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Neoplasm TransplantationNeoplasms, ExperimentalCell Line, TumorImmunityInjectionsMelanoma, ExperimentalMice, Inbred BALB CTumor BurdenImmunity, CellularTumor Markers, BiologicalAntigens, NeoplasmTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMice, Inbred C57BLImmunity, InnateMice, NudeNeoplasmsCancer VaccinesXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysFibrosarcomaMammary Neoplasms, ExperimentalWilms TumorTumor MicroenvironmentGenes, Tumor SuppressorTransplantation, HeterologousSarcoma, ExperimentalTumor Suppressor Protein p53ImmunotherapyCell ProliferationNeovascularization, PathologicCarcinoid TumorMice, SCIDBrain NeoplasmsAntibodies, MonoclonalColonic NeoplasmsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCytotoxicity, ImmunologicNeuroendocrine TumorsNeoplasm MetastasisCell DivisionT-LymphocytesTumor Suppressor ProteinsLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingTime FactorsDisease Models, AnimalAdenocarcinomaDendritic CellsSignal TransductionFlow CytometryTumor EscapeNeoplasm ProteinsMice, TransgenicCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesKiller Cells, NaturalTransfectionLymphocyte ActivationMice, KnockoutRNA, MessengerCell LineInterferon-gammaCell Transformation, NeoplasticInjections, IntralesionalReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionImmunotherapy, AdoptiveT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicAntineoplastic AgentsSkin NeoplasmsInjections, IntravenousCells, CulturedLiver NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsGenetic TherapyImmunohistochemistryGastrointestinal Stromal TumorsSpleenCell SurvivalPancreatic NeoplasmsTumor Cells, CulturedOvarian NeoplasmsImmunologic SurveillanceGliomaKidney NeoplasmsAdaptive ImmunityInjections, IntramuscularMolecular Sequence DataTissue DistributionNeoplasm Regression, SpontaneousCytokinesGenetic VectorsTumor Stem Cell AssayT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticTransplantation, IsogeneicCell MovementBlotting, WesternAntibodies, NeoplasmApoptosisDose-Response Relationship, DrugCarcinoma, Squamous CellCell Growth ProcessesDisease Progression
MicroenvironmentDelayed tumor growthImmunotherapyMiceAntitumorInnateProgressionVitroMacrophagesCellsInduceMelanomaCytotoxicAggressive tumorsAnti-tumor effectsPromotes tumor growthInhibition of tumorGrowth inhibitionXenograftsPeptidesUpregulationPrimary tumorSuppressiveInducesOrthotopicProteinsChemotherapyColonMurineNeutrophilsCrosstalkOncolyticCancerTissueCellSubcutaneouslyExosomesAntibodies
Microenvironment21
  • Thus GDF-15, beside its known role in cancer-related anorexia and cachexia, emerges as a regulator of T cell extravasation into the tumor microenvironment, which provides an even stronger rationale for therapeutic anti-GDF-15 antibody development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Intratumoral delivery of immunostimulatory therapeutics with ImmunoGel effects extensive immunostimulatory alterations to the tumor microenvironment and is a promising approach to overcoming immune evasion multiple models of cancer. (sirweb.org)
  • Accumulating research suggests that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an essential role in regulation of tumor growth and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Targeting tumor cells or the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the two major fundamental principles for antitumor therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different tumor types can also design their specific microenvironment by encouraging tumor angiogenesis and stimulating peripheral immune tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, and, in ovarian cancer (OvCa), the primary TME is the omentum. (biomed.news)
  • The tumor immune microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of immunotherapeutic efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The imbalance of immune homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an essential feature of tumors, which leads to suppression of the infiltration, survival, and activation of effector cells with immune recognition and tumor-killing functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) is a secretion glycoprotein associated with the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). (thno.org)
  • Advancements in molecular imaging technology have opened new possibilities for dynamically assessing changes in the tumor immune microenvironment in real-time. (medicineinnovates.com)
  • NIRF-labeled therapeutic molecules and ICPs have shown great promise in evaluating cancer therapy, offering a safe and accurate means of characterizing the tumor microenvironment. (medicineinnovates.com)
  • Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Objective Investigating the effect of ferroptosis in the tumour microenvironment to identify combinatory therapy for liver cancer treatment. (bmj.com)
  • Design Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which is considered the master regulator of ferroptosis, was genetically altered in murine models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) to analyse the effect of ferroptosis on tumour cells and the immune tumour microenvironment. (bmj.com)
  • Although there is ample evidence that the chemotherapeutic drugs trigger an immune response, the efficient tumor rejection or regression is not guaranteed probably due to the massive immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
  • This work represents a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy by integrating nanotechnology and platinum-based therapeutics which not only efficiently exerts the chemotherapeutic cytotoxic effect on tumor cell but also restores immune response of immunological cells within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
  • First, the stimulatory or death signals are released from apoptotic tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
  • During the early phase of tumor development, immune cells could spontaneously infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment to evoke an immune response and fight against the growth of the tumor. (thno.org)
  • The percentage of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs and Gr1 + CD11b + MDSCs were significantly increased in tumor microenvironment, and all these were attributed to the upregulation of TGF-β1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are compelling evidences to show that melanoma cells escape the host's immunity by actively developing multiple suppressive mechanisms within the cancer microenvironment [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I studied the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer during my graduate training in Hong Kong. (stanford.edu)
Delayed tumor growth1
  • Injection of in vitro generated melanoma-derived tumor-APCs into subcutaneous melanoma tumors delayed tumor growth and increased survival in mice. (lu.se)
Immunotherapy8
  • Across different tumor types, pre-existing T cell infiltrates predict response to checkpoint-based immunotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results demonstrate potent antileukemic activity of CAR-engineered CIK cells in vitro and in vivo, and suggest this strategy as a promising approach for adoptive immunotherapy of refractory pre-B-ALL. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, it also points out the weaknesses of immunotherapy, as not all tumors respond to therapy and the co-administration of different immunomodulators may be severely limited due to their systemic toxicity. (mdpi.com)
  • Immunotherapy, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has emerged as a therapeutic breakthrough and has produced significant clinical responses in patients with several solid tumors [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Whether C. tropicalis participates in the progression of CRC and immunotherapy resistance through regulating the tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 remains to be further elucidated. (jcancer.org)
  • With a better understanding of molecular details in tumor immunology and tumor biology, tailored cancer immunotherapy is considered as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. (thno.org)
  • Cancer immunotherapy approaches designed to surmount tumor suppression take into consideration the pivotal molecular processes involved in the activation of immune system. (thno.org)
Mice21
  • We analyzed the effect of PD-1-Ab on tumor growth in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ-mice) subcutaneously inoculated with MC38 (a colon carcinoma cell line). (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, we assessed the expression of chemokines by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array in tumor-draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of these mice and MC38 cells cultured in different glucose concentrations. (nature.com)
  • This was accompanied by fewer tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, and STZ-mice had fewer tumor-infiltrating CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) than normoglycemic mice. (nature.com)
  • To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on anti-tumor function induced by anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, we treated STZ-induced diabetic mice with subcutaneous MC38 colon carcinoma tumors with anti-PD-1 antibody, and examined changes in tumor growth, the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. (nature.com)
  • Mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ or sodium citrate buffer (CB) 7 days before subcutaneous inoculation with MC38 cells in the right flank on day 0 (Fig. 1 A). Then, the mice were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody or normal rat IgG on days 5, 8, and 11. (nature.com)
  • The effect of anti-PD-1 antibody on MC38 tumor is attenuated in STZ-induced diabetic mice. (nature.com)
  • Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the protein level of Rab37 and CHI3L1, and localization of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in allografts from mice or tumor specimens from cancer patients. (thno.org)
  • The research team validated the targeting capabilities of Po-12-Cy5 using In vivo experiments involving tumor-bearing mice. (medicineinnovates.com)
  • Nature communications 2022 - Prdm1 attenuates its effects on tumor growth inhibition through PD-L1-induced tumor immune evasion in immune-competent mice. (thermofisher.com)
  • a Representative subcutaneous tumors (left)/orthotopic transplantation tumors (right) collected from Hepa1-6-bearing C57BL/6 mice. (thermofisher.com)
  • b Tumor proliferation curves of subcutaneous xenografts in Hepa1-6-bearing C57BL/6 mice. (thermofisher.com)
  • Moreover, blocking antibody against PD-1 promotes tumor growth both in SW480 cells and mice CRC xenografts in an adaptive immune-independent manner. (jcancer.org)
  • Wpep-DGL/Pt showed potent antitumor efficacy in MDA-MB-231 cells tumor-bearing nude mice with a deficient immune system, demonstrating targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and the resultant cytotoxicity. (thno.org)
  • Furthermore, in immunocompetent mice bearing 4T1 cells tumors, Wpep-DGL/Pt activated immune cells and induced cell death proving their dual function of chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory efficacy. (thno.org)
  • Notch1 in anti-tumor immune response was comprehensively appraised in murine B16 melanoma tumor model in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Downregulation or overexpression of Notch1 in B16 melanoma cells inhibited or promoted tumor growth in immunocompetent mice, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)
  • some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of antibodies against PD1, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), or CD8 before the cancer cells were injected. (stanford.edu)
  • Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
  • In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)
  • reported that both visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes from obese human beings and mice portrayed all MHCII elements necessary for antigen display and increased degrees of Compact disc80 and Compact disc86, and could work as APCs therefore. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Antitumor9
  • Antitumor immunity elicited by tumor-APCs was synergistic with immune checkpoint inhibitors. (lu.se)
  • Restoring antitumor immunity with dendritic cell reprogramming strategies. (lu.se)
  • The ratio of pro- to antitumor immune populations in the TIME plays a critical role in the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The processes of tumor initiation, expansion, and metastasis are governed by the TIME, where immunosuppressive and antitumor immune crosstalk play an important role. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While tumor expansion, contact-dependent or independent crosstalk between tumor and TIME affects the production of various cytokines that help in the polarization of antitumor immune response in the immunosuppressive TIME. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, it has been increasingly recognized for its ability to inhibit tumor growth and activate antitumor immunity. (medicineinnovates.com)
  • RT has been shown to influence the expression of TIGIT in tumors, and the combination of RT with anti-TIGIT therapy has demonstrated promising antitumor effects. (medicineinnovates.com)
  • A series of in vitro and in vivo analyses, including physical and chemical characterizations, targeting property, biosafety, and antitumor efficacy of Wpep-DGL/Pt were systematically carried out. (thno.org)
  • These findings suggested that Notch1 signaling in B16 melanoma cells might inhibit antitumor immunity by upregulation of TGF-β1. (biomedcentral.com)
Innate5
  • T cell immune receptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT) emerges as a key player in regulating adaptive and innate immunity, particularly in the context of tumor immune surveillance. (medicineinnovates.com)
  • Finally, the innate immunity or adaptive immunity is stimulated leading to regulation and inhibition of tumor growth. (thno.org)
  • In most cases, such inflammatory responses lead to the removal of pathogenic factors and the induction of adaptive immunity by the components of innate immunity (Hawiger J., Innate Immunity and Inflammation: A Transcriptional Paradigm. (justia.com)
  • In addition to a role in adaptive immunity, memory CD8+ T cells are involved in innate immunity, being able to become activated and to proliferate under cytokine stimulation (107, 108). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • vaccines The immune system is complex, yet so simple in its ability to induce nonspecific (innate) immunity and specific immune responses against pathogens, including, bacteria, viruses and parasites. (studylib.net)
Progression7
  • The cellular and molecular nature of the TIME influences cancer progression and metastasis by altering the ratio of immune- suppressive versus cytotoxic responses in the vicinity of the tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These tumors and accessories represent the hallmark characteristics that support tumor progression and lead to metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These non-tumor cells are essential for tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This shows that C. tropicalis promotes CRC progression via controlling the expression of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1. (jcancer.org)
  • C. tropicalis can down-regulate tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression via enhancing tumor cells autophagy levels to promote CRC progression. (jcancer.org)
  • At that time, the application of tumor treatment with the spontaneous viruses or wild type viruses which quite often being scavenged by immune system, merely induces a subtle inhibition to tumor progression in patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here at Stanford, I am using different genome editing tools and mouse models to investigate the role of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and immune tolerance in liver cancer. (stanford.edu)
Vitro6
  • In addition to acquiring improved antigen presentation, tumor-APCs had impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
  • Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
  • in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of 2'-fluorinated arabinosides of 5-(2-haloalkyl)uracil. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • 5-(2-fluoroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (fedu), its 2'-fluoroarabinofuranosyl analog (fefau) and the 2'-fluoroarabinofuranosyl analog (cefau) of the potent anti-herpesvirus compound 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cedu) were evaluated for activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in vitro and in vivo. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • we studied a murine hepatitis model of hsv infection to determine whether this in vitro observation would also be demonstrable in vivo. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • DTEM) has developed and coordinated a mixtures program that includes trend analysis to identify the mixtures most often found in environmental media, in vivo and in vitro toxicological testing of mixtures, quantitative modeling of joint action, and methodological development for assessment of joint toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Macrophages3
  • CD38 expression on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was significantly higher than PDL1, and CD38 + TAMs were closely associated with immunosuppression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myeloid immune cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), may represent potential novel therapeutic targets in HCC, complementing current ablative or immune therapies. (cancerindex.org)
  • Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)
Cells57
  • We used the minimal gene regulatory network of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) to reprogram cancer cells into professional antigen-presenting cells (tumor-APCs). (lu.se)
  • Within 9 days of reprogramming, tumor-APCs acquired transcriptional and epigenetic programs associated with cDC1 cells. (lu.se)
  • Reprogramming restored the expression of antigen presentation complexes and costimulatory molecules on the surfaces of tumor cells, allowing the. (lu.se)
  • Human primary tumor cells could also be reprogrammed to increase their capability to present antigen and to activate patient-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (lu.se)
  • Our approach serves as a platform for the development of immunotherapies that endow cancer cells with the capability to process and present endogenous tumor antigens. (lu.se)
  • CIK cells are a heterogeneous effector cell population including T cells (CD3(+) CD56(-) ), natural killer (NK) cells (CD3(-) CD56(+) ) and natural killer T (T-NK) cells (CD3(+) CD56(+) ) that exhibit non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxicity and are generated by ex vivo expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of interferon (IFN)-γ, anti-CD3 antibody, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-15 (IL-15). (bvsalud.org)
  • EGFRvIII-targeted NK-92 only lysed EGFRvIII-positive GBM cells, while dual-specific NK cells expressing a cetuximab-based CAR were active against both types of tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results suggest that the STZ-induced hyperglycemia impairs the effect of PD-1-Ab treatment on MC38 tumor growth, and is accompanied by reduced infiltration of DCs and CD8 + T cells and decreased expression of CCL7 and CXCL9. (nature.com)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1), induce their anti-tumor effects by improving the function of immune cells 11 . (nature.com)
  • However, solid tumor cells at rest are known to secrete either very low amounts of galectin-9 or, in most of the cases, do not secrete it at all. (bmj.com)
  • Our aims were to elucidate whether T cells can induce galectin-9 secretion in human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors and whether this soluble form displays higher systemic immunosuppressive activity compared with the cell surface-based protein. (bmj.com)
  • Results We discovered that T lymphocytes induce galectin-9 secretion in various types of human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors. (bmj.com)
  • ImmunoGel with IL12 resulted in a significant increase in effector (CD8+GZMB+INFg+) T cells compared with sham and blank hydrogel injections for both treated (4.1% total CD45+ cells vs 2.2% and 1.9%, respectively) and non-treated (4.6% vs 2.1% and 3.9%, respectively) tumors in the MC38 tumor model. (sirweb.org)
  • There was also a decrease in regulatory T cells (CD4+FoxP3+CD25+) in non-treated tumors (0.5% vs 6.1% and 3.5%, respectively). (sirweb.org)
  • Similar results were seen in the B16 tumor model following ImmunoGel with IL12 injection, with an increase in CD3+CD8+ T cells and a decrease in CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory T cells, and these results were further corroborated with scRNAseq data. (sirweb.org)
  • Spatial proteomics revealed localization of immunofluorescent staining that corresponds to increased CD8+ T cells in the B16 tumor model treated with ImmunoGel with IL12 injection in comparison to saline. (sirweb.org)
  • The oncogenic communication with tumor cells and through the crosstalk of autocrine and paracrine components in almost all tumor types are responsible for this phenomenon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are an important component of the TIME and are a significant predictor of cancer patients' survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The crosstalk between pro-tumorigenic immune cells, stromal cells, and cytokines helps to establish the pre-metastatic niche for disseminated circulatory tumor cells and facilitates metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the tumor initiation stage, cancer cells escape from immune surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During metastasis, tumor-derived exosomes help in the requirement and arrangement of immunosuppressive immune cells for favorable premetastatic niche formation and growth of metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The stromal component interacts with tumor cells in complex crosstalk to support tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metformin interrupts bidirectional signaling between tumor and mesothelial cells by blocking OvCa cell TGF-β signaling and mesothelial cell production of CCL2 and IL-8. (biomed.news)
  • These findings indicate that tumor-promoting signaling between mesothelial and OvCa cells in the TME can be targeted using metformin. (biomed.news)
  • Among the large number of cells assayed, we identified 71 T-cell phenotypes, 30 tumor-associated macrophage phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T cell marker expression profiles showed that almost all T cells in the tumor tissue were in a state of exhaustion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy contributes to the prolonged survival of tumor cells, whereas defects in autophagy play a critical role in tumorigenesis ( 15 , 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A recent study showed that the hypoxic environment produced by PDT can induce autophagy in tumor cells ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This suggests that autophagy is a form of adaptation of the nutritional environment of rapidly growing tumor cells in response to hypoxia. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Vaccination with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-cells in patients with malignant glioma. (nwbio.com)
  • Phase I/II study of vaccination with electrofused allogeneic dendritic cells/autologous tumor-derived cells in patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma. (nwbio.com)
  • Babatz J, Röllig C, Löbel B, Folprecht G, Haack M, Günther H, Köhne CH, Ehninger G, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M. Induction of cellular immune responses against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic tumors after vaccination with altered peptide ligand-loaded dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
  • Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Instead, GPx4-associated ferroptotic hepatocyte death causes a tumour suppressive immune response characterised by a CXCL10-dependent infiltration of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells that is counterbalanced by PD-L1 upregulation on tumour cells as well as by a marked HMGB1-mediated myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration. (bmj.com)
  • Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor originating from gastric mucosa epithelial cells, and its onset is relatively insidious. (frontiersin.org)
  • When administrated in vivo, both intact and Fab of J43 are reported to enhance contact hypersensitivity and exacerbate acute GVHD similar to transfer of PD-1-deficient cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by T lymphocytes that are themselves stimulated by cognate peptides bound to MHC molecules on antig en-presenting cells (APC). (thermofisher.com)
  • The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor is an immune checkpoint molecule that induces immune tolerance and mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. (jcancer.org)
  • We also demonstrated that high concentrations of C. tropicalis can down-regulate tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression in colon cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • It is mainly expressed on mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes [ 7 , 8 ], and it can inhibit T cell function by binding with PD-L1 or PD-L2 ligand, which is mainly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, to induce immune tolerance and limit autoimmunity [ 9 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • For example, antibodies specific to tumor antigens, adoptively transferred immune cells, therapeutic vaccines, and recombinant cytokines effectively boost the host immune system to recognize tumor cells as pathogens and eliminate them [ 1 - 3 ]. (thno.org)
  • Then these signals are engulfed as antigens and presented by antigen-presenting cells within the tumor-derived lymph nodes. (thno.org)
  • With the understanding particularly in the characteristics of viruses and tumor cells, numerous innovative OVs have been engineered to conquer cancers, such as Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) and tasadenoturev (DNX-2401). (biomedcentral.com)
  • OVT has its unique advantages and prospects, because oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and replicate in tumor cells and destroy them, while leaving healthy cells largely untouched [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With increasingly high therapeutic efficacy being achieved recent years and owing to the unique features such as specific tumor tropism, low cytotoxicity against normal cells, OVT has been inviting a great attention as an ideal weapon against cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meanwhile, these non-engineered viruses sometimes inevitably infect and spread to normal tissues, indiscriminately killed both tumor and normal cells, causing a series of unpredicted side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By the genetic recombination the viruses were conferred with high specificity against tumor cells without targeting normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ratios of CD3 + CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, CD49b + NK cells, CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs and Gr1 + CD11b + MDSCs in tumor-DLN or spleen were examined by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notch1 expression in B16 melanoma cells inhibited the infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells and reduced IFN-γ release in tumor tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • tumors were analyzed by mass cytometry using markers to detect T cells and other lymphocytes. (stanford.edu)
  • As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by oncolysis , they release new infectious virus particles or virions to help destroy the remaining tumour. (privacytools.io)
  • [1] [2] Oncolytic viruses are thought not only to cause direct destruction of the tumour cells, but also to stimulate host anti-tumour immune system responses. (privacytools.io)
  • In contrary, tumor cells have evolved immune escape mechanisms whereby overexpression of PD-L1 induces anergy and/or apoptosis of PD-1 positive T cells by interfering with T cell receptor signal transduction. (studylib.net)
  • Consequently, it was shown by others that tumor cells also expressed MHC-I and presented short tumor-associated peptides to immune cells [6]. (studylib.net)
  • However, tumor cells can evade host's immune surveillance using a number of protective mechanisms, including downregulation of MHC-I molecules, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, in other words, TGF-β and IL-10, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, VEGF, upregulation of PD-L1 and downregulation of co-stimulatory molecules thereby preventing activation of T cells, resulting in cancer invasion. (studylib.net)
  • The binding of T cells expressing PD-1 and tumor cells expressing PD-L1 initiates an array of inhibitory signals resulting in reduced function and/or apoptosis of T cells [8,11] providing a mechanism for tumor cell evasion of host's immune surveillance [12-14]. (studylib.net)
  • This TK-deleted Raccoonpox virus was notably attenuated in normal primary cells but replicated efficiently in numerous tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
Induce1
  • Enforced expression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 (PIB) was sufficient to induce the cDC1 phenotype in 36 cell lines derived from human and mouse hematological and solid tumors. (lu.se)
Melanoma2
  • In recent years, studies have shown that tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 plays different roles in the development of melanoma, Liver cancer and lung cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • Malignant melanoma, one of the most highly aggressive tumors, resists to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and has fatal outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytotoxic1
  • The CAR-containing exosomes express a high level of cytotoxic molecules and inhibit tumour growth. (nature.com)
Aggressive tumors1
  • Recent evidence demonstrated that galectin-9 is highly expressed in a wide range of human malignancies including the most aggressive tumors, such as high-grade glioblastomas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, as well as common malignancies such as breast, lung and colorectal cancers. (bmj.com)
Anti-tumor effects1
  • however, it remains unknown whether the anti-tumor effects of anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (PD-1-Ab) treatment are changed in hyperglycemic conditions. (nature.com)
Promotes tumor growth1
  • PDT has been reported to be effective for treating aggressive colon cancer showing a high level of the vascular endothelial growth factor, which promotes tumor growth through angiogenesis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Inhibition of tumor1
  • Inhibition of tumor-stromal crosstalk by metformin is caused by the reduced expression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) enzyme succinyl CoA ligase (SUCLG2). (biomed.news)
Growth inhibition1
  • Treatment of xenograft tumors resulted in PD-L1-dependent tumor growth inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
Xenografts1
  • In this study, we first found that high concentrations of C. tropicalis promote tumor growth in cell cultures and xenografts. (jcancer.org)
Peptides1
Upregulation1
  • Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis corroborates these findings, confirming the significant upregulation of TIGIT on lymphocytes in tumor tissue. (medicineinnovates.com)
Primary tumor1
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver. (wjgnet.com)
Suppressive1
  • The suppressive effect of PD-1-Ab on tumor growth was attenuated. (nature.com)
Induces1
Orthotopic1
  • Our developed nCHI3L1 Abs showed the dual properties of reducing tumor growth/metastases and eliciting an immunostimulatory TME in syngeneic orthotopic lung, pancreas and colon tumor models. (thno.org)
Proteins2
  • Tripartite Motif Containing 13 (TRIM13), a member of TRIM proteins, is deleted in multiple tumor types, especially in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
  • [ 6 ] In humans, about 23 different unrelated proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in vivo. (medscape.com)
Chemotherapy3
  • Overexpression of p62 is likely related to tumorigenesis and has been observed in many types of tumors ( 13 , 21 - 23 ), such as chemotherapy-resistant epithelial cell carcinoma ( 24 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Due to the unobvious early symptoms and the influence of some adverse factors such as tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity, patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) cannot benefit significantly from treatments such as radical surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our previous studies have found that Candida tropicalis ( C. tropicalis ) can promote CRC tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance to oxaliplatin by regulating mismatch repair system. (jcancer.org)
Colon1
  • In human colon cancer xenograft model, a single intratumoral inoculation of the recombinant Raccoonpox virus, in combination with 5-fluorocytosine administration, produced relevant tumor growth control. (oncotarget.com)
Murine1
  • Neutralization of GDF-15 improves both T cell trafficking and therapy efficiency in murine tumor models. (bvsalud.org)
Neutrophils1
  • granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) are involved in overcoming infection, parasites and tumors. (justia.com)
Crosstalk1
Oncolytic4
  • Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising anti-tumor modality that utilizes oncolytic viruses (OVs) to preferentially attack cancers rather than normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [3] [4] Oncolytic viruses also have the ability to affect the tumor micro-environment in multiple ways. (privacytools.io)
  • [8] Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are naturally occurring examples such as reovirus and the senecavirus , [9] resulting in clinical trials . (privacytools.io)
  • Numerous tumor cell lines were infected with ten non-vaccinia poxviruses to identify which virus displayed the most potential as an oncolytic agent. (oncotarget.com)
Cancer6
  • 1 Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Therefore, understanding the TME and its immune cell components are equally important as cancer cell characteristics for tumor eradication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PDT is considered as a complementary therapy aimed at preventing tumor recurrence after surgical resection of colorectal cancer ( 3 ), making it a suitable approach for continuous removal of small fractions of tumors ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This novel form of radiotherapy utilizes 125 I radioactive seeds, which have demonstrated effectiveness in treating various tumors, including liver cancer. (medicineinnovates.com)
  • 2021, 22(17), 9125, Enhancement of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Anti-Cancer Immunity by Intranasal Treatment of Ecklonia cava Fucoidan against Metastatic Lung Cancer. (bioimagingsystem.com)
  • On December 16, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration approved nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg (Adstiladrin, Ferring Pharmaceuticals) for adult patients with high-risk Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors. (privacytools.io)
Tissue3
  • To obtain detailed systematic tumor immune profile, we performed an in-depth immunoassay on 12 human urothelial carcinoma tissue samples and 14 paratumor tissue samples using mass cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors began by examining the expression of TIGIT protein in human HCC samples collected from different tissue regions and various tumor differentiations. (medicineinnovates.com)
  • Immunofluorescence staining reveals a marked increase in TIGIT expression in tumor tissue compared to adjacent and normal tissues. (medicineinnovates.com)
Cell5
  • The tumors were then harvested at 7 days post-implantation, and immune profiling using IHC, flow cytometry, single cell RNA sequencing, and spatial proteomics were performed. (sirweb.org)
  • Qu J, Chen Q, Bing Z, Shen S, Hou Y, Lv M, Wang T. C. tropicalis promotes CRC by down-regulating tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 receptor via autophagy. (jcancer.org)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1). (stanford.edu)
  • Cell viability indicated that tumor cell lines were differentially susceptible to each virus. (oncotarget.com)
  • Raccoonpox virus was the most potent of the tested poxviruses and was highly effective in controlling cell growth in all tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
Subcutaneously1
  • In contrast, the same combination does not affect tumour growth of subcutaneously grown CRC organoids, while it decreases their metastatic growth in liver. (bmj.com)
Exosomes1
  • In a preclinical in vivo model of cytokine release syndrome, the administration of CAR exosomes is relatively safe compared with CAR-T therapy. (nature.com)
Antibodies1
  • Injection of J43 also exacerbates EAE and NOD diabetes as do specific antibodies to mouse PD-L1 and PD-L2. (thermofisher.com)