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MycobacteriumTractPulmonary tuberculosisExtrapulmonary tuberculosisInfectionsLungsGastro-intestinal tuberculosisInfectious DiseasesSymptomsAnti-tuberculosis drugsInfectionEvidence of tuberculosisClinicalMalariaMiliaryActive tuberculosisPerforationComplicationsInfectManifestationsPeritonitisAbdominal painDiagnosis of gastrointestinalRenalDiseaseEtiologyBacillusPeritonealOutcomesIntestinalSputumIleocecalSuggestivePatientsHematogenousLymphadenopathy2021MalignanciesTreatmentStrains

Mycobacterium20

• Overall, approximately a quarter of the world's population is infected with the TB bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , but not all infected individuals have clinical disease. (medscape.com)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) is a common infectious agent, particularly in developing countries, with a reported incidence of 18.9 cases/100.000 inhabitants/year in general population [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
• The definitive diagnosis can be established by demonstrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis in peritoneal fluid or in a biopsy specimen. (wikipedia.org)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are two distinct types of bacteria that can cause infections in the lungs and other parts of the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) , a global health concern and leading cause of death. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Tuberculosis (TB) properly refers only to disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (for which humans are the main reservoir). (msdmanuals.com)
• Whether or not CD4 T cells act as "helper" cells to advertise optimum CD8 T cell responses throughout Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unknown. (tbdb.org)
• The 38 kDa protein is a serious antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been broadly utilized in TB serodiagnosis, on account of its extremely sensitivity and specificity. (tbdb.org)
• Tuberculosis (TB) an infectious illness brought on by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), infects the lungs' alveolar surfaces by the aerosol droplets. (tbdb.org)
• TB is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs, although other organs and tissues may be involved. (embs.org)
• These three bacteria, together with M. tuberculosis and other less common mycobacteria, are known as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. (merckmanuals.com)
• It is caused by a bacterial microorganism, the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (encyclopedia.com)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.TB ) causes a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. (hindawi.com)
• Tuberculosis is one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. TB ). (hindawi.com)
• However, in the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mtb -mediated drug metabolism plays a significant role in treatment outcomes. (nature.com)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses this as its route of exit. (open.edu)
• One group includes the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the other includes non-tuberculous (also known as environmental) mycobacteria. (benthamscience.com)
• Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) , which is believed to be present in the nature for at least 15,000 years. (news-medical.net)
• It is believed that the genus Mycobacterium was present in the environment about 150 million years ago, and an early variant of M. tuberculosis was originated in East Africa about 3 million years ago. (news-medical.net)
• Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) refer to all mycobacteria, excluding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae . (degruyter.com)

Tract11

• When the gastrointestinal tract is infected with the bacteria, epitheloid tubercles are formed in the lymphoid tissue of the submucosal layer. (wikipedia.org)
• The anus is the route of exit from the gastrointestinal tract (or gut). (open.edu)
• Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract: Methylprednisolone can cause holes in the stomach or intestinal lining. (rxwiki.com)
• Most cases of paraneoplastic AN involve an adenocarcinoma,[5] most commonly one arising in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach or liver[3] ) and less commonly in the lungs, ovaries, uterus, breasts, kidneys, prostate or bladder. (medscape.com)
• He also identified that M. tuberculosis can infect the gastrointestinal tract, bones, joints, nervous systems, lymph nodes, genital and urinary tracts, and skin (extra-pulmonary tuberculosis), in addition to the respiratory tract (pulmonary tuberculosis). (news-medical.net)
• Pediatric Crohn's disease is a rare, inflammatory bowel disease characterized by severe, chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall or any portion of the gastrointestinal tract. (rarediseases.org)
• The gastrointestinal tract is a group of organs that are connected by tubes that run from the mouth to the anus. (rarediseases.org)
• The organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract are the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. (rarediseases.org)
• Pediatric Crohn's disease can affect any area of the gastrointestinal tract. (rarediseases.org)
• Rifampin is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. (nih.gov)
• F. tularensis can infect humans through the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. (cdc.gov)

Pulmonary tuberculosis6

• Of the 30 patients followed, 22 had radiographic findings suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis, of which 13 were confirmed by culture. (medscape.com)
• Those with existing pulmonary tuberculosis can have abdominal tuberculosis through the ingestion of infected sputum. (wikipedia.org)
• Delay in diagnosis and treatment of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis leads to the spread of this disease [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Clinical manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis are cough, fever, weakness, and weight loss [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis plays a significant role in preventing the spread of the disease and eventual death of the patients [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Pulmonary tuberculosis represents a variety of radiographic patterns. (hindawi.com)

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis1

• Abdominal tuberculosis is a type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis which involves the abdominal organs such as intestines, peritoneum and abdominal lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)

Infections7

• IR for opportunistic infections (excluding tuberculosis) was 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) and was 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) for tuberculosis. (bmj.com)
• Parasitic infections of occupational origin are caused by protozoa, helminths, and arthropods and include malaria, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and various less common blood and gastrointestinal infections. (cdc.gov)
• Manual scavengers are exposed to the most virulent forms of viral and bacterial infections that affect their skin, eyes, limbs, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. (indiatogether.org)
• Collecting a detailed travel history, particularly when signs and/or symptoms of gastrointestinal infections as mentioned above, mumps, varicella, tuberculosis, malaria, leishmaniasis, hepatitis A, and COVID-19 are present, may help in identifying and taking appropriate action to prevent further spread of these diseases within the United States. (cdc.gov)
• The risk factors for bacterial infections among patients with cirrhosis of liver were upper gastrointestinal bleeding (odd ratio = 4.57, p = 0.0001), use of proton pump inhibitors (odd ratio = 2.57, p = 0.0001), degree of malnutrition (odd ratio = 10.34, p = 0.0001) and severity of cirrhosis (odd ratio = 12.99, p = 0.000). (scirp.org)
• Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, severity of cirrhosis, use of high dose proton pump inhibitors and severe malnutrition are important risk factors for infections among cirrhotics. (scirp.org)
• 1999) Antibiotic Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Bacterial Infections in Cirrhotic Patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Meta-Analysis. (scirp.org)

Lungs5

• It can either occur in isolation or along with a primary focus (such as the lungs) in patients with disseminated tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
• M. tuberculosis causes TB and is a highly contagious respiratory infection, primarily affecting the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Tuberculosis most commonly affects the lungs. (msdmanuals.com)
• Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. (encyclopedia.com)
• In 1843, Philipp Friedrich Hermann Klencke, a German physician, experimentally produced the human and bovine forms of tuberculosis for the first time by inoculating extracts from a miliary tubercle into the liver and lungs. (news-medical.net)

Gastro-intestinal tuberculosis2

• The authors report two cases of isolated gastro-intestinal tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients that illustrates the difficulty of making this diagnosis and a brief review of the literature on its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach. (hindawi.com)
• How can gastro-intestinal tuberculosis diagnosis be improved? (biomedcentral.com)

Infectious Diseases2

• more visits during this period were for infectious diseases or mental and behavioral health-related concerns and fewer visits were for gastrointestinal and upper-respiratory-related illnesses compared with ED visits during December 2019-January 2020. (cdc.gov)
• Clinical gastrointestinal infectious, HIV, and tropical infectious diseases. (utmb.edu)

Symptoms6

• Through analysis of presenting signs and symptoms, clinical evaluation and diagnostic results, we aimed to develop a clinical algorithm to aid in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal TB. (biomedcentral.com)
• The symptoms of abdominal tuberculosis depends on the sites of involvement. (wikipedia.org)
• The most common symptoms and signs of abdominal tuberculosis are abdominal pain, ascites and intestinal obstruction. (wikipedia.org)
• Night sweats, nausea, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhoea, blood in stool and perforation of bowel are some of the rare symptoms of abdominal tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
• cell failure, nash or from the growth hormone receptors in gastrointestinal symptoms. (lorenzopetrantoni.com)
• A Greek physician, Clarissimus Galen, who became the physician of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in 174 AD, described the symptoms of tuberculosis as fever, sweating, coughing and blood-stained sputum. (news-medical.net)

Anti-tuberculosis drugs2

• Abdominal tuberculosis most often responds to treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs. (wikipedia.org)
• Although other more effective anti-tuberculosis drugs were developed in the following decades, the number of cases of TB in the United States began to rise again in the mid-1980s. (encyclopedia.com)

Infection11

• Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (TB) is a relatively uncommon form of TB which is defined as infection of the peritoneum, abdominal organs or abdominal lymphatic system [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• citation needed] The risk factors for abdominal tuberculosis are immunocompromised states such as HIV infection, diabetes mellitus and underlying malignancy. (wikipedia.org)
• Tuberculosis (TB) Tuberculosis is a chronic, progressive mycobacterial infection, often with an asymptomatic latent period following initial infection. (msdmanuals.com)
• Thus, CD4 T cell assist performs a vital function in producing protecting CD8 T cell responses towards M. tuberculosis an infection in vitro and in vivo. (tbdb.org)
• In 2017, the Korean authorities launched an unprecedentedly large-scaled latent tuberculosis an infection (LTBI) screening venture which lined greater than one million people in congregate settings. (tbdb.org)
• Scientists know it as an infection caused by M. tuberculosis . (encyclopedia.com)
• When streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against M. tuberculosis , was discovered in the early 1940s, the infection began to come under control. (encyclopedia.com)
• Showed lower blood catecholamines can cause of tuberculosis infection arising from a day. (lorenzopetrantoni.com)
• 1 ]. Tuberculosis is associated with risk factors such as age, male gender, HIV infection, smoking, asthma, and family history of close contact with TB patients [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Various risk factors for infection among cirrhotics were evaluated like upper gastrointestinal bleed, use of proton pump inhibitors, malnutrition and severity of cirrhosis. (scirp.org)
• Les enfants hospitalisés ayant reçu le diagnostic d'infection respiratoire aiguë au cours d'une période de quatre mois en 2006 et 2007 ( n = 190) ont été comparés à un groupe témoin sans infection respiratoire aiguë ( n = 192). (who.int)

Evidence of tuberculosis2

• In the Andean states, the first pre-Columbian evidence of tuberculosis was observed in Peruvian mummies, indicating the presence of the disease before the European colonization in South America. (news-medical.net)
• After the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, a vast pool of archeologic evidence of tuberculosis was found throughout Europe, indicating that the disease was widespread in Europe during this time. (news-medical.net)

Clinical8

• Tuberculosis is a disease relatively frequent in renal transplant patients, presenting a wide variety of clinical manifestations, often involving various organs and potentially fatal. (hindawi.com)
• Intestinal tuberculosis has a very difficult investigational approach, requiring a high clinical suspicion for its diagnosis. (hindawi.com)
• We aimed to describe features and outcomes of gastrointestinal TB, determine whether a clinical algorithm could distinguish TB from non-TB diagnoses, and calculate accuracy of diagnostic tests. (biomedcentral.com)
• A clinical algorithm or score could help categorize patients as having gastrointestinal TB or an alternative diagnosis while awaiting, or in the absence of, further diagnostic information. (biomedcentral.com)
• The clinical presentation of abdominal tuberculosis is often atypical, tissue samples for confirmation of diagnosis can be difficult to procure and conventional diagnostic methods have poor yield. (wikipedia.org)
• Those with extra-abdominal tuberculosis should undergo evaluation for abdominal involvement in case of clinical suspicion. (wikipedia.org)
• The present inventor, according to the research of theory of Chinese medical science and clinical test repeatedly and checking, finally have found the medicine of effectively treatment tuberculosis of bone and joint, thus completes the present invention. (google.com)
• In the Middle Ages, a new clinical form of tuberculosis was described as scrofula, which is a disease of cervical lymph nodes. (news-medical.net)

Malaria1

• Research in malaria, respiratory opportunistic diseases, pneumonia and Tuberculosis. (utmb.edu)

Miliary1

• Hepatic tuberculosis: Hepatic tuberculosis can present as miliary hepatic tuberculosis and local hepatic tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)

Active tuberculosis2

• The radiograph shows a classic posterior segment right upper lobe density consistent with active tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
• Objectives To describe the association between types of cancer and active tuberculosis (TB) risk in migrants. (asthmafoundation.org.nz)

Perforation1

• Surgery may be warranted in abdominal tuberculosis in case of complications such as perforation, abscess, bleeding, fistula or obstruction. (wikipedia.org)

Complications1

• 6.Tuberculosis - complications. (bvsalud.org)

Infect1

• citation needed] There are several ways by which tuberculosis can infect the abdomen. (wikipedia.org)

Manifestations3

• These diagnostic difficulties in Sabah are compounded by the presence of important differential diagnoses which can mimic the various manifestations of gastrointestinal TB, including infectious causes (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
• Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. (medscape.com)
• The diagnosis is often suspected clinically with relevant manifestations or epidemiological factors such as known prior tuberculosis and possible TB exposure. (wikipedia.org)

Peritonitis1

• Conditions mentioned include: abdominal pain, abdominal tuberculosis, tuberculosis peritonitis. (ed.ac.uk)

Abdominal pain3

• Conditions mentioned include: Abdominal pain, lost weight, abdominal and pelvic tuberculosis - intermediate. (ed.ac.uk)
• Conditions mentioned include: abdominal pain, tuberculosis of the abdomen. (ed.ac.uk)
• Peritoneal tuberculosis: Peritoneal tuberculosis most often presents as abdominal pain and ascites. (wikipedia.org)

Diagnosis of gastrointestinal1

• Siddiqi HA, Rabinowitz S, Axiotis CA. Laboratory diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic disorders. (medlineplus.gov)

Renal1

• Gastrointestinal tuberculosis, although rare in the general population, is about 50 times more frequent in renal transplant patients. (hindawi.com)

Disease5

• The medicament disclosed by the invention has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, dehumidifying and removing stasis and relaxing the muscles and stimulating the blood circulation, and is rapid to take an effect, good in curative effect and free of toxic or side effect when used for treating osteoarticular tuberculosis, and the disease is not easy to reoccur after being healed. (google.com)
• maining patients either discharged diseases (NCDs), e.g. gal bladder themselvesorleftagainstmedicalad- disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, viceorweretransferredtohospitals appendicitis,heartdisease,aneurism, Methods outsideBenghazi. (who.int)
• In its Global Tuberculosis Report for 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated a total of 8.6 million tuberculosis (TB) incident cases and 1.3 million deaths from the disease during the previous year. (benthamscience.com)
• Patients with diagnosis of leprosy or tuberculosis disease. (who.int)
• Patients unable to take oral medications or having gastrointestinal disease likely to interfere with drug absorption. (who.int)

Etiology1

• At the beginning of the 19th century, there was a scientific debate about the exact etiology of tuberculosis. (news-medical.net)

Bacillus1

• Usnic acid is a natural antibiotic and even has good activity against Koch's bacillus, which causes tuberculosis in children and animals. (flowers.ua)

Peritoneal1

• Liver cirrhosis and use of peritoneal dialysis are also risk factors for abdominal tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)

Outcomes2

• This study describes the presentation, diagnosis, management and short and long-term outcomes of gastrointestinal TB cases at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Women's and Children's Hospital in Sabah, Malaysia. (biomedcentral.com)
• We conducted a prospective, observational study of the presentation, diagnosis, management and outcomes of gastrointestinal TB cases presenting to Queen Elizabeth Adult Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. (biomedcentral.com)

Intestinal2

• Intestinal tuberculosis: Tuberculosis of the intestine can affect multiple areas of the bowel simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
• The most common site of affection of tuberculosis in case of intestinal involvement is ileocecal junction. (wikipedia.org)

Sputum1

• This woman was admitted to isolation and started empirically on a 4-drug regimen in the ED. Tuberculosis was confirmed on sputum testing. (medscape.com)

Ileocecal1

• Bickle I, Ileocecal tuberculosis. (radiopaedia.org)

Suggestive1

• The histopathologic findings of tuberculosis in biopsy, such as caseous granuloma, can be suggestive of tuberculosis, but is not pathognomic. (wikipedia.org)

Patients4

• We conducted a prospective cohort study of hospitalized patients in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, with suspected gastrointestinal TB. (biomedcentral.com)
• AIDS patients are much more likely to develop tuberculosis because of their weakened immune systems. (encyclopedia.com)
• Smear-positive tuberculosis patients in Iran are reported more commonly among women [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Patients with history of treatment with macrolide or quinolone antibiotics, anti-tuberculosis medication, or immuno-modulatory drugs including corticosteroids within one month before recruitment. (who.int)

Hematogenous1

• Tuberculosis outside the lung usually results from hematogenous dissemination. (msdmanuals.com)

Lymphadenopathy2

• Plain radiograph of abdomen with diffuse calcified mesenteric lymphadenopathy in a patient with tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
• Tubercular lymphadenopathy: Abdominal lymphadenopathy is the most common manifestation of abdominal tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)

20211

• Global Tuberculosis Report 2021. (merckmanuals.com)

Malignancies1

• 6] Case reports have described AN associated with hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, and even benign gastrointestinal neoplasms. (medscape.com)

Treatment4

• The present invention relates to a kind of medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis of bone and joint and preparation method thereof, belong to the field of Chinese medicines. (google.com)
• The net effect of this pattern of treatment was to separate the study of tuberculosis from mainstream medicine. (encyclopedia.com)
• One team of public health experts in North Carolina maintains that treatment for tuberculosis is the most pressing health care need of recent immigrants to the United States. (encyclopedia.com)
• He also suggested that an effective treatment of tuberculosis should include fresh air, milk, and soy beverages. (news-medical.net)

Strains2

• This chapter deals with the classification and mechanisms of drug resistance in tuberculosis, from mono-resistant to extensive drug resistance (XDR) strains. (benthamscience.com)
• A growing pool of evidence suggests that the current strains of M. tuberculosis is originated from a common ancestor around 20,000 - 15,000 years ago. (news-medical.net)