MicroenvironmentNecrosis factorProliferationProteinsPathwayReceptorsMolecularExpressed genesMechanismsSuppressorDifferentiationPathwaysApoptosisAngiogenesisSolid tumorsBreast tumorsBiomarkersEpithelialMetastasisSurvivalCellularInduced plurIntracellularMalignantAutophagyImmuneExtracellularGenomicCytokinesBrain tumorProgressionGeneticKinase activityMutationCytotoxicMigrationMutationsMonoclonal antibodyTherapiesHomeostasisIntestinal mucosaGenomeFibroblastsInflammationBiological processesIncluding the downregulationVivoStromalEmbryonicCharacteristicsInitiationLigandsStem cellChemotherapy resistanceGene expressionViabilityRegulateEvading growth suppressorsInduceMechanismPathologicalAndrogensMetabolicCancerTyrosine
Microenvironment12
- Liquid biopsy is a useful tool for accurately monitoring dynamic changes in tumor immune heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Tumor cells are influenced by both genetic factors and environmental elements in the microenvironment, resulting in a complex regulation process ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Various subclonal tumor cells have the ability to modify the tumor microenvironment in order to obtain adaptations. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity has a significant impact on both the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of various immune cells within tumors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ( 5 ), myeloid antigen-presenting cells ( 6 ) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- It has been discovered that the genetic structure of tumor cells and the components of the immune microenvironment interact with each other. (spandidos-publications.com)
- This interaction results in a more complex alteration of both the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to be essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment, regulating cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and chemo-response through various mechanisms. (dovepress.com)
- 11 Chemoresistance, either acquired or intrinsic, is associated with a complicated and multifactorial process, including decreases of intracellular drugs, changes of drug targets, aberrant regulation of cell survival or death, and crosstalks between tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. (dovepress.com)
- In addition, evolutionary theory suggests that cancer cells are alternative solutions to a multivariate optimization problem where the tumor microenvironment provides the selective landscape [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The recently described role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of immune cell infiltration of microenvironment tumor resumes interest because of its potential impact to rection of immune therapy. (chemdiv.com)
- Our preliminary and published studies uncovered a remarkably better response to standard care in female glioblastoma patients than in male patients as well as sex-specific differences in signaling networks and interactions in the tumor microenvironment. (abta.org)
- Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
Necrosis factor2
- We identified Eiger, the Drosophila tumor necrosis factor (TNF) homolog, as the signal responsible for apoptosis-induced apoptosis (AiA). (elifesciences.org)
- We found HOSCN was able to promote necroptosis in mouse fibroblasts treated with tumor necrosis factor. (bvsalud.org)
Proliferation18
- Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
- This study investigated the effect of acylated synthetic ghrelin (AG) on the survival and proliferation of human chemosensitive ovarian cancer cells (A2780) and explored some mechanisms of action with a focus on the p53 apoptotic pathway and PI3K/Akt and NF- κ B survival pathways. (hindawi.com)
- However, while AG treatment had no effect on control cell viability, it significantly increased cell viability and proliferation and inhibited cell death in Cis-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
- Among them and over decades of research, it was shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of the most frequently hyperactive pathways in OC as well as other types of solid tumors and is associated with increased cell growth, proliferation, migration, protein synthesis, survival, and chemotherapy resistance [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM. (lookformedical.com)
- A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma. (lookformedical.com)
- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling contributes to a variety of processes, mediating many aspects of cellular function, including nutrient uptake, anabolic reactions, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. (mdpi.com)
- Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
- In this report, we identified that KPNA3 was significantly upregulated in cancer cells, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer, and its knockdown resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis. (bmbreports.org)
- Integrin-mediated interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are required for the attachment, cytoskeletal organization, mechanosensing, migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells in the context of a multitude of biological processes including fertilization, implantation and embryonic development, immune response, bone resorption and platelet aggregation. (thno.org)
- Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
- To infer functional relationships between SLCs and metabolites, we developed a strategy to identify SLCs able to sustain cell viability and proliferation under growth-limiting concentrations of essential nutrients. (life-science-alliance.org)
- One-by-one depletion of 13 amino acids required for cell proliferation enabled gain-of-function genetic screens using a SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activation approach to uncover transporters relieving cells from growth-limiting metabolic bottlenecks. (life-science-alliance.org)
- A major cellular metabolic requirement is the ability to respond and adapt to the external environment to obtain sufficient amounts of the building blocks and sources of energy required for growth and proliferation. (life-science-alliance.org)
- Estrogens stimulate the proliferation and the differentiation of breast epithelial cells through the activation of downstream mitogenic signaling pathways, namely via the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. (scirp.org)
- Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
- 10. Alters cell proliferation, cell death, or nutrient supply nomes with high accuracy. (who.int)
- Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Proteins20
- Autophagy is generally considered as a cell survival/protection mechanism because it removes toxic or obsolete proteins and organelles and recycles the degradation products for use as sources for energy and metabolites in anabolic pathways 3 . (nature.com)
- ADAM17 is a metalloprotease and disintegrin that lodges in the plasmatic membrane of several cell types and is able to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAM), originally named metalloproteinases disintegrin cystein-rich (MDC), are membrane-anchored cell surface proteins containing both disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. (frontiersin.org)
- It is estimated that as much as 10% of the cell surface proteins undergo ectodomain shedding. (frontiersin.org)
- Sirt1, the mouse homologue of yeast Sir2 deacetylates several non-histone proteins and plays roles in many key functions, including energy metabolism, differentiation, aging, and tumor suppression [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- A proteomic workflow was used to identify proteins in two HER2 positive tumorigenic cell lines (BT474 and SKBR3) that were differentially expressed relative to a normal human mammary epithelial cell line (184A1). (biomedcentral.com)
- Pathway inference tools were used to interpret these proteins in terms of functionally enriched pathways in the tumor cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
- High-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis has previously been used to identify differentially expressed proteins and pathways associated with breast tumor phenotypes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. (lookformedical.com)
- This library represents a selection of drug-like compounds aimed at modulating protein-protein interaction (PPI) of β-catenin with different proteins involved in significant physiological processes. (chemdiv.com)
- These small 21 kDa proteins function as molecular switches to initialize signaling cascades involved in various cellular processes, including gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. (nih.gov)
- created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
- Its triplet of proteins with neurogenic tumors originate from glucose. (notinovedades.com)
- ARA55, ARA54, ARA70, BRCA1, and heat-shock proteins) may allow cells to become independent of androgens (intrinsic activation). (aacrjournals.org)
- The integrin tails have no intrinsic kinase activity but rather serve as a site for the docking of various kinases and related adaptor proteins that comprise focal adhesions. (thno.org)
- Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
- Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
- At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) is a member of the VEGF family of receptor tyrosine kinase proteins, which are expressed on both endothelial and tumor cells, are one of the key proteins contributing to cancer development, and are involved in drug resistance. (researchgate.net)
- These proteins can bind GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase activity. (senescence.info)
Pathway10
- However, relating gene expression with the specific role that the corresponding protein plays in a signaling pathway is complicated by post-transcriptional control of protein expression [ 8 ] and tight regulation of protein activity [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The Wnt pathway mediates the biological processes of the canonical or non-canonical pathway, depending on the involvement of β-catenin in signal transduction. (chemdiv.com)
- Nussе and Varmus identified components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in 1982 in a study of oncogenic breast tumor viral diseases (MMTV) [1]. (chemdiv.com)
- Eiger is produced in apoptotic cells and, through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, is able to propagate the initial apoptotic stimulus. (elifesciences.org)
- found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
- LKB1 is a serine/threonine kinase mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), implicated in many cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell polarization and cell cycle arrest and has also been shown to play an essential role as a tumor suppressor gene by negatively regulating the mTOR pathway. (scirp.org)
- These receptors function as ligand-dependent transcription factors [2] - [4] , acting either through the transcriptional regulation of genes (genomic pathway) or through membrane and cytoplasmic signaling cascades (non-genomic pathway). (scirp.org)
- Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The apoptotic response of cells can be induced by the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway, the former being mediated by the mitochondria and the latter activated by ligand stimulation of death receptors at the cell surface [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The Part 1 post in this series is concerned principally with anti-cancer interventions that address the mTOR pathway, a growth pathway also of great interest from the viewpoint of longevity. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Receptors6
- mRNA of ghrelin receptors(GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b), as well as, protein levels of GHS-R1a, were expressed abundantly in A2780 cells. (hindawi.com)
- In addition, we proved that colon cancer cell lines express PD-1 receptors. (jcancer.org)
- Intrinsic activation of receptors or activation of androgen receptor (AR) coregulatory molecules ( e.g . (aacrjournals.org)
- Integrins are heterodimeric, transmembrane receptors that function as mechanosensors, adhesion molecules and signal transduction platforms in a multitude of biological processes. (thno.org)
- Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors found in nearly all metazoan cell types, composed of non-covalently linked α and β subunits. (thno.org)
- Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
Molecular12
- The heterogeneity of glioblastoma can suppress immune cell function and lead to immune evasion, which presents a challenge in developing effective molecular therapies for tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
- In addition, cell death subroutines have been recently classified on the basis of mechanical and molecular aspects of cell death processes 5 . (nature.com)
- The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
- Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the molecular mechanism underlying the reprogramming process has been an active area of research. (biomedcentral.com)
- This method provides an effective means of understanding the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis by appropriately tracking down the process of cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
- Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. (lookformedical.com)
- In the present study, we dissected the molecular mechanisms responsible for the procoagulant activity of MV3, a highly aggressive human melanoma cell line. (scielo.br)
- presented an overview of the intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer, as well as their prognostic and therapeutic implications [16] summarized in the Table 1 . (scirp.org)
- Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial to provide foundational definitions and descriptions. (papersowl.com)
- While the initial oxidation product is a dimer, further modification also occurred in cells treated with HOSCN, leading to higher molecular weight caspase-8 species. (bvsalud.org)
- At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)
- Environmental factors that can detect specific IgE antibodies against most low-molecular- affect the initiation of occupational asthma include the intrinsic weight agents has resulted in a search for alternative or characteristics of causative agents as well as the influence of the complementary physiopathologic mechanisms leading to airway level and route of exposure at the workplace. (cdc.gov)
Expressed genes1
- RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms14
- However, rather than actively modifying the environment, multiple mechanisms guide the evolution of tumor cells through the selection of subclones with the most adaptive phenotype by environmental factors ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- An alternative infectious processes and may contribute to high case fatal- approach attempts to identify mechanisms shared by most ity rates by impairing adaptive immune function. (cdc.gov)
- This review aims to summarize the recent knowledge on the mechanisms activated by TG2 to regulate cell death/survival and fibrosis in the tissue repair process. (encyclopedia.pub)
- To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the role of AXL signalling in tumour metastasis, we screened a phage display library to generate a novel human monoclonal antibody, named DAXL-88, that recognizes both human and murine AXL. (cancerindex.org)
- This review discusses the recent findings regarding sarcopenia, the intrinsic, and extrinsic mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of this disease and the treatment approaches that have been developed based on testosterone deficiency and their implications. (frontiersin.org)
- While "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were common to both the cell lines, the observed patterns of protein expression suggest that the evasion of apoptosis in each tumorigenic cell line occurs via different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
- These motifs are responsible for the recognition of the guanine moiety in GTP and GDP, and contain residues that undergo post-translational modifications that underlie new mechanisms of RAS regulation. (nih.gov)
- More recently, a number of studies have focused on the procoagulant mechanisms exhibited by tumor cells. (scielo.br)
- UV-induced photoaging of the skin becomes clinically evident with age, when endogenous antioxidative mechanisms and repair processes are not effective any more and actinic damage to the skin prevails. (researchgate.net)
- Studies with bortezomib (VELCADE, formerly known as PS-341) and other proteasome inhibitors indicate that cancer cells are especially dependent on the proteasome for survival, and several mechanisms used by prostate cancer cells require proteasome function. (aacrjournals.org)
- Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the development of androgen independence in prostate cancer cells (4) . (aacrjournals.org)
- Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
- These findings indicate that MUC16 protects EOC cells against TRAIL-induced apoptosis through multiple mechanisms including the blockade of TRAIL R2 expression and the regulation of cFLIP expression at both the transcriptional and the protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
- of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
Suppressor3
- This study shows that PD-1 is a tumor suppressor in CRC. (jcancer.org)
- This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)
- In addition, loss of tumor suppressor activity or proapoptotic factors can contribute to androgen-independent growth (8) and has been reviewed (9) . (aacrjournals.org)
Differentiation10
- It is involved in cell death, growth, and differentiation as well as tissue repair by tissue remodeling/wound healing and ECM assembly [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- It has been reported that Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases, is involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
- OP9 feeder cell co-culture system was used to measure the hematopoietic differentiation from mouse ES and iPS cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Furthermore, we showed that Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line has intrinsically a differentiation defect even though the establishment of normal self-renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
- To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- During the preparation of our manuscript, another group reported that Sirt6 knockout ES cells skewed towards neuroectoderm differentiation [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- But the exact role of Sirt6 in mouse somatic reprogramming and iPS cell differentiation remains unrevealed. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here, we find graded ERK phosphorylation correlating with cell differentiation in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids with and without KRAS mutations. (researchgate.net)
- A stem cell commences as an undifferentiated cell that can either undergo self-renewal, whereby it generates daughter cells that remain as stem cells, or mature into a specific cell type via differentiation (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
- Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
Pathways10
- The structure and structure-based modulation of ADAM17 are also described for better understanding of the various ADAM17 regulatory pathways in different cell types or tissues. (frontiersin.org)
- We observed "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were both enriched in the two breast cancer models while "IGF signaling" and "cell motility" pathways were enriched in BT474 and "amino acid metabolism" were enriched in the SKBR3 cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additional screens for MMTV provirus entry sites in tumors revealed several other upregulated genes that are associated with other gene development pathways such as INT2, INT3, and INT4 [4,5,6]. (chemdiv.com)
- The aim of the present work is to review cumulative evidence regarding the participation of PI3K pathways in neuronal function, focusing on their role in neuronal metabolism and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in neuronal maintenance and plasticity or on the expression of pathological hallmarks associated with neurodegeneration. (mdpi.com)
- this suggests that the novel independent signaling pathways KPNA3-TGF-β-GATA3-HAS2/E-cadherin and KPNA3-AKT-HAS2/E-cadherin are involved in the EMT-mediated progress of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. (bmbreports.org)
- In this study, it was found that KPNA3 regulates numerous EMT-related genes and induces the EMT process via at least two independent signaling pathways in the highly invasive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231. (bmbreports.org)
- Induction of growth factors [interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor) may indirectly activate the AR and/or its downstream signaling pathways (5, 6, 7) . (aacrjournals.org)
- 10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
- Estrogen signaling pathways have been identified as efficient targets of breast cancer therapy, given their key role in promoting breast tumor growth. (scirp.org)
- The Part 2 post in this series is concerned with mainline anti-cancer drug interventions that simultaneously address multiple growth pathways, ones that are entering clinical practice. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Apoptosis23
- Therefore, in this review, we avoid a lengthy repetition of the description of autophagy and cell death processes and focus on the death-promoting roles of autophagy and the intertwined connection between autophagy and apoptosis. (nature.com)
- Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
- Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- acquired defects in the control of apoptosis may lead to a Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the method variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
- For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)
- Evidently, apoptosis is regulated in BT474 via down regulation of Bid and in SKBR3 via up regulation of Calpain-11 as compared to 184A1. (biomedcentral.com)
- We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
- Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
- The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
- Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
- Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
- when Eiger was absent from posterior cells in the wing imaginal disc, apoptosis in anterior cells ceased, indicating that Eiger might signal at long range. (elifesciences.org)
- Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
- This process plays a major role in development and tissue homeostasis, and abnormal regulation of apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases ( Fuchs and Steller, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
- However, apoptosis has been traditionally regarded as a silent process that does not affect surrounding tissues. (elifesciences.org)
- Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
- We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
- cell death #cell death physiology #cll death apoptosis #cell death mechanism #cell death and cell injury #cell death theme #what is apoptosis? (athletic.healthcare)
- MUC16 expression in EOC cells is associated with increased tumorigenesis and inhibiton of genotoxic drug-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- We show that MUC16 attenuates apoptosis, activation of caspase-8 and mitochondria activation in EOC cells in response to TRAIL. (biomedcentral.com)
- Down-regulation of cFLIP following treatment of MUC16-expressing OVCAR3 cells with cFLIP siRNA also increases TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Apoptosis plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis and prevents the development of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pro-caspase-8 activation can directly result in cleavage of caspase-3 to execute apoptosis (type I cells) or cleave Bid to produce a truncated form (tBid), which induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria leading to caspase-9 and subsequent caspase-3 activation (type II cells) as it is the case for EOC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Angiogenesis3
- AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
- Integrins also function in pathological processes such as inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. (thno.org)
- Evading growth suppressors', 'enabling replicative immortality', 'inducing angiogenesis' and 'tumor-promoting inflammation' have not been involved in breast cancer classification which need more focus in the future biomarker-related research. (jcancer.org)
Solid tumors2
- On the other hand, particular attention has been paid recently to the role of gut hormones in the tumorigenesis of various types of solid tumors. (hindawi.com)
- Among a ll, accumulating evidence has shown that ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), may play a crucial role in the development and progression of numerous kinds of solid tumors [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Breast tumors1
- A infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumors in most series. (lookformedical.com)
Biomarkers1
- Besides estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, novel biomarkers have shown their prognostic and predictive values, complicating our understanding towards to the heterogeneity of such cancers. (jcancer.org)
Epithelial7
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key cellular process in which immotile epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal cells through cell polarity loss, cell-cell junction disassembly, and extracellular matrix (ECM) alteration. (bmbreports.org)
- PJS is autosomal-dominant condition caused by mutations of STK11, characterized by gastrointestinal polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation, and predisposition to a range of epithelial cancers: including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, breast, ovarian cancers and sex cord tumors with annular tubules). (cancerindex.org)
- Androgens are necessary for normal prostate cell growth (1) , and in animal models, androgen ablation causes cell atrophy and death of prostate epithelial cells (2) . (aacrjournals.org)
- Likewise, in the early stages of prostate cancer, the growth of cancerous prostatic epithelial cells is often androgen dependent (3) . (aacrjournals.org)
- HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
Metastasis1
- An imbalance in the structural and signaling properties of β-catenin often leads to disease and unregulated growth associated with cancer and metastasis. (chemdiv.com)
Survival6
- In primary tumors, mutations in driver genes frequently provide a survival advantage and give rise to a dominant clonal population. (spandidos-publications.com)
- In this study, we demonstrated that NSCLC-derived CAFs were innately resistant to cisplatin treatment and CAFs-conditioned medium significantly promoted the survival rate of NSCLC cells after cisplatin treatment. (dovepress.com)
- Thanks to its multiple roles, TG2 exerts various biological functions depending on the stimulus, leading to cell death or survival and tissue repair. (encyclopedia.pub)
- In conclusion, the findings of this study show that AG promotes cell survival of the OC cells and renders them resistat to Cis therapy, an effect that is mediated by the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and activation of NF- κ B, and requires GHS-R1a. (hindawi.com)
- Gene expression-based prognostic signatures have a significant effect on predicting the survival of patients with malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer [ 7 ] and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
- Associations of a Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score With Tumor Characteristics and Survival. (cancercentrum.se)
Cellular10
- Autophagy serves as a major cytoprotective process by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cytoplasmic contents. (nature.com)
- This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
- Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)
- The method allows investigators to discriminate whether specific cellular processes are "turned on" or "turned off" in glioblastomas. (neurosciencenews.com)
- We were able to classify glioblastomas based on the type of cellular processes that the cancer cells used to drive tumor growth," said Jie Li, PhD, senior postdoctoral researcher in the Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-Oncology at UC San Diego and co-first author of the paper. (neurosciencenews.com)
- One of these cellular processes involves Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). (neurosciencenews.com)
- Integrin mediated cellular adhesion is dynamic process that is both indicative of and influenced by cell status. (thno.org)
- Resisting cell death', 'genome instability and mutation' and 'deregulating cellular energetics' refine breast cancer classification with their predictive values. (jcancer.org)
- The cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (cFLIP) regulates both recruitment and processing of pro-caspase-8 within the DISC [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- not unique for the embryonic system but are shared by other ogenesis regulation must consider different scales of multi-cellular modeling areas. (lu.se)
Induced plur1
- Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular3
- Programmed cell death (PCD), as described by Lockshin and Williams 14 , is defined as controlled cell death evoked by intracellular systems. (nature.com)
- Integrin ligation via cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix contacts transduces intracellular signaling events in a process called 'outside-in' signaling (Fig. 2 ). (thno.org)
- What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
Malignant3
- Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)
- The focus on identifying specific oncogenes or tumor suppressors that drive malignant transformation embodies the genomic era in cancer research [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Leukemia is a malignant condition involving the excess production of immature or abnormal leukocytes, which eventually suppresses the production of normal blood cells and results in symptoms related to cytopenias. (msdmanuals.com)
Autophagy9
- However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. (nature.com)
- Autophagy/macroautophagy is a lysosome-dependent catabolic process characterized by increased formation of double-membrane autophagosomes for the sequestration of cytoplasmic components and subsequent degradation after autophagosome fusion with lysosomes 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
- Therefore, the relationship between autophagy and cell death remains unclear and warrants further study to harness autophagy for the treatment of various human diseases. (nature.com)
- Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 are known to inhibit autophagy. (nature.com)
- Qu J, Chen Q, Bing Z, Shen S, Hou Y, Lv M, Wang T. C. tropicalis promotes CRC by down-regulating tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 receptor via autophagy. (jcancer.org)
- Mechanistically, we found that C. tropicalis modulates the expression of PD-1 via increasing the autophagy traffic in colon cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
- Combining autophagy inhibitor with C. tropicalis treatment partly blocked the CRC tumor growth and reversed the downregulation of PD-1. (jcancer.org)
- C. tropicalis can down-regulate tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression via enhancing tumor cells autophagy levels to promote CRC progression. (jcancer.org)
- When the concentration of a critical nutrient decreases below a certain threshold because of lack of availability or increased consumption, transcriptional and metabolic programs are triggered to limit anabolic and promote catabolic processes via expression of metabolic enzymes or induction of autophagy and macropinocytosis ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
Immune12
- However, the study of tumor immune heterogeneity holds great potential for clinical immunotherapy. (spandidos-publications.com)
- This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, similar to peripheral macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
- These findings suggest that inter- the apoptotic destruction of lymphocytes and dendritic ventions aimed at reducing the extent of immune cell apop- tosis could improve outcomes for a variety of severe cells could have a particularly adverse effect on disease human infections, including those caused by emerging outcome. (cdc.gov)
- Omburtamab is an investigational, monoclonal antibody that targets B7-H3, an immune checkpoint molecule that is widely expressed in tumor cells of several cancer types. (biospace.com)
- The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor is an immune checkpoint molecule that induces immune tolerance and mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. (jcancer.org)
- It is mainly expressed in immune cells such as T cells, B cells and monocytes. (jcancer.org)
- Moreover, blocking antibody against PD-1 promotes tumor growth both in SW480 cells and mice CRC xenografts in an adaptive immune-independent manner. (jcancer.org)
- It is mainly expressed on mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes [ 7 , 8 ], and it can inhibit T cell function by binding with PD-L1 or PD-L2 ligand, which is mainly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, to induce immune tolerance and limit autoimmunity [ 9 ]. (jcancer.org)
- The same authors have identified two emerging hallmarks, i.e., 'reprogramming of energy metabolism' and 'evading immune destruction', in 2011, and pointed out that all these hallmarks are enabled by two characteristics, i.e., 'genome instability and mutation' and 'tumor-promoting inflammation' [ 12 ]. (jcancer.org)
- The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
- Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
Extracellular3
- There are a number of proteases that possess the potential to degrade both the extracellular matrix and neuronal cells that are in the neighborhood of the microglia releasing these compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). (cancerindex.org)
- The MUC16CTD anchors the protein at the cell surface and consists of a 229 amino acid extracellular region containing a potential proteolytic cleavage site, a 23 residue transmembrane domain, and a 31 amino acid cytoplasmic tail. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic1
- Our proposal is an unprecedented opportunity specifically tailored to patients with BM in which we will obtain detailed tumor blood vessel changes and the genomic basis for such changes during treatment. (abta.org)
Cytokines5
- This is in contrast with the potential neurotrophic (inducing growth of neurons) actions of these cytokines during acute neuroinflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines contribute differently to the neuroinflammatory process after acute brain injury. (wikipedia.org)
- Chemokines are cytokines that stimulate directional migration of inflammatory cells in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
- Members of the ADAM family contribute to various physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulation of molecules like growth factors or cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
- Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Brain tumor2
- Our research suggests that the selection of appropriate therapies for our brain tumor patients will require a meaningful synthesis of genetic and epigenetic information derived from the cancer cell," said co-first author Zachary J. Taich. (neurosciencenews.com)
- This research will be the first of its kind, improving our understanding of brain tumor initiation but also in providing the basis for developing sensitive methods for detecting incipient tumors where no manifestation is evident. (abta.org)
Progression5
- In this investigation we studied gene pair co-expression change by using a stochastic process model for approximating the underlying dynamic procedure of the co-expression change during cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
- Whether C. tropicalis participates in the progression of CRC and immunotherapy resistance through regulating the tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 remains to be further elucidated. (jcancer.org)
- This shows that C. tropicalis promotes CRC progression via controlling the expression of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1. (jcancer.org)
- However, androgen-independent cells are eventually selected during androgen ablation therapy (4) , and progression to an androgen-independent state remains the primary cause of mortality in these patients within an average of 1.5 years. (aacrjournals.org)
- Further compounding this conundrum is the difficulty in accurately assessing response, as an increase in contrast enhancement on standard post-contrast MRI can be seen in treatment-related changes and true tumor progression. (abta.org)
Genetic5
- Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity among tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Multiregional whole-exome or genome sequencing has revealed that there is significant variation in the genetic makeup of tumor cells across different anatomical locations and within the same tumor over time ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- These studies reveal a wide range of genetic tumor heterogeneity in both spatial and temporal dimensions, encompassing diverse single-nucleotide mutations, insertions, deletions and copy number variations ( 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The team of scientists, led by Chen, used a method called comparative gene signature analysis to study the genetic profiles of tumor specimens collected from approximately 900 glioblastoma patients. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Kinase activity1
- Binding of Sema4D to plexin-B1 stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB-2, resulting in the phosphorylation of both plexin-B1 and ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
Mutation1
Cytotoxic2
- On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
- However, all cobra venoms were similarly cytotoxic in both melanoma cells and fibroblasts, limiting their potential medical applications in their native forms. (bvsalud.org)
Migration1
- A novel human anti-AXL monoclonal antibody attenuates tumour cell migration. (cancerindex.org)
Mutations9
- In addition, intrinsic differences in subclonal tumor cells that arise from random mutations can create distinct niches within limited lesions. (spandidos-publications.com)
- By contrast, mutations in noncoding regions do not provide significant growth advantages during tumor evolution ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Those cells, these mutations lead to the next seven patients. (notinovedades.com)
- Mutations in this gene have been associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the growth of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, pigmented macules on the skin and mouth, and other neoplasms. (cancerindex.org)
- Mutations in this gene cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, cognitive disability, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities. (senescence.info)
- Our preliminary data suggest that young healthy people already harbor cells in their brain showing mutations that we know drive brain cancer. (abta.org)
- Acquisition of these mutations by normal cells can lead to microscopic abnormalities starting years before detectable tumors appear. (abta.org)
- By studying the occurrence of early cancer mutations in normal brains, we will establish a roadmap of early-occurring processes that precedes cancer initiation. (abta.org)
- We developed a method that, for the first time, is able to study the complete genome of glial cells and see how they accumulate somatic mutations, starting from fetal life and through older stages. (abta.org)
Monoclonal antibody1
- Moreover, a monoclonal antibody against bovine factor Xa reduced the prothrombin-converting activity of tumor cells. (scielo.br)
Therapies3
- Different breast tumor subtypes have different risk factors, clinical presentation, histopathological features, outcome, and response to systemic therapies [ 3 - 8 ]. (jcancer.org)
- Therapies based on the application of stem cells have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injuries, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)
- However, further studies are required to gain complete understanding of stem cell biology, which is fundamental for the development of successful cell-based therapies 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
Homeostasis4
- PCD has fundamental functions in tissue development and homeostasis, as PCD is activated to sculpt or remove structures, regulate cell numbers, and eliminate unnecessary or dysfunctional cells. (nature.com)
- β-catenin is a multipurpose and evolutionarily conserved molecule that plays a critical role by metazoans in a variety of processes in development and homeostasis. (chemdiv.com)
- These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)
- Likewise, these cells give rise to progenitor cells committed to a particular cell lineage, and play a crucial role in tissue repair and homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
Intestinal mucosa1
- In 1902, Balysis and Startling extracted and identified the first hormone secretin (secreted by cells in the intestinal mucosa), and, in 1927, McGee isolated and purified substances that were androgenic in small amounts (microgram levels). (medscape.com)
Genome4
- This heterogeneity is referred to as 'polymorphism', as tumor cells rapidly undergo mitosis, resulting in the formation of numerous subclones and uncertainty regarding the state of the genome. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Sirt6 was previously reported to regulate many different biological processes like genome stability, glucose metabolism, and tumor suppression [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- A contemporary view of the cancer genome reveals extensive rearrangement compared to normal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Achieving systematic, genome-scale perturbations within intact biological systems is important for elucidating gene function and epigenetic regulation. (cdc.gov)
Fibroblasts2
- Understanding the mechanism underlying the role of tumor stroma, especially cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), during chemoresistance would significantly contribute to the clinical application of chemotherapy agents. (dovepress.com)
- There has been one previous report showing that overexpression of Sirt6 in aged human dermal fibroblasts could improve iPS generation via regulation of miR-766 transcription [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammation4
- The word neuroinflammation has come to stand for chronic, central nervous system (CNS) specific, inflammation-like glial responses that may produce neurodegenerative symptoms such as plaque formation, dystrophic neurite growth, and excessive tau phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
- In this article, we focus on the role of TG2 in cell death, macrophage activation, and tissue repair processes, which are involved in several pathogeneses, including tissue injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
- In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
- Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death triggered by various host and pathogen-derived molecules during infection and inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
Biological processes2
- In this family, TG2 is widely distributed and involved in multiple biological processes. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Androgens are the main physiologic anabolic steroid hormones and normal testosterone levels are necessary for a range of developmental and biological processes, including maintenance of muscle mass. (frontiersin.org)
Including the downregulation1
- The comprehensive transcriptome analysis from KPNA3 knockdown cells indicated that KPNA3 is involved in the regulation of numerous EMT-related genes, including the downregulation of GATA3 and E-cadherin and the up-regulation of HAS2. (bmbreports.org)
Vivo3
- Bortezomib has been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo , and anticancer activity has been seen in cell and animal models for several solid tumor types, including prostate cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- From this pool, 24 distinct heterodimer combinations have been observed in vivo that confer cell-to-cell and cell-to-ligand specificity relevant to the host cell and the environment in which it functions [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
- Until recently, it was believed that they were tissue-specific…however, this concept has been challenged… (multipotent cells) can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into various cell types not only from the tissue of origin" (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Stromal1
- ERK levels are generally higher in cancer cells adjacent to stromal cells at the invasive front and lower in more central areas of cancer specimens. (researchgate.net)
Embryonic12
- Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a branch of a functional network that is involved in a broad range of biological systems including stem cells, embryonic development and adult organs. (chemdiv.com)
- On a macro scale, the two classifications of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
- Embryonic stem cells have the unique ability to exist in an undifferentiated state indefinitely while also being pluripotent. (papersowl.com)
- This pluripotency enables these cells to produce daughter cells of all differentiated somatic cell types, germ cells, and cells of all three embryonic germ layers (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
- To delve further into the specifics, embryonic and adult stem cells fall into potency categories reflecting their ability to differentiate: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent. (papersowl.com)
- Totipotent stem cells contain all the constituents necessary to produce a living being, given that these cells can supply all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues required for proper growth (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
- Using these definitions, embryonic stem cells can be classified as totipotent or pluripotent at different developmental stages and locations, whereas adult stem cells can be categorized as pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent (Figure 1). (papersowl.com)
- In the early 1980s, scientists began to exploit two major classes of stem cells: embryonic and non-embryonic, or adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
- Marking a vast leap in reproductive therapy, it became possible to isolate these human embryonic stem cells for reproductive purposes, such as in vitro fertilization. (papersowl.com)
- However, the crowning achievement arose in 2006 when researchers at Kyoto University discovered the necessary means to reprogram differentiated adult cells to possess embryonic stem cell-like functionality, as if reversing time itself. (papersowl.com)
- The methodology included inducing differentiated somatic cells with the primary genes responsible for embryonic stem cell potency. (papersowl.com)
- A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
Characteristics2
- And later both our group and others reported that Sirt1 can promote the efficiency of reprogramming and maintain characteristics of iPS cell [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The agents documented and list- ed that carcinogens commonly show tween tumour sites in humans and ed as carcinogenic to humans one or more of 10 key characteristics experimental animals. (who.int)
Initiation1
- Is there a hallmark 'glycosylation signature' that characterizes the initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs in physiologic and pathologic settings? (nature.com)
Ligands1
- DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Stem cell9
- Specific stem cell types possess unique potencies, or abilities to self-renew. (papersowl.com)
- That is to say, one type of stem cell may be capable of differentiating into all adult cell types, while another may only be capable of maturing into one specific somatic cell type. (papersowl.com)
- A pluripotent stem cell has the potential to form all cells of the embryo, but cannot form a placenta. (papersowl.com)
- and stem cell regeneration. (lu.se)
- At the end of 2023, researchers at Lund Stem Cell Center received funding amounting to SEK 77.5 million from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society, and the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund. (lu.se)
- At Lund Stem Cell Center, researchers are using innovative approaches to advance the field, offering exciting possibilities for the future. (lu.se)
- We hope that this new method will foster a culture of proactive health management and shift the paradigm towards preventive care, in addition to paving the way for more effective treatments," says Sandra Linstedt, research group leader at Lund Stem Cell Center. (lu.se)
- Some adult stem cell niches have already been described, but the majority of them remain unclear, including the dental pulp stem cell niches. (bvsalud.org)
- Stem cell niche. (bvsalud.org)
Chemotherapy resistance1
- Our previous studies have found that Candida tropicalis ( C. tropicalis ) can promote CRC tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance to oxaliplatin by regulating mismatch repair system. (jcancer.org)
Gene expression1
- By contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was demonstrated to markedly downregulate HGF gene expression ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Viability2
- Knockdown of PD-1 enhanced SW480 viability in-vitro, while overexpression of PD-1 diminished cell viability. (jcancer.org)
- Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
Regulate3
- Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
- We also demonstrated that high concentrations of C. tropicalis can down-regulate tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression in colon cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
Evading growth suppressors1
- Cancer cells exhibit a number of common traits that differentiate themselves from normal cells, including sustained proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and evading growth suppressors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Induce1
- Thus, carcinogens nogenic are polycyclic aromatic hy- to induce DNA damage, it can be may act not only by producing DNA drocarbons and benzene, which by cal ed a genotoxicant or a genotox- damage directly but also by altering themselves are relatively inert chem- in, and if it is shown that the agent the processes that control normal ical y. (who.int)
Mechanism2
- AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
- In conclusion, the data strongly suggest that MV3 cells recruit factor Xa from the culture medium, triggering an uncommon procoagulant mechanism. (scielo.br)
Pathological2
- It is somatically expressed in mammalian organisms and its proteolytic action influences several physiological and pathological processes. (frontiersin.org)
- Pathological processes of the BREAST . (lookformedical.com)
Androgens1
- Juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney produce erythropoietin in response to decreased oxygen delivery (as in anemia or hypoxia) or increased levels of androgens. (msdmanuals.com)
Metabolic2
- Overall, this gain-of-function approach using human cells uncovered functional transporter-nutrient relationships and revealed that transport activity up-regulation may be sufficient to overcome environmental metabolic restrictions. (life-science-alliance.org)
- ture of the mistake, the flanking se- in a process termed metabolic acti- quence, the presence of DNA dam- vation ( Mil er, 1970 ). (who.int)
Cancer22
- Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to the treatment and management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (dovepress.com)
- 4 As the primary type of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits multiple histological types, such as bronchoalveolar carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. (dovepress.com)
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
- Human A2780 ovarian cancer cells were cultured with or without AG treatment in the presence or absence of cisplatin. (hindawi.com)
- NEW YORK, Aug. 06, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Y-mAbs Therapeutics Inc. , Inc. (the "Company" or "Y-mAbs") (Nasdaq: YMAB), a late-stage clinical biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of novel, antibody-based therapeutic products for the treatment of cancer, today announced that on August 5, 2020, the Company completed the submission of its Biologics License Application ("BLA") under the FDA's Rolling Review process for omburtamab. (biospace.com)
- Acquiring one of the hallmarks of cancer is associated with activating/deactivating particular genes, called oncogenes/tumor suppressors. (biomedcentral.com)
- These findings provide new insights into the divergent EMT inducibility of KPNA3 according to cell and cancer type. (bmbreports.org)
- In recent years, studies have shown that tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 plays different roles in the development of melanoma, Liver cancer and lung cancer. (jcancer.org)
- However, the expression and function of PD-1 in colon cancer cells has not been reported. (jcancer.org)
- Adequate nutrition study of the german pathologist hans d, which results in breast- cancer cells. (notinovedades.com)
- i.e ., radiation or chemotherapy) provide temporary palliation, but eventually prostate cancer cells become resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, with ensuing failure to control tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
- There is a growing interest to guide cancer therapy by sequencing the DNA of the cancer cell," said Clark Chen, MD, PhD, vice-chairman of Research and Academic Development, UC San Diego Division of Neurosurgery and the principal investigator of the study. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Instead, EGFR is turned off as a result of how the DNA encoding the EGFR gene is organized in the cancer cell. (neurosciencenews.com)
- This approach set the basis for therapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating aberrantly glycosylated cancer cells. (nature.com)
- Breast cancer is a complex disease encompassing multiple tumor entities, each characterized by distinct morphology, behavior and clinical implications. (jcancer.org)
- As tumors are not conceivable as a single disease, breast cancer with different diagnostic features should differ in the hallmarks controlling their clinical differences. (jcancer.org)
- Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents most of the diagnoses of lung cancer. (researchgate.net)
- Cancer Cell? (senescence.info)
- Defects in this gene are implicated in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. (senescence.info)
- Prostate cancer, like other cancers, is an extremely complex process. (medscape.com)
- Through their efforts, we are gaining a better understanding of cancer formation and developing diagnostic tools for early detection, while also exploring ways to prevent tumor growth and much more. (lu.se)
- The project funded by Cancerfonden, will focus on using exhaled breath particles as a non-invasive method for diagnosing and monitoring non-small-cell lung cancer. (lu.se)
Tyrosine1
- A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. (lookformedical.com)