• Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, in vitro screens are limited to a lack of tumor microenvironment, and the gRNA library coverage or selection often limits the pathological relevance of targets unraveled by in vivo screens. (nature.com)
  • It is therefore imperative to uncover novel immune evasion mechanisms in the dynamic tumor-immune microenvironment by untangling the genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • However, target identification warrants a better understanding of the surfaceome and how it is modulated by the tumor microenvironment. (lu.se)
  • To achieve targeted inhibition, we took advantage of the unique expression of the carboxypeptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) by tumor endothelial cells within the microenvironment of solid tumors. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by limited responses to chemoimmunotherapy attributed to highly desmoplastic tumor microenvironment . (bvsalud.org)
  • Ongoing studies have identified novel, and potentially targetable immune cell entities in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting myeloid cell (TAN and TAM) metabolic polarization into a pro-malignant state. (lu.se)
  • In this respect, not only known proteins but also non-coding genetic regions of cells are studied as sources of peptides that can be presented by HLA molecules at the surface of tumor cells and be recognized by T cell receptors (TCRs). (medigene.com)
  • TCR-T technology arms a patient's own T cells with tumor-specific T cell receptors. (medigene.com)
  • B-cells have special parts (receptors) that test the antigen to see if they fit together, like a lock and key. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
  • One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
  • Navai SA, Ahmed N. Broad Spectrum Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells to Target the Tumor Profile. (standuptocancer.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
  • Tumor antigen is an antigenic substance produced in tumor cells, i.e., it triggers an immune response in the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor antigens are useful tumor markers in identifying tumor cells with diagnostic tests and are potential candidates for use in cancer therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initially tumor antigens were broadly classified into two categories based on their pattern of expression: Tumor-Specific Antigens (TSA), which are present only on tumor cells and not on any other cell and Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAA), which are present on some tumor cells and also some normal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This classification, however, is imperfect because many antigens thought to be tumor-specific turned out to be expressed on some normal cells as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutant protein antigens are likely to be much more specific to cancer cells because normal cells shouldn't contain these proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Normal cells will display the normal protein antigen on their MHC molecules, whereas cancer cells will display the mutant version. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer-testis antigens are antigens expressed primarily in the germ cells of the testes, but also in fetal ovaries and the trophoblast. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some cancer cells aberrantly express these proteins and therefore present these antigens, allowing attack by T-cells specific to these antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins that are normally produced in very low quantities but whose production is dramatically increased in tumor cells, trigger an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to proteins, other substances like cell surface glycolipids and glycoproteins may also have an abnormal structure in tumor cells and could thus be targets of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor antigens, because of their relative abundance in tumor cells are useful in identifying specific tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typical angiomyolipoma (AML) specimens showed variable expression of pericyte antigens among both perivascular and myoid-appearing cells. (nih.gov)
  • They are typically produced by tumor cells, but in some cases they may be produced by the body in response to malignancy or to certain benign conditions. (medscape.com)
  • TIMER was used to evaluate the connection between candidate antigens and infiltration of antigen-presenting cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 (MEDI6469) therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma activates and expands antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating T cells. (bepress.com)
  • Analyses of CD8+ TIL show increases in tumor-antigen reactive, proliferating CD103+ CD39+ cells in 25% of patients with evaluable tumor tissue (N = 4/16), all of whom remain disease-free. (bepress.com)
  • These data provide evidence that anti-OX40 prior to surgery is safe and can increase activation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and tumor. (bepress.com)
  • Under a collaboration agreement with IRICoR and the Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC) of the Université de Montréal, Canada, Medigene gained access to 47 potential TSAs presented by one of five common HLA types that were identified as novel peptides eluted from the HLA molecules of tumor cells. (medigene.com)
  • We are very proud to demonstrate that our high-throughput functional T cell screening approach proves to be a key tool in development of TCR-based cancer immunotherapies that can target a new class of TSAs based on peptides derived from non-coding genetic regions expressed by tumor cells. (medigene.com)
  • The T cell receptor-modified T cells (TCR-T cells) are then able to detect and efficiently kill tumor cells. (medigene.com)
  • This immunotherapy approach attempts to overcome the patient's tolerance towards cancer cells and tumor-induced immunosuppression by activating and modifying the patient's T cells outside the body (ex vivo). (medigene.com)
  • Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)
  • T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Consistent with these observations, preventative IGV-001 limited tumor progression and extended overall survival in mice intracranially challenged with GL261 cells, a benefit that was associated with an increase in tumor-specific T cells with effector features. (jefferson.edu)
  • Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are relatively restricted to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are unique to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, several antigens with selective expression on the surface of tumor cells are not associated with the major histocompatibility complex and may be candidates for therapeutic targeting. (msdmanuals.com)
  • References Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
  • SV40 Early Region and Large T Antigen in Human Brain Tumors, Peripheral Blood Cells, and Sperm Fluids from Healthy Individuals. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this study, we found that cross-presentation of tumor antigen by tumor endothelial cells(tECs) promotes infiltration of tumor specific CTLs in tumors. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Limited availability of tumor (CD138+) cells from patients poses challenges in studying MM stages. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Highly sensitive, low input immunopeptidome analysis enables the discovery of HLA peptides presented by primary MM tumor cells. (bmj.com)
  • Participation of the H-2 antigens of tumor cells in their lysis by syngeneic T cells. (rupress.org)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generated in vitro against H-2 compatible or syngeneic tumor cells. (rupress.org)
  • Two observations directly demonstrated the participation of the H-2 antigens on the tumor cells in their lysis by H-2-compatible T cells. (rupress.org)
  • First, coating of the H-2 antigens on the target tumor cell reduced the number of cells lysed on subsequent exposure to cytotoxic T cells. (rupress.org)
  • Second, when cytotoxic T cells were activated against an H-2 compatible tumor and assayed against an H-2-incompatible tumor, anti-H-2 serum that could bind to the target cell, but not to the cytotoxic lymphocyte, inhibited lysis. (rupress.org)
  • Specific antisera reacting with these H-2 antigens, but not those of the target cell, failed to inhibit lysis when small numbers of effector cells were assayed against H-2-incompatible target cells or when effector cells of F1-hybrid origin and bearing two H-2 haplotypes were assayed against a tumor cell of one of the parental strains. (rupress.org)
  • These findings suggest that it is the H-2 antigens on the tumor cell and not those on the cytotoxic lymphocytes that are important in cell-mediated lysis of H-2-compatible tumor cells. (rupress.org)
  • reported laser irradiation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat mice subcutaneously inoculated with CT26.CL25 colon carcinoma cells inducing local remission and antigen-specific immune response systemically, promoting regression of a remote and untreated tumor 9 . (medicalrecords.com)
  • However CT26.CL25 cells are artificially transduced with the lacZ gene to stably express a tumor antigen (beta-gal). (medicalrecords.com)
  • The phenomenon promoting regression of a remote and untreated tumor was not observed when they employed CT26 wild type (CT26WT) undifferentiated colon carcinoma cells, which are beta-gal negative parental carcinoma of CT26.CL25 cells. (medicalrecords.com)
  • Cancer/testis antigen MAGEC2 (also known as HCA587) is highly expressed in a wide variety of tumors and plays an active role in promoting growth and metastasis of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Co-immunoprecipitation assay was applied for detecting the endogenous interaction of MAGEC2 and TRIM28 in tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate that MAGEC2 interacts with TRIM28 in melanoma cells and MAGEC2 expression in tumor cells depends on the expression of TRIM28. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression level of MAGEC2 protein was significantly reduced when TRIM28 was depleted in tumor cells, and no changes were observed in MAGEC2 mRNA level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistic studies indicate that the regulatory role of TRIM28 on MAGEC2 protein expression in tumor cells depends on proteasome-mediated pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we found that expression of MAGEC2 protein in tumor cells depends on the expression of TRIM28, a reduction in the level of endogenous TRIM28 expression in melanoma cells resulting in significantly decreased expression of MAGEC2 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunization with a lentivector that targets tumor antigen expression to dendritic cells induces potent CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To improve safety while retaining efficacy, we constructed a lentivector in which transgene expression was restricted to antigen-presenting cells using the mouse dectin-2 gene promoter. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As immunization with the optimal dose of the dectin-2 lentivector was similar to that stimulated by a lentivector containing a strong constitutive viral promoter, targeting antigen expression to dendritic cells can provide a safe and effective vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Antigens are found on viruses, bacteria, tumors and normal cells of your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Antigens are usually proteins or sugars (polysaccharides) found on the outside of things like cells or viruses. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • This means that your body recognizes your own cells as you, but other antigens as intruders. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Your immune cells make antibodies to recognize and destroy harmful antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Endogenous antigens exist on cells inside your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • These antigens are sometimes normal parts of a cell that act differently in tumor cells (for example, a tumor cell might make much more of a particular protein than a normal cell). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Other times, they come from mutations in the tumor's genes or from a virus inside the tumor cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • What are antigen-presenting cells? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Antigen-presenting cells help the immune system mount its attack. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • There are three types of antigen-presenting cells in your body: macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In fact, you'll sometimes hear them called "professional" antigen-presenting cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • When one of these specialized cells comes across an antigen, it devours the antigen, breaks it apart and displays parts of the antigen on its cell surface. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The T cells inspect the bits of antigen to decide if they recognize the invader. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • When an antigen enters your body, the B-cells of your immune system inspect it. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Once your immune system has seen an antigen, it has special cells that remember it, allowing your body to create a faster and more effective response if it invades again - this is called immunological memory. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Cancer cells acquire genetic heterogeneity to escape from immune surveillance during tumor evolution, but a systematic approach to distinguish driver from passenger mutations is lacking. (nature.com)
  • Genetic inactivation of the machinery or re-introduction of ANKRD52 frequent patient mutations dampens the JAK-STAT-interferon-γ signaling and antigen presentation in cancer cells, largely by abolishing miR-155-targeted silencing of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). (nature.com)
  • In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
  • Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)
  • We will be investigating the antigen specificity and function of these CD8 T cells, in particular examining the influence of persistent viruses such as HCMV. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Tumor cell variants having lost one or both of these antigens were isolated by in vitro selection with CTL and also by collecting tumor cells that progressed in vivo after escaping a nearly complete immune rejection process. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
  • The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
  • Immunotherapies with antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC) and CAR-T cells, targeted at tumor surface antigens (surfaceome), currently revolutionize clinical oncology. (lu.se)
  • Tumor derived, tumor associated antigens (TAA) or homing peptides are used as targets for the development of cancer vaccines (such as NY-ESO-1 peptide vaccine) as they illicit an immune response against cells containing the cancer antigen. (eurogentec.com)
  • Cancer cells exhibit an elevated apoptotic threshold and peptides that are able to induce apoptosis in tumor cells are increasingly seen as promising candidates for the development of new effective anticancer therapeutics. (eurogentec.com)
  • Cell permeable peptides (CPP) such as TAT, or antennapedia, conjugated to anti-cancer drugs are under evaluation for their ability to penetrate and deliver anti-tumor molecules into cancer cells. (eurogentec.com)
  • Here, we show that exposure to nCB particles increased PD-L1+ PD-L2+ CD206+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs), exhausted T cells, and Treg cells. (cdc.gov)
  • In these studies, we ask provocative questions about, and challenge the current perception of how tumor cells receive and transfer complex biological information. (lu.se)
  • However, the identification of internalizing surface antigens for specific drug targeting of tumor cells remains a challenge of high clinical relevance. (lu.se)
  • These peptides were found to be shared among specimens of several patients with solid tumors of different origin, such as ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, but were not detected in healthy tissues, giving them the character of TSAs for TCRs. (medigene.com)
  • Mutation of protooncogenes and tumor suppressors which lead to abnormal protein production are the cause of the tumor and thus such abnormal proteins are called tumor-specific antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of tumor-specific antigens include the abnormal products of ras and p53 genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other examples include tissue differentiation antigens, mutant protein antigens, oncogenic viral antigens, cancer-testis antigens and vascular or stromal specific antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • AP2S1 , P3H4 , and RAC3 were identified as candidate tumor-specific antigens for BLCA. (frontiersin.org)
  • AP2S1 , P3H4 , and RAC3 were identified as candidate tumor-specific antigens, and patients with the BCS2 and BCS1A subtypes were identified as candidate populations for mRNA vaccines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Medigene AG (Medigene, FSE: MDG1, Prime Standard), a clinical stage immuno-oncology company focusing on the development of T cell immunotherapies, today presents the screening and identification of novel immunogenic tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) derived from non-coding regions of the human genome at the American Association for Cancer Research Virtual Annual Meeting (AACR) 2021. (medigene.com)
  • Total, free and complex prostate specific antigens (PSA) were measured among men age 40 years and older. (cdc.gov)
  • More recently, tumor specific antigens or tumor specific neoantigens (TSNA) that arise from tumor cell mutations are being identified in a large number of cancer patients. (eurogentec.com)
  • Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Background IGV-001 is a personalized, autologous cancer cell-based immunotherapy conceived to deliver a tumor-derived antigenic payload in the context of immunostimulatory signals to patients with glioblastoma (GBM). (jefferson.edu)
  • Journal Article] Improvement of Peptide-Based Tumor Immunotherapy Using pH-Sensitive Fusogenic Polymer-Modified Liposomes. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Certain tumor antigens are thus used as tumor markers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Markers of pericytic differentiation may be of future diagnostic utility for the evaluation of mesenchymal tumors, or identify actionable signaling pathways for future therapeutic intervention. (nih.gov)
  • Tumor markers are soluble glycoproteins that are found in the blood, urine, or tissues of patients with certain types of cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor markers are not elevated in all cancer patients, particularly patients with early-stage cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The various tumor markers differ in their usefulness for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, assessing therapeutic response, and detecting recurrence. (medscape.com)
  • Many new tumor markers have been discovered since the development of monoclonal antibodies, and most tumor markers are now detected with them. (medscape.com)
  • Ovarian cancer, uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and trophoblastic neoplasms are gynecologic malignancies for which tumor markers are in clinical use. (medscape.com)
  • Because pathologic diagnosis of ovarian cancer is difficult without laparotomy, tumor markers such as CA-125, in addition to diagnostic imaging, are useful in preoperative evaluation for ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • No tumor markers with high sensitivity and high specificity for endometrial cancer are known at present, although CA-125 is often used in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
  • Beta-hCG and alpha-fetoprotein have proved to be useful markers for ovarian germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • For human bladder carcinoma, both serum and urinary total NANA were found to lack the sensitivity required for use as markers for small tumour burden. (dcu.ie)
  • Using an animal model system, both total serum NANA and serum LSA were evaluated as tumour markers for Landschutz ascites tumour (LAT). (dcu.ie)
  • Antigens are markers that tell your body that something is foreign. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Red blood cell antigens and special markers that your body recognizes as "self" (HLAs) are also endogenous antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Tumor antigens are markers on the surface of tumors. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The total and free PSA tests have been recognized as tumor markers for the screening, diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • The agreement combines LICR's discoveries in tumor immunology with Serametrix' technologies and commercial capabilities. (genengnews.com)
  • 2016). This unique approach is applied for the identification and targeting of novel tumor antigens of the treatment-resistant tumor niche. (lu.se)
  • In the evaluation of total serum NANA as an indicator of human prostate tumour burden, NANA levels were monitored m 10 patients undergoing treatment for advanced disease over periods ranging from 3 - 6 months. (dcu.ie)
  • Prolonged monitoring of serum NANA and LSA levels showed that LSA more accurately reflected the extent of tumour burden. (dcu.ie)
  • The ADVIA Centaur cPSA assay quantitatively measures complexed prostate-specific antigen (cPSA) in human serum. (cdc.gov)
  • If that particular T cell's unique receptor is a match for the antigen, it alerts the rest of the immune system to attack. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • This previously unrecognized role of GCC as a tumor suppressor by restricting proliferation and maintaining genomic integrity suggests that receptor dysregulation reflecting ligand insufficiency is a key event during early colorectal tumorigenesis. (jefferson.edu)
  • Comparison of tumor biopsies before and after treatment reveals an increase of activated, conventional CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in most patients and higher clonality by TCRβ sequencing. (bepress.com)
  • H-2 antigens were also shown to be present on the cytotoxic lymphocytes. (rupress.org)
  • Our technologies allowed new peptide-HLA combinations to be rapidly defined that have the potential to broaden TCR diversity for patients with different HLA types whose tumors present these novel peptides. (medigene.com)
  • The presence of cross-presenting CD206+ TAM is associated with reduced tumor burden in mouse syngeneic tumor models and with improved overall survival in cutaneous melanoma patients. (jci.org)
  • However, active immunization of cancer patients would require that a tumour cell line be obtained from each patient, a most unpractical prospect. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This would probably not result in the expression of the same antigen in all these tumours, because the patients would differ in their presenting molecules, which are determined by their HLA haplotype. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, a subset of the tumours expressing the same "tumour rejection" gene should share the same class I restricting element, so that all of these patients could be immunized with a cell that would express the gene and carry the appropriate HLA molecule. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We studied the relationship between KIR-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) combinations and the clinical outcomes of patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD). (cdc.gov)
  • Some cases progress, however, and most patients experience recurrence at least once in the follow-up period, creating the need for accurate tumor surveillance. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with a history of low-grade Ta disease and a noted sub-centimeter papillary tumor(s), consider in-office fulguration as an alternative to resection under anesthesia. (medscape.com)
  • For intermediate-risk patients whose first surveillance cystoscopy is negative for tumor, perform subsequent cystoscopy with cytology every 3-6 months for 2 years, then 6-12 months for years 3 and 4, and then annually thereafter. (medscape.com)
  • p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • Although the overall mortality in cancer is steadily decreasing, major groups of patients with malignant tumors of e.g. the brain, pancreas, and lung still respond poorly to available treatments and have a dismal prognosis. (lu.se)
  • The treatment for bladder cancer is dependent on diagnosis via transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (frontiersin.org)
  • Objective -To evaluate the veterinary version of the bladder tumor antigen (V-BTA) test as a screening test for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the lower urinary tract of dogs. (avma.org)
  • The origin of the traditional timing (ie, beginning 3 months following bladder tumor removal) is not clear. (medscape.com)
  • In vitro cytotoxic activity was inhibited by specific anti-H2 sera, suggesting that H-2 antigens are involved in cell lysis. (rupress.org)
  • The other approach is to screen CRISPR-Cas9-based guide RNA (gRNA) libraries that target either the whole genome using cancer cell and immune cell co-culture systems 9 , 10 , or focused gene sets using immunocompetent murine tumors 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
  • On the other hand, a P815 tumour rejection antigen appears to arise through the activation of a silent gene, and it may turn out that this is the rule for most tumour rejection antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • If, on the other hand, production of tumour rejection antigens results from the activation of a normal gene, then there is a good probability that the same gene may be activated in many different tumours, being perhaps preferentially shared by tumours of the same histological type. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Two of these tumor rejection antigens, P815A and P815B, are encoded by gene P1A, the sequence of which was reported previously. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The structure of gene P1A in these antigen-loss variants was examined. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. (bvsalud.org)
  • The authors used artificial neural croarrays is to study changes in gene ex- .nature organ the tumor arose from, how big it networks (ANNs) to identify gene-ex- pression that accompany changes in is, and what it looks like after it has pression signatures associated with spe- cell physiology, such as during develop- been imbedded in wax and colored cific subtypes of tumors. (lu.se)
  • Insofar as tumour rejection antigens result from mutations, they may be highly specific for every individual tumour. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Indeed, in colons of mice carrying mutations in Apc (ApcMin/+) or exposed to the carcinogen azoxymethane, elimination of GCC increased tumor initiation by corrupting genomic integrity in the context of disabled compensatory apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • We could validate these findings by immunofluorescence analyses in patient tumors and by increased expression in the hypoxic core of GBM spheroids. (lu.se)
  • Although highly preliminary, the findings suggest that different tumor biological factors may predict response to different chemotherapy regimens with distinct mechanisms of action. (lu.se)
  • Findings of other lesions indicates a non-bone primary tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signaling, relapse frequently occurs after ICB treatment and acquired resistance often emergence after initial response [ 4 ]. (thno.org)
  • Antigen (Ag) cross-presentation leading to tumor Ag-directed cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses is crucial for antitumor immunity. (jci.org)
  • Binding of a tumor antigen via the scFv activates the T cell in a major histocompatibility-independent manner which leads to a cytotoxic response [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • The vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) assay evaluates the total protein amount in plasma. (medscape.com)
  • Some viral proteins are implicated in forming cancer (oncogenesis), and some viral antigens are also cancer antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we show that primary human as well as mouse CD206+ macrophages are effective in functional cross-presentation of soluble self-Ag and non-self-Ag, including tumor-associated Ag (TAA), as well as viral Ag. (jci.org)
  • Antigen testing is done to diagnose viral infections, monitor and screen for certain conditions and determine whether a donor is a good match for a transplant. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In many solid cancers, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent the predominant myeloid cell population. (jci.org)
  • We show that CD11b+CD206+ TAM represent the dominant tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell population, expressing a unique cell surface repertoire, promoting Ag cross-presentation and Ag-specific CD8+ T cell activation comparable with cross-presenting CLEC9A+ DCs (cDC1). (jci.org)
  • Thereby, several antigens can be targeted at once and the therapy can be adapted in case antigen-loss tumor variants appear. (nature.com)
  • A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds to CD27 ANTIGEN. (bvsalud.org)
  • citation needed] Products of Mutated Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Products of Other Mutated Genes Overexpressed or Aberrantly Expressed Cellular Proteins Tumor Antigens Produced by Oncogenic Viruses Oncofetal Antigens Altered Cell Surface Glycolipids and Glycoproteins Cell Type-Specific Differentiation Antigens Any protein produced in a tumor cell that has an abnormal structure due to mutation can act as a tumor antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is our hope that other genes coding for mouse and human tumour rejection antigens will soon be identified, so that it will become clear whether the activational mechanism is the rule or the exception. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
  • More importantly, tumor antigens can be used in cancer therapy as tumor antigen vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
  • SCC antigen is useful in the clinical management of advanced cervical cancer. (medscape.com)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first time to report the role of TRIM28 in regulating the expression of cancer/testis antigen MAGEC2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together with the uniform over-expression of GCC in human tumors, and the standard of care in which hormone deficiencies are treated by replacement therapy, the role of GCC as a tumor suppressor underscores the potential of oral administration of GCC ligands for targeted prevention and therapy of colorectal cancer. (jefferson.edu)
  • An evolving paradigm expanding the genetic basis of cancer suggests that developmental programs indelibly imprint restricted repertoires of homeostasis, forming the substrate for lineage-dependent tumor induction by deregulation of tissue-specific survival pathways. (jefferson.edu)
  • A recent study calls into question circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in conferring a sense of security about the risk of colorectal cancer recurrence. (aacc.org)
  • Until the lung cancer shows up on a chest X-ray , the tumor is often too far advanced to be cured. (medicinenet.com)
  • Yes, tumor marker tests are the blood tests used to diagnose lung cancer, but they are not definitive tests. (medicinenet.com)
  • G202 produced substantial tumor regression against a panel of human cancer xenografts in vivo at doses that were minimally toxic to the host. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Immunization with a multi-antigen targeted DNA vaccine eliminates chemoresistant pancreatic cancer by disrupting tumor-stromal cell crosstalk. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our recent studies have provided novel insights into the central role of lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer, and the utility of EVs in non-invasive diagnosis of brain tumors (e.g. (lu.se)
  • Heterogeneous expression of drug target proteins within tumor sites is a major mechanism of resistance to anticancer therapies. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are an uncommon family of soft tissue tumors with dual myoid-melanocytic differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Sometimes, tumor marker values may rise after effective treatment (due to cell lysis), but the increase may not portend treatment failure. (medscape.com)
  • OX40, GITR, and 4-1BB), can enhance T cell immunity in tumor-bearing hosts. (bepress.com)
  • We used a fractional CO 2 laser and anti-PD-1 inhibitor to treat a tumor established unilaterally by the CT26 wild type (CT26WT) colon carcinoma cell line. (medicalrecords.com)
  • A dectin-2 lentivector encoding the human melanoma antigen NY-ESO-1 primed an NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell response in HLA-A2 transgenic mice and stimulated a CD4(+) T-cell response to a newly identified NY-ESO-1 epitope presented by H2 I-A(b). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Lichen planus associated with neoplasia: A cell-mediated immune response to tumor antigens? (psu.edu)
  • T2 - A cell-mediated immune response to tumor antigens? (psu.edu)
  • However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
  • More recently the laboratory has been involved in the definition of novel T cell antigens. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)
  • Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
  • Authors investigated the expression of proliferationg cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and the numbers of nucleolar arganizer region(NOR) in breast carcinomas correlation with tumor grade. (e-crt.org)
  • We describe a strategy to selectively inhibit, within tumor sites, the function of a critical intracellular protein, the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA) pump, whose proper function is required by all cell types for viability. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Disrupting the tumor - stromal cell crosstalk is considered as an improved PDAC treatment strategy, whereas little progress has been made due to poor understanding of its underlying mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
  • 0 blue-cell tumors (SRBCTs), which type, 41 (including 7 expressed often masquerade as each other. (lu.se)
  • Overexpressed tumor-self antigens represent the largest group of candidate vaccine targets. (nih.gov)
  • To confirm the presence of cross-presenting TAM in vivo, we performed phenotypic and functional analysis of TAM from B16-F10 and CT26 syngeneic tumor models and have identified CD11b+F4/80hiCD206+ TAM to effectively cross-present TAA. (jci.org)
  • We shed light on the importance of both preclinical and clinical vaccine studies demonstrating that tolerance and autoimmunity (presumed to preclude this class of antigens from vaccine development) can be overcome and do not present the obstacle that might have been expected. (nih.gov)
  • A consistent increase in a tumor marker value, combined with lack of clinical improvement, may indicate treatment failure. (medscape.com)
  • Our work suggests that increases in the tumor-reactive CD103+ CD39+ CD8+ TIL could serve as a potential biomarker of anti-OX40 clinical activity. (bepress.com)
  • Our studies are focused on but not limited to primary brain tumors, which integrates well with the PI's clinical proficiency as a consultant Neuro-oncologist. (lu.se)
  • The key clinical challenge addressed by our group relates to the inherent adaptive capacity of tumors, resulting in resistance to conventional oncological treatments, but that also offers new avenues for therapeutic intervention. (lu.se)
  • Although PEComa family tumors commonly demonstrate a perivascular growth pattern, pericyte antigen expression has not yet been examined among this unique tumor group. (nih.gov)
  • Previously, we demonstrated that a subset of perivascular soft tissue tumors exhibit a striking pericytic immunophenotype, with diffuse expression of αSMA, CD146, and PDGFRβ. (nih.gov)
  • In summary, pericyte antigen expression is variable among PEComa family tumors and largely varies by tumor morphology. (nih.gov)
  • Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. (lu.se)
  • Red not have the tumor-specific ex- with these dangerous drugs, rhab- represents relatively high expression level, whereas green pression pattern. (lu.se)
  • The global market for tumor-specific antigen should grow from $1.8 billion in 2018 to $2.4 billion by 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% for the period of 2018-2023. (bccresearch.com)
  • Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A key role of the immune system is detection of these antigens to permit subsequent targeting for eradication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An antigen is a marker that tells your immune system whether something in your body is harmful or not. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • An antigen is any kind of marker - like a protein or string of amino acids - that your immune system can recognize. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • This review considers this subset of self antigens by highlighting vaccine efforts for some of the better known members and focusing on TPD52, a new promising vaccine target. (nih.gov)
  • Tumors include Ewing sarcoma (EWS), neu- while Ewing sarcomas are aggres- roblastoma (NB), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and Burkitt lym- rently used in tumor diagnosis do sive enough to warrant treatment phomas (BL, subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma). (lu.se)
  • Plausible candidates for the mutational mechanism are the "tumour specific transplantation antigens" observed on methylcholanthrene induced tumours and tumours induced by ultraviolet light. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Total N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) and lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) were evaluated as indicators of tumour burden in a range of human tumours and also an animal model system. (dcu.ie)
  • We developed in vivo method to evaluate the infiltration of tumor specific CTLs in tumors by recognition of tumor antigen on tECs. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Normalization of tumor marker values may indicate cure despite radiographic evidence of persistent disease. (medscape.com)
  • The usefulness of a tumor marker is in its sensitivity and specificity, as well as its influence on patient management decisions. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, beta-hCG serves as an ideal tumor marker for monitoring gestational trophoblastic disease and has set the standard with which other assays must be compared. (medscape.com)
  • This marker displayed characteristics of an acute-phase reactant, whereby a large incidence of false positive results indicated a deficiency in the specificity of NANA as an indicator of tumour burden. (dcu.ie)
  • We found that material "X" which promotes cross-presentation by tEC induced strong tumor regression. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Most humoral responses cannot prevent tumor growth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lentivectors stimulate potent immune responses to antigen transgenes and are being developed as novel genetic vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Strikingly, immunization with a DNA vaccine that targeting multiple MAGEA antigens , including MAGEA2, MAGEA3 and MAGEA10, elicits robust immune responses against the growth of gemcitabine resistant tumors . (bvsalud.org)
  • Mib-1 monoclonal antibody recognizes the proliferation-related antigen Ki-67. (lu.se)
  • High tumor proliferation has previously been associated with response to chemotherapy. (lu.se)
  • IRICoR continues to invest in the identification of novel immunogenic TSAs in both solid and liquid tumors, and we expect to develop additional partnerships around this TSA discovery platform. (medigene.com)
  • Here we investigate the impact of different immune pressure on tumor clonal dynamics and immune evasion mechanism, by combining massive parallel sequencing of immune edited tumors and CRISPR library screens in syngeneic mouse tumor model and co-culture system. (nature.com)
  • We performed biochemical, proteome profiler array and transcriptional analysis to uncover a mechanism that governs tumor -stromal crosstalk. (bvsalud.org)