AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy, AdoptiveT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicCancer VaccinesImmunotherapy, ActiveAntigens, NeoplasmDesensitization, ImmunologicNeoplasmsCytotoxicity, ImmunologicDendritic CellsNeoplasms, ExperimentalMelanoma, ExperimentalCell Line, TumorMice, Inbred C57BLT-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesTumor EscapeHLA-A2 AntigenLymphocyte ActivationMice, Inbred BALB CAntibodies, MonoclonalHLA-A AntigensMelanomaLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingInterleukin-2Antigen PresentationEpitopes, T-LymphocyteNeoplasm TransplantationAdministration, SublingualMice, TransgenicNeoplasm ProteinsKiller Cells, NaturalSublingual ImmunotherapyInterferon-gammaFlow CytometryTumor Cells, CulturedAdjuvants, ImmunologicCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesRhinitis, Allergic, SeasonalTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTumor Markers, BiologicalTumor BurdenGenetic VectorsOvalbuminGenetic TherapyAdoptive TransferAntigens, CD80CytokinesAllergensT-Lymphocyte SubsetsAntigen-Presenting CellsCells, CulturedPeptidesHistocompatibility Antigens Class IImmunization, PassiveTumor MicroenvironmentKidney NeoplasmsCombined Modality TherapyBrain NeoplasmsAntineoplastic AgentsCytotoxicity Tests, ImmunologicNeoplasm MetastasisBee VenomsCell ProliferationHLA-A24 AntigenImmunoglobulin EFibrosarcomaSarcoma, ExperimentalPollenBCG VaccineSkin NeoplasmsTreatment OutcomeCarcinoma, Renal CellMice, SCIDWilms TumorEpitopesMelanoma-Specific AntigensCytokine-Induced Killer CellsPore Forming Cytotoxic ProteinsCell LineAntigens, PlantCell SurvivalAntibodies, NeoplasmTumor Suppressor Protein p53Mammary Neoplasms, ExperimentalAlzheimer VaccinesHypersensitivityDisease Models, AnimalClinical Trials as TopicTime FactorsGenes, Tumor SuppressorT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryAdenocarcinomaColonic NeoplasmsImmunity, CellularRhinitis, Allergic, PerennialInsect Bites and StingsXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysKiller Cells, Lymphokine-Activatedgp100 Melanoma Antigen
LymphocytesAntigensMicroenvironmentSolid tumorsChemotherapyCTLsMelanomaImmunologyCytokinesEffector cellsCellsTherapiesInhibitorsType of immunotherapyImmunityAntitumorCancerTherapeuticVivoCancersAntigen-pulsedImmunosuppressionAnti-tumor immuneRole in tumorClinicalReceptorsCellular therapyImmunosuppressive factorsMultiple tumorInducesChimericMoleculesTissuesGenesGraftEfficacyTransferPrognosisNeurotoxicity
Lymphocytes20
  • Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) are cytotoxic T-cells that are found in tumors. (shu.edu)
  • 4 According to the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumors can be divided into three phenotypes: immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert types. (nature.com)
  • The clinical trial is the first to use products consisting of autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes that target tumor antigens using Immatics' target warehouse, according to a press release. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Immunotherapy has become a cornerstone in cancer therapy that includes a broad array of strategies aiming to unleash, direct and boost the patients' own immune sy stem through adoptive transfer of expanded naturally circulating or genetically engineered cytotoxic lymphocytes. (ous-research.no)
  • The overarching goal of the proposed strategic research area: Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy (STRAT-CELL) is to fast-track the clinical implementation of new strategies for gene-editing of cytotoxic lymphocytes. (ous-research.no)
  • The first effector cells that gained notoriety in adoptive immunotherapy were autologous lymphocytes activated by IL-2, i.e., lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of B lymphocytes is near universal in humans and stimulates high levels of EBV-specific helper and cytotoxic T cells, which persist indefinitely. (nih.gov)
  • a Specimen with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (springeropen.com)
  • Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
  • Breast tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are enriched in tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and may represent a superior source of CTL compare to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), for adoptive T cell immunotherapy of breast cancer. (utmb.edu)
  • The resulting T lymphocytes can be primed against lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells to generate tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. (freedomfromcancerchallenge.org)
  • Four different TCRs of HLA-A * 24:02-restricted Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1)-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were transduced into 2D3 cells and the functional avidities of these four TCRs were evaluated. (oncotarget.com)
  • Adoptive immunotherapy using tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and/or CD4 + helper T (Th) cells can induce the regression of large established tumor in not only mouse models but also cancer patients [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Most of them generally follow the same pathway to make immune-activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) abundantly infiltrate into tumor tissues and destroy tumor cells [ 6 ]. (thno.org)
  • In vitro large amplification of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and adoptive transfer of these cells is one of the most promising approaches to treat malignant diseases in which an effective immune response is not achieved by active immunization. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Adoptive T cell transfer using tumour- infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically modified T cells are under development, but have shown impressive clinical efficacy in several Phase II studies. (emjreviews.com)
  • Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of antigen-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a promising treatment for a variety of malignancies 1 . (psu.edu)
  • T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy against hematological cancer. (upstate.edu)
  • In contrast to other cancers such as adenocarcinomas of the lung or melanoma, primary brain tumors like GB and low grade gliomas (LGG) are known as rather immunologically "cold" tumors, typically with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( 4 ), and the mere amount of TILs is not associated with patient survival ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Lymphocytes that show specificity for autologous tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
Antigens21
  • In addition, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) produced by irradiated tumor cells can be captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the TME and presented to T cells. (nature.com)
  • The ACTolog approach targets tumor-specific antigens to fight cancer. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • As a part of the approach, the antigens were validated as being present in solid tumors through the use of the XPRESIDENT target discovery platform, according to the release. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • It is personalized by measuring the presence of 8 tumor-specific antigens, according to the release. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Entering clinical development with our first adoptive cell therapy program is a significant step for Immatics, and highlights the ability of the XPRESIDENT platform to identify novel and true tumor antigens directly from a patient's tumor," said Harpreet Singh, PhD, chief scientific officer and CEO at Immatics US. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Primary T cells expressing chimeric receptors specific for tumor or viral antigens have considerable therapeutic potential. (nih.gov)
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
  • Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cell receptor (TCR) -engineered T cells is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment and the success in this therapy is dependent on the functional avidity of the transduced TCRs against targeted tumor antigens. (oncotarget.com)
  • These therapies boost the immune system's ability to detect and destroy cancer cells by exposing it to tumor-specific antigens or genetically modified immune cells programmed to recognize cancer. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • This approach involves isolating patient's dendritic cells, loading them with tumor antigens and reinfusing to induce a wider immune reaction. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • Cancer vaccines introduce tumor antigens to the immune system. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • This activates helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells that can now recognize and attack cancer cells containing these antigens. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • Adoptive cell transfer involves engineering patient's own T-cells to create receptors on their surface that recognize specific tumor antigens. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • CTLs can recognize malignant cells by interacting tumor antigens with the T cell receptors (TCR), and release cytotoxins as well as cytokines to kill malignant cells. (psu.edu)
  • Self antigens expressed by solid tumors Do not efficiently stimulate naive or activated T cells: implications for immunotherapy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition, the data suggest that the risk for induction of chronic autoimmune diseases is limited, which may encourage immunotherapy against antigens selectively but not exclusively expressed by the tumor. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Because many T cell-recognized tumor antigens are nonmutated self-proteins, tolerance mechanisms are likely to render high avidity T cells unresponsive or cause T cell elimination by clonal deletion. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • NEX-I002 is designed to generate cytotoxic T cells directed against multiple tumor antigens associated with MM. The Company has completed pre-IND discussions with the FDA, and expects to submit an IND to support this Phase I/II clinical trial in 3Q2019. (themmrf.org)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Others have reported that HLA-G antigens are expressed on tumor infiltrating cells and can be detected in the blood of cancer patients. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Microenvironment11
Solid tumors3
  • The primary objective of the new study is to assess the safety and tolerability of the ACTolog therapy in patients with target-positive solid tumors, according to the release. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Despite the recent clinical breakthroughs, the needs for new therapies targeting resistant cases and other diseases, in particular solid tumors, remains high. (ous-research.no)
  • Solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, graft versus host disease (GvHD), genetic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases are investigated using many types of autologous and allogeneic cells with rapidly evolving cell engineering and editing approaches. (bdbiosciences.com)
Chemotherapy10
  • As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical cancer treatment and an adjuvant treatment before or after surgery. (nature.com)
  • The emergence of immunotherapy has recently disrupted the paradigm of traditional cancer treatment (including the three traditional treatments RT, chemotherapy, and surgery), and immunotherapy functions by activating the body's immune system to fight cancer. (nature.com)
  • Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)
  • Keywords: Melanoma immunotherapy uveitis autoimmunity CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab Launch The prognosis for stage IV metastatic melanoma is normally poor with 5-calendar year survival prices reported between 6-8%.1-2 Chemotherapy radiation and surgical therapy often employed in combination might result in melanoma regression but is normally rarely curative. (sciencepop.org)
  • Three months later, when a recurrence-suspected lesion was detected in segment 5 (S5) of his liver, we started adoptive immunotherapies with cytokine-activated killer (CAK) cell infusions, combined with chemotherapy. (springeropen.com)
  • We report here a rare case of a patient who has currently survived almost 10 years with recurrent GBC with peritoneal dissemination and liver metastases, which has been well controlled by a multidisciplinary approach including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. (springeropen.com)
  • These results may have important implications for the treatment of chemotherapy resistant breast cancer with active or adoptive immunotherapy. (utmb.edu)
  • Clinical use of a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy continues to increase, while the development of immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, offers hope in improving treatment outcome. (hkmj.org)
  • Unlike chemotherapy or radiation which directly attack tumors, immunotherapy helps train the immune cells to recognize markers on cancer cells and boosts their killing capability. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • At first, the development of monoclonal antibodies - targeting overexpressed cell surface molecules on tumour cells - resulted in improved survival when combined with standard chemotherapy or radiotherapy. (emjreviews.com)
CTLs11
  • The development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies for central nervous system (CNS) tumors requires a firm understanding of factors regulating the trafficking of tumor antigen-specific CTLs into CNS tumor lesions. (nih.gov)
  • Using C57BL/6 mice bearing intracranial (i.c.) ovalbumin-transfected melanoma (M05), we evaluated the efficacy and tumor homing of i.v. transferred type 1 or 2 CTLs (Tc1 or Tc2, respectively) prepared from ovalbumin-specific T-cell receptor-transgenic OT-1 mice. (nih.gov)
  • However, generating sufficient numbers of tumor-specific CTLs stimulated with autologous antigen presenting cells (APCs) in vitro is one of the most problematic steps in the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • This "prime and expand" regimen can be an alternative method for large amplification of rare tumor-specific CTLs and aAPCs should be a useful tool for ACT immunotherapy. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • It is known that less-differentiated and central-memory-like (termed highly reactive) CTLs are the optimal population for ACT-based immunotherapy, because these CTLs have a high proliferative potential, are less prone to apoptosis than more differentiated cells and have a higher ability to respond to homeostatic cytokines 2-7 . (psu.edu)
  • Surprisingly, the tumor-specific CTL response was not sustained despite the facts that the tumor cells continued to express MHC class I and LCMV-GP-specific CTLs were present and not tolerized. (ox.ac.uk)
  • There is evidence showing that high avidity CTLs can be more effective than low avidity CTLs for adoptive tumor immunotherapy. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • We recently used the allo-restricted strategy to circumvent immunologic tolerance to a ubiquitously expressed tumor-associated protein, MDM2, and raised high avidity CTLs in humans and in mice. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we investigated whether high avidity MDM2-specific CTLs can mediate tumor protection without causing damage to normal tissues in mice. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Although the CTLs prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice without causing damage to normal tissues, tumor protection was incomplete. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • We show that tumor growth occurred despite the continued presence of MDM2-specific CTLs and the continued susceptibility of tumor cells to CTL killing. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Melanoma3
  • Outcomes for patients with melanoma have improved over the past decade with the clinical development and approval of immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In melanoma especially, but now also in renal cell cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (anti-CTLA4) and blockade of programmed death receptor-1-PD- ligand 1 (PD1-PD-L1) interaction, represent a completely new treatment paradigm, lowering the threshold for an anticancer immune response and breaking self-tolerance. (emjreviews.com)
  • STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Isolated CD8+ T cells from CB and PB were stimulated antigen independently with anti-CD3/CD28 stimulator beads or in an antigen-dependent manner with artificial antigen-presenting cells loaded with the HLA-A*02:01-restricted peptide of tumor-associated melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART1). (researcher-app.com)
Immunology1
  • Building off experience in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and exploiting advances in genetic engineering, genome editing, immunology, immunotherapy, stem cell biology, understanding disease mechanisms and cell therapy manufacturing, considerable progress has been made with hundreds of clinical trials underway. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cytokines8
  • Further functional analyses revealed enhanced degranulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of note, the TME is rich in immunosuppressive cells (e.g., tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), immature dendritic cells (iDCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)), that can suppress antitumor immunity as a result of secretion of various cytokines and chemokines, which enables tumor escape from immune surveillance [ 8 ]. (thno.org)
  • Moreover, TAMs usually display M2-like phenotypes that exert tumor-promoting role in TME, and promote production of related immunosuppressive factors that trigger immunotherapy resistance, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and soluble signaling mediators [ 12 ]. (thno.org)
  • Cytokines like IL-2 stimulate activity and growth of T-cells, NK cells and macrophages - key players in anti-tumor immune response. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • Exogenous cytokines are widely applied to enhance the anti-tumor ability of immune cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • IL-2 and IL-15-exposed CART cells secreted more proinflammatory cytokines and presented stronger tumor-lysis ability in vitro . (oncotarget.com)
  • Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • HLA-G has the ability to modulate and cause release of cytokines directing the tumor micro-environment to a Th2 profile. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Effector cells3
Cells58
  • Dr Ahmed's initial studies demonstrated that antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells could eradicate established brain tumors in medulloblastoma and glioblastoma models. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Subsequent studies have demonstrated that the tumor-specific T cells, unlike conventional therapies, can effectively target the stem cell compartment in the tumor eradicating experimental tumors in animal models. (texaschildrens.org)
  • In current clinical development, targeting CD19 + B cell malignancies, which include acute and chronic B-cell leukaemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells is one of the most advanced adoptive T-cell therapies and has been approved by the FDA. (nature.com)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target crucial signaling pathways, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), to improve the activation of T cells and enhance the immune response to cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Adoptive cellular therapy transmits the sensitized T cells to patients with low cellular immune function, which helps patients obtain antitumor immunity. (hindawi.com)
  • One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • New therapeutic concepts in anti-tumor therapy aim to modulate the patient's immune system to increase its aggressiveness or targeted effects toward tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the last years, adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells came into the focus of translational medicine, because of their high cytotoxic potential against transformed malignant cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, we established a two-phase expansion protocol with IL-15 to induce an early NK cell expansion, followed by short exposure to IL-21 that boosted the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against RMS cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also tested our hypothesis that intratumoral (i.t.) delivery of dendritic cells that had been transduced with IFN-alpha cDNA (DC-IFN-alpha) would enhance the tumor-homing and antitumor effectiveness of adoptively transferred Tc1 via induction of an IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10). (nih.gov)
  • An immuno-oncology profiling program will be established, including immunophenotyping of tumors and immunotherapy testing in ex vivo co-cultures of malignant and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, to identify synergistic combination therapies with potential for "immune conversion", turning non-responsive tumors immunogenic. (ous-research.no)
  • uh-DOP-tiv sel THAYR-uh-pee) A type of immunotherapy in which T cells (a type of immune cell) are given to a patient to help the body fight diseases, such as cancer. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is the transfer of cells into a patient. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Tumor intrinsic factors Changes in epitope expression on the surface of DLBCL cells is one potential reason for CAR T failure. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • For CAR T cells to work they need to bind to the CD19 epitope on tumor cells. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • How are genetically engineered T cells used in adoptive immunotherapy? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Adoptive immunotherapy using genetically engineered T cells seeks to induce expression of novel genes in cytotoxic T cells that facilitate tumor recognition, enhance T-cell activation, induce tumor-specific cytotoxicity, and/or augment immune memory. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Cells for adoptive therapy can be obtained either from the patient or from a separate individual. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Unfortunately, their clinical value is limited by their rapid loss of function and failure to expand in vivo, presumably due to the lack of costimulator molecules on tumor cells and the inherent limitations of signaling exclusively through the chimeric receptor. (nih.gov)
  • We now report that EBV-specific (but not primary) T cells transduced with tumor-specific chimeric receptor genes can be expanded and maintained long-term in the presence of EBV-infected B cells. (nih.gov)
  • However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)
  • These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)
  • According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)
  • These include the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), TIGIT, and B-and T-lymphocyte-associated protein (BTLA) receptors associated with T cell exhaustion and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), a receptor found on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analyzed the effects of the modified B-CLL cells on the number, phenotype, and cytotoxic function of autologous T cells in 7 B-CLL patients. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • The culture of CD40L/OX40L-expressing B-CLL cells with autologous T cells generated CD4 + /CD8 + cytotoxic T-cell lines, which secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme-B/perforin in response to autologous, but not to allogeneic, B-CLL cells or to autologous T-cell blasts. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • CD40L or OX40L alone was insufficient to expand tumor-reactive T cells. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • The combination of CD40L and OX40L on B-CLL cells may allow the generation of therapeutic immune responses to B-CLL, either by active immunization with modified tumor cells or by adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-reactive autologous T cells. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • These preclinical and clinical evidences encourage us to develop T-cell adoptive immunotherapy using genetically engineered T cells that are transduced with a T-cell receptor (TCR) gene specific for TAA. (oncotarget.com)
  • PDT cytotoxic properties have been established to be due to the oxidation of a large range of biomolecules in cells, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, leading to severe alteration in cell signaling cascades or in gene expression regulation [ 13 , 14 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • Among most immunosuppressive cells, TAMs, as crucial drivers of immunosuppressive TME, account for the largest proportion of immune cells in the TME (approximately 50% of tumor mass) [ 9 , 10 ], which possess highly heterogeneity and play a complex regulatory role in tumor immunity and immunotherapy due to helping tumor evade immune surveillance [ 11 ]. (thno.org)
  • Researchers have engineered a tissue-mimicking hydrogel model to show that more elastic tissues induce T cells to become effector-like T cells with strong tumor-killing potential, while more viscous tissues induce them to become memory-like T cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute and Harvard SEAS led by David Mooney engineered a tissue-mimicking hydrogel model to show that more elastic tissues induce T cells to become effector-like T cells with strong tumor-killing potential, while more viscous tissues induce them to become memory-like T cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The successful campaign of adoptive T cell therapies, a type of immunotherapy in which immune T cells are collected from a patient, enhanced outside of the body, and reinfused back into the same patient, especially against blood cancers is well under way. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One way to approach this goal is to better understand how T cells' traits and functions, including their cytotoxic effects on unwanted target cells (effector T cells) or their ability to recall and eliminate them if they show up again (memory T cells), are shaped by the mechanical resistance of the tissues they encounter while infiltrating them. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Infusions of natural killer (NK) cells are an emerging tool for cancer immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We therefore adapted the K562-mb15-41BBL stimulation method to large-scale clinical-grade conditions, generating large numbers of highly cytotoxic NK cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Checkpoint inhibitor drugs block these proteins and take the brakes off the immune system, enabling it to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • This involves extracting a patient's T-cells, genetically modifying them to enhance their cancer-fighting ability, growing more of them in the lab, and transfusing them back into the patient to attack the tumor. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • By targeting these critical regulators of immune response to cancer, immunotherapies augment the natural defenses of the body to attack malignant cells across multiple pathways. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • Thus, iPS cells have greater potential to be used in ACT-based immunotherapy compared to ESCs or HSCs. (psu.edu)
  • Stimulation in vitro with a Notch ligand drives T cell differentiation from iPS cells, and TCR gene transduction results in iPS cells differentiating into antigen-specific T cells in vivo, which prevents tumor growth. (psu.edu)
  • Subsequent adoptive transfer of virus activated spleen cells into RIP(GP x Tag2) mice further prolonged survival (168 +/- 11 d), demonstrating continued expression of the LCMV-GP tumor antigen and MHC class I. The data show that the tumor did not spontaneously induce or maintain an activated CTL response, revealing a profound lack of immunogenicity in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CB-derived cells might be more suitable for adoptive immunotherapy as they have unique T-cell characteristics. (researcher-app.com)
  • CB and PB T cells cultured in the presence of interleukin (IL)-7, IL-15, IL-12, and IL-21 were characterized for T-cell phenotype and specificity, that is, by CD107a, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-2 expression. (researcher-app.com)
  • After antigenic stimulation, MART1-reactive CB T cells were naïve (CD45RA+CCR7+), cytotoxic, and highly variable in expressing homing marker CD62L. (researcher-app.com)
  • The AIM technology enables simultaneous enrichment, expansion and priming of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells directed against multiple tumor-associated antigen (TAA) targets across a broad range of both solid and hematologic malignancies. (themmrf.org)
  • However, when tested in vivo , CART cells exposed to IL-2 ex vivo showed the least anti-tumor effect. (oncotarget.com)
  • In contrast, the administration of IL-15 and IL-21 in combination with CART cells in vivo increased their tumor killing capacity. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • which allows the escape of tumor cells from Natural Killer Cell (NK) and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell destruction. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • HLA-G induces tolerance and tumor Immunosuppression by inhibiting various immune-competent cells. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • 9] have done a great job discussing HLA-G proteins in cancer and how they provide tumor cells with an immune escape mechanism. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • One such cytokine is IL-10, a powerful immunosuppressive cytokine, which confers immunoprotection to tumor cells and promotes metastases. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • The resultant activation of T cells is then exploited for tumor elimination. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Patient PBMCs are collected by leukapheresis followed by enrichment approaches to isolate T cells while removing other cells such as B cells, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells and contaminating tumor cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cytotoxic drugs damage DNA and kill many normal cells as well as cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Therapies5
  • Despite their efficiency, adoptive T-cell therapies show unique toxicities, which are distinct from those seen with conventional chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and small-molecule-targeted therapies. (nature.com)
  • How are adoptive cellular therapies used in cancer treatment? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Unfortunately, many patients still progress and acquire resistance to immunotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study provides a conceptual basis for future strategies aiming to create functionally distinct T cell populations for adoptive therapies by selectively tuning mechanical input provided by biomaterials-based engineered cell culture systems. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Current targeted therapies can slow tumor growth (eg, BRAF inhibition) or release the brakes on the immune response, resulting in tumor lysis (eg, PD-1 inhibition). (medscape.com)
Inhibitors4
  • In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has achieved significant success in various cancers and has been one of the hotspots in the life sciences, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular therapy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • Alternative inhibitory receptors have been identified that may be targeted for anti-tumor immune therapy, such as lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), as have several potential target oncogenes for molecularly targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renewed interest in cancer immunotherapy has emerged by the introduction of targeted monoclonal antibodies and checkpoint blockade inhibitors. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Type of immunotherapy2
Immunity1
  • I.t. injections of DC-IFN-alpha remarkably enhanced the tumor homing, therapeutic efficacy, and in situ IFN-gamma production of i.v. delivered Tc1, resulting in the long-term survival and persistence of systemic ovalbumin-specific immunity. (nih.gov)
Antitumor2
  • However, LCMV infection induced an antitumor CTL response which efficiently reduced the tumor mass, resulting in temporarily normalized blood glucose levels and prolonged survival of double transgenic RIP(GP x Tag2) mice (137 +/- 18 d) as opposed to control RIP-Tag2 mice (88 +/- 8 d). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, repetitive immunizations are necessary for prolonged antitumor immunotherapy. (ox.ac.uk)
Cancer24
  • Life sciences professionals believe that immunotherapy will revolutionize cancer treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • It is a dose-limited factor of cancer immunotherapy and affects the prognosis and quality of life [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Despite significant recent improvements in the field of immunotherapy, cancer remains a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems. (mdpi.com)
  • intestinal microflora treatment as part of personalized medicine, ex vivo drug testing as a basis for personalized treatment of intestinal cancer and cell-based immunotherapy against cancer. (ous-research.no)
  • Immunotherapy may be a promising modality among multidisciplinary methods for advanced cancer. (springeropen.com)
  • In this study we evaluated the potential of tumor antigen-pulsed fully mature dendritic cell (DC) stimulation in restoring tumor-specific cytotoxicity in anergic TIL populations from advanced breast cancer patients. (utmb.edu)
  • Taken together, these data show that tumor lysate-pulsed mature DC can consistently restore tumor-specific lytic activity in non-cytotoxic breast cancer TIL. (utmb.edu)
  • Nasopharyngeal cancer is staged according to the tumour, node, metastasis system. (hkmj.org)
  • Wei X, Wang J, Liang M, Song M. Development of functional nanomedicines for tumor associated macrophages-focused cancer immunotherapy. (thno.org)
  • Clinical cancer immunotherapies are usually impeded by tumor immunosuppression driven by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). (thno.org)
  • Lastly, some severe challenges related to functional nanomedicines for TAMs-focused cancer immunotherapy are proposed, and some feasible perspectives on clinical translation of TAMs-associated anticancer immunonanomedicines are provided. (thno.org)
  • It is hoped that, with rapid development of nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy, TAMs-focused therapeutic strategies may be anticipated to become an emerging immunotherapeutic modality for future clinical cancer treatment. (thno.org)
  • In clinical practice, cancer immunotherapies have been well developed in recent years, mainly including cytokine therapy (e.g. (thno.org)
  • Immunotherapy represents an exciting new frontier in cancer treatment. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • While still early days, immunotherapy promises to change the face of cancer treatment as more applications are found across various cancer types. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • In this blog, we explore the different types of immunotherapies, their mechanisms of action, current uses in cancer treatment, limitations, and the exciting future possibilities of this transformative therapy. (theusaknowledge.net)
  • In the past two decades, immunotherapy of cancer has developed into an established treatment option. (emjreviews.com)
  • More recently, T cell immunotherapy has impacted on survival of certain cancer types. (emjreviews.com)
  • Decitabine inhibits tumor cell proliferation and up-regulates e-cadherin expression in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. (researchmap.jp)
  • In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
  • Adaptive cancer immunotherapy will be much more effective by a combination approach. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • The purpose of this review is to bring more awareness of the role of HLA-G in cancer Immunosuppression, which in the present field of cancer immunotherapy, in my opinion has been severely neglected. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • In patients with no BRAF mutation (ie, wild-type BRAF ), current guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommend single-agent immunotherapy with the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab or nivolumab or combination therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. (medscape.com)
  • Ex vivo isolation and culturing of TIL with interleukin-2, followed by reinfusion into the patient, is one form of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. (bvsalud.org)
Therapeutic3
  • Tumor immunotherapy refers to novel therapeutic measures that turn the immune system into a destructive force against tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, TAMs can be considered as a promising therapeutic target for improved immunotherapy, and TAMs-focused molecular targeting agents have made ideal progress in clinical practice. (thno.org)
  • Immunotherapy is currently considered as a promising next-generation therapeutic strategy for various cancers thanks to its ability to modulate cell-specific immune responses toward tumors [ 1 ], which has gradually remodeled the landscape of clinical anticancer modality [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
Vivo2
  • These findings offer a major step in fulfilling critical biological requirements to quickly generate a cellular product ex vivo, using a negligible fraction of a cord blood graft that provides a flexible adoptive immunotherapy platform for both children and adults. (freedomfromcancerchallenge.org)
  • Induction and maintenance of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity specific for a primary endogenous tumor was investigated in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
Cancers4
  • In recent years, immunotherapies have led to remarkable strides in treating certain cancers. (mdpi.com)
  • IMA101 is a personalized investigational immunotherapy being evaluated for the treatment of multiple cancers, including ovarian, gastric, esophageal, non-small cell lung cancers, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Multidisciplinary approach including immunotherapy for such cancers has received much attention in recent years. (springeropen.com)
  • After decades of research, immunotherapy has now emerged as a revolutionary approach against certain types of cancers. (theusaknowledge.net)
Antigen-pulsed1
Immunosuppression2
  • Here, the underlying mechanisms of tumor immunosuppression caused by TAMs are first emphatically elucidated, and then the basic design of TAMs-focused immune-nanomedicines are discussed, mainly including diverse categories of nanomaterials, targeted and stimulus-responsive modifications, and TAM imaging in nanomedicines. (thno.org)
  • 4] has investigated the complexities of HLA-G as an immunomodulatory molecule, and its role in tumor immunosuppression. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Anti-tumor immune1
  • Alternative inhibitory receptors have been identified that may also be targeted for anti-tumor immune therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Role in tumor1
Clinical5
  • Tumor immunotherapy brings substantial and long-term clinical benefits that can even cure tumors. (hindawi.com)
  • Immatics recently announced patient enrollment into a phase 1 clinical trial of its adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) IMA101, which uses its ACTolog approach. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • These treatments have shown promising results in various tumor types, and multiple clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to further optimize this treatment modality. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. (explorationpub.com)
  • Clinical benefits from monoclonal antibody therapy for B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have increased interest in developing additional immunotherapies for the disease. (houstonmethodist.org)
Receptors1
  • They recognize EBV-infected targets through their conventional T-cell receptor and tumor targets through their chimeric receptors. (nih.gov)
Cellular therapy3
  • Adoptive cellular therapy, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, has gained unprecedented success among hematologic tumors [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • What is adoptive cellular therapy? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • That's why we are very excited to partner with the MMRF to make our AIM adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) available to this specific patient population. (themmrf.org)
Immunosuppressive factors1
Multiple tumor1
  • Drug screening of patient-derived organoid cultures will be combined with multi-level molecular analyses (genomics/transcriptomics/multiplex immunohistochemistry) of multiple tumor tissue samples from individual patients, and integrated into molecular prediction models by machine learning approaches. (ous-research.no)
Induces1
  • However, the accumulation of evidence suggests that immunotherapy also induces severe and complex neurologic immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs) and even leads to immunotherapy-related death, which arouses the concern of clinicians. (hindawi.com)
Chimeric1
  • IL-2 and IFN-γ), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies), and adoptive T-cell transfer (e.g., chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy) [ 3 - 5 ]. (thno.org)
Molecules1
  • The CAR-containing exosomes express a high level of cytotoxic molecules and inhibit tumour growth. (nature.com)
Tissues1
  • The mechanical features of tissues, for example, bone, muscle, different internal organs, and blood, can vary widely, and pathological tissues such as tumor masses or fibrotic tissues are mechanically significantly different from healthy tissues. (sciencedaily.com)
Genes1
Graft1
  • The results contribute to better understanding the effects on GVHD and graft versus tumor. (researcher-app.com)
Efficacy1
  • These experiments suggest that induction of unresponsiveness may be an important mechanism limiting the efficacy of adoptive CTL therapy. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Transfer5
Prognosis2
  • In this situation, immunotherapy could be a reliable candidate to improve the prognosis of these patients without lowering their quality of life. (springeropen.com)
  • To bypass resistance, combination treatment with immunotherapies and single or multiple TKIs have been shown to improve prognosis compared to monotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Neurotoxicity1