• These toxins bind to globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), a glycolipid receptor molecule on the surface of endothelial cells in the gut, kidney, and, occasionally, other organs. (medscape.com)
  • Differential expression of Gb3 on glomerular capillaries compared with other endothelial cells may explain the predominance of renal injury. (medscape.com)
  • Damaged endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries release vasoactive and platelet-aggregating substances. (medscape.com)
  • The endothelial cells swell, and fibrin is deposited on the injured vessel walls. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, the lectin pathway of complement is activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) on the surface of injured endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endothelial injury triggers activation of the complement system-significantly through the lectin pathway-via altered cell-surface patterns on injured endothelial cells, initiating an inflammatory response [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • COVID-19 is a unique disease characterized by extensive lung thrombosis, long-term persistence of viral RNA in pneumocytes and endothelial cells, along with the presence of infected cell syncytia. (senorcafe.com)
  • We explored whether LPL affects (a) lipoprotein transport across bovine aortic endothelial cells or (b) lipoprotein binding to subendothelial cell matrix (retention). (jci.org)
  • They include endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the case of the ⫽ endothelial cells men, there was also a delay, but of only 3 years. (gotomydoctor.com)
  • In this study, the crosstalk between stromal cells and tumor cells was investigated in vitro in order to reveal factors that are present in PF which can mediate MPE formation and aid in discriminating between benign and malignant etiologies. (bvsalud.org)
  • They're made up of stromal cells as well as a diverse collection of immune cell types in a variety of cell states. (mdanderson.org)
  • She says the demand is particularly high for tools to characterize the complex tumor microenvironment and interactions between tumor cells, immune cells and stromal cells. (mdanderson.org)
  • The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory properties and a high regenerative capacity. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to tumor cells, there are also other components such as stromal cells, inflammatory cells, vasculature, and the extracellular matrix [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We are now aware that lung cancer tissues are rich in nontumor cells, of which stromal cells significantly regulate tumor proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Over the last decade, significant investigation in the MM field has demonstrated that the interaction of malignant PCs with BM stromal cells within the microenvironment is essential for survival of the PC clone [ 5 , 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • describes a novel signaling pathway involving Notch1 and its ligand, Δ-like ligand-4 (DLL4) in driving platelet activation and thrombus formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Platelet activation and thrombus formation are under the control of signaling systems that integrate cellular homeostasis with cytoskeletal dynamics. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • Treatment of normal mesothelial MeT-5A cells with malignant PF increased cell viability, proliferation, and migration, and activated different survival-related signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • A gain of function screen for genes that enable proliferation independently of matrix anchorage identified a cell adhesion molecule PVRL4 (poliovirus-receptor-like 4), also known as Nectin-4. (elifesciences.org)
  • that critically influences cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis ( Miele and Osborne, 1999 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Likewise, they have the ability to activate the angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the main cell types involved in skin regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of interest, MM-derived MVs were enriched with the biologically active form of CD147, a transmembrane molecule previously shown by us to be crucial for MM cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
  • In summary, this study demonstrates the significance of MV shedding and MV-mediated intercellular communication on malignant plasma cell proliferation, and identifies the role of MV-enriched CD147 in this process. (oncotarget.com)
  • There are multiple mechanisms and differential diagnosis includes: artifactual thrombocytopenia, accelerated platelet destruction (intra- or extra-corpuscular anomalies), deficient production (bone marrow failure, disordered proliferation or thrombopoietin deficiency), and abnormal distribution (disorders associated with splenomegaly or dilution in massive transfusions) ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, which is characterized by lipid accumulation, leukocyte infiltration and smooth muscle cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thrombocytopenia is a common feature of hemorrhagic fevers and vascular permeability disorders ( 8 ), but the decrease in platelet counts in acute LF is not low enough to cause spontaneous hemorrhage. (cdc.gov)
  • Rates of complete remission (CR), prognosis and survival depend on the grade of anemia, thrombocytopenia, white blood cell expansion and karyotypes. (nature.com)
  • We suggest that the anti-HIV-1gp120 antiidiotype-like complex contributes to the markedly elevated platelet Ig and C3 level of HIV-1-ITP patients and propose that this may contribute to their thrombocytopenia. (jci.org)
  • Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by isolated low platelet count and it is a diagnosis of exclusion, contrasting to secondary ITP. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thrombocytopenia is defined as a low number of platelets. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction and impaired production of platelets, with isolated thrombocytopenia. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, the case of a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma evolving from grade 3a follicular lymphoma, who maintained a complete response for 4-years, and then presented with severe isolated thrombocytopenia, is reported. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Investigations at admission revealed severe thrombocytopenia (PLT=3x10 9 /l), normal white blood cell count and hemoglobin, without any significant changes in hepatic and renal function tests, electrolyte levels, or coagulation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The stiffness is contingent on tumor extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been increasingly recognized as more than just a minor player in the constitution, development and regulation of the tumor microenvironment [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Importantly, LOX family oxidases (LOX and its family members, LOX-like proteins 1-4) are abnormally expressed in tumors and act as modifiers of the mechanical properties in the tumor microenvironment [ 12 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • They also provide insights into the interactions between tertiary lymphoid structures, cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. (mdanderson.org)
  • Through them, the cells modify their microenvironment and the behavior of neighboring cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor purity-related coexpression factors in the tumor microenvironment have essential clinical, genomic, and biological significance in lung cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumor microenvironment possesses complexity because of a mixture of growth-promoting and inhibiting growth factors, nutrients, chemokines, and other noncancer types, which interact with each other and associate with tumor growth, disease progression, drug resistance, and especially, infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor growth [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We explored the coexpression factors most related to tumor purity and related biological functions and demonstrated the most relevant biological functions and mechanism of action affecting tumor purity in the lung cancer tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • The observation of this intercellular communication and that MM cells modify the microenvironment is highly suggestive that one of the first biologically relevant changes necessary for progression of MGUS or SMM to MM is for a member(s) of the clone to evolve and acquire the molecular changes needed to reprogram its immediate microenvironment into a supportive, growth-promoting microenvironment. (oncotarget.com)
  • Through these pathways activated platelets are accumulated in the follicular vessels surrounding the follicle and due to its released soluble molecules (factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters) locally increase oocyte maturation and hormone secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In disseminated cancer, hypercoagulability is due to secretion of thrombogenic factors by tumour necrotic cells. (senorcafe.com)
  • Consistent with M1 polarization, the MWCNTs induced the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-1, and proinflammatory LMs leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (cdc.gov)
  • One of the things that you did as a first was to demonstrate that one can prevent organ specific metastasis of malignant cells by blocking the specific interaction between fibronectin and the integrin receptor. (nih.gov)
  • DLL-4, in turn, instigated neighbouring platelets to switch to 'activated' phenotype through cleavage of Notch receptor and release of its intracellular domain (NICD), which was averted by inhibition of γ-secretase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). (elifesciences.org)
  • Inhibition of Notch signaling, too, restrained agonist-induced platelet activation, and significantly impaired arterial thrombosis in mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • We find that U87 mg electrotaxis is abolished under pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ, mTOR, AKT and ErbB2 signaling, whereas DAOY cell electrotaxis was not attenuated by these or other pathways evaluated. (nature.com)
  • Neither affinity-purified Ab1 nor Ab2 binds to platelets. (jci.org)
  • However, the combination of Ab1 and Ab2 (preincubated for 2 h at 22 degrees C) binds to platelets in a saturation-dependent manner at an optimum ratio range of 10-20:1. (jci.org)
  • A growing number of data confirming an important role of the fibrinolytic system in tumor progression and metastasis has been reported. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
  • In the process of malignant transformation, progression and metastasis of tumors, the ECM is modified by many enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) family oxidases. (ijbs.com)
  • Although most patients with localized tumors can be cured with surgical therapies, 20-30 % of the patients without any evidence of metastasis will develop relapse and/or metastatic RCC in the future [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor cells can utilize platelets to promote their own infiltration and hematogenous metastasis, and platelets are activated and aggregated in this process. (qxmd.com)
  • This is of great significance for predicting tumor metastasis before timely treatments. (qxmd.com)
  • Significant differences in immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune-related factors were also detected between risk groups, and elevated scores of cytokines and failure factors were detected in single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Approximately 15%-20% of COVID-19 patients develop severe symptoms and exhibit systemic hyperinflammation with elevated cytokine levels and lung immune cell infiltration, which may result in acute damage to capillaries and lung epithelia/alveoli [4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • With the development of bioinformatics in recent years and the acquisition of open lung cancer cohorts, it becomes possible to evaluate tumor purity content in the samples according to the estimated infiltration of stromal and immune cells ESTIMATE algorithm [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Hepatic parasitic fibrosis caused by E. multilocularis PSCs is a host response associated with immune cell infiltration which activates the differentiation of HSCs into fibroblasts [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some solid tumors are characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening, which is related to solid tumor progression and aggression. (ijbs.com)
  • Research has shown that some solid tumors are stiffer than their surrounding tissues, and tumor stiffness is related to solid tumor progression and aggression [ 7 , 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Solid tumors frequently have copy number gains of the PVRL4 locus and some have focal amplifications. (elifesciences.org)
  • They're often found at sites of inflammation, including in a variety of solid tumors. (mdanderson.org)
  • Cancer occurs when cells that have lost their ability to stop dividing, grow in an out-of-control manner and form tumors. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • This behavior is particularly evident in the cells that divide aggressively to form tumors that subsequently migrate and colonize other tissues around the body. (elifesciences.org)
  • We previously described up-regulated expression of podoplanin in malignant astrocytic tumors including glioblastoma. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. (oncotarget.com)
  • CD86,along with CD80/B7-1.is an important accessory molecule in T cell costimulation via it's interaciton with CD28 and CD152/CTLA4.Since CD86 has rapid kinetics of induction.it is believed to be the major CD28 ligand expressed early in the immune response.it is also found on malignant Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg(HRS) cells in Hodgkin's disease. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • The concept of a non-contact force being able to direct a cell's motility is potentially interesting for brain cancer therapy when you consider that controlling tumor dispersion-or possibly undoing it-could be a major boon to the management of brain tumors. (nature.com)
  • Although a coagulation profile (prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], and fibrinogen) should also be evaluated, its clinical value is unclear when the platelet count is 100,000/mm 3 or more with no evidence of bleeding. (medscape.com)
  • Fibrinolytic enzymes and metalloproteinases are involved in various physiological and pathological processes that require tissue remodeling and cell migration. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
  • Previous studies showed that P-selectin-mediated platelet accumulation in CRC tissue may up-regulate LOX expression. (ijbs.com)
  • Epithelial tissue is one of the four major types of tissue found in animals, and is the only type of tissue that is able to form and maintain layers of cells that are just one cell thick. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is estimated that up to 90% of cancers in humans originate in epithelial tissue, and the cells within such tumors are known to survive and divide even when they are no longer attached to the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our approach of course is if you could prevent the tumor cells from attaching to the foreign tissue and penetrating the foreign tissue and by using inhibitors that block adhesion by molecules you could hopefully do that and that's what we demonstrated -- that you can do in animal models. (nih.gov)
  • P-selectin, soluble endothelial protein C receptor, soluble thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, ADAMTS-13, von Willebrand factor, tissue factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 were more elevated in LF patients than in controls. (cdc.gov)
  • Pathologic changes seen on autopsy lack major cell and tissue injury but include signs of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, ascites, and gastrointestinal mucosa bleeding ( 5 , 6 ), all indications of systemic vascular leakage. (cdc.gov)
  • The signal (PAF, or other tissue/cell specific factors) comes from the stimulated (by the e.g., hypophyseal hormones, bacteria, external factors, etc.) organs or cells, and activates platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • they also reveal how things move and interact within it, providing a more vivid tissue context for cells. (mdanderson.org)
  • Finally, expression levels of these factors were measured at tissue and single-cell levels. (hindawi.com)
  • The structure of tumor tissue is complex. (hindawi.com)
  • Organ damage typically occurs because of tissue inflammation and reaction to the cytokines and chemokines released by the eosinophils as well as to immune cells that are recruited to the tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 100 × 10 9 /L]), usually with eosinophilic leukemia, develop complications when eosinophils form aggregates that occlude small blood vessels, causing tissue ischemia and microinfarctions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • internal or external triggers and/or stimuli may complement and connect regulatory pathways aimed towards target tissues and/or cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Western blot analysis was performed to study Boswellia sacra essential oil-regulated proteins involved in apoptosis, signaling pathways, and cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consistently, the essential oil represses signaling pathways and cell cycle regulators that have been proposed as therapeutic targets for breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The way in which where mTOR pathways immediate actin redesigning and cell motion are not realized but may involve a colocalization of S6K1 with actin tension fibers18 aswell as actin redesigning proteins such as for example Rac1. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • It is well known, that platelets have an armament of soluble molecules, factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters in their granules, and have multiple adhesion molecules and receptors on their surface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Platelets have specialized adhesion mechanisms that make them able to take part in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High shear stress in stenotic atherosclerotic arteries cause platelet adhesion leading to the development of arterial thrombosis and cardiovascular events[ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides being in tissues, most white blood cells circulate throughout the body in the lymphatic system and blood vessels. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Mast cells are some of the body's first-line defenders and are mainly found imbedded in tissues and organs. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • A single-cell layer of epithelium is separated from the tissues beneath it by a supporting substance called the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • Understanding how cancerous cells gain this ability may lead to new approaches to stopping tumor cells from dividing and colonizing tissues around the body. (elifesciences.org)
  • Tertiary lymphoid structures are highly organized clusters of immune cells that form in non-lymphoid tissues. (mdanderson.org)
  • These nontumor cells dilute the tumor purity in lung cancer tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • We measured tumor purity in 486 lung carcinoma tissues from TCGA-LUAD FPKM by using the "estimate" R package. (hindawi.com)
  • Normally, the PVRL4 gene is not active in breast epithelial cells, but its activity is detected in many breast, lung, and ovarian tumors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Based on clinical and experimental evidences we propose that platelets modulate the function of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles were documented with Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer. (elifesciences.org)
  • Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles produced by all cells under physiological and pathological conditions. (nature.com)
  • The cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) that may have an endosomal origin, or from evaginations of the plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • The exosome vesicles are a type of extracellular vesicles (EV), which are defined as lipid-bilayer spheroid structures, without replicating capacity, that are released from cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Radiation therapy and surgery are very effective in removing or eradicating a primary tumor but if we could prevent or cure or treat metastatic disease we could in fact prevent death from cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Platelets are generally considered as the main functional unit of the coagulation system. (qxmd.com)
  • In Sierra Leone during 2015-2018, we assessed LF patients' day-of-admission plasma samples for levels of proteins necessary for coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet function. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present study, we investigated podoplanin expression and platelet-aggregating activities of glioblastoma cell lines. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We investigate two cell lines for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma (U87mg & DAOY, respectively), plated as spheroidal aggregates in Matrigel-filled electrotaxis channels, and report opposing electrotactic responses. (nature.com)
  • Persons with the most common pediatric brain malignancy, medulloblastoma, fare only slightly better than average, with a 71.9% 5-year survival, though the most common adult brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), incurs a mere 5.1% 5-year survival rate 2 . (nature.com)
  • It turns out that we were blocking interaction with one protein and there are multiple proteins that cells can adhere too, bind to, and so when you knock out one they will use -- they'll circumvent using alternate binding mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore we suggest that platelets are not only a small participant but may be the conductor or active mediator of this complex regulatory system which has several unrevealed mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together these results reveal novel roles for S6K1 and mTOR in the regulation of 10058-F4 Rac1 activity and provide insights into the relationship between the pharmacology of the mTOR system and the molecular mechanisms of platelet activation. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • Transcripts/peptides of Notch1 and Delta-like ligand (DLL)-4 were detected in platelets isolated from human blood by RT-qPCR, Western analysis and flow cytometry. (elifesciences.org)
  • EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, and EV surface protein profiles were analyzed by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry to identify tumor- or immune system-related EVs of AML, ALL, CLL, and healthy samples. (nature.com)
  • Heparin -A complex of peptide (protein) bound to a complex sugar (polysaccharide), which delays blood clotting times by preventing platelets from aggregating to form a clot. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • They found that the gene that codes for a protein called poliovirus receptor-like 4 (PVRL4) allows attachment-free cell growth and also makes cells cluster together once detached from the matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • also showed that interactions between the PVRL4 in one cell and a related protein called PVRL1 in a neighboring cell were responsible for holding the cells together in clusters. (elifesciences.org)
  • Again earlier work by us and others had demonstrated there are surface carbohydrates or sugar groups on the surface of cells and these sugar groups are bound to proteins and they are bound to the protein that we work with. (nih.gov)
  • The impaired homeostasis and platelet dysfunction implicate alterations in the protein C pathway, which might contribute to the loss of endothelial barrier function in fatal infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The S protein generates neutralizing -antibodies, protective immunity, and T-cell responses. (openaccesspub.org)
  • In the presence of nutrients, mTORC1 is activated and promotes cell growth, including protein synthesis and energy storage. (springer.com)
  • Conversely, during starvation mTORC1 is inhibited and autophagy is induced by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to generation of intracellular nutrients and energy during degradation of non-functional or non-essential organelles or protein aggregates [ 4 , 6 ], in turn contributing to cell survival. (springer.com)
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • and for leukemia‐free survival were prefibrotic PMF morphology, thrombosis and extreme thrombocytosis (platelets >1 million/μl). (senorcafe.com)
  • Boswellia sacra essential oil hydrodistilled at 100 o C was more potent than the essential oil prepared at 78 o C in inducing cancer cell death, preventing the cellular network formation (MDA-MB-231) cells on Matrigel, causing the breakdown of multicellular tumor spheroids (T47D cells), and regulating molecules involved in apoptosis, signal transduction, and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The innate immune system includes macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), and natural killer (NK) cells, which respond quickly to an immunological threat. (nature.com)
  • Mouse monoclonal to CD86.CD86 also known as B7-2,is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors.It is expressed at high levels on resting peripheral monocytes and dendritic cells and at very low density on resting B and T lymphocytes. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • DSS-induced translocation provoked LPS elevation only when phagocytic cells were depleted with clodronate liposomes (clodrolip). (prelekara.sk)
  • White blood cells are immune system cells having responsibility to control inflammation, fight infection, clean up the breakdown products of day-to-day cellular function, and more. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Similarly, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is also a systemic inflammation-based parameter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the transaction, they show darker grey lines of aggregated platelets interspersed between paler layers of coagulated fibrin. (senorcafe.com)
  • The enhancement of tumor ECM stiffness is characterized by collagen deposition and remodeling, especially manifested by the cross-linking of collagen proteins [ 10 , 11 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Our preliminary study showed that up-regulation of LOX expression can increase tumor stiffness, thereby promoting insulinoma growth in Rip1-Tag2 mice and that the LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), could inhibit tumor progression through decreasing the amount of collagen cross-links in tumors [ 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Platelet thrombus on immobilized collagen was quantified using microfluidics platform. (elifesciences.org)
  • These coexpression factors (SASH3 and CD53) can be used to classify tumor purity phenotypes and to predict clinical outcomes. (hindawi.com)
  • The objective of this study was to optimize conditions for preparing Boswellea sacra essential oil with the highest biological activity in inducing tumor cell-specific cytotoxicity and suppressing aggressive tumor phenotypes in human breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And along the backbone right there are five side chains of proteins -- of carbohydrates and those carbohydrate groups have a lot of individual residues of sugars that are strung together in chains and we and others recognized that it was a unique structure of the carbohydrate group that was required for as part of the recognition -- in other words how did the tumor cell recognize the target organ? (nih.gov)
  • Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are the major cells responsible for the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during cirrhosis, are found in the space of Disse and act as a major storage site for vitamin A [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • explored which genes enable epithelial cells from the human mammary gland to grow without being attached to the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • After these experiments with somatic cells, Takahashi and Yamanaka hypothesized that there were common factors, genes in particular, which caused somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells. (asu.edu)
  • In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka selected twenty-four candidate genes as factors that they hypothesized could possibly induce somatic cells to become pluripotent, and they began to test them one at a time. (asu.edu)
  • If one of the infected cells showed G418 resistance, then the scientists would know that one of the twenty-four genes influenced the cell to become an embryonic stem cell-like cell. (asu.edu)
  • Mutations in the tumor suppressor genes encoding TSC1 (Hamartin) and TSC2 (Tuberin) cause a multisystemic tumor syndrome termed tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). (springer.com)
  • Five coexpressed genes (CD4, CD53, EVI2B, PLEK, and SASH3) were identified as tumor purity coexpressed genes that negatively correlated with tumor purity. (hindawi.com)
  • Using GSEA analysis, we found that the antigen processing and presentation pathway were related to the five tumor coexpressed genes mentioned above. (hindawi.com)
  • Pattern-recognition molecules such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectins, and ficolins-collectively termed lectins-bind to DAMPs on injured host cells, forming activation complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases 1, 2, and 3 (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mechanism preserves the single-cell layer pattern throughout the body and prevents epithelial cells from growing in inappropriate locations. (elifesciences.org)
  • Pharmacologic inhibitors of mTOR and S6K1 blocked Rac1 activation and prevented platelet spreading on fibrinogen but had no effect on Src or FAK kinase activation. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • The response of a B cell to antigen is dependent on the surface expression of a clonotypic B-cell receptor complex (BCR) consisting of membrane-bound Ig and disulfide-linked heterodimers of Ig alpha/beta. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, we developed a novel system in which we could form and then aggregate dimers, representative of partial receptor complexes, which contained either Ig alpha alone, Ig beta alone, or the two chains together and then examine their ability to induce apoptosis in the immature B-cell line, WEHI-231. (nih.gov)
  • The cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophilic cells (differentiated from HL-60), which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not NS-398, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Tumor purity plays an essential role in the immune response to lung cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • At present, the biological processes related to the purity of lung cancer tumors remains unclear. (hindawi.com)
  • Lung carcinoma tumor mutation burden was calculated by analyzing TCGA single nucleotide polymorphism data. (hindawi.com)
  • Based on the tumor purity and lung carcinoma gene matrix, we performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the tumor purity-related module was identified. (hindawi.com)
  • A lung cancer tumor purity correlated coexpression network was determined. (hindawi.com)
  • One and 28 d after acute exposure, and 1, 28, and 90 d following sub-chronic exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the left lung to collect cells and fluid for analyses, the apical right lobe was preserved for histopathology, and the right cardiac and diaphragmatic lobes were processed for gene expression analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • The liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes are organs where white blood cells are produced and stored. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs might reprogram the bone marrow environment, suppress antileukemic immunity, mediate drug resistance and interfere with immunotherapies. (nature.com)
  • These bone tumors oftentimes initially lead undiagnosed, as adolescents frequently essay control for harmful events and the affliction suffered with a bone tumor may initially be attributed to trauma. (daubnet.com)
  • Overview of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal proliferations of bone marrow stem cells, which can manifest as an increased number of platelets, red blood cells (RBCs), or white blood cells (WBCs). (msdmanuals.com)
  • For example, TSC inactivation has been shown to cooperate with non-canonical Smoothened (SMO)-independent Hedgehog (HH) signaling to drive tumor growth in murine cerebellar granule neuron precursors [ 10 ]. (springer.com)
  • What are Mast Cells? (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Mast cells (AKA mastocytes) are white blood cells involved in the process of regulating a variety of bodily functions. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Unlike other white blood cells, mast cells don't circulate throughout the body in the blood. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Mast cells are filled with granules, which are sack-like pockets of biochemicals that help protect the body from invading pathogens (parasites, etc.) and antigens (immune system stimulating substances, like pollen, etc. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Instead of their primary role protecting the body from the effects of parasites, mast cells are stimulated to release their granules after encountering common substances in our environment, like pollen, which leads to an allergic response. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • When mast cells release their granules, a variety of physiologic changes take place. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Mast cell tumors (MCT, or mastocytoma) are collections of cancerous mast cells that form a mass-like lesion. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Nevertheless, their distinctive armament of soluble mediators as well as the presence of surface receptors suggests that platelets must have further roles in several physiological and pathophysiological regulatory processes[ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the Honest Kitchen Blog I've covered Lymphoma, a type of white blood cell cancer see article here . (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Another common and potentially deadly type of cancer are Mast Cell Tumors. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • Over months to years of life the body's cells are exposed to a variety of noxious agents that cause cellular DNA changes ultimately manifesting as cancer. (thehonestkitchen.com)
  • The mucin-type sialoglycoprotein, podoplanin (aggrus), is a platelet-aggregating factor on cancer cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Platelet to Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is thought to be associated with a worse outcome in multiple types of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During all stages of tumor progression, cancer cells are subjected to inappropriate extracellular matrix environments and must undergo adaptive changes in order to evade growth constraints associated with the loss of matrix attachment. (elifesciences.org)
  • We demonstrate that the transformation of breast cancer cells is dependent on PVRL4. (elifesciences.org)
  • used genetic techniques to silence PVRL4 in cells from breast tumors, they found that it reduced the formation of clusters by the cancer cells and also reduced their ability to grow in the absence of attachment. (elifesciences.org)
  • When they reach a distant organ in order for them to grow into a new tumor, a new cancer in another organ system they have to develop a vascular, a blood supply, and our efforts by Judah Folkman and many others, to prevent the vascularization of these tumors and so that is one approach. (nih.gov)
  • Boswellia sacra essential oil-mediated cell viability and death were studied in established human breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-231) and an immortalized normal human breast cell line (MCF10-2A). (biomedcentral.com)
  • All three human breast cancer cell lines were sensitive to essential oil treatment with reduced cell viability and elevated cell death, whereas the immortalized normal human breast cell line was more resistant to essential oil treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similar to our previous observations in human bladder cancer cells, Boswellia sacra essential oil induces breast cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Suppression of cellular network formation and disruption of spheroid development of breast cancer cells by Boswellia sacra essential oil suggest that the essential oil may be effective for advanced breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we investigate the properties of populations of brain cancer undergoing electrotaxis, a phenomenon whereby cells are directed to migrate under control of an electrical field. (nature.com)
  • The mTORC1 signaling cascade receives inputs from various upstream cues related to the metabolic and nutritional status of the cell and translates these into cell growth [ 4 , 6 ]. (springer.com)
  • Herein we present clear evidence that not only do both patient MM cells and human MM cell lines (HMCLs) release MVs, but that these MVs stimulate MM cell growth. (oncotarget.com)
  • It is impossible to completely remove the tumour because of its growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Just this week, two days ago I heard a presentation by a fellow who is targeting angiogenesis, the new metastatic foci when tumors spread. (nih.gov)
  • The main purpose of this study was to explore the interactions between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and E. multilocularis protoscoleces (PSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The blood-brain barrier is a highly selective barrier that prevents unwanted molecules and cells from entering the brain from the bloodstream. (cancerlive.net)
  • Moreover, cancerous cells tend to cluster together when they are detached from the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • Takahashi and Yamanaka's 2006 and 2007 experiments showed that scientists can prompt adult body cells to dedifferentiate, or lose specialized characteristics, and behave similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (asu.edu)
  • Yamanaka worked to find new ways to acquire embryonic stem cells to avoid the social and ethical controversies surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. (asu.edu)
  • Other research groups such as Masako Tada's group in Japan in 2001 and Chad CowanÆs group in Massachusetts in 2005 combined embryonic stem cells with somatic cells to produce pluripotent cells. (asu.edu)
  • Each gene was inserted near the mouse Fbx15 gene, a gene that embryonic stem cells express during development in mice. (asu.edu)
  • This time, there were twenty-two cell colonies that showed a resistance to G418, meaning that there were colonies in which the cells exhibited embryonic stem cell properties. (asu.edu)
  • After examination, Takahashi and Yamanaka concluded that the cells were similar to embryonic stem cells and duplicated themselves in similar periods of as embryonic stem cells. (asu.edu)