AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Francisella tularensisTularemiaBacterial VaccinesVaccines, AttenuatedMacrophagesVirulenceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLInterferon-gammaPhagosomesVaccinesViral VaccinesFrancisellaVaccines, InactivatedVaccines, SyntheticVaccinationAntibodies, BacterialInjections, IntradermalVaccines, CombinedVaccines, DNAAdministration, IntranasalBacterial ProteinsAntigens, BacterialAIDS VaccinesSalmonella Vaccines
TularemiaSubspVirulentHolarcticaBacteriaFrancisella tularensis LVSVirulencePathogenCholeraVariolaNanoparticleAssaysCausativeMycobacteriumOrganismEscherichiaAbstractGenomeConferAdjuvantsCampylobacterTranscriptionalSubpopulationViralBiochemicalEpidemiologicReveals2000LethalSequenceRobustGenesResponsesFeverAntibioticMiceMicroorganismsMutant strainMonoclonal AntibodiesRespiratorySpeciesDifferGeneticExperimentsEffectiveBiological weaponsHumansImmuneTreatmentsDevelopmentVariants
Tularemia11
  • Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious, facultative Among these, pulsed-fi eld gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the more widely adopted and was recently proposed for diag- zoonotic disease tularemia. (cdc.gov)
  • The Working centers, civilian and military govern- one can but feel that the status of tularemia, Group on Civilian Biodefense consid- mental agencies, and other public health both as a disease in nature and of man, is one ers F tularensis to be a dangerous poten- and emergency management institu- of potentiality . (cdc.gov)
  • F. tularensis can cause a fatal, febrile illness, although these natural tularemia infections are rare in the United States. (fda.gov)
  • Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of tularemia, a serious disease in several Northern hemisphere countries. (bibbase.org)
  • article{karlsson_sequencing_2000, title = {Sequencing of the {Francisella} tularensis {Strain} {Schu} 4 {Genome} {Reveals} the {Shikimate} and {Purine} {Metabolic} {Pathways}, {Targets} for the {Construction} of a {Rationally} {Attenuated} {Auxotrophic} {Vaccine}}, volume = {5}, issn = {1090-6592}, url = {https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/10906590050145249}, doi = {10.1089/10906590050145249}, abstract = {Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of tularemia, a serious disease in several Northern hemisphere countries. (bibbase.org)
  • Responsible for tularemia, Francisella tularensis bacteria are highly infectious Gram-negative, category A bioterrorism agents. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The facultative intracellular Gram-negative coccobacillus Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent of tularemia [ 1 ]. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A vaccine is available for tularemia. (faqs.org)
  • Tularemia Tularemia is infection that is caused by the gram-negative bacteria Francisella tularensis , which is acquired when people have direct contact with infected wild animals, usually rabbits. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Francisella tularensis is the causative pathogen of tularemia and a Tier 1 bioterror agent on the CDC list. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Due to its high infectivity to cause tularemia, relative ease of dissemination and prior stock as a biological weapon, F. tularensis subsp. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
Subsp7
  • Human disease caused by F. tularensis subsp. (cdc.gov)
  • High-resolution typing of F. tularensis is currently lecular and epidemiologic analyses of natural isolates of F. attainable only by the use of multilocus variable-number tularensis subsp. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the development of F. tularensis as a potential weapon of bioterrorism during the Cold War spurred the development of a live attenuated vaccine, LVS, from F. tularensis subsp. (fda.gov)
  • To better understand the impact of these mutations on LVS' immunogenicity, we sequenced the genomes of LVS-G and LVS-R as well as our parental laboratory stock of LVS, originally obtained from ATCC, and compared these to the F. tularensis subsp. (fda.gov)
  • The only two subspecies of F. tularensis that cause severe disease in humans are the subsp. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • tularensis (Type A strains) and subsp. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • NR-13 Francisella tularensis subsp. (beiresources.org)
Virulent3
  • A random library of DNA fragments from a highly virulent strain (Schu 4) of F. tularensis was constructed and the nucleotide sequences of 13,904 cloned fragments were determined and assembled into 353 contigs. (bibbase.org)
  • World Health Organization (WHO) estimates hypothesize that if 50 kg of 'weaponized' or highly virulent bacterium Francisella tularensis was dispersed in aerosol form over a large city, depending on weather and exposure patterns, there could be as many as 250,000 infections resulting in a projected 19,000 deaths. (faqs.org)
  • Considering the fact that some subpopulation of the F. tularensis strains is more virulent, more significantly associated with mortality, and therefore poses more threat to humans, rapid identification and characterization of this subpopulation strains is of invaluable importance. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
Holarctica2
  • Such analyses are labor-intensive, hampered by the from other strains of subspecies holarctica, and high-reso- fastidious growth characteristics of the organism on artifi - lution strain typing. (cdc.gov)
  • holarctica (Type B strains). (encyclopedia.pub)
Bacteria10
  • Each subspecies shows a discrete natural ing concentration-adjusted suspensions of live bacteria, geographic distribution and also varying degrees of viru- which has the potential for creating infectious aerosols, is lence ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • F. tularensis Schu4 was able to grow in the absence of aromatic amino acids and orthologues of genes which could encode enzymes in the shikimate pathway in other bacteria were identified in the assembled data. (bibbase.org)
  • There are thousands of different kinds of bacteria, and they live in every conceivable environment all over the world. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Some bacteria have been reported even to live in radioactive waste. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Many bacteria live on and in the bodies of people and animals-on the skin and in the airways, mouth, and digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts-without causing any harm. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Bacteria, like other living things, are classified by genus (based on having one or several similar characteristics) and, within the genus, by species. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Bacteria are also classified by whether they need oxygen to live and grow. (merckmanuals.com)
  • First discovered in 1911 in Tulare, California, this disease is caused by the bacteria Francisella Tularensis. (tenzzies.com)
  • While there is no vaccine for this disease yet, antibiotics are usually effective in killing these bacteria if treatment is given on time. (tenzzies.com)
  • Capnocytophaga is a common type of bacteria that normally lives in the mouths of dogs and cats. (cdc.gov)
Francisella tularensis LVS3
Virulence5
  • Based on virulence tests and nostic and epidemiologic work on F. tularensis by PulseNet biochemical assays, F. tularensis is divided into 4 subspe- laboratories throughout the United States ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The method capitalizes subspecies into 2 major groups of isolates, which differ in on differences among strains in copy numbers of sequence virulence and geographic distribution ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Genes located on plasmids pOM1 and pNFL10, which had been previously isolated from low virulence strains of F. tularensis, were absent but all of the other known F. tularensis genes were represented in the assembled data. (bibbase.org)
  • Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
  • New research avenues include research into vaccine design, mechanisms of drug resistance, and virulence determinants. (medscape.com)
Pathogen4
  • Francisella tularensis, a potent human pathogen and a pu- needed, not only because of their use in clinical and public tative bioterrorist agent, we combined analysis of insertion- health work but also because of a rising concern associated deletion (indel) markers with multiple-locus variable-number with risks for bioterrorism ( 4 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • My research focuses on vaccine development against the pathogen Francisella tularensis ( Ft ) through the host's innate and adaptive immune responses. (umaryland.edu)
  • Biological agents and pathogens are controlled when they are an isolated live culture of a pathogen agent, or a preparation of a toxin agent which has been isolated or extracted from any source, or material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with the agent. (advocatetanmoy.com)
  • Isolated live cultures of a pathogen agent include live cultures in dormant form or in dried preparations, whether the agent is natural, enhanced or modified. (advocatetanmoy.com)
Cholera1
  • [4] The oral cholera vaccine , while effective for cholera , is of questionable use for travelers' diarrhea . (wikipedia.org)
Variola2
  • The Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms available in the Center comprises over 10,000 deposit entries: various viral strains, including the national collection of variola virus strains and strains of viral BSL-4 pathogens. (biosecuritycommons.com)
  • VECTOR houses one of the two WHO Collaborating Centers (WHO Collaborating Center for orthopoxvirus diagnosis and repository for variola virus strains and DNA), supplied with all required conditions for work with human highly pathogenic viruses including variola virus. (biosecuritycommons.com)
Nanoparticle3
  • The most promising vaccine candidates I am working on are Ft subunit vaccines on a nanoparticle platform known as functionalized catanionic surfactant vesicles (FCSV). (umaryland.edu)
  • We developed and evaluated an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine in nonhuman primates. (bvsalud.org)
  • We evaluated whether a SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine (SpFN), adjuvanted with the Army Liposomal Formulation QS21 (ALFQ), conferred protection against the Alpha (B.1.1.7), and Beta (B.1.351) VOCs in Syrian golden hamsters. (bvsalud.org)
Assays1
  • This review summarizes the up-to-date developments of assays for mainly detecting and characterizing F. tularensis and a touch of caveats of some of the assays. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
Causative1
  • The causative bacterium, Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative bacterium that, even though it does not form a spore, can survive for protracted periods of time in environments such as cold water, moist hay, soil, and decomposing carcasses. (faqs.org)
Mycobacterium1
  • 예를 들면 Mycobacterium tuberculosis와 Francisella tularensis와 같은 세포내 침입 미생물 감염 시 Type I 인터페론(IFN-α, IFN-β)과 Type II 인터페론(IFN-γ)이 숙주 방어면역반응에 중요한 역할을 함이 알려져 왔다[8, 9]. (kdca.go.kr)
Organism3
  • Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative organism found in many regions of the world. (fda.gov)
  • An especially severe pneumonia develops from the inhalation of one type of the organism, which is designated as Francisella tularensis biovar tularensis (type A). The pneumonia can progress to respiratory failure and death. (faqs.org)
  • An organism that lives at high temperatures under very acidic conditions. (innvista.com)
Escherichia1
  • Increased expression of periplasmic Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase enhances survival of Escherichia coli invasive strains within nonphagocytic cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Abstract1
  • abstract： BACKGROUND:The knowledge on bovine vaccines against respiratory viruses on bronchoalveolar fluid cells is scarce. (shengsci.com)
Genome1
  • From 5 representative F. F. tularensis is included among the top 6 "category A" po- tularensis genome sequences, 38 indel markers with ca- tential bioterrorism agents believed to have the greatest po- nonical properties, i.e., capable of sorting strains into ma- jor genetic groups, were selected. (cdc.gov)
Confer1
  • The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants stresses the continued need for next-generation vaccines that confer broad protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (bvsalud.org)
Adjuvants3
  • These findings will contribute to fish immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections through the design of more specific and effective immune stimulants, adjuvants, and vaccines. (frontiersin.org)
  • This knowledge will support the development of effective vaccines and adjuvants against pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • My recent work studying macrophage responses to Ft infection and in comparing different vaccine adjuvants in vitro have lead to the investigation of cell energetic changes during the course of infection/immunization. (umaryland.edu)
Campylobacter1
  • The re-annotation also utilises sequence data from additional Campylobacter strains and species not available during the original annotation. (omictools.com)
Transcriptional1
Subpopulation1
  • A culture-adapted strain of Babesia bovis has reduced subpopulation complexity and is unable to complete its natural life cycle in ticks. (usda.gov)
Viral1
  • The geographical location of the Center - near the geographical center of Russia - is very suitable for the most effective collection of natural viral and bacterial strains and diagnostic procedures for the study of specimens from Asian Russia, Central Asia FSU republics, Mongolia and other neighbor countries, if needed because Novosibirsk is the largest in the area transportation hub. (biosecuritycommons.com)
Biochemical1
  • In standard medical practice, subspecies determination subspecies division, delineation of clades A.I and A.II of of F. tularensis typically involves biochemical fermenta- subspecies tularensis , differentiation of Japanese strains tions. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiologic1
  • Many of the childhood vaccine-preventable diseases include epidemiologic criteria (e.g., exposure to probable or confirmed cases of disease) in the case definitions. (cdc.gov)
Reveals1
  • Analysis of genomic distributions of SARS-CoV-2 reveals a dominant strain type with strong allelic associations. (cdc.gov)
20001
  • during 1998-2000, at least 14 species (n = 309) of small mammals were live-trapped and examined for ectoparasites in moist forests of the taita and shimba hills and drier savannah habitats of nguruman, southeastern kenya. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Lethal4
  • time-consuming, produces complex banding pattern data, tularensis may be fulminate or even lethal, whereas disease and has a restrictive discriminatory capacity when applied caused by other subspecies is less severe, although often to F. tularensis ( 7 , 14 - 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Subsequent investigation revealed that CCHFV infected mice lacking TNF-α receptor signaling (TNFA-R-deficient), but not IL-6 or IL-1 activity, had more limited liver injury and were largely protected from lethal outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, we found that a disease causing, but non-lethal strain of CCHFV produced more blunted inflammatory cytokine responses compared to a lethal strain in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lessons from COVID variants include immediate impacts at the local level (initial variant), global pandemic effects from the Delta variant to include significant and protracted economic impact, and the more sub-lethal, sustained economic, political, and healthcare impacts of the Omicron strain. (westpoint.edu)
Sequence1
  • The results indicate that the genomic sequence of ATCC LVS is nearly identical to that of the human LVS vaccine. (fda.gov)
Robust1
  • Officials said successful immunization campaigns would hinge on authorized vaccines that closely match circulating strains alongside robust surveillance strategies. (umn.edu)
Genes1
  • This demonstration opens up new avenues for identifying functional genes, and novel therapeutic strategies against F. tularensis infections. (encyclopedia.pub)
Responses1
  • The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the immune responses of fish, and will aid in the development of effective vaccines, therapies, and disease-resistant strains. (frontiersin.org)
Fever1
  • These attacks cause enlarged spleen and liver, high fever and pneumonia. (tenzzies.com)
Antibiotic1
  • In the 1970s, antibiotic treatments and vaccines for leprosy were developed using armadillos, then given to humans. (wikipedia.org)
Mice2
  • Francisella tularensis induces extensive caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death in the tissues of infected mice. (childrensmercy.org)
  • NK cells and gamma interferon coordinate the formation and function of hepatic granulomas in mice infected with the Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain. (childrensmercy.org)
Microorganisms1
  • Resident Flora Healthy people live in harmony with most of the microorganisms that establish themselves on or in (colonize) nonsterile parts of the body, such as the skin, nose, mouth, throat, large intestine. (merckmanuals.com)
Mutant strain1
  • This attenuation was amplified in a double mutant strain. (omictools.com)
Monoclonal Antibodies1
  • The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also highlighted the ongoing biological revolution that has resulted in the rapid development and employment of new diagnostic tests, vaccines, and other targeted treatments including monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs. (westpoint.edu)
Respiratory2
  • The effect of bovine vaccines against respiratory viruses administered either intranasal or intramuscular on broncho-alveolar fluid cells of heifers. (shengsci.com)
  • OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of a commercial intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) vaccine against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex viruses on bronchoalveolar fluid cells of healthy heifers. (shengsci.com)
Species2
  • Within a species, there may be different types, called strains. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The most commonly used tests look for antibodies to the Borrelia species that cause Lyme disease in the UK and Europe, but they also detect infections from strains of Borrelia from the US. (lymetalk.net)
Differ1
Genetic1
Experiments2
  • Literally, "vivisection" means "live sectioning" of an animal, and historically referred only to experiments that involved the dissection of live animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aristotle and Erasistratus were among the first to perform experiments on living animals. (wikipedia.org)
Effective1
Biological weapons2
  • Until the demise of the Soviet Union, its biological weapons development program actively developed strains of the bacterium that were resistant to antibiotics and vaccines. (faqs.org)
  • Because living organisms can be unpredictable and incredibly resilient, biological weapons are difficult to control, potentially devastating on a global scale, and prohibited globally under numerous treaties. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Humans1
  • 6.2.1.2 Biological products are those products derived from living organisms which are manufactured and distributed in accordance with the requirements of appropriate national authorities, which may have special licensing requirements, and are used either for prevention, treatment, or diagnosis of disease in humans or animals, or for development, experimental or investigational purposes related thereto. (searates.com)
Immune1
  • The immune response elicited by SpFN vaccination and resulting efficacy in nonhuman primates supports the utility of SpFN as a vaccine candidate for SARS-causing betacoronaviruses. (bvsalud.org)
Treatments1
  • Instead, I should have enlightened them about our exciting work on the definition of MHC class II, how this would allow us to make better vaccines, improve typing for bone marrow transplants, and create better treatments for cancer. (aai.org)
Development1
  • My long-term goal is to become an independent investigator in vaccine development. (umaryland.edu)
Variants2
  • High-dose (50 µg) SpFN vaccine, given twice 28 days apart, induced a Th1-biased CD4 T cell helper response and elicited neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants of concern, as well as against SARS-CoV-1. (bvsalud.org)
  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) requires adequate coverage of vaccine protection. (bvsalud.org)