• Differences have been highlighted in the expression of SLC7A6 and SLC7A7 mRNA among different cell models: while SLC7A6 is almost equally expressed, SLC7A7 is particularly abundant in MDM, intestinal Caco-2 cells and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpC). (nih.gov)
  • Proteinuria that is excessive for the USG and glucosuria without hyperglycemia can reflect proximal tubular disease (yes, other factors affect these as well as you will see below). (eclinpath.com)
  • Renal clearance of intravascular agents is a multifaceted process involving glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and finally elimination of the molecule through urinary excretion. (medscape.com)
  • We perform this quantification or use this ratio when we are concerned about proteinuria that is excess for the urine specific gravity and want to determine if the excess proteinuria is due to tubular or glomerular dysfunction (see more below under protein to creatinine ratio). (eclinpath.com)
  • Naturally, we cannot distinguish between tubular and glomerular proteinuria on the dipstick protein result alone, but the urine protein to creatinine ratio (a more quantitative measurement of protein in urine) can be helpful (see more below). (eclinpath.com)
  • In some animals, pH can also tell us about renal tubular disease (e.g. in distal renal tubular acidosis, the pH of the urine is alkaline as the distal tubules can no longer acidify the urine or excrete acid, resulting in a systemic metabolic acidosis). (eclinpath.com)
  • The excessive consumption of acid precursor foods (sources of phosphorus and proteins), to the detriment of those precursors of bases (sources of potassium, calcium, and magnesium), leads to acid-base balance volubility. (mdpi.com)
  • Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 16.52 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
  • This includes using a sulfosalicylic acid precipitation test (not used much anymore), heat precipitation for Bence-Jones proteins or free immunoglobulin light chain (not used much anymore) and urine electrophoresis, which is used to detect light chains of immunoglobulins primarily, but also give us a "feel" for what proteins are in the urine (this is more accurately done with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than standard serum protein gel or capillary zone electrophoresis). (eclinpath.com)
  • Protein and glucose give us information on tubular function, specifically the ability of proximal tubules to resorb normally filtered low molecular weight substances such as smaller proteins and glucose. (eclinpath.com)
  • This variation did not affect virion production or virus growth kinetics, but a specific amino acid was rapidly selected through evolution experiments, and significantly improved cellular attachment when infecting immune cells in suspension. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we utilise the murine norovirus model system to show that variation in a single amino acid of the major capsid protein can alone can affect viral infectivity through improved attachment to suspension cells. (bvsalud.org)