• In solid tumors the use of CD279 IgG4 Ab is promising, and further CD273/PD-L2 in stage IV. (wikipedia.org)
  • Why and how it is replacing past approaches in the management of solid tumors is the subject of this two-part overview. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The situation with solid tumors is considerably more complex, and the evolution of targeted therapies for these cancers is still in its infancy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • At present, and for some years to come, the treatment of most solid tumors will continue to rely on a patchwork of empirically derived and newly introduced molecularly targeted agents. (cancernetwork.com)
  • We believe that these data support the importance of combining a "fit" multi-tumor specific T cell approach with other T cell immuno-oncology mechanisms and represent a unique opportunity to transform treatment paradigms, especially in solid tumors. (neximmune.com)
  • High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) has shown promise as a biomarker in lung cancer, but the broad applicability of TMB-H as a biomarker of response across all solid tumors is unclear. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The FDA has approved the PD-1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab, as a therapy for all solid tumors with TMB equal to or greater than 10 mutations/megabase as measured by the FoundationOne CDx assay. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This approval was based on an exploratory analysis of the KEYNOTE-158 study, which was a single-arm, phase II multi-cohort study of pembrolizumab for select, previously treated advanced solid tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Here, we elucidate the caveats of using TMB as a biomarker with a universal threshold across all solid tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We highlight the risks of extrapolating evidence from a limited number of tumor histologies to all solid tumors, and we propose avenues for future research. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The FDA has approved the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, pembrolizumab, in solid tumors with a tumor mutational burden (TMB) ≥ 10 mutations/megabase based on the FoundationOne CDx assay. (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, concerns exist whether TMB thresholds for predicting response to PD-1 blockade are equivalent across the spectrum of solid tumors, and there are scenarios where high TMB does not predict response. (aacrjournals.org)
  • On June 16, 2020, the FDA approved the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA, Merck & Co., Inc.), for the treatment of tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) solid tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Perspectives of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte treatment in solid tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These include personalized anti-cancer vaccines (dendritic cell based) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers. (mayo.edu)
  • The basic principles of chimeric antigen receptor design. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Active immunotherapy against cancer is less effective, mainly because cancer cells have developed strategies to escape the normal immune response. (oncolink.org)
  • Our findings show that TRIM28 is necessary for MAGEC2 expression in cancer cells, and TRIM28 may serve as a new potential target for immunotherapy of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reported trials of cancer immunotherapy, including vaccines, are demonstrating the ability to elicit detectable tumor specific immunity in cancer patients. (iths.org)
  • Standardization and development of reproducible and clinical grade immunologic assays to determine the magnitude of tumor specific immune responses generated in the context of clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy is an area of research in the TVG. (iths.org)
  • Background CD8 + T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • GAITHERSBURG, Md., Aug. 10, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NexImmune, Inc. (Nasdaq: NEXI), a biotechnology company developing a novel approach to immunotherapy designed to orchestrate a targeted immune response by directing the function of antigen-specific T cells in oncology, autoimmune and infectious diseases, today reported financial results for the second quarter of 2023. (neximmune.com)
  • Tumor Mutational Burden as a Predictor of Immunotherapy Response: Is More Always Better? (aacrjournals.org)
  • The Lm -LLO technology, using bioengineered live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes bacteria, is the only known cancer immunotherapy agent shown in preclinical studies to both generate cancer fighting T-cells directed against a cancer antigen and neutralize Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), that protect the tumor microenvironment from immunologic attack and contribute to tumor growth. (innovationnj.net)
  • Blocking these markers has been studied as a means to tumour rejection and further studies are underway to investigate T-cell exhaustion management in tumour immunotherapy. (labcanada.com)
  • There is evidence showing that high avidity CTLs can be more effective than low avidity CTLs for adoptive tumor immunotherapy. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Fig. 4: A lower level of CAR-mediated TROG-antigen expression was associated with improved clinical response to CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells are directly infused and are not induced within the patient. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In our clinical trials with our adoptive cell therapy, we have demonstrated the ability to expand AML tumor-specific T cells with combined memory and effector functions and have observed clinical responses. (neximmune.com)
  • Recent studies suggest that dendritic cells may be even more potent, because these cells can efficiently present tumor antigens to effector T cells, thereby circumventing the poor antigen-presenting properties of tumor cells. (nova.edu)
  • This treatment regimen was associated with increased polyfunctionality of CD8 T cells, elevated T effector to T regulatory cell ratios, and decreased TGFβ secretion from microglia. (xstrahl.com)
  • The class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells were potent CTL effector cells that efficiently lysed an HLA-A2-matched monocyte cell line pulsed with peptide as well as autologous macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the whole Ag85A protein. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Trogocytosis is an active process that transfers surface material from targeted to effector cells. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Impact of antigen-induced self-engagement on CAR-NK effector cell phenotype and function. (nature.com)
  • Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Licensed recognition of these antigens by effector T cells may in turn trigger the collapse of the tumor stroma and aid in the regression of large vascularized lesions. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • NK cells, among other cells, are key effector cells of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in the antiviral response. (cdc.gov)
  • The effector capability of NK cells has been described in a wide range of viral infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and human cytomegalovirus infection ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • T-cell exhaustion is characterized by weakened immune system, e.g., dysfunctional MEMORY T CELLS differentiation and EPIGENETIC REPRESSION of IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY effector functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • It has been postulated that autoantibodies directed against the postsynaptic receptors of the depolarizing, or "ON" bipolar cells, disrupt neural transmission with associated rod photoreceptors, resulting in the predominantly rod-related visual compromise. (reviewofophthalmology.com)
  • Outcomes for patients with melanoma have improved over the past decade with the clinical development and approval of immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternative inhibitory receptors have been identified that may be targeted for anti-tumor immune therapy, such as lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), as have several potential target oncogenes for molecularly targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternative inhibitory receptors have been identified that may also be targeted for anti-tumor immune therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These include the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), TIGIT, and B-and T-lymphocyte-associated protein (BTLA) receptors associated with T cell exhaustion and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), a receptor found on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are mainly involved in inhibiting NK killing (inhibitory KIRs) via interaction with MHC class I molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I" by people in this website by year, and whether "Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Surprisingly, IL-12-dependent enhancement of CD8+ T-cell anti-tumor function did not occur through direct ligation of receptors on lymphocytes or NK cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • We investigated the genetic profiles of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in Ebola virus-infected patients. (cdc.gov)
  • One insight is the identification of tumor antigens (small proteins recognized as "foreign" by the immune system) that stimulate the T-cells of the immune system. (oncolink.org)
  • The identification of proteins and carbohydrates associated with melanoma led to development of defined antigen vaccines. (northwestern.edu)
  • We now know that human tumors are immunogenic and have identified a variety of proteins that act as tumor antigens, i.e. stimulate an immune response. (iths.org)
  • Dr. Mamula's central research interests are in investigating the early events involved with breaking immune tolerance to self proteins, both in autoimmune disease and in tumor biology. (yale.edu)
  • T cells are a particular type of white blood cell that fight infection by activating cells to release cytotoxic cytokines - small proteins - and signalling chemicals instead of involving antibodies. (labcanada.com)
  • Because many T cell-recognized tumor antigens are nonmutated self-proteins, tolerance mechanisms are likely to render high avidity T cells unresponsive or cause T cell elimination by clonal deletion. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • They demonstrated that type I MAGE plays a critical role in conferring resistance to chemotherapy and inhibition of apoptosis in myeloma cells through regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and the tumor suppressor p53. (themmrf.org)
  • Examples of such a molecule are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152), which is an inhibitory receptor found on immune cells and programmed cell death 1 (CD279), which has an important role in down-regulating the immune system by preventing the activation of T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Murine NKG2D recognition of MICA/B is an important receptor-ligand interaction used by NK cells in immunodeficient strains to limit engraftment of human tumors. (nih.gov)
  • The increased antigen sensitivity of CD8 T-cells from HD precultures of PBMCs is associated with tonic T-cell receptor signaling as indicated by enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD3 ζ chains and the tyrosine kinase Lck, thereby preparing T-cells for full responses. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • [ 10 ] Other factors studied include T-cell immunoglobulin, mucin-domain-containing-3, interleukin (IL)-6, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1. (medscape.com)
  • To deconvolute how the T-cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 orchestrate activation of human T cells, we stimulate cells using varying intensities of TCR and CD28 and profiled gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Finally, we observed that the A2-MelanA tetramer+ CTLs isolated from vitiligo patients expressed high levels of the skin homing receptor, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, which was absent from the CTLs seen in the single A*0201-positive normal control. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Specifically, we found that the WNT signaling cell surface receptor ROR2 represented a robust and genuine marker of all ALK+ ALCL patient tumor samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype that has specificity for TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA and LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA. (childrensmercy.org)
  • mannose receptor (Mister/Compact disc206) as the principal subscriber base path for both regular cable blood-derived AFP (nAFP) and tumor-derived AFP (tAFP) protein. (immune-source.com)
  • It has been proposed that four different types of tumor microenvironment exist based on the presence or absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Using tetrameric complexes of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I to identify antigen-specific T cells ex vivo, we observed high frequencies of circulating MelanA-specific, A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (A2-MelanA tetramer+ CTLs) in seven of nine HLA-A*0201-positive individuals with vitiligo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CMI) , cellular i. immune responses that are initiated by an antigen-presenting cell interacting with and mediated by T lymphocytes ( e.g., graft rejection, delayed-type hypersensitivity). (theodora.com)
  • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A number of cytokines and costimulatory molecules involved in immune activation have recently been identified including IL-12, a heterodimeric cytokine that supports the development of cell-mediated immunity, and B7-1, a costimulatory molecule involved in the activation of T lymphocytes. (univr.it)
  • T cell subset depletions demonstrated that the in vivo activity of IL-12 was largely independent of CD4+ T lymphocytes, whereas the in vivo activity of a B7-1 rVV required both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to elicit maximal therapeutic effect. (univr.it)
  • Some EBOV infections generate a cytokine storm, which hinders peripheral natural killer cells (NK) and T and B lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the principles of cancer immunoediting have largely been defined in mice with immunogenic tumors, it has now been demonstrated that an immune reaction against cancer can also occur in humans ( 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Previous work in mice and humans had indicated that CD4 T-cells transiently lose antigen sensitivity when cellular contacts are lost, e.g. by leaving lymphoid organs Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the only source of human lymphoid cells routinely available for immunologic research and for immunomonitoring of T-cell responses to microbial and tumor-associated antigens. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Previous work in mice and humans had indicated that CD4 T-cells transiently lose antigen sensitivity when cellular contacts are lost, e.g. by leaving lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LNs) and entering the circulation. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • All humans normally possess antibodies that react with the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) and the Tn antigens. (dadamo.com)
  • We recently used the allo-restricted strategy to circumvent immunologic tolerance to a ubiquitously expressed tumor-associated protein, MDM2, and raised high avidity CTLs in humans and in mice. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Clinical trials of LAK cells in humans are ongoing but this approach has not gained widespread use and is generally considered less effective than other cell therapies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However as cancer cells and pathogens repeatedly stimulate CD8 + , they eventually lose their ability to secrete the signalling chemicals that cause cell death and regulate the immune system such as interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ). (labcanada.com)
  • Progressive biliary destruction is independent of a functional tumor necrosis factor-alpha pathway in a rhesus rotavirus-induced murine model of biliary atresia. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Using three distinct assay systems, we evaluated the secretion of three different cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 8 (IL-8). (cdc.gov)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell function was examined in each mouse strain using standard (51)Chromium release assays. (nih.gov)
  • Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8 + T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. (bmj.com)
  • Tetramer assays revealed a 6-fold higher frequency of peptide-specific T cells than IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays, indicating functional heterogeneity within the CD8(+) T cell population. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Anti-centromere antibodies were mainly anti-CENP-B. ELISAs for extractable nuclear antigens and the assays for dsDNA were negative. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, they are investigating immunologic therapies with a focus on using cutting edge genomic and immunologic assays to map the interaction between myeloma and the immune system in the tumor microenvironment. (themmrf.org)
  • We review the relationship between TMB and the tumor immune microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • To address the limitations of the TMB, novel biomarkers are needed that account for the immunogenic quality of tumor mutations and capture the complexity of the tumor immune microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These cancer cells may express fewer antigens on their surfaces or lose their MHC class I expression.Variants may also protect themselves from T-cell attack via expression of IC molecules on their surfaces, like normal cells.Creation of an immunosuppressive state in the microenvironment is another way to grow without immunologic interference. (lecturio.com)
  • Dr. Slingluff's expertise involves identifying the tumor antigens that T cells target, and developing personalized vaccines aimed at improving these anti-cancer immune responses in patients. (cancerresearch.org)
  • Recent immunologic insights have led to advances in the challenge of using vaccines against cancer. (oncolink.org)
  • In certain lymphomas, the immunoglobulin antigen that the lymphoid cell is supposed to be producing becomes mutated, and hence a potential target for vaccines. (oncolink.org)
  • This may also provide oncologists with targets for vaccines against cancer cells. (oncolink.org)
  • However, vaccines derived from whole allogeneic cells have a number of advantages. (northwestern.edu)
  • Tumor vaccines: from gene therapy to dendritic cells--the emerging frontier. (nova.edu)
  • The critical challenge remains to understand fully the mechanisms of action and to further optimize dendritic cell vaccines to produce effective, durable, and, ultimately, therapeutic antitumor responses. (nova.edu)
  • These studies have now been applied to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in developing anti-tumor vaccines in breast cancer and colon cancer. (yale.edu)
  • IL-12 is an effective adjuvant to recombinant vaccinia virus-based tumor vaccines: enhancement by simultaneous B7-1 expression. (univr.it)
  • The upregulation of genes involved in aerobic glycolysis in "restored" CD8 memory T-cells relative to fresh cells might be an essential requirement for increased T-cell functionality including the regulation of IFN-γ production. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • We show that genes involved in cell cycle progression and division are CD28-driven in memory cells, but under TCR control in naive cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
  • Second, Dr. Cho's group discovered that two of the type I Melanoma Antigen Genes (MAGE), MAGE-A3 and MAGE-C1, are commonly expressed in multiple myeloma and are correlated with progression of disease and proliferation. (themmrf.org)
  • p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • We review this stratification and the latest in a series of results that shed light on new approaches for rationally designing ideal combination cancer therapies based on tumor immunology. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, our collaborations have generated preclinical data that highlights the potential to drive response in solid tumor indications, as well as non-malignant immunology diseases such as MS and SLE," said Kristi Jones, NexImmune's CEO. (neximmune.com)
  • The host immune system can also contribute to the efficacy of some cancer therapies where the tumor death induced may be "immunogenic" ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • It is generally agreed that cancer immunoediting is responsible for both eliminating tumors and sculpting the immunogenic phenotype of tumors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In HCC individual cells, tAFP was even more immunogenic, and Compact disc4+ Testosterone levels cell replies had been not really MR-dependent. (immune-source.com)
  • However, analysis of the CTLs revealed that they had been rendered unresponsive in vivo because they did not produce interferon gamma in response to antigen-specific stimulation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Instead, IL-12 sensitized host bone marrow-derived tumor-stromal cells, partly through interferon-gamma, to indirectly enhance the effects of adoptively-transferred T cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Vaccination with KSA-KLH may result in the production of antibodies as well as elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing the KSA antigen. (medindex.am)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antibodies that block programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and PD-L1, have transformed the management of many cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It is so rare to find the T antigen in healthy tissue, that we actually have antibodies against it. (dadamo.com)
  • Everyone has preexisting anti-T and anti-Tn antibodies, or a built in immune system response against cells with these markers. (dadamo.com)
  • T-cell engagers are bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The most frequently used engagers are antibodies targeting one tumor antigen and one molecule on T cells (mostly CD3). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Antibodies targeting two tumor antigens and CD3 are being tested. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We used indirect immunofluorescence, the crithidia assay for anti-dsDNA antibodies, and multiple ELISAs for extractable nuclear antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon successful treatment with IL-12TD cells, we observed the selective elimination of tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ F4/80+ macrophages, CD11b+/ClassII+/CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD11b+/Ly6C+/Ly6G- but not CD11b+/Ly6C+/Ly6G+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells within regressing lesions. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • The latter finding is particularly striking with regard to the appearance of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1)-specific CD8 T-cell responses in leukemia patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The leading cause of GVHD is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), most commonly allogeneic (between two individuals) rather than autologous (from the same individual). (medscape.com)
  • In allogeneic HSCT, donor T cells target malignant hematopoietic cell populations, creating a graft-versus-tumor effect. (medscape.com)
  • Sondak, VK & Sosman, JA 2003, ' Results of clinical trials with an allogeneic melanoma tumor cell lysate vaccine: Melacine® ', Seminars in Cancer Biology , vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 409-415. (northwestern.edu)
  • What, therefore, prevents the immunocompetent host from recognizing and attacking these allogeneic trophoblast tumors? (sloankettering.edu)
  • For each cancer discussed in the first part of our overview, as well as in Part II, which will deal with more common cancers, we briefly cover the tumor biology, how targeting was achieved, the introduction of immune modulation or immune-conjugates, and the impact these therapies are having in the disease. (cancernetwork.com)
  • As ROR2 targeting approaches for other cancers are under development (including lung and ovarian tumors), our findings suggest that ALK+ ALCL cases with resistance to current therapies may also benefit from ROR2 targeting strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By isolating immature and immunosuppressive cells from a patient's blood, transforming them into potent immune-stimulatory cells in the laboratory, and then injecting them back directly into the patient's bloodstream or tumor, these novel therapies have the potential to induce long-term tumor-specific durable responses. (mayo.edu)
  • By this process, tumor cells expressing antigenic epitopes with retinal photoreceptors elicit an immune response that cross-reacts with the retina, disrupting normal signal transmission. (reviewofophthalmology.com)
  • CD8(+) T cells responding to the 9-mer epitopes were visualized within fresh blood by ELISPOT using free peptide or by binding of HLA-A*0201 tetrameric complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Autoantibodies developing in breast cancer are not epiphenomena, but likely reflect an antigen-driven autoimmune response triggered by epitopes developing in the mammary gland during breast carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As noted above, a more vigorous dendritic cell presentation of antigens could trigger the immune response by T-cells. (oncolink.org)
  • We believe that the ability to bypass the host dendritic cell and directly engage T cells in the body provides the potential for greater specific T cell responses. (neximmune.com)
  • These tumor specific antigens are the result of mutations that cancer cells undergo, and in many cases that involve viral carcinogens, viral antigens. (oncolink.org)
  • in general, innate i. is nonspecific and is not stimulated by specific antigens. (theodora.com)
  • Finally, mechanisms of tumor immune escape are much better understood, such as the role tolerance plays in dampening the tumor specific immune response and the importance of appropriate antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, in initial immune stimulation. (iths.org)
  • The vaccine formulations targeting these antigens have caused a relatively weak immune response. (oncolink.org)
  • Interferon- g is a potential vaccine agent that could be used, as it generates mature dendritic cells. (oncolink.org)
  • A peptide vaccine containing an epitope of human tumor-associated KSA antigen (Ep-CAM) conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), with potential antineoplastic activity. (medindex.am)
  • Proof of concept studies using antigen-loaded dendritic cells have been performed, establishing clear evidence of vaccine safety and bioactivity by stimulating immunologic and even clinical responses in cancer patients. (nova.edu)
  • In melanoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma there is hope with CD279 blocking Ab, that promotes antitumor responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the only source of human lymphoid cells routinely available for immunologic research and for immunomonitoring of T-cell responses to microbial and tumor-associated antigens. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Thus, CD8 T-cell responses of the human tonsil show a significant drop in sensitivity to viral antigens if tissue-exit was simulated by keeping cells in dispersed culture at body temperature for two hours. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Indeed, application of the RESTORE protocol, i.e. pre-culturing PBMCs for two days at a high cell density before initiation of antigenic stimulation, demonstrated that CD8 T-cell responses to a broad range of viral and to tumor-associated antigens are greatly underestimated, and sometimes even remain undetected if conventional, unprocessed PBMC cultures are used. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Taken together, the RESTORE protocol, which was initially described for the CD4 T-cell response to the antibody TGN1412 permits a more meaningful monitoring of CD8 T-cell responses to viral infections and tumors. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • However, extremely strong immune responses have been generated using a "boost" to the immune system, provided by viruses that encode antigens similar to the target. (oncolink.org)
  • In fact, immature dendritic cells can actually cause the suppression of responses to antigen. (oncolink.org)
  • Then, we will use our immunologic tools (antigen tetramers, etc) to interrogate host immune responses to trophoblast tumor antigen. (sloankettering.edu)
  • T-cell activation is a critical driver of immune responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The CD28 costimulation is an essential regulator of CD4 T-cell responses, however, its relative importance in naive and memory T cells is not fully understood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our study provides important insights into the differential role of costimulation in naive and memory T-cell responses and disease susceptibility. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Methods CT26 models were treated with anti-PD-1 on days 3, 6 and 9 following subcutaneous tumor implantation generating variable responses during early tumor development. (bmj.com)
  • Adoptive transfer of Tet lo showed more effective tumor control than Tet hi , and curative responses were achieved when Tet lo was combined with two doses of anti-PD-1. (bmj.com)
  • There is considerable interest in the development of vaccination strategies that would elicit strong tumor-specific CTL responses in cancer patients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, recombinant vaccinia viruses containing mutated minigene sequences may lead to new strategies for the induction of strong tumor-specific CTL responses in cancer patients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Immune responses to antigens originating in the central nervous system (CNS) are generally attenuated, as collateral damage can have devastating consequences. (xstrahl.com)
  • The B16 murine melanoma model was used to compare cytotoxic responses against established tumors in the CNS and in the periphery. (xstrahl.com)
  • Now Heiichiro Udono and colleagues at Okayama University and Kawasaki University in Japan explain these anticancer responses in a report investigating the drug's effects on the immune system's T cells. (labcanada.com)
  • My studies on the mechanism of the RESTORE protocol show that HD preculture of PBMCs does not involve antigen-or cytokine-driven clonal expansion of T-cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Cytokine analysis of tissues from brain tumor-bearing mice detected elevated TGFβ secretion from microglia and in the serum and TGFβ signaling blockade reversed tolerance of tumor antigen-directed CD8 T cells. (xstrahl.com)
  • It has been suggested that cytokine acc leukoreduction prevents transmission of cyc cumulation in plasma of platelet concenc tomegalovirus and decreases alloimmunizac trates (PC) during storage may contribute tion to human leukocyte antigen (HLA), it to development of nonchaemolytic febrile does not prevent allergic reactions. (who.int)
  • Immunodeficient mice serve as critical hosts for transplantation of xenogeneic cells for in vivo analysis of various biological processes. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, NOD-scid beta2m(null) and NOD-scid IL2Rgamma(null) mice show rapid tumor engraftment, although tumor growth is variable in NOD-scid beta2m(null) mice. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers tested the effects of dissolving metformin in the drinking water of mice injected with leukaemia cells and confirmed complete rejection of the tumours. (labcanada.com)
  • When the mice were subsequently re-injected with twice the amount of cancer cells, no tumours formed suggesting an immunologic memory response. (labcanada.com)
  • Further experiments with mice lacking certain cell types showed that the influence of metformin on CD8 + T cells in particular was responsible for the anticancer effects. (labcanada.com)
  • The researchers incubated isolated T cells and found that CD8+ T cells from metformin-treated mice still produced immune response chemicals. (labcanada.com)
  • Further comparisons revealed specific memory characteristics and protein producing abilities in the T cells of metformin treated mice. (labcanada.com)
  • These chemicals continued to be produced by T cells isolated from metformin-treated mice. (labcanada.com)
  • In this study, we investigated whether high avidity MDM2-specific CTLs can mediate tumor protection without causing damage to normal tissues in mice. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Although the CTLs prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice without causing damage to normal tissues, tumor protection was incomplete. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Although IL-12 given alone to mice bearing tumors established for 3 days did not have consistent antitumor activity, a profound therapeutic effect was observed when IL-12 administration was combined with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) encoding beta-gal called VJS6. (univr.it)
  • On the basis of the reported synergistic effects of IL-12 and the costimulatory molecule B7-1 (CD80) in vitro, we immunized mice with a double recombinant vaccinia encoding both the model tumor Ag and the costimulatory molecule B7-1, designated B7-1 beta-gal rVV. (univr.it)
  • The main focus of our laboratory is the identification of human tumor antigens recognized by human [killer T cells] inhopes of creating novel immunologic treatments for human cancer. (cancerresearch.org)
  • There are numerous immune cell types found in cancers and many components of an immune reaction to cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • After years of controversy, it is now recognized that the immune system can play a role in the control of tumor growth and progression ( 1 ), a process known as cancer immunoediting ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Notably, immune infiltrates are highly heterogeneous, not only between tumor types, but also within one patient or between different patients with the same cancer types. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 2 Less commonly, non-small-cell lung cancer, lymphoma, prostate and bladder cancers have been reported. (reviewofophthalmology.com)
  • Rather than attempting to determine the exact antigen on the cancer cells themselves, an alternative approach has been to isolate and to study the immunogobulins that our bodies have produced in recognition of these foreign antigens. (oncolink.org)
  • Cancer/testis antigen MAGEC2 (also known as HCA587) is highly expressed in a wide variety of tumors and plays an active role in promoting growth and metastasis of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, little is known for the regulation of MAGEC2 expression in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first time to report the role of TRIM28 in regulating the expression of cancer/testis antigen MAGEC2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
  • Preclinical data to date has been consistent across modalities in the ability to selectively activate and expand important tumor specific T cells with cancer cell killing capacity. (neximmune.com)
  • These data suggest that CNS tumors may impair systemic antitumor immunity and consequently accelerate cancer progression locally as well as outside the CNS, whereas antitumor immunity may be restored by combining vaccination with radiation therapy. (xstrahl.com)
  • Many malignant cells (such as those found in breast and stomach cancer) develop a tumor marker called the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. (dadamo.com)
  • As a general rule, an orderly expression of T antigens on a cancer cell usually indicates a cancer with a relatively favorable outlook. (dadamo.com)
  • However, a prevalence of Tn antigens (Note: Tn Antigen is actually a precursor to T antigen or a less well developed T antigen) on a cancer cell usually denotes a highly aggressive, metastatic cancer irrespective of organ or type of cancer. (dadamo.com)
  • A cancer cell looks like someone had taken a chain saw to the yard and leveled the bushes, shrubs, and flowers down to their stumps. (dadamo.com)
  • So, in a very simplistic way, a cancer cell clearly looks like a different yard when observed by an outside observed (your immune system in this case). (dadamo.com)
  • In this example, the T and Tn antigens are the stumps found in cancer, while the well-groomed yard has bushes, shrubs, and flowers, that correspond to the ABO markers and other antigens found on healthy cells. (dadamo.com)
  • The difference between the yards is largely because a cancer cell is unable to completely assemble a normal, healthy cell membrane structure like a blood type ABO antigen. (dadamo.com)
  • However, as a cancer cell becomes poorly differentiated, Tn antigen expression predominates. (dadamo.com)
  • One of the functions of these T and Tn antigens is to promote cancer cell adhesion----the ability for the cancer cell to stick to other cells including healthy cells. (dadamo.com)
  • This process of adhesion is a critically important part of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. (dadamo.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • During chronic diseases including cancer, CD8 + T cells undergo a process called 'immune exhaustion', where after repeated antigen (Ag) stimulation the cells can no longer secrete chemicals crucial for the immune system to function. (labcanada.com)
  • However while the mechanism seemed to stem from destruction of cancer initiating cells, until now the mechanism was unclear. (labcanada.com)
  • CD8+ are cytotoxic T cells that destroy virus cells and cancer tumours. (labcanada.com)
  • T cells that have encountered a disease or cancer can respond more quickly when faced with the same pathogen a second time. (labcanada.com)
  • Animal studies have shown that LAK cells are more effective against cancer cells than are the original endogenous T cells, presumably because of their greater number. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore CAR T cells and TCR T cells may represent complementary approaches to cancer therapy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The objective of this work was to demonstrate that autoantibodies in breast cancer sera are not epiphenomena, and exhibit unique immunologic features resembling the rheumatic autoimmune diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although some of these features resemble those in the rheumatic autoimmune diseases and primary biliary cirrhosis, the data suggest the involvement of an entirely different set of epithelial antigens in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results further suggest significant promise for the development of panels of breast cancer-specific, premalignant-phase autoantibodies, as well as studies on the autoantibody response to tumor associated antigens in the pathogenesis of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our studies on autoantibodies in malignancies strongly suggested that cancer sera exhibit immunologic features that are common in the rheumatic autoimmune diseases [ADs]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • However the large majority of human T-cells resides in tissues, especially in lymphatic organs, while only 1 % of the body's T-cells circulate in the blood stream. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • It is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is a key mediator of tumor necrosis factor signaling in the vast majority of cells. (childrensmercy.org)
  • The immune system is comprised of highly specialized q The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and cells, tissues, and organs that give the human body the do not necessarily represent the views of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (cdc.gov)
  • This approach is based on the view that immune stimulation is primarily mediated by APCs rather than the tumor cells themselves. (oncolink.org)
  • Progressive deterioration of T-cell function due to chronic antigen stimulation and inflammatory signals, e.g. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gambles to escape Escape With constant immune mechanisms holding unstable tumor cells in equilibrium, tumor-cell variants may emerge. (lecturio.com)
  • Calcium antagonists can block b cell activation t cell of atovaquone suspension when administered by professional antigen-presenting recognize the immunologic mechanisms active in clinical trials. (stonecottagegardens.com)
  • However, studies with synthetic tumor antigenic peptides have demonstrated that introduction of single amino acid substitutions may dramatically increase their immunogenicity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study we have used a well-defined human melanoma tumor Ag system to test the possibility of translating the immunological potency of synthetic tumor antigenic peptide analogues into recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying constructs with the appropriate nucleotide substitutions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • So the hypothesis goes that because of the lower level of antibody against T and Tn antigens or stumps, and because of this tendency for the immune system of A's to be a bit confused or disinclined to attack Tn antigens, blood type A is at an immunologic disadvantage in attacking any cell bearing these T and Tn antigenic markers. (dadamo.com)
  • We have a more detailed understanding of T-cell-antigen recognition and the character of peptide fragments presented in MHC molecules. (iths.org)
  • 2023 FOCIS Annual Meeting poster presentation reported AIM nanoparticle expansion of EBV-specific T-cell from healthy donors and patients with MS revealed a functional defect in the EBV response of MS patients to select antigen peptide targets, which may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MS as well as other EBV related non-malignant diseases such as SLE. (neximmune.com)
  • One strategy consists of using recombinant viruses encoding amino acid sequences corresponding to natural CTL-defined peptide from tumor Ags as immunogens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These cells, such as dendritic cells, process foreign antigens and then present them to T-cells, causing their intense activation. (oncolink.org)
  • Genomic profiling of T-cell activation suggests increased sensitivity of memory T cells to CD28 costimulation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The participation of B cells in a Th2 polarized response has recently been paradoxically associated with BC progression [ 11 ], but the mechanism by which B cell activation may promote BC progression is unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • Functional characterization of high and low avidity GSW11-specific CD8 + T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq. (bmj.com)
  • GEP analyses were performed on highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted tumor-cells from eight subgroups of BCLs. (lu.se)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • Our results indicate that the use of a mutated minigene construct directing the expression of a modified melanoma tumor Ag leads to improved Ag recognition and, more importantly, to enhanced immunogenicity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Gestational trophoblast-derived tumors are relatively rare cancers that can arise post-pregnancy. (sloankettering.edu)
  • It has been estimated that in about 90% of all cancers and some leukemias, T and Tn antigens are expressed and uncovered. (dadamo.com)
  • As a general rule, well-differentiated cancers usually have a preponderance of T antigens and less of the Tn antigens. (dadamo.com)
  • Renal and skin cancers also responded to the treatment and low doses similar to diabetes prescription concentrations were still effective for tumour rejection. (labcanada.com)
  • Myeloid-derived cells comprising the tumor stroma represent a heterogeneous population of cells critical to the structure, function and growth of established cancers. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Because investigators typically select one or two immunodeficient mouse strains as recipients, no comprehensive study has been published documenting differences in human tumor engraftment. (nih.gov)
  • Dr. Kankeu Fonkoua collaborates with scientists and clinicians from various disciplines to conduct clinical trials and translational studies evaluating novel rational combinations to enhance anti-tumor immune response and improve clinical outcomes. (mayo.edu)
  • Dr. Kankeu Fonkoua's major research focus is understanding ways to integrate and exploit the synergy among therapeutic modalities to reprogram or boost the host's anti-tumor immune response. (mayo.edu)
  • Tet lo demonstrated precursor exhausted or progenitor T cell phenotypes marked by higher expression of Tcf-1 and T-bet, and lower expression of the exhaustion markers CD39, PD-1 and Eomes compared with Tet hi , whereas Tet hi cells were terminally exhausted. (bmj.com)
  • In addition CD8+ cells in diseased organisms undergo phenotypic changes to express exhaustion markers causing the cell death processes of apoptosis to ensue. (labcanada.com)
  • Fig. 5: Expression of an iCAR by NK cells reduced fratricide and exhaustion induced by aCAR. (nature.com)
  • These cells can be located in the tumor centre (CT), in the invasive margin (IM), or in the adjacent tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, when generating T-cell lines for adoptive T-cell therapy, the RESTORE protocol allows the generation of CD8 T-cell lines with an improved representation of clones responding to low antigen concentrations. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are produced from the patient's T cells which are extracted from the tumor and grown in a cell culture system with the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). (msdmanuals.com)
  • We remain confident in the potential therapeutic benefit of our AIM platform-based product candidates and their ability to significantly impact the emerging, rapidly moving field of antigen specific immunotherapies and novel combinations and look forward to providing updates in the future. (neximmune.com)
  • Gene-modified tumor cells have been employed in a vaccination setting to trigger therapeutic antitumor immunity against metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (nova.edu)
  • B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)
  • Direct presentation of antigen by tumor was not necessary, but MHC class I expression on endogenous cells was essential for IL-12 mediated anti-tumor enhancements. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In chronic GVHD and acute GVHD, CXCL10, CXCL11, and B-cell-activating factor can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. (medscape.com)
  • Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • This enabled identification of TFs that can be uniquely associated to the tumor cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (lu.se)
  • These cytokines are used in the immune system for cell-to-cell communication. (oncolink.org)
  • In fact, the T and Tn antigens, and blood type A antigens are actually immunologically considered to be quite similar because of their shared terminal sugar (N-acetylgalactosamine), and so might be readily confused by the immune system of blood type A individuals. (dadamo.com)
  • White blood cells in the immune system help protect the body against disease. (labcanada.com)
  • Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These results are consistent with a model whereby IL-12 triggers the maturation of myeloid-derived cells into competent antigen cross-presenting cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Although rare, malignant transformation of nevi to melanoma involves the clonal expansion of cells that acquire a selective growth advantage. (medscape.com)
  • An approach that targets multiple essential processes of tumorigenesis can overcome tumor-associated plasticity, clonal evolution and adaptive resistance, all of which limit the durable efficacy of current treatments. (mayo.edu)
  • This, in turn, creates a clonal population of a single abnormal cell. (medscape.com)
  • 1 line of systemic therapy in case of participants ineligible for high-dose chemotherapy and autologous Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (who.int)
  • We describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in GIST and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
  • Taking advantage of the increased metastatic potential of RhoC-expressing human (A375) melanoma cells, we evaluate four immunodeficient mouse strains: severe combined immunodeficiency (scid), nonobese diabetic (NOD)-scid, NOD-scid beta2m(null), and NOD-scid IL2Rgamma(null) as xenograft tumor recipients. (nih.gov)
  • The severe immune plants is that suppression of the patients in whom it has been used deficiency that is characteristic of immune response can allow occult as an antineoplastic agent ( IARC, AIDS results from a deficiency in tumours or metastatic tumour cel s 2012b ). (who.int)
  • The expression level of MAGEC2 protein was significantly reduced when TRIM28 was depleted in tumor cells, and no changes were observed in MAGEC2 mRNA level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistic studies indicate that the regulatory role of TRIM28 on MAGEC2 protein expression in tumor cells depends on proteasome-mediated pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we found that expression of MAGEC2 protein in tumor cells depends on the expression of TRIM28, a reduction in the level of endogenous TRIM28 expression in melanoma cells resulting in significantly decreased expression of MAGEC2 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for single cell IFN-gamma release was used to screen CD8(+) T cells with overlapping peptides spanning the mycobacterial major secreted protein, Ag85A. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we show that KIR2DS4 is able to also interact with a non-class I MHC protein expressed on melanoma cell lines and on a primary melanoma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Binding of neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) to the cellular prion protein. (academicinfluence.com)
  • F. Hormonal changes can dispel the anxiety-producing mystery of the antimicrobial efcacy and safety data are process, including testing) collected: Preparation data release control and check that the expression of transcription cell cycle progression myc protein figure 6-1 model for a reappraisal of medication tool. (stonecottagegardens.com)
  • Co-stimulatory molecules are presenting along with the antigen by APCs to induce an aggressive response by the T-cells. (oncolink.org)
  • Conversely, tumor antigen-specific vaccination in combination with focal radiation therapy reversed tolerance and improved survival. (xstrahl.com)
  • In acute GVHD, CXCL10 and B-cell-activating factor may be predictive biomarkers. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Kankeu Fonkoua aims to establish immunologic correlates of clinical outcomes, which would increase the ability to identify and validate prognostic immune signatures and biomarkers. (mayo.edu)
  • Dr. Kankeu Fonkoua aims to develop and optimize safe, effective and novel cell-based immunotherapeutics with enhanced specificity and tumoricidal properties. (mayo.edu)
  • This process theoretically provides a line of T cells with greater tumor specificity than those obtained from the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
  • TAAs) with high specificity to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, studies from the Mamula laboratory first demonstrated the ability of B cells to present autoantigens in the triggering of T cell autoimmunity and in the phenomenon of epitope spreading in lupus autoimmunity. (yale.edu)
  • Cell-mediated immunity appears to be responsible for the destruction of epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • The medical evaluation included medical record review, questionnaire administration, and analysis of the blood of 56 workers for factors related to cell-mediated and humoral immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • Murine tumors displayed the phenotypic diversity observed in ALK+ ALCL patients, including CD4+ and CD8+ lymphomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fig. 1: CAR19-mediated trogocytosis in NK cells cocultured with CD19 + tumor targets. (nature.com)
  • Seminal work from the Mamula lab elucidated the biochemical forms of autoantigens capable of breaking immunologic tolerance to intracellular autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). (yale.edu)