• B-cell activating factor ( BAFF ) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • BAFF is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. (wikidoc.org)
  • [4] BAFF is the natural ligand of three unusual tumor necrosis factor receptors named BAFF-R (BR3), TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), all of which have differing binding affinities for it. (wikidoc.org)
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
  • A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype that has specificity for TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA and LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA. (childrensmercy.org)
  • It is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is a key mediator of tumor necrosis factor signaling in the vast majority of cells. (childrensmercy.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I" by people in this website by year, and whether "Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Progressive biliary destruction is independent of a functional tumor necrosis factor-alpha pathway in a rhesus rotavirus-induced murine model of biliary atresia. (childrensmercy.org)
  • CD46 deficiency contributes to inflammation disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • Her Immunology study focuses mostly on Inflammation and Complement. (research.com)
  • Her study in Immunology concentrates on Complement, Inflammation, Complement receptor, Classical complement pathway and Complement membrane attack complex. (research.com)
  • Endothelial injury can trigger activation of the complement system, promoting inflammation and the development of endothelial injury syndromes, ultimately leading to organ damage and failure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD46 is an inhibitory complement receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note the image below, as well as the article Pediatric Complement Receptor Deficiency may be helpful. (medscape.com)
  • Her Innate immune system research focuses on Classical complement pathway and how it connects with T cell, Complement receptor and Acquired immune system. (research.com)
  • As a part of the same scientific study, she usually deals with the Cell biology, concentrating on Decay-accelerating factor and frequently concerns with Complement receptor 1. (research.com)
  • CR2/CD21 interacts with C3b degradation products C3dg and C3d and can act synergistically with the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) in B-cell activation. (medscape.com)
  • For example, production of autoantibodies that bind to and stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor cause the thyrotoxicosis of Graves' Disease, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is thought to inhibit thyroid function and promote complement deposition and thyroid destruction ( 2 ). (silverchair.com)
  • CD46 complement regulatory protein also known as CD46 (cluster of differentiation 46) and Membrane Cofactor Protein is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD46 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and is a regulatory part of the complement system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The encoded protein has cofactor activity for inactivation (through cleavage) of complement components C3b and C4b by serum factor I, which protects the host cell from damage by complement. (wikipedia.org)
  • As has been demonstrated for CD46 with other ligands, the CD46 protein structure is believed to linearize upon binding HHV-6. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are single-chain molecules present on host cellular membranes and belong to the complement control protein family. (medscape.com)
  • The complement system is a tightly regulated, cascading protein network representing a key component linking the innate and humoral immune systems. (jrheum.org)
  • 7 - 9 A TMA is called "primary" when a genetic or acquired defect in a complement protein is identified (as in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome [aHUS]) or "secondary" when occurring in the context of another disease process or factor such as infection, autoimmune disease, malignancy, or drugs. (jrheum.org)
  • The complement system is a tightly regulated, cascading protein network that performs multiple roles in homeostasis and disease prevention and is a key component of both the innate and the humoral immune systems. (jrheum.org)
  • Searching for more direct proof to implicate thymic myoid and/or epithelial cells in the response, we now have looked for symptoms of go with attack in it and for appearance from the complement-regulatory protein CD46, Compact disc55, and Compact disc59. (kentlandsinitiative.org)
  • A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The initial characterization of this protein revealed one identifiable heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) and an indeterminate smaller light chain. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Our cell cultures were strongly positive for CD46, CD47, CD56 and CD63 and were also strongly positive for some markers never described before in mesothelioma cell lines, including CD55, CD90 and CD99. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Antigens, CD47" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)
  • On the other hand, the proliferation of oncolytic viruses into target cells and subsequent recognition of viral elements by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors can positively affect the development of the innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells (Fig. 1 ) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presence of TAMs in most solid tumors is correlated with poor prognosis and overall survival of patients ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to TAMs, solid tumors are also infiltrated by immunosuppressive, immature myeloid progenitor cells, commonly referred to as monocytic or polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M/PMN-MDSC) ( 11 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) include complement and complement receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)
  • Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
  • 10 This distinction is not absolute because genetic defects in complement proteins have been identified in secondary TMA. (jrheum.org)
  • With increasingly high therapeutic efficacy being achieved recent years and owing to the unique features such as specific tumor tropism, low cytotoxicity against normal cells, OVT has been inviting a great attention as an ideal weapon against cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The complement system, interacting with its regulatory molecules and cellular receptors, plays a central role in the induction and regulation of immunity. (medscape.com)
  • Complement receptors have only been identified in the last 2 decades. (medscape.com)
  • Four distinct complement receptors, CR1, CR2, CR3, and CR4, have been described for the surface-bound complement fraction C3 and its cleavage fragments. (medscape.com)
  • Complement and complement receptors play a critical role in immune defense by initiating the rapid destruction of invading microorganisms, amplifying the innate and adaptive immune responses, and mediating solubilization and clearance of immune complexes. (medscape.com)
  • The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The efficacy of a therapeutic antibody depends on the Fab fragment and its binding activity to the target antigen, but also depends on the Fc fragment and its interaction with key Fc receptors.Therefore, candidates must be tested against a panel of receptors during antibody engineering. (acrobiosystems.com)
  • Graves' Disease results from the production of autoantibodies against receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid epithelial cells, and represents the prototype for numerous autoimmune diseases caused by autoantibodies that bind to organ-specific cell membrane antigens. (silverchair.com)
  • Established medulloblastoma (a malignant brain tumor common in childhood) specimens express CD46, and that medulloblastoma specimens removed from patients had a high level of CD46 expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared with conventional cancer treatments, the main advantage of oncolytic virotherapy is its tumor-selective replication followed by the destruction of malignant cells without damaging healthy cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, these immunotherapeutic approaches are hampered by the tumor-promoting nature of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neutrophils also contribute to tumor progression, yet establishing the difference between PMN-MDSCs and tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) remains challenging ( 11 , 15 , 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A further complicating factor is the cross-talk between complement, neutrophils, and coagulation pathways in the pathophysiology of TMA. (jrheum.org)
  • YS5, a human full-length IgG1 with high specificity for CD46, was identified to have high binding affinity for prostate cancer tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • By the genetic recombination the viruses were conferred with high specificity against tumor cells without targeting normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene is found in a cluster on chromosome 1q32 with other genes encoding structural components of the complement system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising anti-tumor modality that utilizes oncolytic viruses (OVs) to preferentially attack cancers rather than normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • OVs, which are advancing into clinical trials, are being envisioned as the frontier clinical anti-tumor agents coming soon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this case, the stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent immunogenic cell death (ICD) process in OVs-infected cells elicit a range of anti-tumor immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However all the cell lines established so far were grown in medium containing at least 10% serum, and it has been shown that primary cell lines cultured under these conditions lose their ability to differentiate, acquire gene expression profiles that differ from that of tissue specific stem cells or the primary tumor they derive from, and in some cases are neither clonogenic nor tumorigenic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical and demographic data, with special attention to sex, age, primary tumor, brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), number and brain location of BMs, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), the updated DS-GPA prognostic index and the survival estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier model from the date of radiosurgery were analyzed. (preprints.org)
  • In the univariate analysis, primary tumor, age and the presence of metastases in the posterior fossa (PFBMs) were also significative. (preprints.org)
  • Other variables such as the type of primary tumor, age and PFBMs could also influence survival, although further studies are needed. (preprints.org)
  • Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • 8 , 11 - 14 Numerous stimuli can drive the activation of the complement system, including apoptotic debris, pathogens, and antibody-antigen complexes, in addition to ischemia-reperfusion injuries associated with organ transplantation. (jrheum.org)
  • 4 , 13 Complement plays a crucial role in host defense against foreign bodies by promoting phagocyte-mediated clearance of cell debris through activation of an inflammatory response, opsonization of pathogens, and lysis of susceptible bacteria and cells. (jrheum.org)
  • Claire L. Harris spends much of her time researching Complement system, Factor H, Immunology, Innate immune system and Alternative complement pathway. (research.com)
  • Claire L. Harris combines subjects such as Molecular biology, Innate immune system, Disease and Macular degeneration with her study of Complement system. (research.com)
  • Advancements in the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of aHUS paved the way for the successful development of anticomplement therapies (complement C5 inhibitors), which have revolutionized the treatment of aHUS. (jrheum.org)
  • Several complement inhibitors targeting various complement pathways are in clinical trials for the treatment of HSCT-TMA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of the complement cascade always leads to the enzymatic cleavage of complement fraction C3, which is important in host defense to bacterial infections and phagocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Activation of the lectin pathway may also trigger the coagulation cascade via MASP-2 cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds specifically to CD30 ANTIGEN. (wakehealth.edu)
  • To study how humoral tolerance is normally maintained to organ-specific membrane antigens, transgenic mice were generated selectively expressing membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) on the thyroid epithelium. (silverchair.com)
  • In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • PRR on myeloid cells can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also indirectly by secondary mechanisms such as complement activation and circulating antibodies (Abs), resulting in cytolytic and phagocytic effector mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) specifically induce cancer cells death by infection of and spreading on tumor cells through different mechanisms such as direct lysis effect or adjacent cells fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results provide evidence that tolerance is not actively acquired to organ-specific antigens in the preimmune B cell repertoire, underscoring the importance of maintaining tolerance to such antigens by other mechanisms. (silverchair.com)
  • Claire L. Harris has included themes like Odds ratio, Alternative complement pathway, Lysosome, Fibrinogen and Immunology in her Macular degeneration study. (research.com)
  • The role of complement dysregulation on vascular endothelial cells has been well established in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and target organ injury. (jrheum.org)
  • Defective gene expression of the membrane complement inhibitor CD46 in patients with progressive immunoglobulin A nephropathy. (edu.pl)
  • Activation of the complement system occurs through the classical (CP), lectin (LP), or alternative (AP) pathways. (jrheum.org)
  • The ability of OVs to selectively infect tumor cells is mainly associated with the disruption of type-I interferon pathway, which represents the first line of defense against viral infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together, activation of complement and the coagulation cascade lead to a procoagulant state that may result in development of HSCT-TMA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At that time, the application of tumor treatment with the spontaneous viruses or wild type viruses which quite often being scavenged by immune system, merely induces a subtle inhibition to tumor progression in patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They tend to enhance the effects of complement and are highly important in the binding of opsonized immune complexes on B cells. (medscape.com)
  • With the understanding particularly in the characteristics of viruses and tumor cells, numerous innovative OVs have been engineered to conquer cancers, such as Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) and tasadenoturev (DNX-2401). (biomedcentral.com)
  • OVT has its unique advantages and prospects, because oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and replicate in tumor cells and destroy them, while leaving healthy cells largely untouched [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meanwhile, these non-engineered viruses sometimes inevitably infect and spread to normal tissues, indiscriminately killed both tumor and normal cells, causing a series of unpredicted side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the arsenal of defense strategies against foreign invaders, myeloid cells succumb to the instructions of an established tumor. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immune cells abundantly infiltrate tumors, creating a complex environment mediated by repetitive cycles of antitumor responses and immune evasion ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Although tumor-promoting functions have been attributed to other granulocytes, like eosinophils ( 17 ), basophils ( 18 ) and mast cells ( 19 ), further research is required to fully elucidate their role in cancer, as antitumoral roles have also been described ( 20 , 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Nevertheless, the majority of scientific discoveries points toward a more tumor-supporting role for myeloid cells in the TME. (frontiersin.org)
  • The identification of new mesothelioma markers may be useful for diagnosis and/or prognosis of this neoplasia as well as for isolation of mesothelioma tumor initiating cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This stress condition can also lead to the attraction of immune cells, notably antigen presenting cells (APCs) (i.e. immature dendritic cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), and cytotoxic T-cells to the site of infection [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Schematic illustration of the multimodality role of virotheranostics in treatment and tracking of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virus-based immunostimulatory cytokine and chemokine expression can recruit and activate T cells, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and natural killer (NK) cells, and subsequently, improve the therapeutic activity of OVs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, the lectin pathway of complement is activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) on the surface of injured endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pattern-recognition molecules such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectins, and ficolins-collectively termed lectins-bind to DAMPs on injured host cells, forming activation complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases 1, 2, and 3 (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endothelial injury triggers activation of the complement system-significantly through the lectin pathway-via altered cell-surface patterns on injured endothelial cells, initiating an inflammatory response [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Involved in activated KRAS-mediated transcriptional activation of USP28 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. (cusabio.com)
  • The role of an intact endothelial barrier in sequestering organ-specific antigens from circulating preimmune B cells is discussed. (silverchair.com)
  • When transplanted into cynomolgus monkeys, the kidneys with three glycan antigen knockouts alone experienced poor graft survival, whereas those with glycan antigen knockouts and human transgene expression demonstrated significantly longer survival time, suggesting the benefit of human transgene expression in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Donor-specific antibodies bind with high affinity to the vascular endothelium of graft and activate complement . (wikidoc.org)
  • Further assessment of intratumoral/systemic cisplatin concentration is required to quantify its selective delivery to the tumor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead of developing your own assays, explore our kits and services to quickly quantify viral antigens! (acrobiosystems.com)
  • 10 This review aims to provide an assessment of the nature and extent of complement involvement in the underlying pathophysiology of TMA associated with autoimmune diseases that will help to stratify patients for targeted therapy. (jrheum.org)
  • This review aims to provide an assessment of the nature and extent of complement involvement in TMA associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and scleroderma renal crisis. (jrheum.org)
  • Assessment of tumor growth in vivo showed that FUS following cisplatin administration resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth, whereas the administration of cisplatin alone exhibited plateau growth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since then, a companion molecular imaging agent for CD46-targeted therapy has been developed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The scientists have been pursuing the ideal tumor prevention and treatment strategies all the time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While tumor imaging and radiotherapy strategies are crucial for tumor identification and treatment, the presence of metastasis and radiation resistance has reduced the efficacy of treatment in cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, a clearer understanding of the role of the complement system in TMA associated with other conditions will help to identify patients who would benefit from these therapies. (jrheum.org)
  • 4 How can the immune system be harnessed to target tumors? (technologynetworks.com)
  • Her Complement system research integrates issues from Proteases, Biochemistry, Binding site and Cell biology. (research.com)
  • Claire L. Harris focuses on Disease, Tissue homeostasis, Eculizumab, Complement system and Drug development. (research.com)
  • In this article, we review the role of the complement system in HSCT-TMA pathogenesis, with a focus on the lectin pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we discuss evidence for the role of lectin pathway activation in endothelial injury-associated complications of HSCT and how targeting complement activity may provide therapeutic benefit for patients with HSCT-TMA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The porcine donor was engineered to carry 69 genomic edits, eliminating glycan antigens, overexpressing human transgenes and inactivating porcine endogenous retroviruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genetically encoded Ca2+ -sensor reveals details of porcine endothelial cell activation upon contact with human serum. (unibe.ch)
  • [ 2 ] T cell-derived complement C3a and CD46 activation is required for Th1 induction. (medscape.com)
  • Each distinct CD4 + T-cell subset has a specific function and can mainly be distinguished by its cytokine profile, the expression pattern of cell surface molecules, and the activation of specific transcription factors 8 . (nature.com)
  • In this regard, tumor cell lines development has been an important tool to study the biological properties of many tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other established methods, such as flow cytometry, can then provide extra data regarding immune cell phenotype, activation, and function. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in CNV mice without or with YAP siRNA intravitreal injection and the colocalization of PCNA and CD31 were measured with western blotting and immunofluorescent double staining, respectively. (molvis.org)
  • Yet, a great deal of complexity exists around the role of complement in TMA associated with other diseases. (jrheum.org)
  • Defining the role of complement in TMA in these conditions will help to guide timely diagnosis and management. (jrheum.org)
  • Recently, CD46 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine types of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (wikipedia.org)
  • Such a vaccine has already been tested in a number of trials involving other tumor types which have a high expression of CD46, including one type of adult brain tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Complement, a target for therapy in inflammatory and degenerative diseases. (research.com)
  • In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display an array of phenotypes beyond the M1/M2 paradigm, ranging from antitumoral to immunosuppressive, proangiogenic, immunomodulatory and tissue-remodeling phenotypes ( 7 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Her Tissue homeostasis research includes elements of Risk analysis, Clinical trial, Complement and Drug discovery. (research.com)
  • The extracellular region of CD46 contains four short consensus repeats (SCR) of about 60 amino acids that fold into a compact beta-barrel domain surrounded by flexible loops. (wikipedia.org)