Tumor cells induces secretion. Medical search. Frequent questions

CD4 + T cells contribute to the remodeling of the microenvironment required for sustained tumor regression upon oncogene inactivation. (nature.com)
Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
A series of studies have revealed that exosomes-mediated intercellular transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of HCC, hypoxia and angiogenesis, chemotherapy sensitivity, and cell death mode and regulates the immune microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
We laid particular focus on those researches that reveal how exosomes regulate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and how exosomal cargos affect the progression of HCC. (hindawi.com)
HCC-derived exosomes participate in changing tumor progression by regulating the tumor microenvironment and tumor immune status [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
The current aim was to further characterize biological responses and mechanisms underpinning CXCL8-promoted progression of PTEN-depleted prostate cancer, focusing on characterizing the potential interplay between CXCL8 and other disease-promoting chemokines resident within the prostate tumor microenvironment. (oncotarget.com)
This may be due to the presence of the uniquely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment present in PDACs that creates a barrier to immune surveillance by T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
To understand which signaling pathways in pancreatic tumor cells might drive this suppressive tumor microenvironment, we analyzed the correlation between hyper-activated signaling molecules and tumor infiltrating leukocytes using 50 human PDAC tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
The oral FAK kinase inhibitor VS-4718, currently in Phase I clinical evaluation, was tested to determine if it could overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
We postulated that the desirable effects of FAK inhibition on the tumor microenvironment might render PDAC tumors more sensitive to immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, these data suggest that FAK inhibition increases immune surveillance programs in PDAC tumors by overcoming the fibrotic and inflammatory microenvironment rendering tumors more responsive to immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in the survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of solid tumors. (edu.pl)
γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. (explorationpub.com)
However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)
It is worth noting that depleting neutrophils led to a substantial increase in the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, accompanied by a significant decrease in exhausted T cells. (cancerbiomed.org)
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment which is troubled by its severe resistance developed by multiple mechanisms including reduced drug uptake, increased drug efflux, DNA damage repair, and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. (cancerbiomed.org)

Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. (abcam.com)
A greater number of alveolar macrophages produced TNF-α compared to autologous monocytes in sarcoidosis but not in controls and, based on cell size, it was confirmed that this was the product of more mature macrophages and that the secretion of TNF-α by monocytes and macrophages was heterogeneous: not all monocytes and macrophages secrete TNF-α. (ersjournals.com)
No differences in the average levels of TNF-α secretion by peripheral blood monocytes or alveolar macrophages were observed. (ersjournals.com)
This study has demonstrated that a subset of mononuclear phagocytes, mature macrophages, are responsible for tumour necrosis factor secretion and this could have implications for targeted management in sarcoidosis in the future. (ersjournals.com)
Enhances the activity of macrophages and NK cells. (alleviatenow.in)
It is expressed by T-cells, B-cells, macrophages, and various tumor cells lines and has been identified as a G0/G1 switch gene in various cells. (goldbio.com)
Myeloid immune cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), may represent potential novel therapeutic targets in HCC, complementing current ablative or immune therapies. (cancerindex.org)
This alteration in tumor progression was associated with dramatically reduced tumor fibrosis, decreased numbers of FOXP3 + Tregs and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, and anti-tumor polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we show that human glioblastoma cells secrete soluble factors that alter the phenotype and cytokine secretion profile of both macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (edu.pl)
Macrophages and MSCs respond to tumor-secreted factors by increasing the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and this response is potentiated when macrophages and MSCs are combined in co-culture. (edu.pl)
Our results suggest that the orchestrated response of macrophages and stromal elements to neoplastic cells enhances tumor progression through the release of soluble factors. (edu.pl)
FunctionalRelationship between Tumor-Associated Macrophages andMacrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor as Contributors toCancer Progression. (edu.pl)
Fibrogenic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) induce the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages in mouse lungs. (cdc.gov)
The cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophilic cells (differentiated from HL-60), which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not NS-398, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. (cdc.gov)

Th9 cells protect against helminth infection, promote CTL and NK cell mediated anti-tumor immunity, and contribute to chronic inflammation in allergic asthma, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, autoimmunity, and tuberculosis. (rndsystems.com)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
Consequently, tumor-trained EMH acts as a compensatory mechanism that undermines anti-tumor immunity. (cancerbiomed.org)

Insulin did not alter the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on GH3 cell proliferation. (jci.org)
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. (abcam.com)
Importantly, increasing numbers of novel reports suggest that the GFRα-mediated signaling pathway acts as an oncogenic promoter related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis as well as treatment resistance. (medsci.org)
We found that human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) triggered IgA(2) class switching in B cells, including IgA(1)-expressing B cells arriving from mucosal follicles, through a CD4(+) T cell-independent pathway involving a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). (nih.gov)
However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
IL-2, a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of antigen-primed (helper) T cells, which subsequently produce more IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. (alleviatenow.in)
Induces proliferation of antigen-primed T cells. (alleviatenow.in)
IL-2 diffuses out and acts on IL-2 receptor to stimulate T-cell proliferation and other processes, carrying forward the immune response. (alleviatenow.in)
CXCL12-induced migration of PC3 cells and CCL2-induced proliferation of prostate cancer cells were dependent upon intrinsic CXCL8 signaling within the prostate cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
Combined inhibition of both CXCL8 and CXCL12 signaling was more effective in inhibiting fibroblast-promoted cell motility while repression of CXCL8 attenuated CCL2-promoted proliferation of prostate cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
During the course of folliculogenesis, growth is achieved by cell proliferation and formation of follicular fluid, whereas development involves cytodifferentiation of all the cells and tissues in the follicle. (glowm.com)
Enhancement of head andneck squamous cell carcinoma proliferation, invasion, andmetastasis by tumor-associated fibroblasts in preclinicalmodels. (edu.pl)
Furthermore, CD45+EPCs and their derivative cells, known as erythroid-derived suppressor cells (EDMCs), significantly hinder the proliferation and immune function of CD8+ T cells. (cancerbiomed.org)
However, the proliferation and persistence efficacy of universal immune cells warrant improvement. (cancerbiomed.org)
The Notch pathway plays a key role in different types of cancer and drives several biological processes relevant in MM, including cell localization within the bone marrow, proliferation, survival and pharmacological resistance. (oncotarget.com)

In this paper, we reviewed the recent researches on the multiple roles of tumor-associated exosomes in the progression of HCC. (hindawi.com)
A number of studies have proved that exosomes are important mediators for the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Towards this goal, our research efforts have been concentrated on elucidating mechanisms of tumor progression and, in particular, on understanding the process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the context of cancer. (nih.gov)
This tumor-associated pattern of expression makes brachyury an interesting target for interventions directed at the EMT process and serves as a model to explore immunotherapies aimed at directly interfering with tumor progression. (nih.gov)
Her current research is focused on the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at targeting critical events in tumor progression with the ultimate goal of designing vaccine platforms and combinatorial therapies for the prevention and/or treatment of metastases in human cancer. (nih.gov)
Single agent VS-4718 dramatically limited tumor progression resulting in a doubling of survival in the p48-CRE/Kras G12D /p53 flox/+ PDAC mouse model (KPC mice). (biomedcentral.com)
However, the mechanisms by which it influences these aspects of tumor progression remain incompletely characterized. (edu.pl)
LncRNA-UCA1 is enriched in hypoxic bladder cancer cell-derived TEXs, and hypoxic exosomal lncRNA-UCA1 can promote tumor growth and progression though accelerating EMT. (biomedcentral.com)
Specifically, CD45-EPCs contribute to tumor progression through the secretion of artemin. (cancerbiomed.org)

Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
The CD56 bright population produces immunoregulatory cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), IL-10, and IL-13 ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cytokines are soluble, antigen-nonspecific signaling proteins that bind to cell surface receptors on a variety of cells. (alleviatenow.in)
Normally, after activation through T-cell receptor, calcineurin dephosphorylates a 'nuclear factor of activated T-cells' (NFAT) which translocates to the nucleus and triggers transcription of cytokine genes resulting in production of IL-2 and other cytokines. (alleviatenow.in)
CD4 + T cell subsets exert diverse functions due to their expression of characteristic cytokines. (rndsystems.com)
Intracellular markers include transcription factors that control CD4 + T cell differentiation as well as signature cytokines as they traffic through secretory organelles. (rndsystems.com)
The culture medium from CD4 + T cell differentiation procedures should be analyzed to confirm that the cells are secreting cytokines relevant to the desired cell subset. (rndsystems.com)
The combination of activated cytokines, checkpoint inhibition, CTLA-4 Ig, anti-CD52 antibodies, and TKIs may improve the clinical efficacy of universal immune cells. (cancerbiomed.org)
Consistent with M1 polarization, the MWCNTs induced the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-1, and proinflammatory LMs leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (cdc.gov)

Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
These findings indicate that apigenin might be a useful strategy for controlling metastasis and the invasiveness of tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our current research is also focused on elucidating the signaling events that induce tumor EMT, which could potentially lead to novel ways to prevent metastasis. (nih.gov)
Emerging roles ofthe tumor-associated stroma in promoting tumor metastasis.Cell Adh Migr. (edu.pl)
p53 −/− MSC exosomes deliver UBR2 to target cells and promote gastric cancer growth and metastasis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

Koontongkaew S, Monthanapisut P, Saensuk T: Inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism decreases tumor cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase expression. (karger.com)
Inherited resistance is noted in prostate cancer cells that do not express BCL2, indicating that taxanes' mechanism of action relies at least partly on BCL2 inhibition. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Thus, normal cells can be empowered by p53 activation to induce Par-4 secretion for inhibition of therapy-resistant tumors. (uky.edu)
These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)

Relationship between hematogenous tumor cell dissemination and cellular immunity in DCIS patients. (nature.com)
How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
ABSTRACT To test the role of T helper cell Th1 immunity we recruited 24 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia associated with H. pylori seropositivity. (who.int)

71 Clusterin is a small heat shock glycoprotein overexpressed in most of the solid tumors, which promotes apoptosis by binding to various molecules such as BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) 72 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)−1. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Hypoxia is a typical condition in solid tumors, and cancer-derived EVs support tumor growth and invasion of tissues by tumor cells. (timegate.com)

Cigana C, Assael BM, Melotti P: Azithromycin selectively reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)

Folkman, J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. (nature.com)
This compound at dosages of Avosentan (SPP301) 50C200 M kills tumours by up\regulating intracellular reactive oxygen varieties 4, arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis 5, 6, reversing drug resistance 7 and inhibiting angiogenesis 8, 9. (findadig.com)
Wogonin down\regulates the PI3K\Akt pathway, therefore suppressing LPS\ or H2O2\induced angiogenesis 10. (findadig.com)
Tumor angiogenesis andprogression are enhanced by Sema4D produced by tumorassociatedmacrophages. (edu.pl)

The identification of immunosuppressive factors within human tumor microenvironments, and the ability to block these factors, would be expected to enhance patients' antitumor immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
Critical obstacles to immunotherapy in PDAC tumors include the dense desmoplastic stroma that acts as a barrier to T cell infiltration and high numbers of tumor-associated immunosuppressive cells, such as MDSCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs). (biomedcentral.com)
The team set out to clarify whether T cells can induce galectin-9 secretion in human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumours and whether this soluble form displays higher systemic immunosuppressive activity compared with the cell surface-based protein. (kent.ac.uk)

The antitumor effect provided by natural killing has been observed in tumors of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins and reported in diverse in vivo models and clinical series ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Our studies showed that the level of brachyury expression directly correlates with resistance to cytotoxic treatments and that treatment in vitro or in vivo with cycles of chemotherapy selects for a population of highly mesenchymal, invasive and brachyury positive tumor cells. (nih.gov)
In collaborative studies, we have developed a recombinant yeast-brachyury vector and characterized its ability to induce CD8+ and CD4+ brachyury-specific T cell-immune responses in vivo in murine models and in vitro with human cells. (nih.gov)
Blockage of the Sema3A-NRP1 axis via shRNA-mediated knockdown of Sema3A or NRP1 impeded clonogenic growth and TGFï ¢ pathway activity in GSCs and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
Importantly, the FAK inhibitor VS-4718 and FAK shRNA in the tumor cells were each effective in increasing CD8+ cytotoxic T cell infiltration into the PDAC tumors in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
Despite the presence of inducing signals GM-CSF is notexpressed in vivo. (edu.pl)

Pathologically, at an early stage, there is an influx of mononuclear cells followed by lymphocytes. (ersjournals.com)
First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
lymphocytes induce human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors to secrete galectin-9 which facilitates immunosuppression in cooperation with other immune checkpoint proteins' is published in The Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. (kent.ac.uk)
Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)

Muramic acid, endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, and ergosterol content explain monocyte and epithelial cell inflammatory responses to agricultural dusts. (cdc.gov)
Agricultural dusts induced monocyte tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and epithelial cell IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. (cdc.gov)
Because alcohol blocks airway epithelial cell release of IL-6 in vitro , we hypothesized that alcohol exposure would alter mouse lung inflammatory responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)

We suggest that specific cell types with antimicrobial capacity (eg, neutrophils or intestinal epithelial cells) alter microbial composition in the injured intestine. (bmj.com)
ROS are mainly produced by neutrophils and intestinal epithelial cells in IBD, whereas they are the direct product of water radiolysis following ionising radiation. (bmj.com)
CCL3 induces superoxide production by neutrophils, plays an inhibitory role in hematopoiesis, and displays inhibitory activity against strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV. (goldbio.com)
Knockdown of Alox5 using specific small hairpin-RNA suppressed MWCNT-induced M1 polarization, LTB4 secretion, and migration of neutrophils. (cdc.gov)

There are several proposed mechanisms for resistance, including increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling caused by increased AR expression, gene amplification, gene transcription, and tumor growth. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
In conclusion, prostate cancer cells have resistance mechanisms to overcome cytotoxic therapies such as docetaxel and cabazitaxel. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Hence, understanding known mechanisms could be a start in coming up with novel therapies to combat resistant prostate cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
The biological mechanisms of an acquired radioresistance induced by a priming exposure to 0.45 Gy in C57BL/6 mice have been studied. (go.jp)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
Based on whether it cooperates with the second receptor RET, GFRα has also been widely linked to the mechanisms that contribute to cell growth, differentiation and migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
We also demonstrated that brachyury plays a role in mechanisms of tumor resistance to conventional therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation. (nih.gov)
Stem-like GBM cells (GSCs) are a major driver of GBM propagation and recurrence, thus understanding the molecular mechanisms that promote GSCs may lead to effective therapeutic approaches. (bvsalud.org)
Yet, protein fasting apparently induces similar mechanisms as complete water fasts. (bistromd.com)
This research shows, for the first time, that T-cells induce galectin-9 secretion in various types of human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumours via differential biochemical mechanisms. (kent.ac.uk)
First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. (explorationpub.com)

The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
For protocols to stain membrane-associated molecules or intracellular molecules (using either detergents or alcohol to permeabilize the cell membrane), please visit Flow Cytometry Protocols on our website. (rndsystems.com)

Because tumour dormancy provides a unique therapeutic window to prevent metastatic disease, we discuss on-going clinical trials and weigh the potential for immunotherapy to eradicate dormant disease. (nature.com)
Goss, P. E. & Chambers, A. F. Does tumour dormancy offer a therapeutic target? (nature.com)
This approach set the basis for therapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating aberrantly glycosylated cancer cells. (nature.com)
Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
These studies identify a novel regulatory relationship between two tumor suppressors and may provide a better understanding of therapeutic resistance in tumors with p53 wild type status. (uky.edu)
therefore, carcinoma cells undergoing the EMT might be selected rather than eliminated by standard therapeutic anti-tumor interventions. (nih.gov)
Moreover, a synergistic therapeutic approach combining anti-Ly6G and anti-PD-L1 agents markedly enhanced the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, resulting in a remarkable reduction in tumor burden. (cancerbiomed.org)

A number of previous publications have demonstrated the upregulation of TNF-α in a variety of contexts including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid protein, macrophage protein secretion and macrophage TNF messenger ribonucleic acid content 9 - 16 . (ersjournals.com)
In the Kcne2 potassium channel ancillary subunit knockout model, disruption of this gene induces achlorhydria and is related to reduced parietal cell protein secretion and abnormal parietal cell morphology. (medscape.com)

instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
Our laboratory has identified the T-box transcription factor brachyury as a novel tumor antigen, a driver of human tumor EMT and drug resistance, and a target for T-cell mediated immunotherapy. (nih.gov)
Dr. Palena is active in the area of tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy. (nih.gov)

Targeting of NAD metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells: potential novel therapy for pancreatic tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Malignant glucagonomas are islet cell pancreatic tumors that are discovered because of glucagonoma syndrome (in which the glucagonoma autonomously secretes glucagon), because of local mass effects, or incidentally. (medscape.com)

70 Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia differentiation protein 1) and other members of the BCL family, such as BCL-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extra-large), are also involved in resistance to Interleukin (IL)-6, stromal cell derived factor-1, and cytokine-induced apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
IECs released APRIL after sensing bacteria through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and further increased APRIL production by activating dendritic cells via thymic stromal lymphopoietin. (nih.gov)
In contrast, paracrine CXCL8 signaling induced expression and secretion of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 from prostate stromal WPMY-1 fibroblasts and monocytic macrophage-like THP-1 cells. (oncotarget.com)
In vitro studies demonstrated functional co-operation of tumor-derived CXCL8 with stromal-derived chemokines. (oncotarget.com)
We conclude that tumor-derived CXCL8 signaling from PTEN-deficient tumor cells increases the sensitivity and responsiveness of CaP cells to stromal chemokines by concurrently upregulating receptor expression in cancer cells and inducing stromal chemokine synthesis. (oncotarget.com)
Active Notch signaling in MM cells induces the secretion of the key osteoclastogenic factor, RANKL, which can be boosted in the presence of stromal cells. (oncotarget.com)

Background Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells can potentially enhance the tumor-killing activity of chemotherapy. (jcancer.org)

Dormant cancer cells: programmed quiescence, senescence, or both? (nature.com)
Cancer Cell 18 , 485-498 (2010). (nature.com)
In this study, we investigated the apigenin effects on the protease-mediated invasiveness in human metastatic cancer cell lines Caski, SK-Hep1, and MDA-231. (spandidos-publications.com)
We found that apigenin markedly inhibits the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced increase in MMP-9 expression and activity in several cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
Since BCL2, a protein that indirectly inhibits cell apoptosis, is required for certain chemotherapies to work, the absence of BCL2 obscures their uses in prostate cancer. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
A fourth mechanism suggests that cytotoxic drugs are removed from the source using efflux pumps, and the last mechanism is microtubule alterations that affect cytotoxic drug attachment to cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
75,76 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits apoptosis by activating NF-κB and its downstream pathway, including IL6 and IL8, in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, whereas it promotes apoptosis in androgen-dependent cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
EVs are known to carry information from one cell to another and therefore it is currently a "hot topic" in cancer and biomedical research. (timegate.com)
The effect of CIK cells on re-sensitizing lung cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug was partially dependent on the secretion of IFN-γ. (jcancer.org)
The result is the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, accompanied by an auto-vaccination preventing the recurrence of cancer. (pipelinereview.com)
Posttranscriptional upregulation of IDH1 by HuR establishes a powerful survival phenotype in pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
In the early phases of cancer immune surveillance, NK cells directly identify and lyse cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, p53 is intact and functional in normal tissues, and we observed that specific activation of p53 in normal fibroblasts could induce apoptosis selectively in p53-deficient cancer cells. (uky.edu)
The central hypothesis of our research is that immunization against a molecular driver of EMT could lead to the generation of a T-cell immune response that ultimately will eradicate the population of metastatic, drug-resistant cancer cells expressing the EMT target of choice. (nih.gov)
These findings may have implications for cancer therapy as blockade of IL-8 could possibly be a new way to target mesenchymal-like, invasive carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
To this end, we have demonstrated that human brachyury-specific T cells can be expanded from the blood of cancer patients with a brachyury-specific peptide, and have shown that those T cells are able to lyse various brachyury-expressing tumor cells. (nih.gov)
The murine colon cancer cell collection (MC\38) was kindly gifted by Dr. Hursting (University or college of Texas\Austin). (findadig.com)
This notion of cell regeneration through fasting is wonderfully conceptualized by cancer patients. (bistromd.com)
It is of particular interest due to its ability to suppress the anticancer activities of T-cells - a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system and can be used to help fight cancer. (kent.ac.uk)
As such, galectin-9 is used by cancer cells to escape immune surveillance. (kent.ac.uk)
Tackling the ability of Galectin-9 to nullify the effectiveness of T-cells and other anti-cancer activities of treatments - or at least a further understanding of how this happens - could help make more cancers curable. (kent.ac.uk)
2] Anton K, Glod J. Targeting the tumor stroma in cancer therapy.Curr Pharm Biotechnol. (edu.pl)
Lung cancer cells produce more miR-23a-contained exosomes under hypoxic condition. (biomedcentral.com)
Knockdown of TP53 which is encoding gene of p53 protein induces colorectal cancer cells to produce exosomes with reduced sizes in a HGS-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
TEXs from EGFRvIII expressing glioma cells are enriched with focal adhesion related proteins to promote the invasion of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CIK cells on cisplatin (DDP) resistance in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549/DDP. (jcancer.org)
Wogonin (30 mg/kg) also prevented lipopolysaccharide\induced acute lung injury and swelling in mice peroxisome proliferator\activated receptor gamma\mediated attenuation of NF\B pathway 20. (findadig.com)
Tumor-associated macrophagesinfiltration is associated with peritumoral lymphangiogenesisand poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. (edu.pl)
HDE-induced lung inflammatory aggregates clearly present in the tissue from HDE only exposed animals were not visually detectable in the HDE/alcohol co-exposure group. (cdc.gov)
Containing respirable crystalline silica, FSD could pose hazards similar to those found in work sites where silica inhalation induces lung disease such as silicosis. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, we found that shRNA knockdown of FAK in PDAC cells results in failure of PDAC cells to induce pro-fibrotic programs in fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)

Shimizu T, Shimizu S: Azithromycin inhibits mucus hypersecretion from airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
Another mechanism is up-regulation of pathways that inhibits cell apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Wogonin also inhibits tumour\mediated induction of Treg cells by inhibiting TGF\1 activity 25. (findadig.com)
Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)

Accordingly, Par-4-null or -knockdown cells demonstrated increased resistance to apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress. (uky.edu)

However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)

Insulin suppresses growth hormone secretion by rat pituitary cells. (jci.org)
The effects of insulin on basal and hydrocortisone-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion were studied in rat pituitary tumor cells (GH3). (jci.org)
Cells were grown in monolayer culture and exposed to exogenously added insulin for up to 8 d. (jci.org)
Basal GH secretion was inhibited by insulin (0.7 nM) after a 48-h lag period by approximately 50% (P less than 0.01, vs. untreated control cells). (jci.org)
The suppression of GH secretion was reversible, as removal of added insulin resulted in return of GH secretion to normal levels after 24 h. (jci.org)
Maximal suppression of basal GH secretion was achieved by 0.7 nM insulin, and these effects were prevented by simultaneous exposure of the cells to guinea pig anti-insulin serum (1:2,000). (jci.org)
No effects of insulin on cell replication were evident, and glucose concentration in the medium did not differ in control or insulin-treated wells. (jci.org)
Insulin (7 nM) significantly suppressed the fivefold hydrocortisone-induced GH stimulation during 5 d of incubation with up to 1,000 nM of the steroid (P less than 0.001). (jci.org)
Although higher doses (13 nM) of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) also suppressed basal GH secretion, IGF-I did not alter the GH and PRL secretory changes induced by hydrocortisone. (jci.org)
The results show that insulin exerts a direct, specific inhibitory effect on basal and hydrocortisone-induced GH secretion by GH3 cells unrelated to glucose utilization by the cells. (jci.org)
However, when absolutely no energy intake is present, the healthy cells eat the disruptive cells, and the body halts insulin secretion. (bistromd.com)
Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees of peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia. (msdmanuals.com)
In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)

These results showed apigenin might inhibit the invasion and migration abilities of Caski cells by reducing the MMP-9 expression through suppressing the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Functional studies show that SFRP3 can inhibit Wnt5a signaling and induce a decrease in migration and invasion. (lu.se)

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)
In vitro differentiation of Th9 cells from the larger CD4 + T cell population provides increased numbers of Th9 cells to facilitate research into their functions. (rndsystems.com)
Following cell differentiation, flow cytometry can be used to verify the expression of established cell surface or intracellular markers of CD4 + T cell subsets. (rndsystems.com)
In this distinct hematopoietic state, hematopoietic progenitor cells (HSPCs) are recruited to the spleen, where they undergo differentiation into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). (cancerbiomed.org)

Wogonin also up\regulates the manifestation of p21, p27 and p53 to induce tumour cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase 15. (findadig.com)
Wogonin also down\regulates OVA\induced Th2 immune responses, particularly IgE and IL\5 prediction 24. (findadig.com)
We found that FAK in tumor cells regulates pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine secretion. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytotoxic eff-ect on tumor cells. (alleviatenow.in)

At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. (frontiersin.org)
Avantor® can help equip your life sciences lab with the products, equipment, and supplies you need - whether you work in cell biology, genomics, proteomics, or other fields. (vwr.com)

Compared with normal cells, tumor cells secrete more exosomes, and the number of exosomes secreted by different tumor cells varies dramatically [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Specialized hypothalamic neurons secrete pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the portal blood vessels, which acts on the gonadotrophs to cause a pulsatile release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which act on ovarian follicle cells to control folliculogenesis. (glowm.com)
However, solid tumour cells at rest are known to secrete either very low amounts of galectin-9 or, in most of the cases, do not secrete it at all. (kent.ac.uk)

Kim YD, Cho JS, Kim HS, Song SH: Effect of macrolide on the interleukin-1 β-mediated MUC2/5AC genes expression and mucin secretion in human airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
Incubating colonic epithelial cells with faecal suspensions from irradiated mice increased tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion when compared with suspensions derived from non-irradiated mice. (bmj.com)
We have recently demonstrated, for example, that brachyury overexpression induces the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and expression of IL-8 receptors, and that IL-8 signaling is critical for maintaining the mesenchymal characteristics of human tumor cells. (nih.gov)

Methods The detect resistance index, drug resistance related-genes and cytokine secretion of A549/DDP co-cultured with CIK cells were assayed in vitro . (jcancer.org)
Results After A549/DDP co-culture with CIK cells, the DDP resistance of A549/DDP significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
Conclusion CIK cells can reverse the drug resistance of A549/DDP in a time-dependent manner by reducing GST-π expression to increase the accumulation of DDP. (jcancer.org)
TL-532 also demonstrated its remarkable ability to overcome Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) tumor-resistance, thus increasing the clinical landscape for ICI combination treatment. (pipelinereview.com)
Liver tumors characterized by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated moderate responses to anti-Ly6G treatment, while showing resistance to PD-1 blockade. (cancerbiomed.org)

10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
Of the pathways evaluated, we found that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity is elevated in human PDAC and that FAK activity correlates with highly fibrotic tumors with poor CD8 + T cell infiltration. (biomedcentral.com)
A specially formulated aqueous extract of propolis (PWE) has been prepared in such a way to preclude the inclusion of flavonoids but contain mostly organic aromatic acids to study whether it would still protect against radiation-induced intestinal mucositis and to study the possible involvement of apoptotic pathways. (blogspot.com)

We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
Pancreatic cancers require autophagy for tumor growth. (frontiersin.org)
The biggest benefit of fasting is the induced autophagy of cells. (bistromd.com)
Bulletproof purports that protein fasting once a week induces autophagy and encourages the degradation of old cells into newer, better ones. (bistromd.com)

Induces cytokine secretion in the inflammatory response. (alleviatenow.in)

The pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor Par-4 is lost, down-regulated, inactivated or mutated in a number of cancers. (uky.edu)
Using genetically matched cells, we show that Par-4 expression is required for stabilization and function of the tumor suppressor p53, which constitutes the hub of signaling networks controlling important cellular and organismal phenotypes. (uky.edu)

Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)

We found that exposure of renal adenocarcinoma cells to hypoxia induced EV secretion and led to notable changes in the EV protein cargo in comparison to normoxia. (timegate.com)

Aberrations of AR, erythroblast transformation-specific ( ETS ) genes, Tumor protein 53 (TP53), and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) occurred in 40%-60% of 150 mCRPC cases in a recent study. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

We found that apigenin could inhibit PMA-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), which was involved in the down-regulation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at mRNA levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
Wogonin stimulated the activation of NF\B and Erk but down\controlled STAT3 phosphorylation in the Avosentan (SPP301) CD4+ T cells. (findadig.com)
Wogonin down\controlled Erk and STAT3\Y705 phosphorylation in the regulatory T cells but advertised NF\B and STAT3\S727 activation. (findadig.com)
Wogonin induces Erk phosphorylation 13 and activates p38MAPK 14 to result in apoptosis of tumour cells. (findadig.com)

We previously established that an unidentified factor, or factors, present in ovarian tumor ascites fluids reversibly inhibited the activation of T cells by arresting the T-cell signaling cascade. (aacrjournals.org)

Pancreatic stellate cells support tumour metabolism through autophagic alanine secretion. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, by analyzing the effects of Wnt5a on the malignant melanoma proteome, we provide evidence for a cell context dependent reprogramming of cellular metabolism induced by Wnt5a. (lu.se)
Cell Metabolism. (lu.se)

Rab27A/B-induced exosome secretion decreases the expression of tumor-suppressive microRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

The tumor may appear as a malignant pancreatic tumor discovered because of local growth, with or without metastases, or the tumor may be associated with insulinoma or gastrinoma. (medscape.com)
Immunohistological studyof mononuclear cell infiltrate in malignant gliomas. (edu.pl)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell (PC) disorder accounting for approximately 10% of all hematological cancers. (oncotarget.com)
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor type, in which Wnt signaling is essential. (lu.se)
Using melanocyte and malignant melanoma cell lines, we demonstrate that the down-regulation is due to methylation. (lu.se)

16-membered) on MUC5AC and MUC2 gene expression and secretion from human airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
AZM and MDM attenuated PMA-induced MUC5AC and MUC2 gene and protein expression in NCI-H292 cells. (karger.com)
The vast majority of glucagonomas are sporadic (80%) with the remainder associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) , an inherited tumor predisposition syndrome, or Mahvash disease, an extremely rare cause of familial pancreatic α-cell hyperplasia and glucagonoma due to inactivating mutations in the glucagon receptor ( GCGR ) gene. (medscape.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. (cancerindex.org)
Explore our solutions for multiple applications - vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cell or gene therapy. (vwr.com)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
Docetaxel, in addition to stabilizing microtubules, also induces apoptosis by downregulating antiapoptotic proteins. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Regardless of the type or the physiological or pathological state of the originating cell, exosomes share common features as enriched with nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The secreted proteins may be involved in cell-cell communication. (biomedcentral.com)

Similar to other islet cell tumors, the primary and metastatic lesions are slow growing. (medscape.com)
The microbiota: an underestimated actor in radiation-induced lesions? (bmj.com)

Transmission of the radiation-altered microbiota into germ-free wild-type mice rendered them susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and radiation injury. (bmj.com)
Mid\dose (20 mg/kg) wogonin treatment significantly inhibited chronic colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) within 2 weeks through the down\rules of Th2\connected cytokine, particularly IL\4 and IL\10 secretion 23. (findadig.com)

Large animal farming dust(s)-induced inflammation is not entirely dependent on endotoxin. (cdc.gov)
and EPITHELIAL CELLS that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and INFLAMMATION. (curehunter.com)
In this issue, Gerassy-Vainberg et al 10 demonstrated that radiation-induced dysbiosis promoted susceptibility to radiation-induced injury and intestinal inflammation. (bmj.com)
Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist in clinical use, ameliorated radiation-induced injury and inflammation. (bmj.com)
For example, massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a shared feature of intestinal inflammation in IBD and radiation-induced injury. (bmj.com)
1996 and 1999) suc- received a prior dermal application of TDI did not exhibit any ceeded in inducing tracheal hyperreactivity and inflammation ventilatory response or inflammatory changes compared to vehicle controls. (cdc.gov)

Abnormal production of these bioactive peptides can lead to significant systemic toxic consequences and to the promotion of further tumor growth. (medscape.com)
In addition, abnormal hormone secretion can alter parietal cell function. (medscape.com)

TGFï ¢ signaling enhances self-renewal and survival of GBM tumors through induction of key stem cell factors, but it evokes cytostatic responses in NPCs. (bvsalud.org)

Mechanistically, p53 induced Par-4 secretion by suppressing the expression of UACA, a binding partner of Par-4, and thereby releasing Par-4 from sequestration by UACA. (uky.edu)

Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
Unregulated production (overproduction) of peptide hormones and growth factors, which are not normally expressed in the tissue of origin, is characteristic of neuroendocrine tumors. (medscape.com)
We found that wogonin given at 50 and 100 mg/kg inhibited tumour growth and advertised the recruitment of DC, T, and NK cells in the tumour cells in the xenograft tumour model of mice 26. (findadig.com)
We have identified that Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), originally known as an axon guidance molecule in the central nervous system, promotes clonogenic growth of GBM cells but not normal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). (bvsalud.org)
Increased insulinlike growth factor levels are associated with non-beta cell tumors. (medscape.com)

NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Our study shown that high\dose wogonin treatments would enhance immune activity by revitalizing the effector T cells and by down\regulating regulatory T cells. (findadig.com)
Moreover, the effects of high\dose wogonin within the function of the effector T and regulatory T cell were examined. (findadig.com)
T helper type 9 (Th9) cells constitute one subset of CD4 + effector T cells and are characterized by the secretion of IL-9, IL-10, and IL-21. (rndsystems.com)

5-8 Importantly, mice that lack colonisation of microbes (ie, raised germ free) were resistant to lethal radiation enteritis, indicating that the microbiota controls intestinal disease processes consequent to radiation-induced damage. (bmj.com)
Oxidative stress is actively inducing the expansion of Proteobacteria 11 12 and possibly being detrimental to the numerous oxygen-sensitive Firmicutes members in the intestinal microbiota. (bmj.com)

But mice pretreated at this priming dose did not show a marked recovery of peripheral blood cell counts after challenging irradiation with mid- or sublethal X-ray doses (a significant, albeit slight, increase in the blood cell counts in the preirradiated group was observed after a lower challenging exposure to 5.0 Gy). (go.jp)
Th9 polarized cells are present in low abundance in normal human peripheral blood. (rndsystems.com)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stained with APC-conjugated Mouse Anti-Human CD19 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB4867A ) and either (A) PE-conjugated Mouse Anti-Human CCR6 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB195P ) or (B) PE-conjugated Mouse IgG2B Isotype Control (Catalog # IC0041P ). (rndsystems.com)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms13

Diseases65

Chemicals and Drugs54

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment46

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care5

Microenvironment17

Macrophages15

Anti-tumor immunity3

Proliferation16

Progression9

Cytokines10

Metastasis5

Inhibition4

Immunity3

Solid tumors2

Necrosis factor-alpha1

Angiogenesis4

Immunosuppressive3

Vivo6

Lymphocytes4

Epithelial cell3

Neutrophils4

Mechanisms12

Molecules4

Therapeutic7

Protein secretion2

Immunotherapy3

Pancreatic tumors2

Stromal6

Cytokine-induced1

Cancer28

Lung5

Fibroblasts1

Inhibits4

Apoptosis induced1

Innate immune cells2

Insulin13

Invasion2

Differentiation4

Regulates3

Cytotoxic1

Biology3

Secrete3

Interleukin3

Resistance5

Pathways3

Autophagy4

Inflammatory response1

Suppressor2

Antigens1

Hypoxia1

Genes1

Phosphorylation4

Ovarian1

Metabolism3

Decreases1

Malignant5

Gene5

Proteins5

Lesions2

Dextran sodium2

Inflammation6

Abnormal2

Survival1

Mechanistically1

Growth5

Effector4

Intestinal2

Peripheral3

Dendritic Cells1