OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesGeographicals
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesienseTrypanosomiasis, AfricanTrypanosoma brucei bruceiTrypanocidal AgentsTrypanosoma brucei gambienseTrypanosomaTrypanosomiasisVariant Surface Glycoproteins, TrypanosomaDiminazeneRobenidineTsetse FliesChancreParasitic Sensitivity TestsTrypanosoma cruziAntiprotozoal AgentsUgandaAdenosylmethionine DecarboxylaseEflornithinePentamidineInhibitory Concentration 50Protozoan ProteinsMelarsoprolDNA, ProtozoanRNA, ProtozoanTrypanosomiasis, BovineTrypanosoma congolense
GambienseCruziParasiteSleeping sicknessSubspecies of Trypanosoma bruceiTrypanosomiasisTrypomastigotesVitroParasitesInfected tsetse fliesAfricaGrowth inhibitionGlossina1990TrypanosomesRenalEpidemiologyHumanDiseaseTransmissionPresenceTypesActivityActiveAgents
Gambiense15
  • T. b. gambiense causes a slowly progressing African trypanosomiasis in western and central Africa and T. b. rhodesiense causes a more acute African trypanosomiasis in eastern and southern Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • This mechanism of transmission contrasts with that of the two subspecies of African trypanosomes that cause human disease, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , which are transmitted via the saliva of their vectors, and with the mechanism by which a nonpathogenic trypanosome found in the Americas, Trypanosoma rangeli , is transmitted to its mammalian hosts. (medscape.com)
  • For over 50 years it has been known that there are considerable differences in the severity and rate of progression of both Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense infection between individuals. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Evidence will be presented for both asymptomatic forms of T. b. gambiense infection and low virulence forms of T. b. rhodesiense infection in humans. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • AU - Sternberg,Jeremy M, AU - Maclean,Lorna, Y1 - 2010/07/21/ PY - 2010/7/29/entrez PY - 2010/7/29/pubmed PY - 2011/2/15/medline SP - 2007 EP - 15 JF - Parasitology JO - Parasitology VL - 137 IS - 14 N2 - For over 50 years it has been known that there are considerable differences in the severity and rate of progression of both Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense infection between individuals. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The West African Sleeping Sickness on the other hand is caused by a parasite called Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, with nearly 10,000 cases reported annually by the WHO. (borgenproject.org)
  • According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), more than 95 percent of reported cases are caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is found in western and central Africa. (msf-me.org)
  • [1] The 2009 approval of nifurtimoxeflornithine combination therapy (NECT) for the treatment of T. b. gambiense served to limit merlarsoprol to the treatment of second-stage T. b. rhodesiense solely. (wikidoc.org)
  • Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) manifests as an acute form caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) and a chronic form caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg). (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the acute form and the chronic form which are caused by microscopically indistinguishable hemo-parasites, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense respectively. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. (nutritionfact.in)
  • The causative agents of sleeping sickness are the protozoan parasites T. brucei gambiense and T. brucei rhodesiense. (nutritionfact.in)
  • Two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei cause disease: T. b. gambiense in West and Central Africa, and T. b. rhodesiense in East Africa. (who.int)
  • The animal reservoir is very important in T. b. rhodesiense and less so in T. b. gambiense, although it could explain the long-term endemicity in some foci despite control interventions. (who.int)
  • Dynamique de développement de Trypanosoma brucei gambiense dans les tissus de l' hôte vertébré : aspects parasitologiques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques / Mulumba Madishala P. (who.int)
Cruzi8
  • Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . (medscape.com)
  • The epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi is the multiplying stage of the parasite that grows in the gut of the insect vector and also in cell-free culture medium as shown here. (medscape.com)
  • Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes in a mouse blood smear (Giemsa, x625). (medscape.com)
  • The total extract (methanol) of the leaves of this plant and the isolated compounds were screened for in vitro for cytotoxicity and against parasitic protozoa, Plasmodium falciparum , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani . (academicjournals.org)
  • Among the compounds a-amyrin had the best anti-plasmodial activity (IC 50 = 0.96 mg/ml), normelicopicine and skimmianine had the best anti-trypanosomal activity against T . b . rhodesiense (IC 50 = 5.24 mg/ml) and T. cruzi (IC 50 = 14.50 mg/ml), respectively. (academicjournals.org)
  • 25,000 nM) and is selective over other parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum (T. cruzi EC50 8120 nM, P. falciparum EC50 3624 nM). (irbm.com)
  • Genetic control of resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi in inbred mice / by Ruth Anna Wrightsman. (who.int)
  • Mecanismos inmunes citotoxicos contra el Trypanosoma cruzi / by Susana E. Olabuenaga. (who.int)
Parasite3
  • Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , the vector transmitted parasite subspecies which causes the fatal disease Rhodesian HAT, is reliant on the availability of suitable habitat and environmental conditions for the tsetse vector ( Glossina spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Eastern disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, with a couple hundred cases reported each year by the World Health Organization (WHO). (borgenproject.org)
  • Since this interaction is the single critical event that renders T. b. rhodesiense human- infective, detailed structural information that allows identification of binding determinants is crucial to understand immune escape by the parasite. (ox.ac.uk)
Sleeping sickness4
  • MacLean, LM, Odiit, M & Sternberg, JM 2006, ' Intrathecal cytokine responses in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness patients ', Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 270-275. (elsevierpure.com)
  • African Trypanosomiasis, also known as "sleeping sickness", is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei . (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is one of the causative agents of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), known as sleeping sickness. (unl.pt)
  • Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis (r-HAT or 'sleeping sickness') caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and transmitted by tsetse flies, is commonly associated with wilderness areas of east and southern Africa. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei1
  • Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a tropical disease caused by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei, the East African variant T. b. rhodesiense and the West African variant T. b. gambiense. (ac.ke)
Trypanosomiasis3
  • Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (East African or Rhodesian African trypanosomiasis) transmitted by infected tsetse flies ( Glossina morsitans ). (medscape.com)
  • Melarsoprol ( INN ) is a prodrug used in the treatment of East African (rhodesiense) human African trypanosomiasis . (wikidoc.org)
  • The identification of a new series of growth inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, causative agent of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), is described. (irbm.com)
Trypomastigotes2
  • We report the results of a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) investigation of the growth inhibition of the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypomastigotes by bisphosphonates. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • rhodesiense trypomastigotes. (cdc.gov)
Vitro2
  • Abstract: In the course of our ongoing screening of plants of the family Asteraceae for antiprotozoal activity, a CH2Cl2-extract from the flowering aerial parts of Achillea ptarmica L. (sneezewort yarrow) was found to be active in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC50 = 0.67 µg/mL) and Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 6.6 μg/mL). (google.com)
  • The cytotoxic effects of African game animal sera to T.B. rhodesiense stabilates in vitro and a preliminary attempt to identify the trypanocidal factor(s / by Ayub Fakir Mulla. (who.int)
Parasites2
Infected tsetse flies1
Africa2
  • The WHO is working to supply technical aid to national programs in Africa and are having volunteers deliver anti-Trypanosoma medicines for free. (borgenproject.org)
  • The other 10 percent of cases are caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which is found in eastern and southern Africa. (msf-me.org)
Growth inhibition1
  • In addition, we report the LD(50) values of bisphosphonates in a mammalian cell general toxicity screen and present a comparison between the therapeutic indices and the IC(50) values in the T. b. rhodesiense growth inhibition assay. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Glossina1
  • The effect of age, sex and starvation of Glossina morsitans morsitans on the transmission of Trypanosoma congolense and T. congolense/T.B. brucei mixed infections / by Mwangelwa Inambao Mwangelwa. (who.int)
19901
  • in biology (1986) at Brunel University, followed by a Ph.D. in genetics (1990) at the University of Glasgow, working with David Barry on metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) regulation in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. (wikipedia.org)
Trypanosomes1
  • One of the two human-infective subspecies, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, differs from non-infective trypanosomes solely by the presence of the serum resistance-associated protein, which binds directly to ApoL1 and blocks its pore-forming capacity3-5. (ox.ac.uk)
Renal1
  • Association of APOL1 renal disease risk alleles with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection outcomes in the northern part of Malawi. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiology1
  • These feeding patterns, along with the ability of key host species to maintain and transmit T.b.rhodesiense, drive the epidemiology of r-HAT in wilderness areas. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Human1
  • In this paper, a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense that incorporates three species-namely, human, animal and vector-is formulated and analyzed. (ac.tz)
Disease1
  • Melasarprol is used in the treatment of the second stage of the disease, and is the only treatment available for late-stage T. b. rhodesiense treatment. (wikidoc.org)
Transmission1
  • Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma evansi steel by Stomoxys calcitrans linnaeus / by Florence Awino Ogonji. (who.int)
Presence1
  • This photomicrograph of a blood smear, taken from a blood sample that had been extracted from a 57-year-old missionary, revealed the presence of numerous Trypanosoma brucei subsp. (cdc.gov)
Types1
  • Specific land cover types and activities have been correlated with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense distributions, indicating the importance of landscape for epidemiological risk. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity1
  • Activity of bisphosphonates against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Active1
  • The active metabolite of Mel B is Mel Ox, which is taken up by the TbAT1 adenosine transporter in T. brucei brucei . (wikidoc.org)
Agents1
  • or =200:1) as well as low IC(50) values, suggesting their further investigation as antiparasitic agents against T. b. rhodesiense. (lshtm.ac.uk)