• Phenotype switching: plasticity and/or differentiation of stromal cells and their progenitors within the tumour microenvironment regulate tumour fate. (europa.eu)
  • CSCs are enriched near macrophages, particularly near macrophage-containing intravasation sites called Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis (TMEM) doorways. (nature.com)
  • Advances in immunotherapy have shed greater focus on the role of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which are vital components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (aging-us.com)
  • TP53 mutations are also associated with the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment [ 10 - 12 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Numerous factors have been studied to understand why the activation occurs, from cells and molecules to other components in the so-called tissue microenvironment. (provaeducation.com)
  • Fischbach's lab uses biomaterials in combination with cellular and tissue engineering approaches to understand how the tissue microenvironment regulates cancer in different contexts, while Estroff's group specializes in biomineralization - the way biological organisms control the growth of crystals in their tissues. (provaeducation.com)
  • This enhanced aggressiveness is attributed to radiation-induced modifications of the tumor microenvironment, including enhanced angiogenesis and recruitment of pro-metastatic bone marrow cells and macrophages Anti-angiogenic drugs (or angiogenesis inhibitors) target the blood vessels required for tumor survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the reasons that cancer is so difficult to prevent is the complex interaction between individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Breakthroughs in anti-tumor immunity have led to unprecedented advances in immunotherapy, yet it is now clear that the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrains immunity. (elifesciences.org)
  • As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)
  • Whether C. tropicalis participates in the progression of CRC and immunotherapy resistance through regulating the tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 remains to be further elucidated. (jcancer.org)
  • This shows that C. tropicalis promotes CRC progression via controlling the expression of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1. (jcancer.org)
  • C. tropicalis can down-regulate tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression via enhancing tumor cells autophagy levels to promote CRC progression. (jcancer.org)
  • Macrophages are emerging as major cellular factors in the tumor ecosystem that can influence the stem phenotype and cancer progression. (nature.com)
  • Functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs in the high OSM-expressing CCA tissues showed that pathways related to tumor progression and immune response were significantly upregulated. (aging-us.com)
  • In clinical settings, elevated levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, bone marrow-derived cells as well as circulating factors with known roles in angiogenesis and tumor progression have been reported in response to major surgery in comparison to minimal surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Silencing of circSDHC restrained cell malignant phenotypes and angiogenesis via reducing CEP55 expression by releasing miR-130a-3p in RCC, providing a new mechanism for understanding the progression of RCC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Modulating miR-320d function by transfection of miR-320 mimics or inhibitor led to inhibition or promotion of GCA cell proliferation and invasion, thus regulating tumor progression in GCA-tumor bearing mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is within the cell-autonomous context that ST6GAL1 involvement in cancer progression has been interpreted. (nature.com)
  • Cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms, which are poorly understood, are also believed to contribute to disease progression and the heterogeneous genetic mutations with diverse presentations. (nature.com)
  • However, mounting evidence has suggested that CD8+ T cells, in particular, play an important role in the induction, progression, pathogenesis, and protection for autoimmune diseases ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In cancer, this leads to tumor immune evasion and disease progression. (lu.se)
  • Although the role of inflammatory lipid-mediators in CRC progression is well known, their role in the promotion of cancer-initiating cells remains to be elucidated. (lu.se)
  • We showed that LTD4 and PGE2 enriched the ALDH+ cell population and augmented the colonies formation and tumor progression in xenograft mice model. (lu.se)
  • May be a transcription factor involved in regulating the expression of genes active in the S phase during cell cycle progression in T cells. (lu.se)
  • May be involved in tumor progression. (lu.se)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role during metastasis, but the dynamic behavior and induction mechanisms of CSCs are not well understood. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, sNEDD4-mediated promotion of tumor metastasis was demonstrated in the orthotopic mouse model. (oncotarget.com)
  • Tumor cells are known to be fickle sleeper agents, often lying dormant in distant tissues for years before reactivating and forming metastasis. (provaeducation.com)
  • Now, an interdisciplinary Cornell team has identified a new mechanism regulating tumor growth in the skeleton, the primary site of breast cancer metastasis: mineralization of the bone matrix, a fibrous mesh of organic and inorganic components that determines the unique biochemical and biomechanical properties of our skeleton. (provaeducation.com)
  • Either insufficient or excessive cell migration has been associated with age-related diseases including neurodevelopmental disorders, immune deficiencies, inflammation, and cancer metastasis. (northwestern.edu)
  • In a murine model, Slit-expressing cancer cells (as compared to cancer cells in which Slit expression was silenced) had a decreased capacity for tumor formation and lung metastasis. (northwestern.edu)
  • Gene therapy model suggested that the growth and metastasis of cancer cells were suppressed by eIF3i shRNA. (temple.edu)
  • These repair mechanisms have the potential to exacerbate tumor promoting processes such as angiogenesis and metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, a variety of immune cell types, such as myeloid progenitors and macrophages, are recruited to the tumor site in a chemotherapy-dependent manner, an effect that enhances metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many of the growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix-modifying enzymes, and immune cells released during this process may also promote proliferation of residual tumor cells, angiogenesis and metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dissemination of medulloblastoma within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways is a defining pathobiologic characteristic of this tumor, and about 30% of patients will have CSF metastasis at presentation. (medscape.com)
  • Genes expressed differentially in SKM and SK cells were identified via microarray analyses. (oncotarget.com)
  • We identified 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 13 upregulated and 83 downregulated genes, in CCA tissues as regulatory T cells were significantly higher and the proportions of activated natural killer cells and monocytes were significantly lower in CCA tissues than the precancerous tissues. (aging-us.com)
  • To systematically define molecular features in human tumor cells that determine their degree of sensitivity to human allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells, we quantified the NK cell responsiveness of hundreds of molecularly annotated 'DNA-barcoded' solid tumor cell lines in multiplexed format and applied genome-scale CRISPR-based gene-editing screens in several solid tumor cell lines, to functionally interrogate which genes in tumor cells regulate the response to NK cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The presence of mineral also caused tumor cells to promote genes that were associated with better patient prognosis. (provaeducation.com)
  • Emerging evidence indicates that the neuronal guidance molecule, Slit, plays a role in tumor suppression, as Slit-encoding genes are inactivated in several types of cancer, including lung cancer. (northwestern.edu)
  • A new study shows that an enzyme involved in appropriately repressing sets of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells is also a target for certain monoamine oxidase inhibitors used to treat depression. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In 2005, professor Ramin Shiekhattar, Ph.D., at The Wistar Institute and his colleagues reported details about an enzyme involved in appropriately repressing sets of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In each of these diseases, genes that play a role in the proliferation or activation of CD8+ T cells have been found to be affected by epigenetic modifications. (frontiersin.org)
  • These genes are involved in T cell regulation, including interferons, interleukin (IL),tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as linker for activation of T cells (LAT), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and adapter proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • These pro-replication genes are regulated through GAS1 and PRMT5. (medindia.net)
  • The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
  • Total RNA from tumors the expression of thousands of genes (3) to address complex questions was isolated using two successive rounds of Trizol. (lu.se)
  • Our goal is to elucidate the molecular context and mechanisms by which aberrantly regulated genes contribute to breast and ovarian tumorigenesis. (lu.se)
  • Computational analysis unveiled a hitherto unknown role for ACVRL1 in relation to genes modulating the functionality of the immune cell compartment. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, we generated a signature of 8 genes co-expressed with ACVRL1 across different tumor types and characterized the c-type lectin domain containing protein (CLEC)14A as a potential downstream target of ACVRL1. (lu.se)
  • Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted T cells, which respond rapidly to antigen recognition and promote development of anti-tumor immunity in many tumor models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, ACT expands a patient's own T cells ex vivo to direct anti-tumor immunity when transfused back into the patient. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both tumor cells and the T cells present in the tumor need glucose in order to thrive and they compete for this nutrient. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Thyroid cancer is classified on the basis of the type of cells present in the tumor. (medicinenet.com)
  • Researchers say T cells used in immunotherapy may be hindered by stress responses induced when encountering solid tumors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Now, immunotherapy experts suggest that one reason immunotherapy may not always be effective could be the stress response encountered by T cells when they enter solid tumors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Targeted molecular therapy against EGFR has shown promise as an adjuvant therapy in preliminary studies in several solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. (medscape.com)
  • To determine if the improved response to treatment in the absence of iNKT cells was independent from the immunotherapy employed, 4T1-tumor bearing WT and iNKT −/− mice were treated with local radiotherapy in combination with antibody-mediated CD137 co-stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The primary aim of cancer immunotherapy is to enhance immune cells to prevent cancer cells from escaping the immune system's control. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, the researchers in the current study said that this natural T cell response to stress would actually harm the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy when it comes to stopping tumors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • For immunotherapy to be effective, T cells must secrete cytokines, such as cytotoxic cytokines to kill tumor cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally, we will provide an overview of how utilizing an understanding of T cell metabolism may inform strategies to alter the TME or enhance T cell metabolism to strengthen the immunotherapy arsenal. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we reported that the expression of TET1 in glioma tissue was significantly lower than the corresponding non-tumour normal tissues, and the concentration of TET1 is negatively correlated with the glioma WHO classification. (nih.gov)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • CCA patients with a higher proportion of neutrophils and T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and lower proportion of CD8 + T cells in the tumor tissues are associated with poor prognosis [ 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • However, only limited types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells have been analyzed in CCA tissues and the mechanisms regulating the tumor infiltration of immune cells are poorly understood. (aging-us.com)
  • Recent studies demonstrate that somatic mutations in the tumor tissues influence immunotherapeutic response in several cancers [ 6 , 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Examination of human lung cancer samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues has revealed that Myo9b is upregulated in the majority of cancer samples. (northwestern.edu)
  • We observed an observable elevation in circSDHC expression in RCC tissues and cell lines . (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we evaluated expression profile of miR-320d and FoxM1 in 60 human GCA tissues and GCA cell lines (OE-19 and SK-GT2). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autoimmune diseases are usually complex and multifactorial, characterized by aberrant production of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies against healthy cells and tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Autoimmune diseases are complex diseases characterized by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens and sustained aberrant immunological response against healthy cells and tissues, leading ultimately to the overproduction of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tissues and Cells. (lu.se)
  • Mechanistically, stemness is induced in non-stem cancer cells upon their direct contact with macrophages via Notch-Jagged signaling. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, macrophages were shown to contribute to a niche that can support and maintain a breast CSC (BCSC) phenotype through heterotypic CD90/EphA4 signaling between macrophage and tumor cell 14 . (nature.com)
  • In mammary gland development, Notch-dependent heterotypic signaling between resident tissue macrophages and mammary stem cells supports survival and function of the normal mammary stem cell 20 . (nature.com)
  • Chemo-radio therapeutic outcomes are poor in CCA patients because the tumor is highly desmoplastic with fibrogenic connective tissue and immune cells such as T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages that infiltrate the tumor epithelium [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • In addition, various types of pro-angiogenic bone marrow-derived cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and TIE2-expressing monocytes contribute to therapy resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, LTD4 or PGE2 drive massive inflammatory responses identified as CD45+ enrichment, particularly of macrophages within tumors. (lu.se)
  • Mechanistically, we found that C. tropicalis modulates the expression of PD-1 via increasing the autophagy traffic in colon cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Mechanistically, we showed that eIF3i knockdown reduced VEGFR/ERK signaling by down-regulating VEGFR2 and ERK protein expression. (temple.edu)
  • Mechanistically, TSC2 inactivation caused elevation of TRAIL receptor expression, cooperating with mTORC1-S6 signaling to induce tumor cell death. (nki.nl)
  • These agents induce death in rapidly dividing cells thus targeting tumor cells, but at the same time damaging healthy tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • CSCs have an enhanced ability to self-renew, which makes them uniquely capable of initiating and sustaining primary and metastatic tumor growth 3 . (nature.com)
  • Potent metastatic SK-hep-1 (SK) cells, designated 'SKM', were generated using Transwell assay followed by selection in a mouse model. (oncotarget.com)
  • In mouse tumor models, anti-angiogenic therapy causes an elevation in tumor-promoting cytokines and growth factors that in turn augment the invasive and metastatic potential of tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spontaneous regression of metastatic testicular carcinoma in a patient with bilateral sequential testicular tumor. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • What's more, treating a mouse model of human MEN1 syndrome with a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor called Erivedge (FDA-approved in 2012 for metastatic or locally advanced basal cell carcinoma) reduced proliferation of tumor cells and blood insulin levels. (medindia.net)
  • Overexpression of sNEDD4 increased the invasive ability of SK cells through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and inhibited serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via upregulation of myeloid cell leukemia 1. (oncotarget.com)
  • Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have a strong immunosuppressive character that allows them to regulate immune responses and hinder overt inflammatory responses. (lu.se)
  • The classical definition of MDSCs as immature myeloid cells blocked from differentiating has been challenged by recent studies suggesting that Mo-MDSCs and G-MDSCs may represent monocytes and granulocytes that have acquired immunosuppressive properties. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, the GNP-corked NCNCs were demonstrated to function as novel drug delivery carriers, capable of effective (i) delivery of paclitaxel to tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), (ii) MPO-regulated release, and (iii) blockade of MDSC immunosuppressive potential. (cdc.gov)
  • It is mainly expressed on mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes [ 7 , 8 ], and it can inhibit T cell function by binding with PD-L1 or PD-L2 ligand, which is mainly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, to induce immune tolerance and limit autoimmunity [ 9 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • In mouse tumor models, different chemotherapy types induce a rapid mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells that home to the tumor site where they promote angiogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In autoimmune diseases, these target cells killed by autoreactive CD8+ T cells can release numerous autoantigens to induce the overproduction of autoantibodies, and finally lead to the death of self-cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our team previously showed that mucosal (intranasal, i.n.) and systemic (intramuscular) vaccinations are both able to induce systemic specific CD8+ T-cells but only i.n. immunization allows an efficient control of mucosal tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant tumor originating from the intra- or extra-hepatic bile ducts that has shown increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide in the last few years [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The host response to cancer therapy is defined as a physiological response of the non-malignant cells of the body (also known as host cells) to a specific cancer therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, non-malignant host cells activate wound healing and inflammatory mechanisms to repair chemotherapy-induced damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, miR-130a-3p silencing offset circSDHC knockdown-mediated impacts on malignant phenotypes and angiogenesis of RCC cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, exogenetic expression of CEP55 counteracted miR-130a-3p overexpression-mediated effects on malignant phenotypes and angiogenesis of RCC cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor of childhood, with an annual incidence of about 0.5-0.8/100,000 in children younger than 19 years. (medscape.com)
  • Natural killer T (NKT) cells comprise a subset of lymphocytes originating from a distinct developmental lineage [ 1 ] which bridge innate and adaptive immunity and modulate immune responses in autoimmunity, malignancies and infections [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functionally, circSDHC silencing decreased xenograft tumor growth and induced RCC cell apoptosis , repressed RCC cell proliferation , angiogenesis, migration, and invasion in vitro . (bvsalud.org)
  • Wild-type tumor cells adapted to CTL attack by shifting their mTOR signaling balance toward increased mTORC2 activity, circumventing apoptosis, and necroptosis. (nki.nl)
  • Overall, our data indicate that mural cells can control tumor growth via paracrine signals regulated by β3-integrin, providing a previously unrecognized mechanism of cancer growth control. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, our work established a selective translational regulatory mechanism during tumor induced angiogenesis and suggested that targeting eIF3i may be applicable for anticancer therapy. (temple.edu)
  • Here we describe a novel mechanism of tumor immune escape mediated by iNKT cells that limit priming of anti-tumor T cells by controlling DC in tumors and draining lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanism of OGF-OGFr action on DNA synthesis was related to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory pathway because knockdown of p16 or p21 in OVCAR-3 cells, and p21 in SKOV-3 cells, eliminated OGF's inhibitory effect on growth. (nih.gov)
  • The mechanism analysis of miR-320d/FoxM1 showed that FoxM1 has two miR-320d binding sites in its 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), that contributes to regulation of the cell biological behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The impact of this non-canonical extrinsic mechanism of ST6GAL1 on tumor cell pathobiology is not known. (nature.com)
  • Scientists in Germany have discovered a new mechanism which plays an essential role in the assembly and growth of mitochondria, the "power plants" of the cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When a cell stops producing proteins, it's a protective mechanism in most cells and is part of the T cell's immediate response to stress. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sachelarie also noted how this research has "identified a novel mechanism for improving T cell function. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In particular, mural-cell-derived CCL2 stimulates tumor cell MEK1-ERK1/2-ROCK2-dependent signaling and enhances tumor cell survival and tumor growth. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Liu Q , Lan T , Song Y , Cai J , Yu X , Chen W , . Oncostatin M expression and TP53 mutation status regulate tumor-infiltration of immune cells and survival outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma. (aging-us.com)
  • In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to analyze transcriptome data from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients in multiple datasets (Sun Yat-sen University, TCGA and GSE32225 cohorts) to identify mechanisms that regulate tumor infiltration by immune cells and survival outcomes. (aging-us.com)
  • The survival outcomes of CCA patients were associated with the TP53 gene mutation status, levels of Oncostatin M (OSM) expression, and the proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cell types, including dendritic cells, monocytes, and T follicular helper cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that OSM expression and TP53 mutation status regulate the tumor infiltration by immune cells and survival outcomes in CCA. (aging-us.com)
  • VEGF, produced in large amounts by cancer cells during tumor growth, interacts with its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 thereby causing endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and sprouting [7] . (plos.org)
  • We previously identified Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as a novel factor that can support the proliferation and/or survival of NSPCs based on in vitro functional cloning strategy and revealed that MIF can support the proliferation of human brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Using gene manipulation (over or downregulation of TPT1) techniques including CRISPR/Cas9-mediated heterozygous gene disruption showed that TPT1 contributed to the regulation of cell proliferation/survival in mouse NSPCs, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived-NSPCs, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived-NSPCs and BTICs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells is accompanied by large-scale changes in the coordinated expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors (TFs) and chemokines that are correlated with their survival, effector function, and self-renewal ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, we showed that Cxcr6-deficiency impairs mice survival in a prophylactic and therapeutic i.n. vaccination settings in various mucosal tumor models. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Associations of a Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score With Tumor Characteristics and Survival. (cancercentrum.se)
  • In this study, we first found that high concentrations of C. tropicalis promote tumor growth in cell cultures and xenografts. (jcancer.org)
  • Collectively, our data showed that LTD4 and PGE2 exacerbate CIC characteristics and promote tumor growth by allowing modifications in the tumor environment. (lu.se)
  • However, this observation has overlooked potential roles for mural cells in directly affecting tumor growth independent of BV function. (uea.ac.uk)
  • [ 1 ] These tumors display considerable clinical and biologic heterogeneity, and they have been further defined molecularly and histologically. (medscape.com)
  • Utilizing comprehensive biobanks, genomics methods and in vitro model systems we aim to improve our understanding of tumour evolution, heterogeneity and therapy response. (lu.se)
  • The heterogeneity of the disease requires improved knowledge of key processes involved in tumour initiation, development and maintenance for translation into truly personalised treatment. (lu.se)
  • Mural-β3-integrin loss also enhances tumor growth in implanted and autochthonous mouse tumor models with no detectable effects on BV numbers or function. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Altogether, by identifying a pro-angiogenic VEGF/miR-101/EZH2 axis in endothelial cells we provide evidence for a functional link between growth factor-mediated signaling, post-transcriptional silencing, and histone-methylation in the angiogenesis process. (plos.org)
  • We found that a key translational regulator, eIF3i, is highly expressed in endothelial cells during embryonic and tumor angiogenesis. (temple.edu)
  • In zebrafish angiogenesis model, eIF3i mutant endothelial cells could not respond to induction signals from tumor mass. (temple.edu)
  • Circular RNA circSDHC (hsa_circ_0015004) regulates tumor growth and angiogenesis via regulating centrosomal protein 55 expression in renal cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • The requirement for tumor angiogenesis has been therapeutically exploited in the clinical setting mainly by means of inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of ligands and receptors. (lu.se)
  • Our previous studies have found that Candida tropicalis ( C. tropicalis ) can promote CRC tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance to oxaliplatin by regulating mismatch repair system. (jcancer.org)
  • Importantly, transcriptional signatures of NK cell-sensitive tumor cells correlate with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance in clinical samples. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, tumor hypoxia that ensues activates a range of compensatory mechanisms that sustain vascularization, leading to resistance to the anti-angiogenic drug. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor-native ST6GAL1 promotes tumor cell behaviors such as invasion and resistance to cell stress and chemo- and radio-treatments. (nature.com)
  • Functionally, this increased stability of SCML2 enhances resistance to DNA damage agents in p53-positive, p53-mutant, and p53-negative cells. (lucmg.com)
  • In p53-mutant or p53-negative cancer cells, SCML2 promotes CHK1 and p21 stability by inhibiting their ubiquitination, thereby enhancing the resistance to DNA damage agents. (lucmg.com)
  • Our data show that Slit inhibits cancer cell migration by activating RhoA and that myosin 9b (Myo9b) is a Robo-interacting protein that suppresses RhoA activity in lung cancer cells. (northwestern.edu)
  • Exogenous OGF was observed to have a dose-dependent, serum-independent, reversible, and receptor-mediated inhibitory action on cell proliferation that was dependent on RNA and protein synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, in the present study, we newly identified translationally-controlled tumor protein-1 (TPT1), which is expressed in the ventricular zone of mouse embryonic brain, as a downstream target of MIF signaling in mouse and human NSPCs and human BTICs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The research focuses on a protein called PKR ER-like kinase (PERK), which is important for sensing stress in all types of cells, including T cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The researchers proposed that the PERK response may inhibit protein secretion by T cells, making them less effective in fighting tumors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • One of the mechanisms of action through which T cells can restore function in a low glucose environment is an enzyme (PERK = PKR ER-like kinase), which can modify a protein (eif2) to overcome inhibition of T cell metabolism. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The GAS1 protein promotes Hedgehog signaling, and thus by inhibiting Gas1 expression, menin and PRMT5 effectively dial down the pathway's tendency towards cell proliferation. (medindia.net)
  • Additionally, our studies revealed that GPER stimulation activates yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ), 2 homologous transcription coactivators and key effectors of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, via the Gαq-11, PLCβ/PKC, and Rho/ROCK signaling pathways. (jci.org)
  • In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)
  • Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Chemotherapy is a drug treatment given intravenously (IV) that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. (medicinenet.com)
  • When TET1 gene in glioma U251 cells was knocked down by CRISPR/Caspase-9 system, the proliferation and invasive ability of U251 increased remarkably. (nih.gov)
  • miRNAs comprise a large group of endogenous non-coding RNAs that can block mRNA translation or negatively regulate mRNA stability and thereby play a central role in regulating gene expression [10] , [11] . (plos.org)
  • For example, Shiekhattar notes that the enzyme studied exists in a complex with another type of gene-regulating enzyme that has been implicated in the development of cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)
  • The goal of gene therapy is to introduce new genetic material into cancer cells that selectively kills them without causing toxicity to the surrounding cells. (medscape.com)
  • TAZ was required for GPER-induced gene transcription, breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, and tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • BMC Cell Biology, 9 , 45. (springer.com)
  • Understanding the biology of these tumors, as well as treatment modalities, has been challenging. (nih.gov)
  • This is an article of high relevance for T cell biology and T cell therapy in general," she said. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC continues to develop, we can target the specific components of cancer cells that are not found in normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • BT-474 cells, obtained expression of the receptor has important implications for their biology from American Type Culture Collection, were maintained in RPMI 1640 and therapy (1). (lu.se)
  • Microarrays were prepared in tumor biology. (lu.se)
  • This study basically shows for the first time that physiological interactions between mineral particles and collagen may be able to inhibit the activation of tumor cells that have spread to bone," Fischbach said. (provaeducation.com)
  • Further, inhibitory receptors present in the TME can inhibit T cell metabolism and alter T cell signaling both directly and through release of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • It suggests that the tumour suppressor effect of TET1 seems to be mediated by regulating the level of autophagy, and the regulation of TET1 on autophagy is at an early stage. (nih.gov)
  • In vitro , the sprouting and migratory properties of primary endothelial cell cultures were reduced by inhibiting EZH2 through up-regulation of miR-101, siRNA-mediated knockdown of EZH2, or treatment with 3-Deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity. (plos.org)
  • Systematic investigation using an integrated multi-disciplinary approach will help us not only understand fundamental mechanisms controlling cell migration in multiple biological processes but also discover new diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for a range of human diseases involving dys-regulation of cell migration. (northwestern.edu)
  • RCC2 down regulation in tumor cells led to increased sensitivity to STS treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TSC2-depleted tumor cells had disrupted mTOR regulation following CTL attack, which was associated with enhanced cell death. (nki.nl)
  • and regulation of stem cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, blocking antibody against PD-1 promotes tumor growth both in SW480 cells and mice CRC xenografts in an adaptive immune-independent manner. (jcancer.org)
  • Here, we employ high-resolution intravital microscopy using a CSC biosensor to directly observe CSCs in live mice with mammary tumors. (nature.com)
  • Upon subcutaneous introduction of sNEDD4-overexpressing SK cells into flanks of nude mice, tumors grew faster than those of the control group. (oncotarget.com)
  • Surprisingly, we previously found that mice deficient in iNKT cells developed spontaneous CD8 + T cells responses partially effective at inhibiting metastases in mice bearing the 4T1 mammary carcinoma, and showed a markedly improved response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody compared to wild type (WT) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To understand the mechanisms of the immunosuppressive function of iNKT cells, dendritic cells (DCs) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in WT and iNKT-deficient (iNKT −/− ) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consistently, priming of T cells to a tumor-specific CD8 T cell epitope in mice treated with radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 or anti-CD137 was markedly enhanced in iNKT −/− compared to WT mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD1d blockade restored the number of DC in WT mice, improved T cell priming in draining lymph nodes and significantly enhanced response to treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, treating tumor-bearing mice with vascular-disrupting agents (that specifically target tumor-associated vessels) triggers an acute mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells that home to tumor margins where they facilitate revascularization. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we verified the prognosis value of miR-320d in human GCA tissue, and identified its expression level in GCA specimens, GCA cell lines, and GCA tumor-bearing mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To understand the role of CXCR6 in vaccination efficacy, we have set up a body of experiments using heterozygous Cxcr6gfp/+ mice, where GFP reflects CXCR6 expression and homozygous Cxcr6-deficient mice Cxcr6gfp/gfp.We have then confirmed CXCR6 expression on specific Trm CD8+ T-cells induced by i.n. vaccination in lung mucosa. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In immunodeficient mice, LTD4 or PGE2 treatment amplified CIC-induced tumor growth. (lu.se)
  • The ability of ALDH+ cells to form tumors in immunodeficient mice could not be challenged by radiation therapy. (lu.se)
  • Individuals with MEN1 are at a substantially increased risk of developing neuroendocrine tumors, including cancer of the pancreatic islet cells that secrete insulin. (medindia.net)
  • Scientists have identified that pancreatic cancer cells growth and spread are fueled by an unusual metabolic pathway that someday might be blocked with targeted drugs to control the deadly cancer. (medindia.net)
  • Ectopic expression of DOCK8 regulates lysosome-mediated pancreatic tumor cell invasion. (mayo.edu)
  • GLI1 interaction with p300 modulates SDF1 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote pancreatic cancer cells migration. (mayo.edu)
  • Here, we use whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 knockout data to uncover an important role for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) in determining tumor susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing in human melanoma cells. (nki.nl)
  • CD8+ T cells, also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are one subtype of T cell ( 6 ), characterized by robust production of interferon (IFN)-γ and cytolytic activities via perforin (PRF)/granzymes (GZM) or Fas mechanisms to kill target cells ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, a better understanding of the in vivo mechanisms that regulate CSCs is essential for the development of more effective anti-cancer therapies. (nature.com)
  • Knockdown of PD-1 enhanced SW480 viability in-vitro, while overexpression of PD-1 diminished cell viability. (jcancer.org)
  • Estroff led the necessary materials synthesis and characterization techniques of the different bone matrix models, which the team then used to investigate tumor cell behavior, first in vitro and then in vivo through mouse models. (provaeducation.com)
  • Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-320d on GCA cells after transfection in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TSC2 ablation strongly augmented tumor cell sensitivity to CTL attack in vitro and in vivo, suggesting one of its functions is to critically protect tumor cells. (nki.nl)
  • We found that shRNA knockdown of intrinsic ST6GAL1 expression resulted in decreased ST6GAL1 cargo in the exosome-like vesicles as well as decreased breast tumor cell growth and invasive behavior in 3D in vitro cultures. (nature.com)
  • T cell metabolism has already been shown to influence T cell therapy efficacy in the clinical setting. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Different states of T cell metabolism are correlating with responders versus nonresponders post T cell therapy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)
  • This review will discuss the metabolic changes that drive T cells into different stages of their development and how the TME imposes barriers to the metabolism and activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. (elifesciences.org)
  • At the same time, TET1 of glioma U251 cells was knocked down or overexpressed to observe its effect on glioma cell proliferation and invasion as well as autophagy level. (nih.gov)
  • Following the down-expression of TET1, the level of autophagy in U251 cells decreased accordingly.However, when TET1 was overexpressed in U251 cells, the level of autophagy incraesed. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) but not 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could decrease the autophagy level of TET1 -/- U251 cells as the wild-type controls. (nih.gov)
  • Qu J, Chen Q, Bing Z, Shen S, Hou Y, Lv M, Wang T. C. tropicalis promotes CRC by down-regulating tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 receptor via autophagy. (jcancer.org)
  • Combining autophagy inhibitor with C. tropicalis treatment partly blocked the CRC tumor growth and reversed the downregulation of PD-1. (jcancer.org)
  • Notably, SCML2 promotes chemoresistance through distinct mechanisms in p53-positive and p53-negative cancer cells. (lucmg.com)
  • CSCs display the slow-migratory, invadopod-rich phenotype that is the hallmark of disseminating tumor cells. (nature.com)
  • The effects of antibody-mediated blockade of CD1d on DC number and phenotype, priming of anti-tumor T cells, and tumor response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this context we report that sensitivity of tumors against montelukast could depend on the variation in CICs content, activation of prosurvival factors such as BCL-2 and β-catenin signaling. (lu.se)
  • With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck , these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. (medscape.com)
  • T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
  • A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Met(5)]-enkephalin) and the OGF receptor (OGFr) form an endogenous growth-regulating pathway in homeostasis and neoplasia. (nih.gov)
  • They said that by manipulating various proteins in the stress response pathway within T cells, it is possible to overcome the T cell's intrinsic stress response and enable the immune system to fight against further tumor growth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Now, researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have found that pathway, which may lead to a new treatment for patients with MEN1 and sporadic endocrine tumors. (medindia.net)
  • These data are the first to report that the OGF-OGFr system is a native biological regulator of cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of specific molecular targets in cancer therapy is to create a "magic bullet" that selectively kills cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • This targets and selectively kills cancer cells and shrinks tumors using radiation . (medicinenet.com)
  • [ 1 ] Early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is treated relatively well with single-modality therapy (either surgery or radiation alone). (medscape.com)
  • Go to Imaging of Nasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • The most common types of non-small cell lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here we provide clinical data correlating high percentages of mural-β3-integrin-negative tumor BVs with increased tumor sizes but no effect on BV numbers. (uea.ac.uk)
  • In clinical specimens, sNEDD4 was significantly overexpressed in tumors and serves as a poor prognostic factor for male patients with HCC ( P = 0.035). (oncotarget.com)
  • One of the key areas in stem cell research is the identification of factors capable of promoting the expansion of Neural Stem Cell/Progenitor Cells (NSPCs) and understanding their molecular mechanisms for future use in clinical settings. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our data indicate that extracellular ST6GAL1 from remote sources can compensate for cellular ST6GAL1-mediated aggressive tumor cell proliferation and invasive behavior and has great clinical potential for extracellular ST6GAL1 as these molecules are in the extracellular space should be easily accessible targets. (nature.com)
  • A robust metabolic function of T cells is found in patients with better clinical response. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • To obtain an independent test set, the remaining 11 of the 58 tumors were selected from an ongoing clinical trial and used here as a blinded sion via ER,3 however the details of the estrogen effect on down- test set. (lu.se)
  • It has been reported that TET1 is a tumour suppressor in several cancers. (nih.gov)
  • In breast cancers from patients, the density of TMEM doorways correlates with the proportion of cancer cells expressing stem cell markers, indicating that in human breast cancer TMEM doorways are not only cancer cell intravasation portals but also CSC programming sites. (nature.com)
  • The sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 that adds α2-6 linked sialic acids to N-glycans of cell surface and secreted glycoproteins is prominently associated with many human cancers. (nature.com)
  • The researchers said they found that T cells that are subjected to the environment of solid cancers undergo a stress response that limits their abilities, hindering their capability to eliminate the tumors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sometimes called oat cell carcinoma, this cancer accounts for about 15% of all lung cancers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells can be affected by numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and chemokines. (frontiersin.org)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • This review will discuss the metabolic adaptations necessary for T cells to meet changing biochemical needs throughout different stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
  • The basic and common immunologic defect in common variable immunodeficiency is a failure of B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells that produce the various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. (medscape.com)
  • These studies described failure of B-cell differentiation because of altered B-cell surface-molecule expression. (medscape.com)
  • Indeed, the i.n. vaccination favors the tumor infiltration of specific CD8+ T-cells and especially tissue-resident memory T-cells (Trm), which are crucial for a potent antitumor activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this Cxcr6-deficient mouse model, the loss of vaccine-induced protection against tumor graft correlates with a clear reduction of Trm infiltration in tumor. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Another focus of our work is on the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing migration of different types of cells, including neurons and non-neuronal cells. (northwestern.edu)
  • It is mainly expressed in immune cells such as T cells, B cells and monocytes. (jcancer.org)
  • Somatic mutations can reduce or abolish the ability of immune cells to recognize neoantigens on the tumor cells [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Adaptive immune cells, including B and T cells, have been demonstrated to be primary contributors to the overactive immune response and overproduction of antibodies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Though extremely rare, some types of cancer can arise in the thyroid, such as thyroid lymphoma (arises from the immune cells of the thyroid) or thyroid sarcoma (arises from the connective tissue cells in the thyroid). (medicinenet.com)
  • Aggressive breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease caused by a variety of distinct cell-intrinsic genetic alterations in mammary epithelial cells, leading to vastly heterogenic disease manifestation in individual patients and predominantly affecting patient prognosis and treatment options [ 14 ]. (nature.com)
  • We previously showed that VEGF signaling in primary endothelial cell cultures caused overexpression of VEGFR2 in a positive feed-forward loop, which is at least partly regulated by loss of miRNA-mediated control of VEGF receptor degradation. (plos.org)
  • Notwithstanding its characterization as an endothelial cell marker, the full spectrum of biological processes associated with ALK1 is essentially unexplored. (lu.se)
  • This study provides a comprehensive map of mechanisms regulating tumor cell responses to NK cells, with implications for future biomarker-driven applications of NK cell immunotherapies. (elsevierpure.com)
  • iNKT cells can promote the polarization of adaptive immune responses towards both Th1 and Th2 and can secrete immunosuppressive cytokines [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CCK-8, transwell, wound-healing assays, and in vivo experiments were conducted using GCA cells that treated with miR-320d mimics or inhibitors to evaluate the biological functions of miR-320d. (biomedcentral.com)