Tumor angiogenesis cell hypoxia. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tumors exhibit significant myeloid cell infiltrates, which are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
Finally, we will comment on the mechanisms regulating myeloid cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and on the potential of myeloid cells as new targets for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
The microenvironment surrounding tumor tissues provides a favorable niche for bacteria to inhabit. (nature.com)
Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
Herein, we report near-infrared light and tumor microenvironment (TME), dual responsive as well as size-switchable nanocapsules. (nature.com)
Improved characterisation of tumour microenvironment and drug resistance phenotype with emphasis on invasion/metastasis, hypoxia, angiogenesis and drug transport to provide a better understanding of tumour biology, heterogeneity, and resistance phenotype in living subjects. (imperial.ac.uk)
Breakthroughs in anti-tumor immunity have led to unprecedented advances in immunotherapy, yet it is now clear that the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrains immunity. (elifesciences.org)
As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)
Cancer cells have proven efficient in educating fibroblasts, within their microenvironment, to secrete EVs as communicative vessels for mediating phenotypic changes in recipient cells. (springer.com)
Bobrie A, Krumeich S, Reyal F, Recchi C, Moita LF, Seabra MC, Ostrowski M, Théry C (2012) Rab27a supports exosome-dependent and -independent mechanisms that modify the tumor microenvironment and can promote tumor progression. (springer.com)
Hypoxia is the most common characteristic in the microenvironment of solid tumors because tumor progression and metastasis depend on the ability of cancer cells to initiate angiogenesis and ensure the delivery of oxygen and nutrients ( 11 , 12 ). (jcancer.org)
These attributes enhance the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents directly to the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in reversal of LC resistance to anticancer treatment. (preprints.org)
We are also learning that much of the behavior of tumors depends on cancer stem cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, which participate in extensive, dynamic crosstalk known to affect tumor behavior. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
In a number of studies, it has been shown that while only a select number of cells are actually infected with the virus, numerous viral proteins are released into the cancer and stromal cells in the microenvironment and these viral proteins are known to affect tumor behavior and aggressiveness. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Oncomodulation is a process, whereby tumor behavior is affected by virally induced mechanisms acting on cancer cells as well as stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, including suppression of cancer cell apoptosis mechanisms, altering tumor metabolism, suppressing antitumor immunity, triggering tumor microenvironment inflammation, initiating angiogenesis, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, increasing tumor invasion, and enhancing tumor cell migration (metastasis) [ Figures 1 and 2 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and suppression of antitumor immune activity are enhanced in the face of tumor microenvironment inflammation. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Activation of this factor occurs in the stromal cells, tumor cells, and invading immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
These steps are supported by functions of the cancer cells themselves or of the tumor microenvironment. (medscape.com)
Whether the effects of the hypoxic microenvironment on the brain in the perinatal period and on solid tumors are affected by m1A, m5C or m7G modifications is still poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and integrated system composed not only of tumor cells but also various types of cells such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and inflammatory cells, as well as soluble factors such as cytokines and chemokines [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)
Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, occurs at different stages during embryonic development, physiological processes such as wound healing and reproduction, and numerous diseases, including inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
This suggested that EPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and that such cells are incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis including ischemia, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis in adult organisms [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
HIFs exert differential effects on tumor growth and affect important cancer hallmarks including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, vascularization/angiogenesis, genetic instability, tumor metabolism, tumor immune responses, and invasion and metastasis. (lu.se)
Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be exploited by tumors to assist in cancer cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. (springer.com)
Becker A, Thakur BK, Weiss JM, Kim HS, Peinado H, Lyden D (2016) Extracellular vesicles in cancer: cell-to-cell mediators of metastasis. (springer.com)
this association is primarily based on the HIF-1-mediated regulation of genes that play pivotal roles in the central features of cancer pathogenesis such as angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and anti-apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Metastases represent the end products of a multistep cell-biological process termed the invasion metastasis cascade, which involves dissemination of cancer cells to anatomically distant organ sites. (medscape.com)
Infiltrated cells might proceed towards overt metastasis with or without an intervening period of latency (dormancy). (medscape.com)

Apoptosis can be induced in response to hypoxia. (bmj.com)
A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
Early and objective assessment of drug response with emphasis on intracellular cell signalling processes including proliferation, MAP kinase pathway/PI3 kinase pathway activities and apoptosis. (imperial.ac.uk)
UCN-01, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, induces growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells and was recently introduced in a phase I clinical trial. (karger.com)
Furthermore, silencing PrP c expression with si-PRNP amplified the fucoidan-induced changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. (iiarjournals.org)
Another mechanism is up-regulation of pathways that inhibits cell apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Since BCL2, a protein that indirectly inhibits cell apoptosis, is required for certain chemotherapies to work, the absence of BCL2 obscures their uses in prostate cancer. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
70 Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia differentiation protein 1) and other members of the BCL family, such as BCL-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extra-large), are also involved in resistance to Interleukin (IL)-6, stromal cell derived factor-1, and cytokine-induced apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
71 Clusterin is a small heat shock glycoprotein overexpressed in most of the solid tumors, which promotes apoptosis by binding to various molecules such as BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) 72 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)−1. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
75,76 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits apoptosis by activating NF-κB and its downstream pathway, including IL6 and IL8, in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, whereas it promotes apoptosis in androgen-dependent cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
these oncomodulatory viruses can alter the pathology of these tumors by affecting cell signaling, cell metabolism, apoptosis mechanisms, cell-cell communication, inflammation, antitumor immunity suppression, and angiogenesis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Cancer is a complex disease in which many basic processes, such as cell division, apoptosis, and cell migration are dysregulated. (medscape.com)
Tumour cells acquire the ability to proliferate uncontrollably, resist apoptosis, sustain angiogenesis and evade immune surveillance. (researchgate.net)
This study showed that combination therapy with Lira and Met could effectively reduce cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and inhibit cell migration in the HUVECs. (ac.ir)
The first is the use of the targeted TRAIL-protein (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) which can effectively bind to tumor cells to induce apoptosis, while it leaves normal cells unharmed. (cognizure.com)
Although it is believed that anticancer properties of Silibinin are related to its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolism, its accurate biochemical anticancer mechanism is still under investigation (4-12). (researchsquare.com)

Moreover, ETP expression was associated with aggressive mammary tumor growth and high metastatic growth. (jci.org)
Using this vesicular delivery system, cancer cells can establish a new metastatic niche within distant sites, away from the primary tumor, thus favoring cancer progression. (springer.com)
Sema4D is regulated by HIF-1 and plays a role in tumor-associated macrophage-induced metastatic behavior and is clinically significant in colon cancer ( 9 ). (jcancer.org)
Surgical resection remains the only known curative treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma, and it is also used improve outcome or for palliation in metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
Treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic LC presents a significant challenge as malignant cells use different mechanisms to resist chemotherapy. (preprints.org)
Metastatic tumors to the oral region are uncommon and may occur in the oral soft tissues or jawbones. (medscape.com)
Because of their rarity, metastatic tumors to the oral region are challenging to diagnose. (medscape.com)
The metastatic process involves sequential steps, including invasion through the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cell layers, intravasation into the lumina of blood vessels, and survival in the circulation. (medscape.com)
thus, a successful metastatic colony depends on the ability of cancer cells to appropriate distinct microenvironments at each step in the metastatic cascade: the primary tumor, systemic circulation, and the final metastatic destination. (medscape.com)
Fourth, hypoxia gives rise to angiogenesis, which could facilitate metastatic spread of tumor cells. (cognizure.com)

Overall, this study proposes a new strategy for the bacteria-mediated delivery of therapeutic proteins to tumors. (nature.com)
The emerging technology known as targeted therapy facilitates selective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents involving therapeutic genes and drugs to tumor sites, which enhances the therapeutic efficacy and reduces side effects 2 . (nature.com)
It enables in situ delivery of the produced bioactive molecules to tumor site, which improves the therapeutic efficacy. (nature.com)
In vivo experiments demonstrate that these nanocapsules can target to tumor sites through fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging and offer remarkable therapeutic results. (nature.com)
Recently, various innovative approaches have been explored to overcome the therapeutic resistance caused by hypoxia. (nature.com)
The main focus of Dr. Cha's research is to identify reliable surrogate markers of prognosis and therapeutic efficacy by quantitative MR imaging methods in patients with brain tumors. (ucsf.edu)
Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)
Our study describes the sequence characteristics of 5' non-coding region of Sema4D, enhances our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of Sema4D and benefits the development of a possible anti-angiogenesis therapeutic strategy for malignancies. (jcancer.org)
These novel findings could form a platform for future therapeutic strategies aimed at stimulating angiogenesis following cerebral ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
2. Viallard C, Larrivée B. Tumor angiogenesis and vascular normalization: alternative therapeutic targets. (ac.ir)
This presents a promising therapeutic target to halt the progression of tumors and neovascular eye disease. (biomedcentral.com)
There are no effective therapeutic interventions for hypoxia yet, but important hypoxia-related factors have been identified, of which HIF-1a plays a key role. (cognizure.com)

Inactivating mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL ) tumor suppressor gene are associated with inherited VHL syndrome, which is characterized by susceptibility to a variety of neoplasms, including central nervous system hemangioblastoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). (aspetjournals.org)
Renal cell carcinoma (see the image below) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. (medscape.com)
See Renal Cell Carcinoma: Recognition and Follow-up , a Critical Images slideshow, to help evaluate renal masses and determine when and what type of follow-up is necessary. (medscape.com)
Renal cell carcinoma may remain clinically occult for most of its course. (medscape.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasms arising from the kidney. (medscape.com)
Go to Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Sarcomatoid and Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
The tissue of origin for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the proximal renal tubular epithelium. (medscape.com)

Following bloodstream clearance mediated by inflammation, bacteria are generally entrapped in the tumor vasculature. (nature.com)
ETP augmented fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through recruitment of macrophages and endothelial cells. (jci.org)
Reductions in uteroplacental flow initiate a cascade of molecular effects leading to hypoxia, thrombosis, inflammation, and endothelial cell dysfunction resulting in untoward pregnancy outcomes. (hindawi.com)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)

In contrast, ACT expands a patient's own T cells ex vivo to direct anti-tumor immunity when transfused back into the patient. (elifesciences.org)
We implanted a polyurethane sponge disk subcutaneously to elicit angiogenesis in the surrounding granulation tissues in rodents to analyse the mechanisms of angiogenesis in vivo ( 7 , 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
As linear correlations exist between expression levels of angiogenic factors under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in vitro , we propose that explanted primary cells may be used to probe the in vivo hypoxic environment. (biomedcentral.com)
Further studies should be performed to correlate in vitro protein expression levels of angiogenesis-related factors with in vivo patient response. (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo studies further confirmed the inhibitory effect of celastrol on the expression of HIF-1α proteins, leading to a decreased growth of Hep3B cells in a xenograft tumor model. (spandidos-publications.com)
Tumor xenograft model and ocular pathological neovascularization model were constructed as well as Isolectin B4 (IsoB4) staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the effects of AFAP1L1 on the progression of neoplasms and neovascular eye diseases in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Targeted suppression of AFAP1L1 specifically in endothelial cells in vivo proves effective in inhibiting tumor formation and ocular pathological neovascularization. (biomedcentral.com)
The second is the use of in vivo functional imaging modalities like bio-optical imaging (i.e. bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and fluorescent imaging) in animal studies to non-invasively visualize tumors and tumor behavior. (cognizure.com)

We postulated that the expression levels of angiogenesis-related proteins from various primary tumor cultures would be greater under hypoxic conditions than under normoxia. (biomedcentral.com)

A linear correlation between normoxic and hypoxic growth conditions exists for expression levels of eight of eleven angiogenesis-related proteins tested including: VEGF, IL-8, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AA/BB, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, EGF, and IP-10. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, differential expression levels for each sample across all proteins examined suggests it may be possible to build a predictor for angiogenesis-related anticancer agents, as each sample has a unique expression profile. (biomedcentral.com)
Oncomodulatory viruses, such as human cytomegaloviruses (HCMV), are known to release over 200 proteins, many of which can alter tumor behavior [ Table 1 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
NCMV proteins and their oncogenic effects on cell mechanisms. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Rather, only a few cells need to be infected, with the release of viral proteins from the viruses, which occupy most if not all of the tumor cells, including stromal cells. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
In addition, the presence of available nutrients in necrotic tumor tissues attracts facultative anaerobes like Salmonella and Escherichia to the cancerous site via chemotaxis. (nature.com)
During the operation to remove the tumour it was identified that it involved the deeper tissues of the neck such that no attempt was made to remove it. (scientificamerican.com)
Most tumours begin growing within normal tissues (dormant) (a) until they out grow they nutrient availability of the local environment and cell death occurs alongside rapid cell division. (scientificamerican.com)
On the contrary, small size NPs with a diameter of 4-20 nm easily penetrate into deep tumor tissues, but they are more prone to rapid clearance and insufficient drug retention. (nature.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Angiogenesis was estimated by determining the wet weight of sponge tissues and the expression of proangiogenic factors including CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in granulation tissues. (iiarjournals.org)
This perturbation leads to anomalous endothelial cell functionality, disordered vascular structure, elevated microvascular density, and augmented permeability, which aim to supply more oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste to the abnormal growth of solid tissues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The efficacy of every anticancer agent is usually assessed by its ability to kill tumor cells without damaging normal tissues. (researchsquare.com)

Mammalian cells require oxygen and nutrients for their survival and are therefore located within 100 to 200 m of blood vessels, the diffusion limit of oxygen. (hindawi.com)
It is now known that new blood vessels originate from preexisting vessels by activation, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through a process named "angiogenesis" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Vasculogenesis is the coalescence of new blood vessels from individual endothelial cells or progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
The occurrence of angiogenesis in tumors develops irregular and poorly-organized blood vessels. (nature.com)
Angiogenesis is the direct growth of blood vessels and requires the presence of hypoxic cells and angiogenic signals. (scientificamerican.com)
Blood-vessel formation will continue as long as the tumour grows, and the blood vessels specifically feed hypoxic and necrotic areas of the tumour to provide it with essential nutrients and oxygen (e). (scientificamerican.com)
It is well known that the rapid growth of tumor cells and distortion of tumor blood vessels often results in insufficient oxygen supply and acidification in solid tumors. (nature.com)
The process of forming new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature is called angiogenesis. (iiarjournals.org)
Tumor progression depends on the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and is a prerequisite for tumor outgrowth. (medscape.com)
Although tumor-associated angiogenesis has traditionally been defined as the sprouting of new vessels from preexisting vessels, it is becoming clear that the blood vessels that support tumor growth can also originate from cells recruited from the bone marrow or can even differentiate from tumor stem cells (vascular mimicry). (medscape.com)
Angiogenesis is the intricate process of generating fresh blood vessels from pre-existing ones. (biomedcentral.com)

We report that, in addition to direct inhibitory effects on endothelial cell growth, UCN-01 abrogates hypoxia-mediated transactivation of HIF-1-responsive promoters in a prostate cancer cell line. (karger.com)
We conclude that UCN-01, at clinically relevant concentrations, exerts an anti-neovascularization effect by blocking two important steps in vessel formation: (1) the response of cancer cells to hypoxia, and (2) endothelial cell proliferation. (karger.com)
Hypoxia leads to the up-regulation of hypoxia-induced transcription factors (HIF)-a and HIF-2a, which are the master regulators of proangiogenic signals, mainly the vascular endothelial cell growth factors (VEGFs). (medscape.com)
Interestingly, brain endothelial cell (BEC) proliferation followed the same time-course, suggesting a mechanistic relationship, with the Fn-α5β1/αVβ3 integrin axis driving BEC proliferation and angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising new approach in cancer therapy. (karger.com)
Conclusion: Combination of fucoidan with silencing of PrP c has a synergic effect on the inhibition of HT29 colon cancer cell growth. (iiarjournals.org)
Different strategies to target hypoxic cancer cells and/or HIFs include hypoxia-activated prodrugs and inhibition of HIF dimerization, mRNA or protein expression, DNA binding capacity, and transcriptional activity. (lu.se)
Inherited resistance is noted in prostate cancer cells that do not express BCL2, indicating that taxanes' mechanism of action relies at least partly on BCL2 inhibition. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
This observation was corroborated by the significant inhibition of cytokine production in interferon-Î³/tumor necrosis factor-stimulated human epidermal keratinocyte cells exposed to ozone in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Metformin blocks migration and invasion of tumour cells by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activation through a calcium and protein kinase Cα‐dependent pathway: Phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate‐induced/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/activator protein‐1. (ac.ir)
The principal mechanism of angiogenesis inhibition entails the regulation of tip cell behavior through the YAP-DLL4-NOTCH axis. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibiting AFAP1L1 results in the inhibition of angiogenesis by suppressing the germination of endothelial tip cells through the YAP-DLL4-NOTCH axis. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, inhibition or knockdown of HIF-1α attenuated the S1P-induced migration of ML-1 cells. (scite.ai)
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is vital for the generation of ceramide and functional inhibition of ASM by drugs like amitriptyline reduced SARS-CoV-2 entry into the epithelial cells. (scite.ai)
I n this highly cited paper , we identify heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a novel receptor and potential target for inhibition of exosome mediated glioma tumor development. (lu.se)

Malignant gliomas remain aggressive and lethal primary brain tumors in adults. (oncotarget.com)
We provide proof-of-concept for extracellular vesicle (EV) profiling as a strategy for non-invasive, liquid biopsy of brain tumors. (lu.se)

Among the growth regulators are cytokines and hepatic growth factors (eg, epithelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor). (msdmanuals.com)

Cells will adapt by activating the expression of genes involved in metabolic adaptation, such as those involved in glycolysis. (bmj.com)
Genetic studies of the families at high risk for developing renal cancer led to the cloning of genes whose alteration results in tumor formation. (medscape.com)
This compound markedly decreased the hypoxia-induced accumulation of HIF-1α protein dose-dependently, whereas it did not affect the expressions of HIF-1β and topoisomerase-I (topo‑I). Furthermore, celastrol prevented hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1 target genes for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO). (spandidos-publications.com)
has been found to be highly expressed due to hypoxia or when oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are mutated. (immune-source.com)
Aberrations of AR, erythroblast transformation-specific ( ETS ) genes, Tumor protein 53 (TP53), and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) occurred in 40%-60% of 150 mCRPC cases in a recent study. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
PGE2 activation of JAK2/STAT3 acting on genes controlling tumor invasion/migration, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and initiating immune suppression is demonstrated. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
However, it is still unknown whether hypoxia could affect the abundance of methylation modifications on mRNAs, which further affects the expression levels of these genes. (biomedcentral.com)
First of all, in case of hypoxia, the hypoxia-related pathway is activated, leading to upregulation of several pro-oncogenic genes and factors. (cognizure.com)
Although hundreds of genes are known to be mutated in cancers our understanding of mutational events in cancer cells remains incomplete ( Futreal PA et al, 2004 ). (intechopen.com)

The Von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ) tumour suppressor gene undergoes bi-allelic knockout in the vast majority of clear cell RCCs. (springer.com)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN-1), loss-of-function germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1 increase the risk of developing pituitary, parathyroid and pancreatic islet tumors, and less commonly thymic carcinoids, lipomas and benign adrenocortical tumors. (intechopen.com)

Angiogenesis begins with perivascular detachment and vessel dilation (b), followed by angiogenic sprouting (c), new vessel formation and maturation, and the recruitment of perivascular cells (d). (scientificamerican.com)
A localized hypoxic environment occurs during tumor growth necessitating an angiogenic response or tumor necrosis results. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, studies have shown HIF-mediated Sema4D induction in the generation of the pro-angiogenic phenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and have determined its biological significance for tumor growth and vascularity ( 10 ). (jcancer.org)
This is consistent with our previous work in the chronic hypoxia model in which transgenic mice lacking endothelial expression of α5 integrin (α5-EC-KO mice) showed a delayed and reduced angiogenic response to mild hypoxia [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Liraglutide promotes the angiogenic ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. (ac.ir)
Anti-angiogenic effects of Metformin, an AMPK activator, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and on granulation tissue in rat. (ac.ir)
In vitro experiments demonstrated that reducing AFAP1L1 levels can reverse hypoxia-induced excessive angiogenic capacity in HUVECs. (biomedcentral.com)

Materials and Methods: PrP c expression was suppressed in HT29 human colon cancer cells by utilizing small-interfering RNA (si-PRNP), and cells were subsequently used to study the antiproliferative and anticancer effects of fucoidan treatment of HT29 human colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Preclinical research indicates that the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, also known as calcitriol, or vitamin D analogues might have potential as anticancer agents because their administration has antiproliferative effects, can activate apoptotic pathways and inhibit angiogenesis. (researchgate.net)
Making anticancer drugs target-oriented about tumour which results in a selective concentration of these drugs in tumour sites. (researchsquare.com)
A key and successful strategy to enhance anticancer drugs solubility and their tumour targeting properties are to use polymer nanoparticles (nanocarriers) capable of carrying a wide range of anticancer drugs (20-24). (researchsquare.com)

Moreover tumor growth and angiogenesis in xenograft tumors also depends on HIF-1 activity and Coumarin 30 manufacture on the HIF-1? (immune-source.com)

In addition, areas of hypoxia and decreased cell proliferation develop. (dvm360.com)
This tumor is characterized by extensive areas of hypoxia, which triggers the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). (uniroma5.it)

He is known for his work on the mechanisms by which tumors suppress anti-cancer immune responses, and the role of the tumor vasculature in that suppression. (wikipedia.org)
This in turn renders the supply of oxygen in tumor vasculature insufficient, consequently leading to formation of hypoxia or anoxia regions in malignant tumors. (nature.com)
Two-photon imaging revealed that Etv2-deficient tumor-associated vasculature remained similar to that of steady-state vessels. (wustl.edu)
The development of the tumor vasculature is dependent on the homeostatic balance between a variety of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin, respectively), inflammatory, and coagulation factors. (medscape.com)

Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The number of cells double-positive for Foxp3/TGFβ and Foxp3/VEGF were lower in mPGES-1 −/− mice than in WT mice. (iiarjournals.org)
The topical application of PGE 2 into the implanted sponge enhanced angiogenesis and accumulation of Tregs expressing TGFβ and VEGF in WT and mPGES-1 −/− mice. (iiarjournals.org)
Conclusion: Tregs producing TGFβ and VEGF accumulate in wounds and contribute to angiogenesis through mPGES-1-derived PGE 2 . (iiarjournals.org)
For VEGF, the target of current therapies, this correlation between hypoxia and higher cytokine levels was greater in primary breast and lung carcinoma cells than in ovarian carcinoma cells or tumor cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) has been proven to be one of the hypoxia effectors regulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in multiple cells, and play a role in angiogenesis like VEGF. (jcancer.org)
These studies highlight a link among vascular oxidative stress, Etv2 expression, and VEGF response that is critical for tumor angiogenesis. (wustl.edu)
77 IL-8 acts through chemokine receptors 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and 2) and is involved in promoting angiogenesis through overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
In terms of colorectal cancers, Silibinin also inhibited angiogenesis through a decrease in expression and production of VEGF, HIF-1α، cyclooxygenase-II (COX2), and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (15). (researchsquare.com)

This process is marked by a complex and coordinated set of molecular changes leading to the motile behavior of the invading cancer cells, which involves dynamic cytoskeletal changes, cell-matrix interactions, localized proteolysis, actin-myosin contractions, and focal contact disassembly. (medscape.com)
Tumors with hypoxia have a more aggressive behavior, metastasize more often and have an overall worse prognosis. (cognizure.com)

Since hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1)-dependent transcription in cancer cells that, in a paracrine fashion, drive tumor angiogenesis, we investigated the effects of UCN-01 on HIF-1-responsive promoter constructs. (karger.com)
At decreased oxygen tensions, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1 and 2 are stabilized and mediate a hypoxic response, primarily by acting as transcription factors. (lu.se)
Inactivation of VHL ubiquitin ligase is associated with normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and 2-α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), transcriptional regulators of tumor angiogenesis, invasion, survival, and glucose utilization. (aspetjournals.org)
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the central mediator of cellular responses to low oxygen and vital to many aspects of cancer biology. (spandidos-publications.com)
Among these transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is one of the most important factors that play a critical role in controlling oxygen delivery and metabolic adaptation to hypoxic conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Others found that Silibinin targeted the onset of angiogenesis in prostate cancer and inhibited signalling originated by Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) (13, 14). (researchsquare.com)

ELF3 mediates IL-1α induced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to inflammatory iCAFs. (nih.gov)
Background: The putative functions of the cellular prion protein (PrP c ) are believed to be associated with cell signaling, differentiation, survival, and cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic adaptations necessary for T cells to meet changing biochemical needs throughout different stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) belongs to the semaphorin family, which binds to receptors such as Pleixn-B1 (transmembrane structure receptor), CD72 (cluster of differentiation antigen 72, mainly expresses on lymphocyte cells), then activates downstream signaling molecules. (jcancer.org)
13. Wu X, Li S, Xue P, Li Y. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, facilitates osteogenic proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2, and cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways involving β-catenin. (ac.ir)

Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
In vitro studies have shown that stromal cells cultured in hypoxic growth conditions secrete higher levels of critical angiogenesis-inducing factors than cells cultured in normoxic conditions [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
This presents a problem for the tumour as nutrients and in particular oxygen can only diffuse so far from the capillaries and if extra tissue is being laid down between capillaries, essentially pushing them apart, then tissue death will occur beyond where the nutrients can diffuse to. (scientificamerican.com)
Smartly engineered nanocapsules can not only shrink and decompose into small-sized nanodrugs upon drug release but also can regulate the TME to overproduce reactive oxygen species for enhanced synergistic therapy in tumors. (nature.com)
In hypoxia, several transcription factors are induced to respond to the decreased oxygen level. (spandidos-publications.com)
The results suggest that either PACAP or VIP exert an anti-infiltrative effect under low oxygen tension by modulating HIFs and EGFR expression, key elements involved in cell migration and angiogenesis. (uniroma5.it)
Hypoxia-induced factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, which adapts cells to hypoxic conditions through increased survival, motility and angiogenesis. (scite.ai)

In addition, cell proliferation and angiogenesis will be stimulated, enabling better oxygenation of the tissue. (bmj.com)

The innate immune system is mainly composed of myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Consequently, they thrived in the hypoxic/necrotic regions of tumors to evade clearance by the immune system. (nature.com)
Two of the primary immunotherapies are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). (elifesciences.org)
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) regulate not only immune tolerance but also tissue repair and angiogenesis. (iiarjournals.org)

These observations stimulated an intensive search for the mechanisms regulating tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)

Hypoxia-induced ELF3 promotes tumor angiogenesis through IGF1/IGF1R. (nih.gov)

Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. (jci.org)
Hence, the adipocyte, as a major constituent of the mammary tumor stroma ( 3 ), is a likely contributor to tumor growth. (jci.org)
Similarly, sEng is a truncated form of receptor for two subtypes of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β ) specifically, TGF β 1 and TGF β 2 which are highly expressed by vascular endothelial cells and syncytiotrophoblasts. (hindawi.com)
To do this the cancerous cells unlock various cellular growth checkpoints through mutation such as checking the DNA is in a good condition before division or could start to release factors that accelerate their own growth. (scientificamerican.com)
The cell death, largely due to hypoxia induces angiogenesis which restores a supply of nutrients and facilitates further tumour growth. (scientificamerican.com)
She believes that by using MR imaging techniques such perfusion MR imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and 3-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, detection of changes in tumor angiogenesis, cellularity, invasion, tumor hypoxia, and metabolic burden can be accurately measured and will provide more specific information about patient's early response to therapy in the context of tumor growth. (ucsf.edu)
We demonstrate that UCN-01, at concentrations lower than those necessary to inhibit cancer cell growth, inhibit proliferation of human endothelial cells in vitro. (karger.com)
Results: Fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited growth and reduced cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) expression in HT29 colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) represent a subpopulation of the tumor which is responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and re-growth after chemoradiation [ 5 , 6 ], as well as supporting tumor vessel growth and function [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Angiogenesis, new blood vessel formation from preexisting vessels, is critical for solid tumor growth. (wustl.edu)
As such, there have been efforts to inhibit angiogenesis as a means to obstruct tumor growth. (wustl.edu)
Systemic administration of Etv2 siRNA nanoparticles potently inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis without cardiovascular side effects. (wustl.edu)
As the tumor becomes larger, the growth fraction (percentage of cells that are actively dividing) decreases. (dvm360.com)
According to Gompertzian growth kinetics, microscopic or small tumors are more likely to be rapidly growing and therefore more sensitive to chemotherapy. (dvm360.com)
Human being umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were from Cascade Biologics (Oregon USA) and were cultured in M-200 medium (Cascade Biologics) supplemented with low serum growth health supplements (LSGS) (Cascade Biologics) penicillin-G (100 U/ml) streptomycin (100 ?g/ml) and amphotericin B (50 ng/ml) (Gibco). (immune-source.com)
There are several proposed mechanisms for resistance, including increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling caused by increased AR expression, gene amplification, gene transcription, and tumor growth. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Direct invasion by carcinoma cells of the stromal compartment involves active proteolysis effected principally by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), while degrading the BM and other ECM that lie in the path of invading tumor cells, MMP-expressing cells also liberate growth factors that are sequestered there, thereby fostering cancer cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] It is well established that tumor growth beyond the size of 1-2 mm is angiogenesis dependent. (medscape.com)
These endothelial cells not only supply nutrients and O 2 through the vascular system to facilitate tumor growth, but they also exhibit paracrine secretion, releasing stem and progenitor cell-active trophogens and endothelial-derived growth factors [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer is a complex genetic disease caused by abnormal alteration (mutations) in DNA sequences that leads to dyregulation of normal cellular processes thereby driving tumor growth. (intechopen.com)
In response to injury and loss, growth regulators induce hepatocellular hyperplasia (producing regenerating nodules) and arterial growth (angiogenesis). (msdmanuals.com)

2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)

3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)
We examined whether the mPGES-1/PGE 2 axis contributes to wound-induced angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation through Treg accumulation. (iiarjournals.org)
Results: Angiogenesis was suppressed in mPGES-1 −/− mice compared with WT mice, which was associated with attenuated forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression and Foxp3 + Treg accumulation. (iiarjournals.org)
Neutralizing Tregs with antibodies (Abs) against CD25 or folate receptor 4 (FR4) inhibited the Foxp3+ Treg angiogenesis and accumulation in WT mice, but not in mPGES-1 −/− mice. (iiarjournals.org)

Consequently, larger tumors are more likely to contain resistant tumor cells so we should use multiple effective drugs when the smallest about of disease is present to kill cells before resistance develops. (dvm360.com)
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-170), a drug-efflux pump that removes foreign substances from the cell. (dvm360.com)
To solve these problems, we characterized two cHL cell lines with acquired resistance to doxorubicin, KM-H2dx and HDLM-2dx (HRSdx), generated from KM-H2 and HDLM-2 cells, respectively. (preprints.org)
Both HDLM-2 and HDLM-2dx cells had an intrinsic resistance to BV but not to the drug MMAE. (preprints.org)
In conclusion, prostate cancer cells have resistance mechanisms to overcome cytotoxic therapies such as docetaxel and cabazitaxel. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

Goals of chemotherapy: tumor control, prolonged survival, maintain quality of life. (dvm360.com)

These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. (jci.org)
Large tumours with dead or necrotic nodes (necrosis can develop as one large deposit or multiple small foci in the centre of the tumourous tissue) are very common and in many cases act as a marker of the primary tumour where metastases are observed. (scientificamerican.com)
Insufficient tissue oxygenation, or hypoxia, contributes to tumor aggressiveness and has a profound impact on clinical outcomes in cancer patients. (lu.se)
Thus, tissue repair from wounds and gastric ulcers depends on angiogenesis ( 3 , 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
As a tumor grows, the existing blood supply becomes inefficient at supporting the tissue, and areas of the tumor become hypoxic. (biomedcentral.com)
The phenomenon of field cancerization (the existence of histologically abnormal tissue beyond a neoplastic area that predisposes to tumour formation) was described in the 1950s on the basis of analyses of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). (researchgate.net)

In PAE cells, soluble Sema4D promoted cell migration and developed a "tubulogenic" phenotype ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)
HIFs not only mediate angiogenesis but also tumor cell migration and invasion. (uniroma5.it)
Previous studies have shown that VIP interferes with the invasive nature of gliomas by regulating cell migration. (uniroma5.it)
This is important for cell migration. (scite.ai)
Significance: This study explains how TRPC1 regulates receptor expression and migration in thyroid cancer cells. (scite.ai)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid, which regulates several cancer-related processes including migration and angiogenesis. (scite.ai)
We have previously shown S1P to induce migration of follicular ML-1 thyroid cancer cells. (scite.ai)
In conclusion, we have identified S1P as a non-hypoxic regulator of HIF-1 activity in thyroid cancer cells, studied the signaling involved in S1P-induced HIF-1α expression and shown S1P-induced migration to be mediated by HIF-1. (scite.ai)
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors and human ether-a 0 -go-go-related gene (HERG (KCNH2)) potassium channels are important modulators of cell migration. (scite.ai)

This puts pressure in the growing tumour, as cancerous cells are amongst those dying, a common solution must be developed to supply nutrients. (scientificamerican.com)
With a newly established nutrient supply the cancerous tumour can continue to grow but eventually the tumour will become so large that the centre of the tumour is too far from a blood vessel to be provided with nutrients and then the cells at the centre of these tumours must die. (scientificamerican.com)

Our investigation revealed that AFAP1L1 plays a crucial role in promoting the development of various tumors and demonstrates a strong correlation with endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)

1 Severe hypoxia causes a high mutation rate, resulting in point mutations, which may be explained by reduced DNA mismatch repair activity resulting from decreased MLH1 and PMS2 concentrations, which are caused by hypoxia. (bmj.com)
Mutations in the VHL gene are also found in the majority of sporadic clear cell renal carcinoma, the most common malignant neoplasm of the human kidney. (aspetjournals.org)
As a tumor grows, these mutations can make the cells resistant to chemotherapy, even without exposure to chemotherapy. (dvm360.com)
Herein we selected a Mendelian genetics form of familial cancer such as hereditary tumor syndromic endocrine neoplasias caused by highly penetrant germline mutations leading to pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndromes. (intechopen.com)
In the case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), gain-of-function germline mutations clustered in specific codons of the RET proto-oncogene increase the risk of developing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), phaeochromocytoma and parathyroid tumors. (intechopen.com)
Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

More recently, his group invented tools for cleavage-free large gene insertion via mining microbial recombination protein, and developed single-cell tracking approach for studying cancer biology and cancer immunology. (stanford.edu)
Using this cell line, we have identified emetine as a specific inhibitor of HIF-2α protein stability and transcriptional activity. (aspetjournals.org)
Without altering HIF-2α mRNA level, emetine rapidly and dramatically down-regulated HIF-2α protein expression in 786-O cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Pan-cancer analysis and scRNA-seq data analysis were employed to forecast the association between Actin filament-associated protein 1 like 1 (AFAP1L1) and the development of tumors and endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistically, AFAP1L1 functions as a hypoxia-related regulatory protein that can be activated by HIF-1α. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, AFAP1L1, a newly identified hypoxia-related regulatory protein, can be activated by HIF-1α. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we have shown that the S1P 1-3 receptors are expressed in C643 and THJ-16T human ATC cell lines, both at mRNA and protein level. (scite.ai)
DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)

The most common malignant glioma, known as glioblastoma (GBM), is characterized by necrosis, hypoxia, and extensive angiogenesis [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
We find that glioma tumors adapt to stress through increased recruitment of lipids, resulting in a lipid storing metabolic phenotype as a potentially targetable driver of tumor development. (lu.se)

Further, inhibitory receptors present in the TME can inhibit T cell metabolism and alter T cell signaling both directly and through release of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. (elifesciences.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic changes that drive T cells into different stages of their development and how the TME imposes barriers to the metabolism and activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, we will provide an overview of how utilizing an understanding of T cell metabolism may inform strategies to alter the TME or enhance T cell metabolism to strengthen the immunotherapy arsenal. (elifesciences.org)
Our findings high-light the role of lipid metabolism in the stressed GBM tumor niche. (lu.se)

Intriguingly, perivascular tumor cells can also express HIF-2α, thereby forming a "pseudohypoxic" phenotype that further contributes to tumor aggressiveness. (lu.se)

ETS transcription factor ELF3 (ESE-1) is a cell cycle regulator in benign and malignant prostate. (nih.gov)
Nanopore Sequencing Unveils Diverse Transcript Variants of the Epithelial Cell-Specific Transcription Factor Elf-3 in Human Malignancies. (nih.gov)
For researchers studying these cell populations, or in cases where light scatter gating does not adequately exclude these cells from the analysis, this background may be an important factor to consider when selecting reagents for panel(s). (bdbiosciences.com)
Here, we demonstrate that the developmentally critical transcription factor Etv2 is selectively upregulated in both human and mouse tumor-associated endothelial cells (TAECs) and is required for tumor angiogenesis. (wustl.edu)
Hypoxia is an important micro-environmental factor in promoting tumor progression. (spandidos-publications.com)

Immunotherapy with dendritic cells and/or cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. (aetna.com)

Subsequent studies described a VEGFR2 and AC133 expressing subpopulation of these CD34 positive circulating cells that could form endothelial colonies in vitro [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
In parallel in vitro studies, flow cytometry was used to determine the influence of TNF-α on proliferation and integrin expression of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). (biomedcentral.com)

Multifunctional magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can be directly imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and designed to therapeutically target cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms6

Diseases32

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes21

Disciplines and Occupations1

Microenvironment21

Metastasis10

Apoptosis21

Metastatic10

Therapeutic12

Renal cell carc7

Inflammation4

Vivo8

Primary tumor1

Proteins5

Tissues9

Blood vessels11

Endothelial cell4

Inhibition11

Brain tumors2

Necrosis factor1

Genes9

Suppressor gene2

Angiogenic7

Anticancer4

Xenograft1

Areas of hypoxia2

Vasculature4

VEGF9

Behavior2

Inducible6

Differentiation6

Stromal cells2

Oxygen6

Proliferation and angiogenesis1

Immune5

Mechanisms regul1

Promotes tumor1

Growth22

Induces1

Accumulation5

Resistance5

Survival1

Tissue6

Migration9

Nutrients2

Various tumors1

Induce1

Mutations6

Protein8

Glioma2

Metabolism4

Phenotype1

Factor5

Cytokine1

Vitro2

Nanoparticles1