AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Leprosy, LepromatousLeprosy, TuberculoidLeprosyMycobacterium lepraeLeprosy, BorderlineErythema NodosumLeprominLeprostatic AgentsDapsoneArmadillosAntigens, BacterialSkinTuberculomaClofazimineGranulomaAntibodies, BacterialGlycolipidsLymphocyte ActivationTuberculosis, CutaneousT-LymphocytesMycobacteriumImmunity, CellularLeprosy, MultibacillaryBCG VaccineMycobacterium bovisXenarthraHypersensitivity, DelayedImmunoglobulin GInterferon-gammaMycobacterium tuberculosisMonocytesTransfer FactorFacial DermatosesMycobacterium lepraemuriumProthionamideSkin TestsEye DiseasesHLA-DR AntigensSuppressor Factors, ImmunologicCells, CulturedPhenazinesCarcinoma, Basal CellDermatologyCross-Sectional StudiesSkin NeoplasmsTattooingPhotosensitivity DisordersMeningitis, Aseptic
Borderline lepromatousLeprosy patientsHost is anergic lepromatous leprosyIndeterminate leprosy and tuberculoidMultibacillaryDiffuse lepromatous leprosyPaucibacillaryDiseaseErythema nodosum leprosumGranulomaClassificationCell mediatedClofazimineSymptomsSmearLesionsPatientsDiagnosisClinicalPolarImmune responseFormSusceptibleFormsSkinTypeEarlyCases
Borderline lepromatous3
  • A total of 305 leprosy patients consisting of tuberculoid (TT), borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline lepromatous (BL), lepromatous leprosy (LL), as well as 200 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Low resistance - Fairly wide spread (Borderline Lepromatous). (aarogya.com)
  • The mixed reaction, which has a lower occurrence and has been rarely described in the literature, occurs mainly in the borderline lepromatous (BL) clinical form and is characterized by concurrent symptoms common to type one and two reactions 4 . (rsbmt.org.br)
Leprosy patients4
  • Although the sulfones are highly effective against most strains of M. leprae, a small number of organisms, especially those found in lepromatous leprosy patients, are less susceptible and can persist for many years, resulting in relapse. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intraneural injection of 10(7) BCG organisms into an unsensitized animal induces an epithelioid cell granuloma in 2 weeks similar to that found in tuberculoid leprosy patients. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, intraneural injection of 10(9) cobalt-irradiated Mycobacterium leprae organisms induces a macrophage granuloma in 5 weeks, similar to that found in lepromatous leprosy patients. (nih.gov)
  • Immunological screening of the λgt11 library with pooled sera from 21 lepromatous (LL) leprosy patients resulted in the identification of 19 antigens that are apparently different from previously identified M. leprae antigens. (elsevierpure.com)
Host is anergic lepromatous leprosy2
  • Two forms of the disease occur depending on whether the host mounts a Tcell mediated immune response tuberculoid leprosy or the host is anergic lepromatous leprosy. (kathleenssugarandspice.com)
  • At Uroapos, two forms of the disease occur depending on whether the host mounts a Tcell mediated immune response tuberculoid leprosy or the viagra without prescription uk host is anergic lepromatous leprosy. (kathleenssugarandspice.com)
Indeterminate leprosy and tuberculoid2
  • Paucibacillary disease (indeterminate leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy) has five or fewer lesions and no bacilli on smear testing. (medscape.com)
  • lower levels of anti-LAM IgG were observed in two mangabeys that developed indeterminate leprosy and tuberculoid/neuritic leprosy, respectively, and in a mangabey that was leprosy resistant. (unboundmedicine.com)
Multibacillary5
  • More than five lesions with or without bacilli (borderline leprosies and lepromatous leprosy) is considered multibacillary disease. (medscape.com)
  • Leprosy occurs on a spectrum, in which the most severe form is called multibacillary or lepromatous, and the least severe form is called paucibacillary or tuberculoid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with lepromatous leprosy typically have more skin areas affected (multibacillary), and the disease is more severe, common, and contagious. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The first was a 24-month treatment for multibacillary (MB or lepromatous) cases using rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone. (medwebplus.com)
  • Ridley D and Jopling W, categorised leprosy clinicopathologically into a spectrum ranging from tuberculoid (TT) to lepromatous (LL) while World Health Organisation (WHO) categorised leprosy into multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) based on number of skin lesions, involvement of peripheral nerves and microscopic demonstration of Lepra bacilli (5) , (6) . (njlm.net)
Diffuse lepromatous leprosy2
Paucibacillary2
  • People with tuberculoid leprosy typically have few skin areas affected (paucibacillary), and the disease is milder, less common, and less contagious. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The second was a six-month treatment for paucibacillary (PB or tuberculoid) cases, using rifampicin and dapsone. (medwebplus.com)
Disease14
  • A granulomatous infiltrate, in a linear pattern, involving the reticular dermis is consistent with a diagnosis of leprosy, closer to the tuberculoid pole of the spectrum and representing Borderline Tuberculoid disease (classification discussed below). (uab.edu)
  • Clinicians diagnosed the patient as having lepromatous leprosy (also known as Hansen disease). (medpagetoday.com)
  • Not surprisingly, risk factors for catching Hansen disease include close contact with someone who has the infection, exposure to armadillos, and immunosuppression or immunodeficiencies, the case authors noted, adding that the lepromatous form of Hansen disease appears to be more likely to develop in the presence of the HLA-DQ1 gene. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Borderline leprosy is the most common form of the disease, and when compared to tuberculoid, or lepromatous forms, is of intermediate severity. (cdc.gov)
  • High resistance - Localized disease (Tuberculoid). (aarogya.com)
  • Moderate - Disease fairly localized (Borderline Tuberculoid). (aarogya.com)
  • No resistance - Wide spread disease (Lepromatous). (aarogya.com)
  • The type of disease developed is partially linked to the HLA genes: HLA DR2 and HLA DR3 predispose to tuberculoid disease and HLA-Mt1 to lepromatous disease. (global-dermatology.com)
  • Ridley and Jopling's classification divide the disease into two polar types: Tuberculoid and Lepromatous. (global-dermatology.com)
  • The disease spectrum ranges from tuberculoid to lepromatous, corresponding to a high and low cellular immunity (Th1 and Th2 response) respectively. (familymednews.com)
  • Cytokines released in tuberculoid disease include interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-2 and lymphotoxin-α with high phagocytic activity and granuloma formation due to macrophage and T-cell aggregation. (familymednews.com)
  • In lepromatous disease, granuloma formation is reduced, and CD8+ cells are predominant. (familymednews.com)
  • However, patients who are not on treatment exhibit increase in bacterial load, and the disease becomes lepromatous in form due to deteriorating cell-mediated immunity. (familymednews.com)
  • The reduction of contact rate between susceptible people and lepromatous type infected hosts is more effective to control prevention leprosy disease compared with tuberculoid and borderline types. (ui.ac.id)
Erythema nodosum leprosum1
Granuloma1
  • One description of a clinical picture that results from tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by intact cell-mediated immunity, a positive lepromin skin reaction, granuloma formation, and a relative paucity of bacilli. (wikipedia.org)
Classification2
  • Borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy according to the Ridley-Jopling classification. (uab.edu)
  • Leprosy has six clinical manifestations according to the Ridley-Jopling clinical classification, which includes two ends of a spectrum "determined by immunologic status with lepromatous leprosy (LL) on one end with least immunity and tuberculoid leprosy (TL) on the other with strong immunity. (medpagetoday.com)
Cell mediated2
  • Tuberculoid leprosy is characterised by a restricted pathogenic growth and relatively high cell-mediated immunity whereas Lepromatous leprosy owns a poor cell mediated immunity which results in an extensive spreading of the infection all over the body. (pediaa.com)
  • At the other extreme, lepromatous leprosy is characterized by depressed cell-mediated immunity, numerous bacilli within the tissues, no granulomas, and a negative skin test for lepromin. (wikipedia.org)
Clofazimine1
Symptoms1
  • Early symptoms of lepromatous leprosy can be nasal stuffiness associated with discharge, bleeding, swollen legs and ankles. (pediaa.com)
Smear2
  • In fact, smears made up of skin slits, obtained from ear lobes will show positive acid-fast bacilli in Lepromatous leprosy whereas the smear will be negative in ones with Tuberculoid leprosy. (pediaa.com)
  • Further, even though ail of the patients were skin-smear négative, a significant proportion showed lepromatous histology and nearly two thirds had a moderate-to-heavy bacterial load within the nerves. (ilsl.br)
Lesions2
  • From this stage of leprosy, most lesions evolve into the tuberculoid, borderline, or lepromatous types. (medscape.com)
  • The skin lesions seem to be of the tuberculoid type, but are more numerous, sometimes affecting an entire limb. (cdc.gov)
Patients6
  • Most patients will have tender and thickened nerves which will ultimately make them lose their function with time, which can resolve spontaneously (with years) or progress to other rare types of leprosy such as borderline or Lepromatous leprosy. (pediaa.com)
  • Treatment of tuberculoid leprosy is continued for at least 1 to 2 years, while patients with lepromatous leprosy are generally treated for 5 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) form may be at high risk of nerve abscess, most commonly the ulnar nerve [ 4 ]. (jotsrr.org)
  • Since obtaining tissue to study the histology of the nerve is very often not feasible, many of these cases are simply considered to belong to the borderline tuberculoid (BT) group because several of these patients are lepromin positive and, on nerve biopsy, have shown a tuberculoid picture (5,10). (ilsl.br)
  • Treated patients become more tuberculoid in their manifestations, due to reduction in the number of bacilli. (familymednews.com)
  • Five additional antigens were identified by screening the λgt11 library with pooled sera from 30 borderline tuberculoid or tuberculoid patients. (elsevierpure.com)
Diagnosis1
  • Diagnosis of both Tuberculoid leprosy and Lepromatous leprosy will require a skin biopsy which will show characteristic histological features with granulomas and nerve involvement. (pediaa.com)
Clinical1
Polar2
  • Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid. (childrensmercy.org)
  • According to immunity state of exposed human, leprosy may extend from polar tuberculoid to polar lepromatous leprosy [ 3 ]. (jotsrr.org)
Immune response1
  • The main difference between tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy is based on their spread and immune response. (pediaa.com)
Form1
  • Both forms produce sores on the skin, but the lepromatous form is most severe. (medwebplus.com)
Susceptible1
  • The result showed that the change of contact rate between susceptible people and lepromatous type infected hosts has more effect to change the value of R0. (ui.ac.id)
Forms1
  • Leprosy has two common forms, tuberculoid and lepromatous, and these have been further subdivided. (medwebplus.com)
Skin1
  • Sensory cutaneous nerves running to the proximal edge of a skin lesion may be thickened in tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy. (medscape.com)
Type1
  • This notion was further suggested by finding low levels in tuberculoid leprosy and higher levels in lepromatous leprosy which is consistent with increased Th1 and Th2 type immunity in these conditions. (soton.ac.uk)
Early1
  • In 1950, in Kenya, good results from the use of sulphones were reported within 17 months for the non-infective and mild tuberculoid and early "indeterminate" cases. (leprosyhistory.org)
Cases1