Tropospheric ozone. Medical search. Frequent questions

Combining an updated linearized stratospheric ozone chemistry (Linoz v2) with parameterized polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) chemistry, a 5-year (2001-2005) sequence of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) meteorology data, and the University of California, Irvine (UCI) chemistry transport model (CTM), we examined variations in STE O3 flux and how it perturbs tropospheric O3. (nasa.gov)
The skin cancer epidemic in Australia, for example, is related to a hole in the stratospheric ozone. (houstoncleanairnetwork.com)
The objective of this study is to show how tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics behaved during the occurrence of this event. (univ-reunion.fr)
Model results show that previously unconsidered iodine chemistry can significantly impact ozone loss at the lower edge of the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole. (csic.es)

STE drives a seasonal peak-to-peak NH variability in tropospheric ozone of about 7-8 Dobson unit (DU). (nasa.gov)
dblp: Transport and Variability of Tropospheric Ozone over Oceania and Southern Pacific during the 2019-20 Australian Bushfires. (dblp.org)
Transport and Variability of Tropospheric Ozone over Oceania and Southern Pacific during the 2019-20 Australian Bushfires. (dblp.org)
The combination of principal components analysis and k-means cluster analysis enabled the 700 hPa geopotential height fields for 792 days which experienced elevated ozone (70 ppb) to be categorized into nine clusters, representing the major modes of synoptic variability related to surface ozone concentrations in the BRNAZ. (lsu.edu)
Interannual Variability in Baseline Ozone and Its Relationship to Surface Ozone in the Western U.S.. Environmental Science & Technology 2016 , 50 (6) , 2994-3001. (acs.org)

We review how climate change could affect future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter (PM), and what changing concentrations could mean for population health. (nih.gov)
Given these uncertainties, projections suggest that climate change will increase concentrations of tropospheric ozone, at least in high-income countries when precursor emissions are held constant, which would increase morbidity and mortality. (nih.gov)
If improved models continue to project higher ozone concentrations with climate change, then reducing greenhouse gas emissions would enhance the health of current and future generations. (nih.gov)
We measured ozone (O3) concentrations in the atmospheric plumes of the volcanoes St. Augustine (1976), Mt. Etna (2004, 2009) and Eyjafjallajkull (2010) and found O3 to be strongly depleted compared to the background at each volcano. (uea.ac.uk)
This research study attempts to assess factors contributing to elevated concentrations of tropospheric ozone. (lsu.edu)
Hourly observations of surface ozone concentrations were analyzed for eleven ambient air quality stations in the Baton Rouge metropolitan nonattainment zone (BRNAZ). (lsu.edu)
Utilizing an environment-to-circulation approach, surface ozone concentrations were related to broad-scale steering circulation patterns. (lsu.edu)
With ambient concentrations of ozone and carbon dioxide both raised by 50 per cent, we find that the formation rates of total and acid-insoluble soil carbon are reduced by 50 per cent relative to the amounts entering the soil when the forests were exposed to increased carbon dioxide alone. (mtu.edu)
Our results suggest that, in a world with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, global-scale reductions in plant productivity due to elevated ozone levels will also lower soil carbon formation rates significantly. (mtu.edu)
Policy Relevant Background (PRB) ozone concentrations are defined by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as those concentrations that would occur in the U.S. in the absence of anthropogenic emissions in continental North America (i.e., the U.S, Canada, and Mexico). (acs.org)
Sensitivity analyses conducted by the EPA have illustrated that changing estimates of PRB ozone concentrations have a progressively greater impact on estimates of mortality risk as more stringent standards are considered. (acs.org)
The study periods September 06-09, 2004 and November 12-15, 2011 were chosen due to the high ozone concentrations observed, and the experimental data available for these periods. (usp.br)
however, with mismatches and maximum concentrations lower than observations, characteristics related with the estimative of the spatial and temporal distributions of the emissions as well as by the transportation of ozone and its precursors from external regions to MASP. (usp.br)
Works with landscape variation in ozone and ozone exposure in relation to local climate and ozone deposition, and studies ecophysiological aspects of vegetation interaction with the atmosphere, including the responses and long-term acclimation to climate, elevated CO 2 and elevated O 3 concentrations. (lu.se)
2006). The presence of these terpenes in high concentrations present a potential hazard due to their reactivity with ozone. (cdc.gov)

Since 1995, free tropospheric ozone has increased by between 2-12 % per decade depending on the region of the world. (ccacoalition.org)

Tropospheric ozone depletion events are phenomena that reduce the concentration of ozone in the earth's troposphere. (wikipedia.org)
Ozone depletion events (ODEs) are phenomena associated with the sea ice zone. (wikipedia.org)
Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on these ozone depletion events has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
During ozone depletion events, the enhanced halogen chemistry can effectively oxidize reactive gaseous elements. (wikipedia.org)
Recent changes in the climate of the Arctic and state of the Arctic sea ice cover are likely to have strong effects on halogen activation and ozone depletion events. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, this network approach to ozone monitoring has important advantages over a single station both for establishing a record of surface level ozone distributions and for the study of specific phenomena such as ozone depletion events. (confex.com)
We will present the preliminary observations from the first full season of ozone measurements from the network, and compare these with single point measurements of ozone depletion events and related chemistry from previous Austral Springs. (confex.com)
These previous measurement campaigns have demonstrated a clear meteorological signature that accompanies the majority of ozone depletion events. (confex.com)
Further more, there is a robust correlation between these previously observed ozone depletion events, and changes in the size distribution and composition of sub micron aerosols. (confex.com)

These results show that changes in the hydrological cycle due to climate change could affect the magnitude and distribution of ozone radiative forcing. (nasa.gov)
The role of nitrate aerosols as climate change driver is analyzed and set in perspective to other aerosol and ozone forcings under pre-industrial, present day and future conditions. (nasa.gov)

Terpenes and their derivatives are common tropospheric trace gases (Graedel, 1979). (cdc.gov)

Apart from absorbing UV-B radiation and converting solar energy into heat in the stratosphere, ozone in the troposphere provides greenhouse effect and controls the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Ozone in the troposhere is determined by photochemical production and destruction, dry deposition and cross-tropopause transport of ozone from the stratosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Ozone (O 3 ) is a gas that exists in two layers of the atmosphere: the stratosphere (upper layer) and the troposphere (ground level up to 10km). (ccacoalition.org)
In the stratosphere, ozone protects life on Earth from the sun's ultraviolet radiation. (ccacoalition.org)
This method can be used to measure diurnal variation of tropospheric O3 profiles and is complementary to the Umkehr method that mainly measures ozone profiles in the stratosphere. (nasa.gov)
Changes in the stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone over the last few decades have altered the tropospheric ozone abundance and are likely to continue doing so in the coming century as climate changes. (nasa.gov)
When ozone is high above the Earth in the stratosphere, it helps protect life on the ground from solar radiation by scattering incoming ultraviolet rays from the sun. (houstoncleanairnetwork.com)

The primary purpose of the launches was to investigate the diurnal variation in the vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone within the BRNAZ. (lsu.edu)

In the troposphere, ozone is the product of the atmospheric reaction of a number of precursor pollutants, which have both natural and man-made sources. (ccacoalition.org)
Vehicles emit some of the pollutants that form tropospheric ozone. (ccacoalition.org)
The World Health Organisation has established clear air quality guidelines which offer global guidance on thresholds and limits for key air pollutants - including ozone and PM2.5 - which pose health risks. (ccacoalition.org)
In the presence of water vapor, photolysis of tropospheric ozone (O3) produces the hydroxyl radical (OH), which is a strong oxidant that directly and indirectly controls a host of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. (fsu.edu)

The different reactivity of halogens as compared to OH and ozone has broad impacts on atmospheric chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Focuses in MERGE on aerosol and in the context relevant atmospheric chemistry modelling (tropospheric ozone), using the EMEP model as a stepping stone to introducing new parameterizations in regional and over time global climate models. (lu.se)
These compounds exhibit active indoor air chemistry (ozone-initiated terpene chemistry), resulting in highly reactive intermediates that can exacerbate susceptible populations. (cdc.gov)

Ozone (O3) is a trace gas which has been of concern because of its unique dual role in different layers of the lower atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Nitrogen oxides play a key role in recycling active free radicals (such as reactive halogens) in the atmosphere and indirectly affect ozone depletion. (wikipedia.org)
In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. (nasa.gov)
The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. (nasa.gov)
Tropospheric (or ground-level) ozone is a short-lived climate pollutant that remains in the atmosphere for only hours to weeks. (ccacoalition.org)
Though it is short-lived in the atmosphere, tropospheric ozone has multiple negative impacts on humans, plants, and the climate. (ccacoalition.org)
The influence of the hydrological cycle in the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect of tropospheric ozone (O3) is quantified in terms of the O3 longwave radiative effect (LWRE), which is defined as the net reduction of top-of-atmosphere flux due to total tropospheric O3 absorption. (nasa.gov)
Conference proceedings the changing atmosphere : implications for global security, Toronto, Canada, 27-30 June 1988 = Actes de la conference : l'atmosphere en evolution : implications pour la securite du globe, Toronto, Canada, 27-30 juin 1988. (epa.gov)
Crutzen's Nobel laureate was to do with ozone but his footprints were all over our atmosphere, and climate science, as comprehensively narrated in this Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society remembrance. (skepticalscience.com)

Strategies to prevent the formation of tropospheric ozone are primarily based on methane reductions and cutting the levels of atmospheric pollution arising from cars, power plants and other sources. (ccacoalition.org)

In the Northern Hemisphere, ozone levels in the troposphere have increased by 35 per cent over the past century, with detrimental impacts on forest and agricultural productivity, even when forest productivity has been stimulated by increased carbon dioxide levels. (mtu.edu)
Here we examine the effects of elevated ozone levels on the formation rates of total and decay-resistant acid-insoluble soil carbon under conditions of elevated carbon dioxide levels in experimental aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands and mixed aspen-birch (Betula papyrifera) stands. (mtu.edu)

Children, the elderly, and people with lung or cardiovascular diseases are particularly at risk of the adverse health impacts of ozone. (ccacoalition.org)
This dissertation develops and uses two new datasets to better understand the ozone photochemistry and impacts. (fsu.edu)

The FT ozone profiles over Irene in 1990-2007 are re-examined, filling in a 1995-1999 gap with ozone profiles taken during the Measurements of Ozone by Airbus In-service Aircraft (MOZAIC) project over nearby Johannesburg. (psu.edu)

Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. (nasa.gov)
Our estimate for the current STE ozone flux is 290 Tg/a in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and 225 Tg/a in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). (nasa.gov)
Tropospheric ozone increases over the southern Africa region: Bellwether for rapid growth in Southern Hemisphere pollution? (psu.edu)
A more likely reason for wintertime FT ozone increases over Irene and Réunion appears to be long-range transport of growing pollution in the Southern Hemisphere. (psu.edu)

The remote locations of the AWS sites and the use of renewable non-polluting energy sources, is providing ozone observations that are free of anthropogenic influence and hence more representative of the broader distribution in the region. (confex.com)
The MAX-DOAS measurements of NO 2 and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) are used to validate ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) satellite observations over Nanjing. (copernicus.org)

In the Arctic troposphere, transport and photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a result of human emissions also produce ozone resulting in a background mixing ratio of 30 to 50 nmol mol−1 (ppb). (wikipedia.org)
But when ozone is closer to the ground (the troposphere), it enters our respiratory system and can cause a variety of mild to severe health effects. (houstoncleanairnetwork.com)

This data set is invaluable for studying the natural background processes that control tropospheric ozone, without the influence of transported pollution and local pollution sources that have muddied the interpretation of other polar ozone measurements. (confex.com)
The promotion of these Australian climate extremes results from the downward coupling of the weakened polar vortex to tropospheric levels, where it is linked to the low-index polarity of the Southern Annular Mode, an equatorward shift of the mid-latitude westerly jet stream and subsidence and warming in the subtropics. (nature.com)

The O3 LWRE derived from the infrared spectral measurements by Aura's Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) show that the spatiotemporal variation of LWRE is relevant to relative humidity, surface temperature, and tropospheric O3 column. (nasa.gov)
Tropospheric ozone profiles from a ground-based ultraviolet spectrometer: a new. (nasa.gov)

Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world. (nasa.gov)
Along with nitric oxides, the hydrocarbon emissions contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone. (korkortonline.se)
The ozone increases are consistent with trajectory origins of air parcels sampled by the sondes and with recent NO x emissions trends estimated for Africa, South America and Madagascar. (psu.edu)
The nomination was based on the increasing use of PCBTF by industries and consumers, since it was exempted by the Environmental Protection Agency as a volatile organic compound in emissions reporting on the basis of not reacting in a manner that would contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone. (cdc.gov)

Australian hot and dry extremes have been known to be associated with the occurrence of El Niño and other variations of tropospheric circulation. (nature.com)

When the observed column ozone depletion from 1979 to 2004 is modeled with Linoz v2, we predicted STE reductions of at most 10% in the NH, corresponding to a mean decrease of 1 ppb in tropospheric O3. (nasa.gov)

Long-term exposure to ozone air pollution is linked to 1 million premature deaths per year due to respiratory diseases. (ccacoalition.org)
1 W/m2) are further due to large thermal contrasts and tropospheric ozone enhancements from atmospheric circulation and pollution. (nasa.gov)

The Antarctic ozone hole is a cyclical phenomenon that occurs during the austral spring where there is a large decrease in ozone content in the Antarctic region. (univ-reunion.fr)
Ozone-poor air mass can be released and leave through the Antarctic ozone hole, thus reaching midlatitude regions. (univ-reunion.fr)
This phenomenon is known as the secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole. (univ-reunion.fr)

Tropospheric ozone exposure is responsible for an estimated one million premature deaths each year. (ccacoalition.org)
Chronic Ambient Ozone Exposure Aggravates Autism-Like Symptoms in a Susceptible Mouse Model. (acs.org)

Reduction of soil carbon formation by tropospheric ozone under increas" by Wendy M. Loya, Kurt S. Pregitzer et al. (mtu.edu)
A reduction of ozone content of approximately 23 % was observed in relation to the climatology average recorded between 1992 and 2016. (univ-reunion.fr)

Ozone absorbs radiation, acting as a strong greenhouse gas and altering evaporation, cloud formation, and atmospheric circulation. (ccacoalition.org)

When these streams were allied with positive omega values at 500 hPa and a high pressure system in southern Brazil and Uruguay, the advance of the ozone-poor air mass that caused intense reductions in total ozone content could be explained. (univ-reunion.fr)

Isoprene, monoterpenes, and higher terpenoids are transmitted by plants in amounts that change tropospheric O3. (alliedacademies.org)
Indoors, using photocopiers and laser printers produces relatively large amounts of tropospheric ozone, hence the need to properly ventilate rooms where these machines are kept. (belgium.be)

Driving theory questions: Which two exhaust substances contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone? (korkortonline.se)
However, the influence of elevated ozone levels on soil carbon formation and decomposition are unknown. (mtu.edu)
The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of vehicular emission factors change on tropospheric ozone formation in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil for 2004 and 2011. (usp.br)

The main consequence of halogen activation is chemical destruction of ozone, which removes the primary precursor of atmospheric oxidation, and generation of reactive halogen atoms/oxides that become the primary oxidizing species. (wikipedia.org)
The oxidation ability originally influenced by ozone is weakened, while the halogen species now holds the oxidation ability. (wikipedia.org)

Br atoms and BrO) that episodically deplete ozone in the atmospheric boundary layer to near zero levels. (wikipedia.org)
The field sites for this network were specifically chosen to maximize our ability to diagnose the source of ozone depleted air masses, to observe the rate of ozone depletion as air masses pass multiple stations and to diagnose the relationship between boundary layer dynamics and the severity of ozone depletion. (confex.com)

When tropospheric O3 reaches the surface, its oxidative effects perturb plant transpiration and photosynthesis. (fsu.edu)

The ozone-poor air mass began to operate in the region on 20 October 2016. (univ-reunion.fr)
Tropospheric dynamic analysis showed a post-frontal high pressure system on 20 and 21 October 2016, with pressure levels at sea level and thickness between 1000 and 500 hPa. (univ-reunion.fr)

These meteorological signature and chemical correlations will be further examined using the data collected from the Ozone Sensor Network during the Austral spring of 2012. (confex.com)

The combination of the AWS and ozone sensor networks provides significantly more information than obtainable from any single measurement. (confex.com)

In addition to petrochemical and other industrial activities, the climatological characteristics of the area meaningfully impact the development of tropospheric ozone. (lsu.edu)

The main reaction products of α-pinene/ozone reactions are formaldehyde and other aldehydes, such as pinonaldehyde (Grosjean et. (cdc.gov)

The CTM matches the observed QBO variations in total column ozone, and the STE O3 flux shows negative anomalies over the midlatitudes during the easterly phases of the QBO. (nasa.gov)

To explain the ozone increases, we investigated a time series of dynamical markers, e.g., potential vorticity (PV) at 330-350 K. PV affects UT ozone over Irene in November-December but displays little relationship with ozone over Réunion. (psu.edu)
Iodine also increases the ozone hole area and mass deficit. (csic.es)

To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century. (nasa.gov)
Through the application of trajectory modeling based on the AWS meteorological data fields, the source and evolution of ozone-depleted air masses can be inferred. (confex.com)
This document is the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) for the TROPOMI/Sentinel-5P tropospheric ozone data products. (esa.int)
The data collected indicated subsidence, radiational cooling, frontal passage, advection, and turbulent mixing influenced the development of tropospheric ozone. (lsu.edu)
A multivariate regression model that accounts for the annual ozone cycle, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and possible tropopause changes was applied to monthly averaged Irene data from 4 to 11 km and to 1992-2011 Réunion sonde data from 4 to 15 km. (psu.edu)
Estimating US Background Ozone Using Data Fusion. (acs.org)

Conversely, the low O3 LWRE over the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (on average 0.4 W m-2) is due to strong water vapor absorption and cloudiness, both of which reduce the tropospheric O3 absorp- tion in the longwave radiation. (nasa.gov)

Estimated global crop production losses owing to ozone total 79-121 million tonnes , worth US$ 11-18 billion annually. (ccacoalition.org)

Results are interpreted in terms of the constraints that they offer on sources of tropospheric ozone (O3). (nasa.gov)

The largest increase in tropospheric ozone is found over developing regions (East Asia, the Persian Gulf, India, northern South America, the Gulf of Guinea, and Malaysia/Indonesia). (ccacoalition.org)
Both stations also display smaller positive trends in summer, with a 45% decade -1 ozone increase near the tropopause over Réunion in December. (psu.edu)

Our maps show tropospheric ozone because it poses the greatest threat to human health. (houstoncleanairnetwork.com)

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