth rate on macrophage number suggest that macrophages may exhibit cooperativity in engulfing solid tumor targets, which resembles the foreign body response to biomaterials in some ways. (aiche.org)
Tumor-associated macrophages possess been shown to promote tumor growth. (gasyblog.com)
In overview, we possess discovered that versican Sixth is v1 enhances hCAP18/LL-37 reflection in macrophages through account activation of TLR2 and following supplement D-dependent systems which promote ovarian growth development showed TLR2 account activation in individual macrophages up-regulated reflection of VDR and Cyp27B1 genetics. (gasyblog.com)
Macrophages, by their virtue of functional plasticity, can both control or promote tumor growth. (biomedfrontiers.org)

On the basis of the expression of CD11b, CD11c, F4/80, Ly6C, Ly6G, and MHC II, we identified four myeloid subpopulations that increased in numbers from 2.0-fold to 8.7-fold in regressing tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
In many solid cancers, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent the predominant myeloid cell population. (jci.org)
We show that CD11b+CD206+ TAM represent the dominant tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell population, expressing a unique cell surface repertoire, promoting Ag cross-presentation and Ag-specific CD8+ T cell activation comparable with cross-presenting CLEC9A+ DCs (cDC1). (jci.org)

Antigen (Ag) cross-presentation leading to tumor Ag-directed cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses is crucial for antitumor immunity. (jci.org)

Stromal stiffening accompanies malignancy, compromises treatment and promotes tumour aggression. (escholarship.org)

1. Translational Immunology Division, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) and National Centre of Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im-Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, 2. (biomedfrontiers.org)

Thus, tumor-specific antibody therapy might benefit from combination therapy that recruits FcγRI-expressing pro-inflammatory macrophages to the tumor micro-environment. (oncotarget.com)
Macrophage expression of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB 2 ) is induced by inflammatory stimuli and regulates multiple functions including chemotaxis and antigen presentation[ 4 ]. (bmj.com)
Therefore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines they released are not causing sustained elevation of cytokines in the blood and we don't see severe cytokine release syndrome with our macrophage therapy. (cgtlive.com)
Therefore, our results support the notion of a general role of TNF in the inflammatory activation of macrophages and define a new role of IL-6 signaling in macrophage polarization downstream of TNF. (edu.au)
Collectively, these programs delineate two functional BrM archetypes, one proliferative and the other inflammatory, that are evidently shaped through tumor-immune interactions. (lu.se)

Tissue resident and recruited macrophages also express adhesion molecules such as F4/80, a widely used biomarker and the founder member of a family of transmembrane G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). (ox.ac.uk)

Macrophages play a key role in dictating whether the immune response will attack, or shield, tumors. (ox.ac.uk)

Furthermore, TNF interfered with the activation of IL-6-induced gp130-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and IL-4-STAT6 signaling, thereby abrogating IL-6-facilitated M2 macrophage polarization. (edu.au)

To confirm the presence of cross-presenting TAM in vivo, we performed phenotypic and functional analysis of TAM from B16-F10 and CT26 syngeneic tumor models and have identified CD11b+F4/80hiCD206+ TAM to effectively cross-present TAA. (jci.org)
This project will explore the role of F4/80 in tumour-host interactions in vivo and identify cellular and extracellular binding partners of this adhesion GPCR. (ox.ac.uk)

Moreover, the genetic engineering of macrophages with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) allows them to recognize tumor antigens and perform tumor cell-specific phagocytosis. (springer.com)

Anti-Tumor Effects of CysLT2R in Epithelial Cancer. (lu.se)

CAFs are the dominant cell type in the tumor stroma, which exhibits mesenchymal-like features and are likely mesoderm-derived. (ommegaonline.org)

Macrophages are major players for both host defence as well as maintaining tissue homeostasis. (biomedfrontiers.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms9

Diseases44

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Microenvironment30

Metastasis23

TAMs48

Progression5

Phenotype10

Solid tumors7

Alveolar7

Necrosis factor-alpha6

Monocytes3

Abstract1

Angiogenesis3

Poor prognosis1

Immunotherapy6

Tissues6

Allowing tumor cells1

Therapeutic4

Immunosuppression1

Inflammation3

Cells47

Melanoma5

Monocyte4

Murine1

Mice9

Lymphocytes1

Infiltration1

Ablation1

Invasion3

Proliferation1

Growth5

Myeloid3

Antitumor1

Malignancy1

Immunology1

Inflammatory5

Receptors1

Immune response1

Polarization1

Vivo2

Chimeric antigen receptor1

Cancer1

Stroma1

Tissue1